Experiment No. 1

AIM: To study about CAD, CAM and CAE software and its advantages.

CAD

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations.

Computer-aided design is used in many fields. Its use in electronic design is known as Electronic Design Automation (EDA). In mechanical design, it is also known as computer-aided drafting (CAD) or computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), which describes the process of creating a technical with the use of computer software.

CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-dimensional (2D) space; or curves, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional (3D) space.

CAD is an important industrial art extensively used in many applications, including automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthetics, and many more. CAD is also widely used to produce computer animation for special effects in movies, advertising and technical manuals. The modern ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by engineers of the 1960s. Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major driving force for research in computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and software), and discrete differential geometry.

Advantages of CAD

. One of the most obvious advantages of CAD software is the use of digital models instead of paper blueprints. Here measurements are automatic, and lines, shapes and objects can be created with simple mouse clicks as opposed to slide rulers and calculators. Models can also be viewed in three dimensions. . Another advantage of CAD software is data centralization. All digital blueprints are saved on the same server, not in disparate file cabinets, and can be accessed by anyone who uses the software. (Some CAD software also gives users the chance to view files on mobile devices.) This lets designers in different locations work on the same project, sharing edits and modifications, which reduces communication bottlenecks and improves efficiency, accountability and project execution. . Finally, many CAD software tools integrate with cost estimating software or, at the very least, let users export information such as lists of building components (windows, doors, pieces of furniture, etc.) This, too, saves time and reduces the likelihood of transcription errors, since part lists need not be recreated.

CAM

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of work pieces. This is not the only definition for CAM, but it is the most common. CAM may also refer to the use of a computer to assist in all operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning, management, transportation and storage. Its primary purpose is to create a faster production process and components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption. CAM is now a system used in schools and lower educational purposes CAM is a subsequent computer-aided process after computer-aided design (CAD) and sometimes computer-aided engineering (CAE), as the model generated in CAD and verified in CAE can be input into CAM software, which then controls the machine tool.

CAD model (above) and CNC machined part (below)

Companies providing CAM software are

. Dassault Systems

. Siemens PLM Software

. Delcam

. Planit Holdings

. PTC

. Tebis

. Cimatron

. Open Mind Technologies

. C&G System

Advantages of CAM

. In large-scale production, the results are consistent (always the same).

. Enables very high accuracy levels in large-scale production. . Usually speeds up production of low-volume products

CAE CAE tools are being used, for example, to analyze the robustness and performance of components and assemblies. The term encompasses simulation, validation, and optimization of products and manufacturing tools.

In regard to information networks, CAE systems are individually considered a single node on a total information network and each node may interact with other nodes on the network.

CAE systems can provide support to businesses. This is achieved by the use of reference architectures and their ability to place information views on the business process. Reference architecture is the basis from which information model, especially product and manufacturing models.

Fields and Phases in CAE

CAE areas covered include:

. Stress analysis on components and assemblies using FEA (Finite Element Analysis);

. Thermal and fluid flow analysis Computational fluid dynamics (CFD);

. Multi-body dynamics(MBD) & Kinematics;

. Analysis tools for process simulation for operations such as casting, molding, and die press forming.

. Optimization of the product or process.

. Safety analysis of postulate loss-of-coolant accident in nuclear reactor using realistic thermal-hydraulics code.

In general, there are three phases in any computer-aided engineering task:

. Pre-processing – defining the model and environmental factors to be applied to it. (typically a finite element model, but facet, voxel and thin sheet methods are also used)

. Analysis solver (usually performed on high powered computers)

. Post-processing of results (using visualization tools).

Experiment No. 2

AIM: To study various commands in pro E used in 3-D modeling.

1. Extrude :this command is used to make 3-D model.

2. Rotate :this command is used to make models symmetrical about an axis. 3. Hole :this command is used to cut different type of holes through model. Example:

: Uses predefined rectangle as the drill hole profile. : Uses standard hole profile as the drill hole profile.

: Lets us add countersink to the hole that we create.

: Lets us add counter bore to the hole that we create. 4. Round :this command is used to round the sharp edges of desired radius. 5. Edge Chamfer : this command is used to chamfer the sharp edge at desired angle.

6. Shell : this command is used to shell give thickness to a solid model instead of complete solid model.

7. Pattern : this command is used to make a part at many points creating patterns such as dimension, direction, axis, table etc.

Experiment No. 3

AIM: Modeling of simple machine parts and its component.

Command used :- extrude, revolve, mirror, shell, round, chamfer,pattern, datum plane, datum axis.