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Using Risk Dominance Strategy in Poker
Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing ©2014 ISSN 2073-4212 Ubiquitous International Volume 5, Number 3, July 2014 Using Risk Dominance Strategy in Poker J.J. Zhang Department of ShenZhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Applied Technology Engineering Laboratory for Internet Multimedia Application HIT Part of XiLi University Town, NanShan, 518055, ShenZhen, GuangDong [email protected] X. Wang Department of ShenZhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology Public Service Platform of Mobile Internet Application Security Industry HIT Part of XiLi University Town, NanShan, 518055, ShenZhen, GuangDong [email protected] L. Yao, J.P. Li and X.D. Shen Department of ShenZhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology HIT Part of XiLi University Town, NanShan, 518055, ShenZhen, GuangDong [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Received March, 2014; revised April, 2014 Abstract. Risk dominance strategy is a complementary part of game theory decision strategy besides payoff dominance. It is widely used in decision of economic behavior and other game conditions with risk characters. In research of imperfect information games, the rationality of risk dominance strategy has been proved while it is also wildly adopted by human players. In this paper, a decision model guided by risk dominance is introduced. The novel model provides poker agents of rational strategies which is relative but not equals simply decision of “bluffing or no". Neural networks and specified probability tables are applied to improve its performance. In our experiments, agent with the novel model shows an improved performance when playing against our former version of poker agent named HITSZ CS 13 which participated Annual Computer Poker Competition of 2013. -
The Mathematics of Poker: Basic Equity Calculations
- MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER EDUCATION- THE MATHEMATICS OF POKER: BASIC EQUITY CALCULATIONS AND ESTIMATES Mark Farag Gildart Haase School of Computer Sciences and Engineering Fairleigh Dickinson University 1000 River Road, Mail Stop T-BE2-01 Teaneck, New Jersey 07666 [email protected] INTRODUCTION The game of poker has experienced a worldwide boom in popularity in the past decade. This can be attributed to a confiuence of events: the invention of the "lipstick" camera that allows viewing of players' "hole" (hidden) cards for television broadcasts, the growth of online poker rooms, and the increased popularity of "satellite" events that allow players to win their way into larger-money events. The largest single prize awarded in a poker tournament to date, 12 million US dollars, was won by an amateur player in 2006 [2]. Poker is a game of skill that contains an element of chance; it lies somewhere between chess (pure skill) and roulette (pure luck) in the spectrum of games. Since poker is a game of incomplete information, skilled players often use psychology to help them make correct decisions or to infiuence others to make incorrect decisions. Some situations do arise, however, in which mathematical considerations are paramount. It is the purpose of this article to discuss such situations. Since the first section covers the rules of poker in detail, the subsequent discussion should be of interest and accessible to students with only a basic knowledge of combinatorics and probability. THE RULES Modem poker is played with a standard deck of 52 cards, using cards marked with numbers 2 through 10, J (Jack), Q (Queen), K (King), and A (Ace) to indicate, in increasing order, their respective ranks. -
Early Round Bluffing in Poker Author(S): California Jack Cassidy Source: the American Mathematical Monthly, Vol
Early Round Bluffing in Poker Author(s): California Jack Cassidy Source: The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 122, No. 8 (October 2015), pp. 726-744 Published by: Mathematical Association of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.4169/amer.math.monthly.122.8.726 Accessed: 23-12-2015 19:20 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Mathematical Association of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Mathematical Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.32.135.128 on Wed, 23 Dec 2015 19:20:53 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Early Round Bluffing in Poker California Jack Cassidy Abstract. Using a simplified form of the Von Neumann and Morgenstern poker calculations, the author explores the effect of hand volatility on bluffing strategy, and shows that one should never bluff in the first round of Texas Hold’Em. 1. INTRODUCTION. The phrase “the mathematics of bluffing” often brings a puzzled response from nonmathematicians. “Isn’t that an oxymoron? Bluffing is psy- chological,” they might say, or, “Bluffing doesn’t work in online poker. -
Poker 101 Poker Rules and Concepts for Our Annual Charity Tournament
Poker 101 Poker Rules and Concepts for our Annual Charity Tournament Adapted from MIT 15.S50 Lecture Brainteasers Problem: • (1) In Poker, what is the best hand to go up against Pocket Aces? (other than the other two Aces?) • (2) The situation: heads up on the turn, but before the river comes out you already know you are guaranteed to lose, regardless of what your opponent has. What are your hole cards, and what is on the board? Brainteaser Solution: • (1) In Poker, what is the best hand to go up against Pocket Aces? (other than the other two Aces?) • AA 77.50% 65s 22.50% • (2) The situation: heads up on the turn, but before the river comes out you already know you are guaranteed to lose, regardless of what your opponent has. What are your hole cards, and what is on the board? • Your hole cards: 22 • Board: any quads (5555) Announcements • Annual Charity Poker Tournament – Saturday, 4/15 • Pitch Perfect: A QFS-USWIB Production • Pitch Workshops: 4/11 and 4/18 at 6:30pm • Deadline: 4/18 • Competition: 4/20 • Registration: http://tinyurl.com/qfsuswib • If you are interested but don’t have a team, email us! Poker Rules Texas Hold ‘Em Overview • Texas Hold'em is a community card poker game, with game play focused as much on the betting as on the cards being played • Texas Holdem is played on a single table with 2 to 9 players • You win a pot by having the best hand, or by having all other players fold before the showdown • The structure of Texas Hold'em can be broken up into three main divisions: 1. -
Kill Everyone
Kill Everyone Advanced Strategies for No-Limit Hold ’Em Poker Tournaments and Sit-n-Go’s Lee Nelson Tysen Streib and Steven Heston Foreword by Joe Hachem Huntington Press Las Vegas, Nevada Contents Foreword.................................................................................. ix Author’s.Note.......................................................................... xi Introduction..............................................................................1 How.This.Book.Came.About...................................................5 Part One—Early-Stage Play . 1. New.School.Versus.Old.School.............................................9 . 2. Specific.Guidelines.for.Accumulating.Chips.......................53 Part Two—Endgame Strategy Introduction.........................................................................69 . 3. Basic.Endgame.Concepts....................................................71 . 4. Equilibrium.Plays................................................................89 . 5. Kill.Phil:.The.Next.Generation..........................................105 . 6. Prize.Pools.and.Equities....................................................115 . 7. Specific.Strategies.for.Different.Tournament.Types.........149 . 8. Short-Handed.and.Heads-Up.Play...................................179 . 9. Detailed.Analysis.of.a.Professional.SNG..........................205 Part Three—Other Topics .10. Adjustments.to.Recent.Changes.in.No-Limit Hold.’Em.Tournaments....................................................231 .11. Tournament.Luck..............................................................241 -
Alright, Let's Talk About Some Postflop Play
MIT 15.S50 LECTURE 2 Wednesday, January 16th, 2013 OUTLINE: POSTFLOP PLAY 1st Half: Continuation Betting, Fundamental Theorem of Poker, Flop Analysis 2nd Half: Implied Odds, Set Mining, Bluffing (with draws), Bluffing Epiphany 1, Bluffing Epiphany 2 A REMINDER ABOUT ATTENDANCE... YOU are responsible for ensuring your attendance is marked down each class! Find the Attendance Person with your name either before class, during the break, or after class. I won’t set aside class time for attendance. REMINDER: LIVE TOURNAMENT TOMORROW 1PM, will end around 5PM if you make it until the very end. Baker House Dining. Baker House is an Undergrad dorm. Google Maps it. The front door is locked, but if you tell the secretary you’re here for the poker tournament, they’ll let you in.) ALRIGHT, LET’S TALK ABOUT SOME POSTFLOP PLAY. NOTE POSITION NAMES. THE RAISE SIZE IS A BIT BIGGER THAN 2.25BB, BUT THAT’S FINE SINCE WE HAVE A COMFORTABLE 40BB BOTH BLINDS CALL. SB CHECKS BB CHECKS CHECKING TO THE PREFLOP RAISER This is conventional. The SB and BB, regardless of what cards they have, will usually check to the preflop raiser. Why is this? The SB and BB cannot really threaten to ever have a big pair on this flop, because if they had AA, they would’ve re-raised preflop. On the other hand, HJ-1 could potentially have AA in this situation. So if the SB and BB bet, they leave themselves susceptible to get raised by HJ-1, and they’ll usually have to fold, since HJ-1 could have/threaten AA while they can’t. -
Introduction to the Theory & Practice of Poker
Introduction to the Theory & Practice of Poker Lecture #4 January 16, 2020 Some logistics • Reminder to register for Saturday, 8pm poker tournament • We are showing Rounders at 7:30 pm in this room • Second showing of All In the Poker Movie on Monday, 1/20, 1:30 pm • Feedback for last night’s poker play • Less open limping • But some of you still doing it • Raise sizes still seem a bit unusual • Unless you have a specific reason stick to 3 times the previous bet • Opening ranges a bit wide • Typically you shouldn’t play more than one or two hands per round, if that • If you do, you’re playing too loose • This might be fun with play money, but when you play for real money, tighten up • Lots of use of the word “dominated” in the banter in the chat Poker Riddle: Looking back on the hand afterwards, you had the absolute nuts on the flop and the absolute nuts on the turn. On the river, you could not win or even chop. To answer correctly: Describe your hand, the flop, the turn, and the river and prove that you solved the riddle. The conditions must be true for every possible set of opponents. Amber Hamelin How to describe a hand Describing a hand • Stack sizes • Effective stacks • Table image: yours and theirs • Recent activity: aggressive, passive • Position • Cards • Thought process • Opponents thought process, if any • Action Example: how not to do it I had a pair of aces. I bet big and got one caller. Flop came low cards. -
Online Poker Statistics Guide a Comprehensive Guide for Online Poker Players
Online Poker Statistics Guide A comprehensive guide for online poker players This guide was created by a winning poker player on behalf of Poker Copilot. Poker Copilot is a tool that automatically records your opponents' poker statistics, and shows them onscreen in a HUD (head-up display) while you play. Version 2. Updated April, 2017 Table of Contents Online Poker Statistics Guide 5 Chapter 1: VPIP and PFR 5 Chapter 2: Unopened Preflop Raise (UOPFR) 5 Chapter 3: Blind Stealing 5 Chapter 4: 3-betting and 4-betting 6 Chapter 5: Donk Bets 6 Chapter 6: Continuation Bets (cbets) 6 Chapter 7: Check-Raising 7 Chapter 8: Squeeze Bet 7 Chapter 9: Big Blinds Remaining 7 Chapter 10: Float Bets 7 Chapter 1: VPIP and PFR 8 What are VPIP and PFR and how do they affect your game? 8 VPIP: Voluntarily Put In Pot 8 PFR: Preflop Raise 8 The relationship between VPIP and PFR 8 Identifying player types using VPIP/PFR 9 VPIP and PFR for Six-Max vs. Full Ring 10 Chapter 2: Unopened Preflop Raise (UOPFR) 12 What is the Unopened Preflop Raise poker statistic? 12 What is a hand range? 12 What is a good UOPFR for beginners from each position? 12 How to use Equilab hand charts 13 What about the small and big blinds? 16 When can you widen your UOPFR range? 16 Flat calling using UOPFR 16 Flat calling with implied odds 18 Active players to your left reduce your implied odds 19 Chapter 3: Blind Stealing 20 What is a blind steal? 20 Why is the blind-stealing poker statistic important? 20 Choosing a bet size for a blind steal 20 How to respond to a blind steal -
Check/Raise Flush Draws in the Middle
P G RULES FOR 20PLAYING FLUSH DRAWS IN 2018 You are about to read some of the secrets Ryan Fee and I (Doug Polk) have used to separate us from your average poker player. RYAN FEE DOUG POLK We, like many players, used to aimlessly bet the flop every time we had a flush draw without much of a plan for the turn and river and with little consideration for the impact it had on the rest of our range. (Sound familiar…?) After spending years refining and optimizing our games we have deduced a methodology to playing flush draws that is balanced, sneaky, and let’s us fight for pots where other players aren’t even looking. By following these rules you will make more money in two ways: 1 More often, you will make better hands fold when bluffing, worse hands call when value betting, and put in the minimum when we are behind. 2 Most players are still behind the curve and play most of, if not all of their flush draws the same on the flop. You will make chips by having bluffs and value bets in spots your opponents do not expectP and are not prepared for. G 20 RULES FOR PLAYING FLUSH DRAWS 1 RULE #1 Ask yourself “If my hand wasn’t a flush draw, how would I play it?” Chances are you should play the flush draw the same way. Example: j t 2 If you T 9 on would normally X check t 9 you should also check XX RULE #2 Check the nut flush draw most of the time, except in instances where it is a very strong hand and you are borderline value-betting. -
Is Two Better Than One?
Is Two Better Than One? Brian Alspach Most hold'em players know the odds against hitting an inside straight draw on a single card are roughly 11-to-1. This is the gure they have wired into their brains. Consequently, several people have expressed surprise at the 5.1-to- 1 odds against making a straight by the river given a op that allows an inside straight draw. Last month we looked at the mathematics behind the big change in odds when considering drawing two cards successively versus one card at a time. So the mathematics has been explained but another question has arisen for the people mentioned above. The question revolves around the decision about whether to bet. What they were telling me was that they would pay to see the turn if the pot was o ering them better than 11-to-1 odds. Otherwise they would fold. However, after seeing the 5.1-to-1 gure, they were wondering whether it might not be pro table to draw for the straight in certain circumstances even if the pot is o ering odds worse than 11-to-1. Let's take a look at their question. We need to be very clear about what we are checking. If you might fold after the turn card, then you are allowing the possibility that you may pay to see only one card. In this case your decision must be based on the situation you face at the time with respect to drawing a single card. That is, if the pot is o ering you less than 11-to-1 odds, then you should fold. -
The Scrabble Player's Handbook Is Available for Free Download At
The Scrabble Player's Handbook is available for free download at www.scrabbleplayershandbook.com 1 Contents Introduction 3 Meet The Team 5 What's Different About Competitive Scrabble? 10 How To Play Good Scrabble 11 The Words 14 What Is Scrabble? 16 Scoring Well 21 Understanding Rack Leaves 32 Word Learning 35 The First Move 46 Tile Tracking 50 Time Management 54 Exchanging 58 Phoneys 64 Set-Ups 65 Open and Closed Boards 68 The Endgame 75 Playing Style 85 How To Play Amazing Scrabble 94 The Luck Element 98 The Game Behind The Game 99 Starting Out in Competitive Play 101 Quackle 103 Zyzzyva 109 Internet Scrabble Club 115 Aerolith 117 Scrabble by Phone 119 Books 121 Scrabble Variants 123 Scrabble Around The World 125 Playing Equipment 127 Glossary 128 Appendix 133 Rules Governing Word Inclusion 133 Two-letter words 137 Three-letter words 140 SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A. by Hasbro Inc., in Canada by Hasbro Canada Inc. and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Ltd. of Maidenhead SL6 4UB, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro or Hasbro Canada. The Scrabble Player's Handbook is available free of charge. There is no copyright on the contents and readers are encouraged to distribute the book in PDF or printed form to all who would benefit from it. Please respect our work by retaining the footer on every page and by refraining from reproducing any part of this book for financial gain. -
When to Hold 'Em (An Introduction To
Mathematical Assoc. of America Mathematics Magazine 0:0 Accepted 5/12/2020 when-to-hold-em-arxiv-v1.tex page 1 VOL. 0, NO. 0, 0 1 When to hold ’em Kaity Parsons, Peter Tingley* and Emma Zajdela Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago [email protected] Summary We consider the age-old question: how do I win my fortune at poker? First a disclaimer: this is a poor career choice. But thinking about it involves some great math! Of course you need to know how good your hand is, which leads to some super-fun counting and probability, but you are still left with questions: Should I hold ’em? Should I fold ’em? Should I bet all my money? It can be pretty hard to decide! Here we get some insight into these questions by thinking about simplified games. Along the way we introduce some ideas from game theory, including the idea of Nash equilibrium. Introduction So you want to win at poker? Certainly you need to know how good any hand is, but that isn’t the whole story: You still need to know what to do. That is, in the words of Don Schlitz [15] (made famous by Kenny Rogers [14]), you gotta know when to hold ’em, know when to fold ’em, know when to walk away, know when to run. Well, you’re on your own for when to walk away and when to run. That leaves when to hold ’em, when to fold ’em, and a crucial question that was left out: when to bet.