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'Keeping a Peace Process on Track' a Comparative Study Visit Report

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‘Keeping a Peace Process on Track’ A Comparative Study Visit Report Dublin, Dundalk and Belfast 19th – 23rd April 2015 2 ‘Keeping a Peace Process on Track’ A Comparative Study Visit Report Dublin, Dundalk and Belfast 19th – 23rd April 2015 3 Published by Democratic Progress Institute 11 Guilford Street London WC1N 1DH United Kingdom www.democraticprogress.org [email protected] +44 (0)203 206 9939 First published, 2015 ISBN: 978-0-9930751-9-3 © DPI – Democratic Progress Institute, 2015 DPI – Democratic Progress Institute is a charity registered in England and Wales. Registered Charity No. 1037236. Registered Company No. 2922108. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee or prior permission for teaching purposes, but not for resale. For copying in any other circumstances, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher, and a fee may be payable.be obtained from the publisher, and a fee may be payable 4 ‘Keeping a Peace Process on Track’ ~ A Comparative Study Visit Report Contents Session 1: Introduction & Agenda ..............................................7 Dinner Reception at the Residence of the Turkish Ambassador to Ireland ......................................................................................12 Session 2: Roundtable Discussion: Conflict Resolution in Ireland: An Overview of the Irish Peace Process .....................................14 Session 3: Roundtable Discussion: Perspectives from the Irish Government on the Role of international Actors in the Good Friday Agreement – Past and Present ........................................29 Tour of the Dáil Éireann (Irish Parliament), Houses of the Oireachtas ................................................................................51 Session 4: Roundtable with members of the Joint Committee on the Implementation of the Good Friday Agreement .................54 Dinner Reception with International Guests at the Shelbourne Hotel ........................................................................................66 Session 5: Roundtable with former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern: The Good Friday Agreement Negotiations ......................................68 Session 6: Roundtable Discussion with Liz O’Donnell: The Mitchell Principles in Practice ..................................................86 Session 7: Roundtable Discussion with Dermot Ahern: Setting the Scene for the Good Friday Agreement ..............................101 Session 8: Roundtable Discussion with the Northern Ireland Office:The Role of the British Government in the Good Friday Agreement ..............................................................................115 5 ‘Keeping a Peace Process on Track’ ~ A Comparative Study Visit Report Session 9: Roundtable Discussion with Sinn Féin Members of Parliament: The Role of international Actors in Moving from Armed Struggle to a Political Solution ....................................129 Session 10: Roundtable Discussion with Senator George Mitchell: Facilitating a Peace Process .....................................................142 Session 11: Roundtable Discussion with Jeffrey Donaldson MP: Perspectives on international Actors and the Decommissioning Body in Northern Ireland .......................................................153 Session 12: Roundtable Discussion with Former Prisoners: The Role of International Actors in Civil Society Engagement with the Good Friday Agreement .........................................................162 Private Tour of Belfast’s ‘Peace Walls’ and Interface Areas........174 6 ‘Keeping a Peace Process on Track’ ~ A Comparative Study Visit Report Sunday 19th April 2015 Session 1: Introduction & Agenda Venue: The Westbury Hotel, Dublin, Ireland Eleanor Johnson, DPI Head of Programmes, welcoming participants to Dublin and discussing the Comparative Study Visit agenda. Eleanor Johnson: Welcome and good evening. Hosgeldiniz! It is a pleasure to see you all. Welcome to Dublin on behalf of the Democratic Progress Institute. Tonight, we will have dinner at the Turkish Ambassador’s private residence in Killiney, so I not take too long. I would like to give you an overview of the programme and the days ahead of us. First of all, I wish to apologise on behalf of DPI’s Director Kerim Yildiz, who was called away for urgent work this evening and so is unable to join us. He will be with you later this evening or tomorrow. I am delighted to see Mr 7 ‘Keeping a Peace Process on Track’ ~ A Comparative Study Visit Report Ali Bayramoğlu, member of our Council of Experts, with us and it is a pleasure to see new faces as well. Let us discuss our agenda. In front of you, you will find documents with summaries of the Good Friday Agreement, the Sunningdale Agreement, and the St. Andrews Agreement. They may be useful texts to keep with you. You will also find background reading materials and agendas in your pack. Most of you will be familiar with the background of DPI but I will give you a short summary. DPI was established in 2010 by a number of conflict resolution experts from many different countries around the world, including Turkey and others ranging from Peru, South Africa, and Ireland. By now we have formed a number of programmes focusing on conflict resolution, including the Turkey programme, of which this visit is part. We are also working in Syria, Afghanistan and we also carry out work in relation to Colombia, the Basque Country, and other regions internationally. The aims and objectives of DPI are to broaden the bases for dialogue and conflict resolution. This is done mainly through study visit such as this one, as well as roundtable meetings in Turkey. A larger study visit was held last year in which a number of you participated. We also have an in depth research programme at DPI and you can find our research reports on our website. Most of them are translated into Turkish, some into Kurdish, and all are available in English. Our roundtables take place in various areas of Turkey, most recently in Istanbul and also in regional areas such as Urfa, Van, and Mardin. We hope to have more roundtables of this kind in different regions in Turkey 8 ‘Keeping a Peace Process on Track’ ~ A Comparative Study Visit Report soon. Topics include the role of the media in conflict resolution, the role of women in conflict resolution and how civil society can play a role in conflict resolution. DPI’s comparative studies visits have been taking place in a number of countries looking at post-conflict societies to gain from international experiences. The governments of each respective country visited host all visits such as this one. For example, in South Africa we looked at the democratic transition process, in Germany we looked at governance issues and constitutional affairs, and in Wales and Scotland we looked at the role of language, devolution, and education. We also paid a number of visits to Ireland and Northern Ireland, which many people have found useful. Over the next year we are planning a comparative visit to the Philippines, as well as other roundtable meetings in Turkey on topics such as transitional justice, the role of civil society, dealing with the past, the choreography of peace process and others. I will be here along with Esra whom you all know; Mr. Yildiz will join us later. We are happy to answer any questions you may have about DPI’s work. Let’s turn to the agenda. We have a full programme and we will meet as many actors in the peace process as possible. Some of them can be difficult to get hold of, as some are not based in Ireland so we are privileged to be in a position to meet them. We arranged roundtables for you with key actors from the peace process, for example Bertie Ahern, the former Prime Minister of Ireland. We aim to meet most key figures of the Good Friday Agreement, such as US Senator George Mitchell, a name you will hear mentioned a lot due to his chairing role in the Good Friday Agreement talks and as a US Special Envoy. The visits will take place here in Dublin today and tomorrow, and then in Dundalk, which is a border town between Ireland and Northern Ireland, to meet with 9 ‘Keeping a Peace Process on Track’ ~ A Comparative Study Visit Report Dermot Ahern, former Minister of Foreign Affairs. The visit will end in Belfast, with two nights spent there. We want you to get as much out of this visit as possible, so please ask questions to speakers and make the most of your time with them. As a short recap of our plans for the next few days the agenda and biographies of speakers you will be meeting are in your packs. Dinner this evening is hosted by the Turkish ambassador to Ireland who will be joined by Sir David Reddaway, the former British Ambassador to Ireland and to Turkey. Tomorrow we will have a full day in the centre of Dublin. In the morning we will meet with the CEO of the Glencree Peace and Reconciliation Centre, who will talk about the role they played as a civil society organisation during the Troubles and the peace process. He will also give an overview of the conflict before we go into more technical detail with other speakers. He is a good person to ask about factual questions and will provide a comprehensive overview for you. We will then be leaving for Iveagh House, which houses the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, where we will have a meeting with the Conflict Resolution Unit of the Department, followed by a private tour through Parliament with the Department of Foreign Affairs. We will be meeting with members of the Joint
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