THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Brunel bridge discovered o lronbridge waterways weekend o letters TICCIH in Romania o Crossness steam o Smithfield in danger o TV news o Scotland Timely rescue of Brunel's canal bridge

A newly discovered l.K. Erunel iron bridge of London terminus, the parish vestry required then 1838, which carried Bishop's Bridge Road across to provide a public road access across the station the Grand l/nion (formerly Grand Junction) Canal site. At one end this had to climb abruptly from INDUSTRIAL at Paddington (TQ 264881 59) in west London, the Harrow Road to pass over the canal, which will have been conpletely removed by early May here paralleled the railway at a higher level. In ARCHAEOLOGY for a najor road widening scheme. lts carefully order to achieve a gradient of 1 in 20 and dismantled cast ironwork and facing bricks will maintain navigational headroom, Brunel (as the L29 have been put into temporary storage, for re- railway's chief engineer) was obliged to adopt S 2o,o,4 erection when a suitable place for that can be cast-iron girders for the canal bridge to minimise confirned and funds raised. lt is hoped it may not its constructional depth. This seems to have been Honorary President be far from the original site. Meanwhile the his first use of the material in a bridge. Brick or Prof Angus Buchanan structure has been carefully recorded by cast-iron arches would have risen too high and 13 Hensley Road, Bath BA2 2DR neasurement and photography. wrought-iron girders had not yet been developed. Chairman confirmed in his lvlike Bone Brunel's reasoning on this is Sunnyside, Avon Close, Keynsham, Bristol B53l 2UL Malcolm Tucker letter to the canal company. Vice-Chairman To keep the girders to practical lengths he Prof Marilyn Palmer Railway used two spans, one of 35 feet (10.67 m) clear School of Archaeological Studies, The University, When, In 1837, the Great Western Leicester LEl 7RH Company finally decided on Paddington for their width as the main navigational span, for two Secretary Barry Hood 7 Loch Way, Kemnay, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire AB51 5QZ Treasurer Richard Hartree Stables Cottage, Sibford Fenis, Banbury OXl 5 5RE lA Review Editor Dr David Gwyn Nant y Felin, Llanllyfni Road, Pen y Groes, Caernarfon LL54 6LY lA News Editor Dr Peter Stanier 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury Dorset 5P7 8LF Aff iliated Societies off icer Prof Ray Riley 8 Queen's Keep, Clarence Parade, Southsea P05 3NX Conference Secretary Tony Parkes 60 School Lane, Hill Ridware, Rugeley WSI 5 3QN Endangered 5ites Officer Dr Mike Nevell University o{ l\4anchester Archaeology unit, University of lVanchester,orford Road. Nlanchester M13 9PL Iibrarian and Archivist lohn Powell do IGMI lronbridge, , TF8 7DQ Publicity Officer Jonathan Briggs 46 Atrowsmith Drive, Stonehouse GL1 0 2QR Recording Awards Officer Dr Victoria Beauchamp 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, Sheffield 56 5Bl Sales Officer Roger Ford Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth WV1 5 6AF Council Members Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards) Dr Paul Collins (Partnerships) David Lyne (Conservation Award) lVlichael Messenger Dr Mary Mills Peter Neaverson (AlA Abstracts; Book Review Editor) Honorary Vice-Presidents Sir Neil Cossons John Home Stuart B. Smith Liaison Officer 5imon Thomas AIA Office, 5chool of Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH

A 01 1 6 252 5337, Fax:01 16 252 5005 e-mail:AlA@le ac uk Website:

www i nd ustria | -archaeology.org.uk

COVER PICTURE John Brown's Shipyard on the Clyde, now mostly demolished, with the exception of the Giant Cantilevel Titan crane built by Sir William Arrol & Company in 1907 $ee regional report on Scotland, page l2) Underside of the main span of the bridge Photo' Malcolm Tucker Photo: Crown Copyright: RCAHMS

2 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 barges to pass each other alongside the towpath, the other of 16 feet (4.88 m) for barges using the busy wharves on the offside. This was evidently unsatisfactory to Brunel's architecturally sensitive eye and so, to maintain symmetry at least on paper, he designed a further span of 16 feet behind the towoath. This was faced to match the canal spans, although closed by recessed walls to hide a conventional brick barrel vault within. This was the start of the viaduct across the station site, Also for sake of appearance, he formed the undersides of the girders as shallow segmented arcs and hid their side faces behind brickwork, with classical entablatures of frieze and cornice in Portland stone and smart, cast-iron parapets. The piers stood forward as pilasters between the spans and to close the ends. The bridge was 40 feet (1 2.2 m) wide between the parapets. Thus the bridge remained until around 1909, when the open parapets were replaced by high walls of red brickwork and views of the canal Bulb+opped girders with cross-beans and tie rods, with concrete infill Photo: Malcolm Tucker were cut off from the road, Also, this part of the canal remained inaccessible to the general public after the other London towpaths were opened as

footpaths in the 1 970s. Thus concealed, the canal bridge's survival as a Brunel relic of interesting design went unrecognised by historians, although some railway enthusiasts claim his association with it as common knowledge. The key identification was made by Steven Bridle of English Heritage. He had found a Brunel notebook in the Public Record Office with careful sketches and a tabulation of the proof load tests on the bridge's girders. 0n gaining access to the bridge in May 2003, he found Brunel's structure intact. But a major road contract that would sweep it away had already been signed. Fortunately, Westminster City Council has risen to the occasion, and has been able to fund the extra costs of dismantling rather than demolishing the bridge, within a tight construction programme. The details of the bridge's ironwork have proved particularly interesting, and indicative of Brunel's unceasing originality. The girders have an Distinctive bull-nosed end of main bridqe qirder Photo. Malcolm Tucker unusual bulb section to the too boom. This has a greater cross-sectional area than the bottom flange, contrary to Hodgkinson's principle of making cast-iron bottom flanges considerably larger than the top (in proportion to the material's inferior strength in tension compared with compression). Did Brunel look upon the pronounced sickle shape of these girders as forming an arch, with the top boom taking an extra compression force? He did not provide end bearings for that, but incidental arching will have helped withstand heavy modern traffic. Curiously, the shape anticipated Brunel's'balloon' flanges in wrought iron, despite the major differences of the two materials. The plates in the soffit that supported the lime-concrete deck fill are also unusual. ln the main span, they arched longitudinally between cross beams which stabilised the girders, while in the small span they arched laterally from girder to girdel, like jack arches. I have had the privilege of recording all these features in detail on behalf of English Heritage. General view ofthe main span of Brunel's Paddington bridge, with later brick parapet Photo Malcolm Tucker

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 3 The 2OO4 lronbridge Weekend

The annual AIA lronbridge Weekend was held Following coffee, Stephen Rowson spoke on aqueduct of c1192 which crosses a former this year held on j-4 April at the lronbridge the canal boats of , a district where turnpike road at Aqueduct. lt was restored in lnstitute in the Long Warehouse, . the canals developed independently of each other 2001 as a memorial footbridge. We then moved This year's subjed was on lnland Waterways and and therefore had their own differences. The on in pouring rain to the site of Donnington attracted a full house. We heard speakers on a bargees did not live on their boats, although furnaces where we scrambled through bushes to wide variety of topics and the following account small overnight accommodation cabins were see a brick-arched bridge over the Donnington is but a brief sunmary. fhanks go to Ray Riley, available for when needed. lan Wright joined in Wood Canal (this would be very overgrown in the AIA affiliated societies officer, who organised and showed slides dating from 1943 when he summer). From here we crossed a modern road to this successful weekend and also contributed paft first started photographing the Glamorganshire ascend the course of the Wrockwardine Wood of this report. Canal. This experience makes him a living link inclined plane of the . Finally, between the working canals and the present day. those of the rather soggy party who could keep In the final morning presentation, lan Wright up were rushed to Old Hall where we had Ford Roger raised the interesting question of Foxton, where it access to private property to see traces of another is intended to construct a working replica of the inclined plane. Ihe wooded site also has William John Crompton chaired the first morning's steam-operated inclined plane that enabled boats Reynold's tunnels, a complex of brick-arched lectures, first off being Mike Messenger on the to bypass the two five-lock staircases until its tunnels built for an unknown purpose and still Liskeard & Looe Union Canal (on which he has abandonment due to lack of traffic in 1910. extant. The highlight of this visit was the written the book), an example of a canal that was Already a boiler house has been built (from a invitation by local children to see more tunnels in truly overwhelmed by success. Earlier proposals recycled Methodist chapel), the pub at the foot of their garden next door! for a canal along the 8-mile valley had included a the locks is making way for a visitor centre with The evening dinner was held in the New Inn contour route of '15 miles! The canal was opened restaurant and shop, together with a car park. The at Blists Hill, following which we had the in '1828 to convey sand and lime inland for site is said to attract 350,000 visitors per annum. traditional'quiz' hosted by Ray Riley. Breaking agricultural purposes, but the opening of the Since the intention is to construct the replica with tradition, though, it was possible for most of Caradon copper mines after 1837 so swamped it inclined plane on top of the original ong this puts us to answer more than 5 per cent of this year's with mineral traffic that it was unable to cope, the boating lobby in direct conflict with industrial illustrated questions! prompting the construction of a railway alongside archaeologists. The question was also raised On Sunday morning Peter Stanier was in the in 1859. whether such a multi-million pound project was chair to introduce David Alderton on the subject Stephen Capel-Davies of the Thames really worthwhile, when negotiating the staircase of East Anglian waterways. Ihese, David stressed, Conservancy next gave a dissertation on Thames locks is already one of the highlights for boaters. were not canals but were built to enable the locks and weirs. The navigable section of the river Saturday afternoon's field trip was led by Neil coasting traffic to access towns they could not has a 230-foot drop but millers and trading boat Clarke. The tour took the form of a car convey otherwise reach. Unfortunately the projector owners were in constant conflict. the mill weirs negotiating Telford's confusing roads and decided to eat rather than exhibit the slides, but were an obstacle even though they impounded roundabouts to visit the former sites of canals David continued with a fascinating account of the river sections of deep water. Flash locks were and inclined planes. We first went to Aqueduct peculiarities which made these waterways so inserted to allow through navigation but they where we were shown the line of the Shropshire different. were under the control of the millers who Canal's longest tunnel, which was leased to the Jonathan Briggs of British Waterways sometimes kept boats waiting for days if not LNWR in 1849 and replaced with a branch followed, talking about the conservation, weeks. The first three pound locks were railway through an open cutting. An original management and future re-instatement of the constructed in 1608, whilst the last paddle- bridge at the junction of the Coalbrookdale and 'Cotswold Canals', namely the Stroudwater and controlled flashlock was built in 1910 and lasted canal branches still exists in the Ihames & Severn Canals (including Sapperton until 1 938. undergrowth. More impressive is the original Tunnel). He first screened a short film produced to promote the Cotswolds Canal scheme, showing the wide range of enthusiastic and interested parties from district and parish councils to local inhabitants. A 93-page conservation management plan is being produced, which has to include a biodiversity action plan, a habitat action plan and a species action plan, all of it

One of William Reynold's nystery tunnels, seeningly nothing to do with canals but of great interest to the AIA Field visit leader Neil Clarke showing AIA delegates the course of the Shropshire Canal's tunnel at Aqueduct, latel vkiting patty photo: convefted to a railway cutting Photo: Peter Stanier steve Dewhirst

4 INDUSTRIAL AR.HAEoLOGY NEWS 129 AIA delegates pose for a group portrait beneath the aqueduct at Aqueduct Standing in a disused canal bed sonewhere in Telford, Ray Riley tties unsuccessfully to Photo: Petet Staniel explain that the rain is not his fault Photo: Peter Stanier

tailored to obtain heritage lottery funding. 2000 with the intention of reopening the canal but comprised a wide range of items which could Mike Nevell, Director of the University of link between Telford and the national network. just as easily be moved by barge as by horse and Manchester Archaeology Unit, was the last main He gave a brief history of the canal before cart. Food and household items such as candles speaker, on the topic of canal warehouses. He discussing the consultants' report, undertaken at and furniture were canied, and moreover goods made specific reference to a survey of 60 a cost of f20,000. No major engineering came from as far as London, Birmingham and surviving structures in the North West, most problems are envisaged, even though a tunnel Ellesmere Port. dating from the 1770s to 1840s. He showed how will have to be constructed because of later Mike Clarke's subject was the little-known it was possible to group them into four main roadworks, and a lock re-sited for the same linking with the River classes, beginning with split-level warehouses, reason. Five District Councils have given their Ribble to the north, which only operated between some of which reached enormous proportions. support to the project, which is just as well since 1741 and 1781. He has been studying the Ihe movement, storage and transhipment of food the cost over 10 years is likely to be f86 million! navigation and believes that the lock of 1760 at products was seen to be an important factor in Peter Brown filled in more detail on this canal Sollom may be the oldest surviving original lock the fast-expanding towns of the region during the in a talk aboutWappenshall Junction Wharf. From in the country. Equally, a 1740 weir may also have period. his researches into the wharf's traffic between a similar distinction. The weekend ended with short contributions 1 835 and 1 850, he was able to demonstrate what David Vinel who has recently published a from six members. Rodney Pitt represented the some of us have long suspected, that canal traffic book on the Thames & Severn Canal, gave a lucid & Newport Canals Trust, formed in was by no means restricted to bulk commodities, description of the warehouses and the five lengthman's roundhouses on the canal. The structures are notable for their use of local materials and the way they match local vernacular architecture. Because of the unusual shape of the roundhouses, now in residential use, they command substantial prices on the housing market. The Fenland navigation and drainage network is nothing if not complex; Henry Gunston treated the audience to a lightening expos6 of some of the solutions put in place over a long period, including the work of the Dutch water engineer Vermuyden in the seventeenth century. Concluding this feast of goodies, Ron Martin commented with admirable brevity on the recent restoration of a water-driven scooo wheel at Orford lock on the Wey & Arun Canal near Billingshurst. AIA Chairman Mike Bone brought the proceedings to a close, thanking all those who had taken part as well as the staff at lronbridge, including John Powell, who had made the event possible. Next year's weekend will again be on a

The Aqueduct aqueduct Photo: Peter Stanier selected theme.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 5 PHOTO FEATURE

TWO CONVERSIONS IN THE SOUTH

Right: The Albert Warehouse, Gloucester Docks, seen here in May 2001, lt is shown in almost its original state when it housed the Robert Opie collection of advertising and packaging, which closed in October 2001 . The building has since been converted into apartments, with some inevitable change in its appearance.

Below:Bliss Mill, Chipping Norton, is a successful conversion of a former mill building to residential accommodation, photographed in April 2002.

Photos: Graham Vincent

6 TNDUSTRIAL AR.HAE)LOGY NEWS 129 PHOTO FEATURE

LOCH KATRINE WATER SUPPLY

The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland has recently completed a photographic record of the Loch Katrine water supply scheme.

Top left and centre:The intake basins at Royal Cottage, from which water is taken down a 26-mile system of tunnels, conduits and aqueducts to the Mugdock and Craigmaddie reservoirs at Milngavie, prior to distribution in Glasgow.

Top right: Detail of one of the two tunnel entrances at Royal Cottage on Loch Katrine.

/er?. View of the dam at the west end of Loch Arklet, completed in 1909 and built to divert the water of the loch from flowing into Loch Lomond, taking it instead eastwards into Loch Katrine, and then on to Glasgow.

Photos: Crown Copyright RCAHMS

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 7 NEWS

TICCIH News Those AIA members who attended the Scottish conference in 2002 will remember lrina lamandescu from Romania. In September 2003, she and her colleagues at the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs organised the third in a series of Industrial Archaeology workshops, this time formally in association with TlCClH, and based around the city of Cluj-Napoca in Transylvania. It commenced with delegates assembling in Bucharest, after which the ministry's bus transported a mix of international and local participants through the Carpathian mountains to Cluj. En route, the opportunity was taken to visit the extraordinary Astra Museum of Traditional Folk Civilisation at Sibiu, have been reassenbled at the Astra Museum of an open-air museum featuring re- TtCCtH detegates exanining one of the nany windmills from all over Romania which fraditional Folk Civilisation at Sibru Photo: Miles Oglethorpe sited examples of wind and water mills of every conceivable type. A tour of the city of Sibiu itself was also fascinating, particularly because of the success of its innovative urban conservation policies. In Cluj itself, visits included local glass and leather factories, a water works, and an early example of a municipal hydro-electric plant. However, perhaps the most impressive was the Remarul locomotive works, which, as well as maintaining diesel engines, continues to reoair steam locomotives from all over Europe. The theme of railways was important because of the number of recent line closures within Romania. and a major theme for discussion was the role industrial heritage might have both in the resuscitation such railways, but also the of in TICCIH delegates with one of several stean locomotives awaiting repair at the Renarul Loconotive Works in Clui Napoca, Ronania regeneration of isolated areas cut Photo: Miles 0glethorpe off by the closures. Further afield, there were visits Since this workshop, our time in Oberhausen, Germany, from this space! Readers can also find out to the amazing salt mines at nearby Romanian hosts have kindly invited 24-26 )une.In the following month, more be visitingTlCClH's website at: Turda, to the iron-workers'village at TICCIH to stage a future meeting of there will be the fourth in TICCIH's http://www.mnactec .com/TlCCl H/ Rimetea, and to picturesque town of the Mines Section in Romania. This series of Latin American Miles Oglethorpe Sighisoara, a UNE5C0 World would be entirely appropriate, given conferences, this time in Lima, Peru, UK TICCIH National Representative Heritage Site. On the return journey the wealth of mining activity in the from 11 to 18 July. More affiliated to Bucharest, the trip included a visit country. Howeve[ in the meantime, conferences are planned in Nonruay to Rosia Montana, a gold mining the next meeting of the Mines and Poland in 2005. Thanks to lA after all centre dating from Roman times, Section is to occur in Slovenia in Before then, howevel there is to A small item 'lndustrial History No and now threatened with mid-April, and promises to be be a TICCIH Board meeting and Thanks!' in lA News 126, Autumn obliteration by a Canadian-based fascinating. gathering of national 2003, reported that industrial multinational mining consortium. Meanwhile, work by the Textiles representatives in Barcelona in June heritage was the least popular Back in Bucharest, there was also Section is ticking over in the 2004. There will be a lot to discuss, category of 500 projects receiving time for some overseas participants background, and it is hoped that not least the establishment of grant aid from the Local Heritage to explore what is not only a truly more thematic sections will be reoresentative national TICCIH Initiative, administered by the fascinating city, but also one which established in due course. A structures in individual countries. Countryside Agency. Some is rapidly being overtaken by the specialist TICCIH Museums section We will need to consider how this clarification of the categories and forces of capitalism. is also convening a meeting, this might be done in the UK, so watch criteria for allocation seemed

8 INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 NEWS necessary and the Local Heritage was indeed a memorable occasion. rising prices for scrap iron, fuelled by viewers can support their own local Initiative has helpfully explained Visits by appointment are now the growing economy in China. buildings and start their own that: possible, to book telephone 020 These easily portable artefacts can campaigns. Viewers will also be (a) there were only five categories in 831 1 371 1 on a Sunday or Tuesday be of great historic interest and treated to a 'taster' of what's to the first place. between 10.00am and 3.00pm. See there are very serious implications come in the main series this summer (b) the categories were archaeology, website: www.crossness.org.uk here for the preservation of out when seven one-hour programmes industry, natural environment, lhe postal address is Crossness industrial heritage. Protectors of will each be devoted to an area of built environment, and Engines Trust, Crossness Sewage historic iron beware! the UK and focus on three traditional culture and customs. Treatment Works, Belvedere Road, properties at risk in that region. The (c) the industry category had 48 AbbeyWood, London SE2 9AQ. Steel City: A Time Team 2l buildings that the nation must projectl equal to 9.6% of the Robeft Carr choose between will be announced Special total. in due course. The Channel 4 Time Team series (d) some industry projects, for Don't butcher Industrial buildings feature screened 'Steel City: A Time Team instance on old canals and among this year's contenders. They Smithfield Special' on 22 March. Viewers were railways, were classified as include the Lion Salt Works, Don't Butcher Smithfield is the title shown work ARCUS archaeology, the most popular the of Northwich, Cheshire (North Region), of a publication by SAVE Britain's (Archaeological Research and caIegory. the last remaining pan salt works in Heritage highlight vigorous Consultancy at the University of (e) some projects with an industrial its Britain using traditional techniques threatened Sheffield), which has been element, for instance about challenge to the and one of only three left in the demolition of 'one of the grandest excavating Sheffield's industrial towns and river valleys, were western world; the ruins of South processions market buildings in sites prior to redevelopment for over placed in the traditional culture of Caradon copper mine (South West); Europe.' Unfortunately, the General six years. Two sites of interest and customs category. Knockando Wool Mill (Scotland), a Market is set in a high-value part of (reported in lA News | 28, pages 14- A re-anangement of the allocation listed woollen mill that has been city London and is under 1 5) included the excavation of a would strengthen the industry the of working continuously for the past immediate threat of demolition by cementation furnace at the Marshall category and at the same time 300 years; and Y Dolydd Workhouse, the Corporation of London for yet Works site and the Wisewood Forge reduce the importance of the others. Llanfyllin (Wales) which is was rebuilt after the To say, as the item did, that more office development, even site. The latter impressive architecturally and one though study has shown that 'Great Flood'(said to be Britain's industrial projects fell 'far behind' a of the few remaining examples of its viable schemes for re-use exist. worst man-made disaster) when the those in other categories can hardly rype. There has been market at Sheffield Watennrorks Co.'s new Dale be sustained. a 'Restoration', which is being since 1 'l and the Dyke dam collapsed on 11 March Ray Riley Smithfield 23 produced by Endemol UK for BBC gallons buildings now occupying the site 1864 and sent millions of of Scotland, is cunently in production valley, were the response of the water down the Loxley and is due to be transmitted on BBC Crossness steaming shops Corporation of London to the 1849 destroying over 500 factories, Two this summer. year 0n Sunday 4 April this a very Royal Commission into the safety of and houses; more than 200 people grand steaming event took placed trading livestock in the city centre. died. Long-term lectures at Crossnest thamesmead, South Sir Horace Jones designed the During the programme it was East London. One of the four Metropolitan Meat & Poultry Market refreshing to hear an archaeologist thrive identical triple-expansion beam of 1868, which was followed by the enthusing that industrial The Surrey Industrial History Group's engines,'Prince Consort', now is General Market in 1883, and then archaeology is indeed 'real' 29th series of 1 1 fortnightly lectures steamable on all three cylinders and the Triangular Block and Red House archaeology and a vital tool in begins on 28 September at the to celebrate the 139th anniversary in 1888-99 and 1899. The Poultry explaining the lives of our more University of Surrey, Guildford. of the opening of the Southern Market burned down in 1958 and recent predecessors where we are Wide-ranging topics include paper Outfall Works at Crossness by HRH was replaced with a new domed hall finding that documents and other making, canal lifts, straw hats, 4 April 1865, the Prince of Wales on by T.P. Bennet, which is now listed records do not tell the complete sound mirrors, John Logie Baird and beam guests were allowed into the Grade ll. Surprisingly, the threatened story. television, WWll boatwomen, the engine house in groups to witness in General Market buildings and the Wealden iron industry Robert Mann the four largest motion one of Red House cold store are unlisted. Restoration TV Lowne and Inspiration and rotative beam engines in the world. have suffered from Perspiration. Details from Stuart All the buildings Last summer 'Restoration' was a It was most impressive. 'years Chrystall (5lHG lectures), Dene of deliberate neglect' in this huge success when two and a half 'Prince Consort' has been just Lodge, Drovers Way, Ash Green, historic oart of London. million BBC viewers voted for their steamable for about nine months Aldershot, Hampshire GU12 6HY. The extremely informative favourite building at risk to be and a very special streaming had report is available for f5, including rescued from ruin. A total of f3.5 already taken place but this was an p+p from SAVE Britain's Heritage, million was raised towards the Laxey gets another big opportunity for a more public 70 Cowcross Street, London ECI M winning building, Victoria Baths in celebration with, apart from visits to wheel 6EJ, 8 020 7253 3s00. Manchester. the beam engine house, a speech of A 50-ft diameter watenruheel made Now BBC Two viewers are set to welcome by Peter Bazalgette, by the Hawarden iron works in Cast-iron robbery have another chance to make their Chairman of the Crossness Engines Flintshire was first set to work in There have been recent press mark on history. This spring, a 60- Trust, and a lavish English tea. A 1865 at the Snaefell Mine on the lsle reports of man-hole covers minute launch programme, comment overheard -'twenty years of Man. lt last worked pumps via a disappearing from streets in presented by Griff Rhys Jones, will ago I hardly expected to live to see 1/+mile flat-rod at a china clay pit Gloucestershire, Cambridgeshire, unveil a further 21 threatened this' - summed uo the mood of the on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall in and Norfolk, leaving architectural gems across the UK, day. When GLIAS was founded Lincolnshire 1920-34. Acquired by the Trevithick behind gaping holes and bills of whose fate will be in the hands of 'Gawns c1 968 one of the objectives of Society, the Wheel' was thousands of pounds for the local viewers when the series returns in industrial archaeology in London dismantled in 1971 and was sent councils replace them. is the summer. The programme will was the restoration of the engines to lt five years later to the Mid Wales suggested that this result from also feature information on how at Crossness. Sunday 4 April 2004 Mining Museum at Llywernog.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 9 NEWS

Hopes of re-erecting the wheel were oosted on the website: never realised, but now all these www.waterworksmuseum.org. uk. years later the pieces have been shipped back to the lsle of Man Kew steams away with where the Laxey Mines Research events Grouo will erect the wheel on the usual weekend washing floors in time for the 72-ft Apart from the steaming of its giant beam engines, Lady lsabella Wheel's 150th Bridge Steam Museum annrversary. the Kew holds a number of events throughout the year. On 6-7 March Tangye engine the live history event 'Meet the centenary at Brede Pioneers', enabled the public to 'meet' Dr John SnoW the first person The Brede Steam Engine Society is celebrating this year's centenary of to orove that cholera was a water- Joseoh the Tangye pumping engine on 17- borne disease and Bazalgette, who designed and built l8 July. Many attractions are planned to interest all ages at the London's first integrated sewer system. The Stirling Hot Air Brede Waterworks, Brede, Ryg East fifth Engine Rally was held in association Sussex. The society's website is: wwwbredesteam.supanet.com. with the Stirling Engine Society on 4 April, while 24-25 April saw 'Jhe Magic of Mecanno Show'. The Hereford popular annual Historic Fire Engine refurbishments Rally returns on 16 May. For fufther Major refurbishment at the information on events, I 020 8568 Watenryorks Museum, Hereford, has 4157. or visit the website: recently seen the main building www.kbsm.org. shrouded in scaffolding and re- roofed in Penrhyn slates (from the Rope bridge sways same Welsh quarry as the originals). Recent attempts were made to lvy has been removed from the reduce the sway of the exhilarating chimney stack and lean-to buildings Carrick-a-Rede rope bridge on have been taken down to make way Northern lreland's Antrim coast for the new development which will after concerns over health and The Carrick-a-Rede rope bridge on the Antrin coast of Northem lreland include a new visitor centre. safety aspects. lt was erected over a Photo: M Gould education centre engine gallery and 24-metre drop to give salmon maintenance workshops. The open- fishermen access the island, but plan layout will allow adaptability elements have been replaced many with ease of access to the historic times since it was first reported in collection. The museum. which 1786. The bold crossing is now a closed last Septembe; is due to popular National Trust attraction, reopen sometime during the weather permitting! summer of 2004. lnformation will be

AIA CONFERENCE 2OO4 HERTFORDSHIRE and the LEA VALLEY

WHERE? University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield

WHEN? Pre-conference seminar Friday 13 August Main Conference Friday 13 August to Sunday 15 August Post-conference programme Sunday 15 August to Thursday l9 August Lectures will cover a variety of themes on the IA of Hertfordshire and the Lea Valley, including malting, paper-making, gunpowder making and the aircraft industry. Planned visits include Luton, Bletchley, Enfield, Hendon, Lea Valley, Essex maltings, Waltham Abbey Gunpowder Mills and the Leighton Btzzard Railway. Booking details from: The AIA Liaison Officer, AIA Office, Department of Archaeology, University of Leicester, Leicester LEl 7RH. I 0116 252 5337, Fax: 0116 252 5005, e-mail: [email protected]

1O INDUSTRIAL AR1HAE1L)GY NEWS 129 LETTERS

The Editor welcomes correspondence on all matters of interest to our readers Willans & Robinson corrections to this short and German 'kunst' becomes largely little recognition. We may extol the inexpert telling of a big chunk of irrelevant. We do need to relearn the virtues of a piece of steam engines steam history, I would be most meanings of many words such as incomprehensible art; a piece of Peter William Willans and Mark grateful. academic, intellectual, engineer, incoherent poetry; a piece of Heaton Robinson met by chance Lucy Willans historian, archaeologist, industry, unintelligible music. BUT do we while fishing. They became close Trenar, Bickington education, instruction, training and think when operating our f ully a friends and later set out on Barnstaple EX3l 2JW so forth. Living language is all very automatic photo-copier what a business venture together that E-na i I : I ucy@wi I lans.ecl ipse. co. uk well but it can and does create wonderful collection of resulted in the formation of the firm chaos and confused thinking. mechanisms, electronic circuitry and Willans & Robinson. The early days Skills, education and It is suggested that the greatest art forms we are utilising? were involved in designing and barrier of all is the education Should we not go down on our society building high speed steam engines system, the managers of which, at knees and sincerely thank the reference Mike to power yachts and launches, I write with to all levels, must clearly bear some persons who make such things worker in together with the vessels Clarke's letter'The skilled responsibility. At secondary level, possible? After all, art, poetry and themselves. Around 1879 it was society' in lA News /22. Interesting! the diversion of the able pupil, music can only exist if we have from outset discovered that these reliable, high But I must admit the whatever his/her ability or interest, leisure; leisure is created by power total speed engines were ideal to that I have never been a away from the'practical' subjects is technology; technological outcomes Rolt's writings. the early dynamo electric machines. devotee of Tom well documented. Allied with this is are dependant on skill. patenting a his Railway Adventure did This resulted in the of However, the inability, even reluctance, to I could go on, possibly have, but powerful Central Valve Engine introduce me to railway finance a meaningful education it is impossible within the confines preservation involving a triple expansion system, which, in turn, with a technological bias. How of the Newsletter to develop fully a design that resulted in a suggested and became a many schools, in their quest for the arguments set out, the mass of distinctive 'wedding cake' component of my college thesis'The credibility, opt for the specialist learned references, case studies, appearance. Over time their engines Develooment of the Steam status of 'sport' or 'media' studies? observations and research generate electricity for Locomotive and its lmolications for were used to The history of education is accumulated over a long and Leisure Pursuits', This was based ships, trains, army and navy complex; the history of obsessive career. searchlights, Buckingham Palace, upon personal experience on the 'technological' education even more To conclude, any analysis of KeW the footplate, technical knowledge and the Royal Laundry at so. Both are a mish-mash; a J. M. Barrie's The Admirable Vienna State Opera House, together recorded historical fact. Like John misunderstanding of human Creighton sums up the whole other, less Hume, had also subsequently with a host of slightly I abilities, economic requirements prob lem. Cre ig hton had a n 'interest in the role of prestigious but equally vital, missed Rolt's and political agenda. The extensive knowledge base. He generating tasks. The engines were and attitude to, the skilled worker in recommendations of royal understood the knowledge and had made at Rugby, a factory which society.'Was it really so apparent? Commissions and Acts of Parliament the expertise of application, This eventually came part of the English I must also admit that the were never implemented; they were eouates somewhat with Mike Electric combine. theme of Mike Clarke's letter took not accepted or even understood by Clarke's premise of Arkwright and Peter Willans died only a year me completely by surprise. Firstly the managers of education. Stephenson obtaining positions after being awarded the Watt Medal concerning the direction from which Research, however relevant, is still within the country', both scenarios by the Institute of Civil Engineers in it surfaced: lA Newsl But secondly, given scant regard. We teach as we being a product of time and place. 1891. Colonel R. E. B. Crompton, by the reawakening of a topic, were taught, largely perpetuating One must therefore ask, did Barrie had spent said, in tribute to him, at a meeting which I as an educator the 'grad-grind' syndrome. The really comprehend the subject of his years head of the Institute of Electrical some 37 beating my oresent National Curriculum is a play or was it just a cynical ploy to 'He a vain Engineers, was one of the most against the academic wall in disaster area. orovide and entertainment at the unassuming men, who could stand attempt to achieve. Unfortunately, it We think of 'practical' activity expense of the 'lower' orders of at your side and suggest ideas is difficult to reverse the effects of as'being good with the hands'thus society? which you found of incalculable attitudes created since the dawn of assuming that any allied thought Peter M. Hughes deeply value, and he did this in such a way civilisation and now processes begin at the wrist. The 6 Lingwood Close that you felt that the idea had come embedded in the human psyche. creation of a tangible artefact gets New Mill. Holnfinh HD9 7NN from you.' What then are the barriers, Now, over a hundred years after arising from these attitudes, which my great grandfather Peter Willans preclude this acceptance of skill? and his good friend set out on their What force drives these attitudes? business venture, I am hoping to As early development relates to the COPY DATES find the last vestiges of their work in home environment perhaps parental the form of any remaining Willans & aspiration is the initial influence. Contributors are asked to note that final copy dates for /.4 Robinson engines, whether the Perhaps rightly so, but why this .VeH,s have been changed, although only by a day. Please be smallest yacht engine, or the almost hypnotic desire for an grandest generating system. Sadly, 'academic' education for their reminded that these are the hnal dates for receivinl as technology moved steadily on, progeny? But, in many cases, in their contributions and n0t for posting them! the results of their work were enthusiasm to provide a better almost totally dismantled and 'status' they make the wrong I January for February mailing scrapped but my hope is that there choices. I could elicit manv case I April for May mailing are more engines remaining out studies. there than we know of at present. lf Language may have some I July for August Mailing anyone can help, with knowledge of bearing but as we have enough 1 October for November Mailins remaining engines, new information misunderstood words in our own to add to the family archives, or with tonoue the wide definition of the

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 11 REGIONAL NEWS

Arrol & Scotland Universities, Paisley Museum & Art 1933. This involved the shipment in be built by Sir William Galleries, and the Glasgow School June 2003 of a cargo of recycled Company. Without doubt, 2003 was not a of Art, have launched a new project aggregate from Ratho on the Union There is good news and bad particularly good year for the called 'Textiles Heritage on Line', Canal near Edinburgh to the Firhill news in the museum world in textiles industry in Scotland, the with the assistance of the Scottish Basin on the Forth & Clyde Canal in Scotland. The Dundee Heritage Trust latest casualty, Castleblair, rendering Museums Council's Strategic Glasgow. lt is hoped that this will be have just received a s-star rating the future of some of Dunfermline's Change Fund. lt is described as 'a the beginning of a revival of freight from Visit Scotland, and have finer surviving mill buildings groundbreaking cross-sector cross- traffic on the canals. Meanwhile, at managed to keep Verdant Works uncertain. Meanwhile, having held domain pilot project aiming to Inverness, the British WaterwaYs ooen. The future of the Scottish out great optimism over Plans to provide resources for researchers, Board are in the process of Maritime Museum in lrvine remains convert Broadford Works in museum curators and archivists completing a major refurbishment uncertain after a review of its Aberdeen into an urban village, the wanting information about Scottish of the Muirtown Locks at collections was commissioned by project appears to have stalled, but textile collections.' (see http://www. Clachnaharry. They are currently the Scottish Executive. Also in lrvine, the good news is that the site is still scotti shtexti les.org. ukistho/ empty, and are shrouded in huge the Millennium-funded'Big ldea', a partly in use, not all production partnerCollections/index,htm). areas of scaffolding whilst the lock science and invention centre built having yet been transfened to the At a time when the astonishing walls are re-pointed, and the gates on the southern end of Nobel's new site. lt is still hoped, therefore, stupidity of rail privatisation has repaired or replaced, all at a Explosive Factory, closed amid that the project will eventually go really begun to hit home, there is at projected cost of f2 million. considerable embarrassment and ahead. Plans to convert Johnstone least some good news for railways Elsewhere, British Aluminium's disappointment during 2003. Mill in Renfrewshire, which again is Britain. Network Rail alumina olant at Burntisland in Fife ln Falkirk, rhe Charlotte Dundas A listed, also seem to have been in commissioned million has now disappeared, not long after has returned after two years in delayed, with proposals still a f20 project for the Tay the Kinlochleven smelter oroduced Arbroath for repairs, and British awaiting approval from refurbishment Bridge, and this was completed to its last ingots of pure aluminium. In Waterways have provided a free Renfrewshire Council. 0nce again, it such high quality that it won not the west, Rolls Royce are in the berth in the Falkirk Wheel basin. is hoped that there will be a positive only a British Construction Industry process of moving production from However, Heritage Engineering outcome. Award. but also the Saltire Award their historic Hillington factory to a assess that it will take another In total contrast, great sadness for civil engineering. Network Rail new purpose-built unit at Inchinnan, fl30,000 of work to get her to full has been caused by the destruction has, in addition, continued to invest next door to the beautifully steaming condition. Meanwhile, in of both the spinning mill and heavily continuing renovated art-deco former offices of the Far East, pieces of Concorde are carding shed of Dangerfield Mill in in the maintenance and painting of the the India Tyre Factory. One continuing to arrive for reassembly Hawick in separate arson attacks once neglected Forth Bridge, which advantage of this move is that it at the Museum of Flight at East during the summer of 2003. The is also to become the subiect of a allows most employees to witness Fortune. lt also seems likely that the buildings and their contents were BBC TV documentary on'Best the oroduct of their labours in action National Museums of Scotland, of totally destroyed, and it was the coming year. at the adjacent Glasgow Airport. 0n which East Fortune is a part, will possible to salvage only a few Buildings' in Sticking with transport, the the other side of the Clyde, nothing soon be experiencing a similar re- pieces of drive shaft for potential Link seems be now remains of the once famous fabrication orocess as it is display elsewhere in the town, Millennium to prospering, the Falkirk Wheel John Brown's Shipyard at undergoing a major review. possibly at Tower Mill. continuing to attract visitors. Also Clydebank, except the A-listed Titan Having successfully avoided Unfortunately, vandalism is not significant has been the first cargo Crane, which, in 1907, and was the being de-royaled (for the moment at confined to the Scottish Borders, so shipment along the canals since first of the oiant cantilever cranes to least), RCAHMS had a busy year of it is also sad to note that the Tam o' Shanter Hone Stone Mine at Stair in Ayrshire has closed after over 200 years of operation. This extraordinary industry was well documented by D. Gordon Tucker in a booklet published by the Ayrshire Archaeological & Natural History Society in 1983. lts owner has had to cope with persistent assaults on the site of the mine itself. and of the Hone Works nearby. Indeed, it is ironic that Heron Mill, in which part of his production was based, survived the accidental delivery of some Luftwaffe incendiary bombs during World War Two, only to be attacked by local arsonists 60 years later. Also fatal to the business has been a huge rise in insurance premiums, and the cost of maintaining the mine has become prohibitive. Once the current stocks of mined stone are exhausted. the business will therefore cease. 0n a more positive note, a

consortium of participants, including Broadford Works, Aberdeen. The proposed conversion of the mills to an urban village has been delayed, but it is hoped that the plan will Heriot Watt, Glasgow and Dundee neveftheless be realised Photo: Crcwn Copyright: RCAHMs

12 INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 PUBLICATIONS

Local Society and other periodicals received divided into two sections. The first deals with models and methodologies for approaching the period in North part presents Abstracts will appear in lndustrial Archaeology Review. West . The second a series of five case studies from around the region which show how landscape and social archaeology BW Monthly, December 2003, January February & March 2004 models and methodologies have been BIAG Newsletter, l,February 2004 applied. These innovative approaches allow us to look at the archaeological monuments, landscapes, and buildings Rrewery History 112, Summer 2003 ofthe Industrial Period from the farm to the factory. Brewery History Society Newsletten 26, Winter 2003/2004. Manchester Region lndustrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 106, The February 2004 Grand Union Canal from Brentford to Braunston, by lan J.Wilson. Stroud: Tempus, 2004. 128 pp, 1 93 illus. lSBN 0 7524 2933 7 . The Mundling Stick (Lion Salt Works Trust), 9/3, Autumn 2003, 9/4, Winter f12.99. photographs 2004 A collection of historic illustrating the Grand Union canal in all seasons from where leaves the Thames Brentford, PHEW Newsletter, 100, December 2003 it at through the market towns of the Home Counties on its way Scottish lndustrial Heritage Society Bulletin,29 & 30, December 2003 to the Midlands. This book shows impact canal & March 2004 the the has had in changing the landscape through which it passes. The photographs follow the main line Society for lndustrial Archeology Newsleffer (USA), 33/1, Winter 2004 to Braunston and also journey along Paddington, Wendover, Suffolk lndustrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 34, February 2004 the Slough, Aylesbury and 0ld Stratford & Buckingham Arms. However, a route map would have been Suney lndustrial History Group Newsletter,'l 37 & 1 38, Jan & Mar 2004 useful for those who are unfamiliar with this canal.

Books Received Tramroads and their Locomotives, by Gordon The following books have been received for review in lndustrial Archaeology Rattenbury & M.J.T. Lewis. Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society, 2004. Review. 88 pp,54 illus. |SBN 0 901451 52 0. fl4.50 incl. p+p from Atlantic Publishers, Trevithick House, West End, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 8HE. Canal Boatmen's Missions, by Wendy Freer & Gill Foster. Oxford: Railway The opened in 1794 but was to be subject to & Canal Historical Society, 2004. 72 pp, 44 illus. lSBN 0 901 45'l 53 9. f 1 2.50 serious delays, and so in 1802 the Merthyr Tydfil Tramroad (sometimes incl. p+p from Atlantic Publishers, Trevithick House, West End, Penryn, known as the Penydarren Tramroad) was opened to by-pass the most heavily Cornwall TRl0 8HE. congested sections. Just tvvo years late; this tramroad was the scene of the Canal boatmen's missions, chapels and institutes were set up in England epoch-making run of Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive. In this book, from the 1820s and continued to operate into the second half of the published to mark the 200th anniversary of this event, two well-known twentieth century. They made an important contribution to the social and writers describe the history of the Merthyr Tramroad and the other moral welfare of the 'floating population' and provided not only places of tramroads in the district and the locomotives which ran on them. The history worship but also schools, recreational facilities, charitable services and of the tramroads by the late Gordon Rattenbury has not previously been medical help. The physical remains are listed and detailed and records oublished. Michael Lewis's contribution on the locomotives represents a sought to show how they were operated and by whom. revised and expanded version of his Steam on the Penydarren of 1975.

Early Railways 2, ed.by M.J.T Lewis. Newcomen Society,2003.288 pp, Pembrokeshire - The Forgotten Coalfield, by M.R. Connop-Price. illus. ISBN 0 904685. f31.50. Ashbourne: Landmark Publishing, 2004.256 pp, 1 32 illus. |SBN 1 84306 094 This volume comprises 19 papers (out of 25) which were delivered at the 9. Paperback f1 7.95. second Early Railways Conference held in Manchester in September 2001 . Pembrokeshire coal mining The well-referenced papers were rigorously refereed and are presented in began in the thirteenth century and four groups: history infrastructure, mechanical and overseas. They are ended in 195'l.Ihis book is based PEMBROKESHIRE illustrated with contemporary and modern images, maps, diagrams and on the author's research for his tables. Available from the Newcomen Society (Book Sales Dept.), P0 Box PhD thesis at the University of THE PORCOl'TON COATFIDI,I) 421, Elmswell, Bury 5t Edmunds, lP30 9XF for f35.60 incl. p+p. Wales, and is an important contribution to the history and Ecton Copper Mines Under the Dukes of Devonshire 1760-1790, by industrial archaeology of this

Lindsey Porter. Ashbourne: Landmark Publ ish ing, 2004. 240 pp, 92 i llus. ISBN fascinating mining f ield. 1 84306 125 2. Hardback fl9.95. Accompanied by many This book looks at the spectacularly profitable Ecton copper mine in the photographs, maps and diagrams, Manifold Valley in North Staffordshire when it was run by the Dukes of it gives a detailed overview of the Devonshire. After the discovery of a very rich ore body profits from the mine region's oldest industry. This little- financed, for example, the Crescent in Buxton. The author has drawn on known coalfield, which lies in a archive sources in the Devonshire Collection at Chatsworth to describe the narrow band between Carmarthen management and working of the mine as well as and smelting and Bay and 5t Brides Bay, had a transport. A detailed examination of invoices and accounts covering a 30- significant impact on the local year period has resulted in fresh conclusions on the history ofthis important economy and society. The author mine.lhe book is illustrated with maps, diagrams and photographg many of examines the geological which show underground views of the mine today. background and the development of the coalfield, along with details of landlords, labour relations, mining technology and health and safety. From Farmer to Factoty Owner: Models Methodology & Transport includes tramways and the important coal shipping trade which lndustrialisatio4 ed. by Michael Nevell. (Volume 6 lssue l6 of Archaeology was served by quays on the coast and on the Milford Haven estuary. North West) University of Manchester Archaeology Unit et al, 2003. 1 14 pp, 115 illus. lSSN 0962 4201. f10.00. The Stroudwater Navigation, by Joan Tucker. Stroud: Tempus, 2003. 192 This volume, the second in an occasional series on models and pp, 132 illus. (30 in colour). ISBN 0 7524 2806 3. fl6.99. methodology in North West archaeology, brings together many of the The 8-mile Stroudwater Navigation was opened in 1779 from Framilode leading researchers in the region to present for the first time detailed studies on the Severn to Stroud in the Cotswold foothills. Ten years later it was of the landscape and social archaeology of the industrial period. The book is linked to the Thames & Severn Canal which took trade, in effect all the wav

14 INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 REGIONAT NEWS ntrw ENGNE]ER]NC Preseruing Our Heritage For Future Generations

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22-24 Cormyle Avenue, Gtosgow, Scollond, G32 8HJ fet +0044 l4l 763 0007 Fox +0044 l4I 763 0583 sofes@herilogeengineering,com www.hefiIogeengineering.com fhe Rridge of Scottish lnvention, a retractable bridge built over the River lruine to connect the town of lruine with 'The Big ldea', which was built with the support of the Millenniun Incorporating Walter MacFarlane & Compmy Ltd Fund on the southem tip of Nobel's Explosives Works, and was intended to be a centre ol science and invention. 'The Big ldea' suffered financial difficulties in 2003 and subsequently closed Photo: Crown Copyright: RCAHMS survey, centred on finishing the REG IONAL CORRESPONDENTS photographic work on the Loch Katrine water supply scheme, and at Please support your Regional Conespondent by sending relevant material which may be of interest to our readers. Broadford Works in Aberdeen. Other Region 1: SCOTLAND Region 5: WALES work involved lighthouses on the Region 11: HOME COUNIIES Dr Miles Oglethorpe, RCAHMS, John Pat Frost, Castlering Archaeology, 6 Oxfordsh ire, Bedfordsh ire, Berkshire, north coast, including Cape Wrath, Sinclair House, l6 Bernard Terrace, Castle Ring, Pontesbury Hill, Pontesbury R ucki ngha msh i re and Hertfordsh i re and the comoletion of the measured Edinburgh EH8 9NX Shrewsbury Shropshire 5Y5 OYA Phil Monis, 7l Van Diemans Road, survey of Johnstone Mill. Historic Region 2: IRELAND Stanford in the Vale Oxon, SN7 8HW Scotland has also been active, and Region 7: WEST MIDLANDS Michael Coulter, Department of West Region 12: SOUTH EAST amongst its many projects has been Shropshire, Staffordshire, Environment, Historic Monuments and M idlands, Warwickshire, Hereford and ENGLAND sponsoring continued research into Buildings, 5-33 Hill Street, Belfast 1 Worcester Hampshire and lsle of Wight, Suney, the Monklands iron industry the NORTHERN John Powell, lronbridge Gorge Museum Sussex and Kent Ayrshire coal industry and condition Region 3: ENGLAND Cunbria, Northunberland, fyne and Trust, The Wharfage, Coach Road, Alan Thomas, 6 Birches Close, Epsom, surveys at Woodhead and Pibble Wear, Durham and Cleveland Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DQ Suney KTl8 5JG. Email: a.h.thomas@ lead mines in Dumfries & Galloway. Graham Brooks, Coomara, Carleton, Region 8: EAST MIDLANDS btinternet.com Finally, after over 25 years of Carlisle. Cumbria CA4 OBU Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Region 13: WEST OF ENGTAND activity, the Scottish Industrial Region 4: YORKSHIRE AND Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Somerset, Avon, Gloucestershire, Archaeology Panel is also to Northamptonshire HUMBERSIDE Wiltshire and Dorset undergo a review of sorts. Active David Lyne, 10 Somerville Road, North. South and West Yorkshire and Mike Bone, Sunnyside, Avon Close, participation and attendance has Leicester LE3 2ET Hunberside Keynsham, Bristol B5l8 1LQ been dwindling over the years, but Derek Bayliss, 30 Muskoka Avenue, Region 9: EAST ANGLIA Region 14: SOUIH WEST for the hard core who do attend, it Bents Green, Sheffield Sl 1 7RL Canbridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk and ENGTAND remains immensely useful. For this Essex Region 5: NORTH WEST Devon and Cornwall reason, the March meeting was David Alderton, 48 Street, ENGLAND Quay VACANI, volunteer urgently required postponed, and its future form and Halesworth, Suffolk lP19 8EY , Merseyside, Grcater function will be a major topic of Manchester and Cheshire Region 10: GREATER LONDON discussion at the next meeting, to Roger N Holden, 35 Victoria Road, Dr R.J.M. Carr, 127 Queen's Drive, be held at RCAHMS October. on 8 Stockoort SKI 4AT London N4 2BB Miles Oglethorpe

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 13 PUBLICATIONS through to London. The Stroudwater Navigation was in the hands of the original company for over 200 years and the author makes use of the company archive to record the canal's history. In addition, a range of other DOROTHEA sources, including census returns, paintings, plans and poetry help bring to life the canal's role in the social history of the region. The book is detailed IONS and the illustrations show the canal in times past and at the present when REST steps are now under way to restore the Cotswold canal systems.

The Willing Servant: A History of the Steam Locomotive, by David Ross. Stroud:Tempus,2004.352 pp,54 illus. ISBN 0 7524 2986 8. f25.00, hardback. Published to coincide with the 200th anniversary of the running of the world's first steam locomotive in South Wales, this large book traces the development and spread of this new form of power across the world. After slow beginnings, the locomotive was the sustaining force of industrial growth in Britain and Europe, it helped create the countries of the USA and Canada, it helped to bolster the Russian empire and bought about the Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric Russian revolution, and it opened up vast colonial territories.This is the first railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of history of that world-wide development, tracing the history of design, l8C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert construction and use, as well as the intriguing story of human involvement Memorial bronze deco tion work on - of all inventions it is the one which most seemed to possess a life and Ttrrbinia, Lion, Sans Pa tion, and even spirit of its own. The illustrations confirm the wide-sweeping nature of the the restoration of afalque! book, depicting locomotives in Britain, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, India, Indonesia, ltaly, New Zealand, South Africa, Syria and the USA, for exam0le. Over

ALSO RECEIVED Northern Works: New ROad;Whaley Bridgc, via Stockport, Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contaat: Dave Hodgson The Birth of a Museum, by Madge Jackson. Old Kiln Museum Trust and Tcl: (01663)'733544 Fax: (01663)'734521 Rustics,2004.26pp,20 illus. f3.50 plus f1 p+p, obtainable from the Rural Life Centre, Reeds Road, Tilford, Farnham, Suney GU1 0 2DL' Southern Works: Riverside Business Park, St Anncs Road, St The Rural Life Centre at Tilford near Farnham is the creation of a Annes Park, Bristol, BS4 4ED. Contact: Geofl'Wallis remarkable couple, Madge and Henry Jackson. Beginning with the first Tel: (01 11)9115337 Fax: (01 l1)9111617 exhibit acquired in 1967, they built up the collection from discarded or redundant farming and other equipment from rural trades and activities and first opened it to the public in 1973. Since then the collection has continued 'Rustics', to expand, from 1 990 with the help of volunteers, the to its present Association for Industrial Archaeology's Award for Fieldwork & Recording status as one of the principal museums in Surrey. and has since been one of the benchmarks for the study of the heritage of This short book has been compiled by Alexa Barrow from Madge Somerset's roads. The publication was originally grant aided resulting in Jackson's diaries and chronicles their struggles to create a home at the'Old limited editions but the Somerset Industrial Archaeological Socie$ has now Kiln'cottage (named after the adjacent hop kiln) from 1948 and to create reprinted both volumes, which are obtainable singly or in sets from G. Fitton, the museum from the late 1960s, in the face of accident, illness and tragedy. Hon. Secretary, Giles Cottage, Brent Knoll, Highbridge, Somerset TA9 4DF Madge and Henry Jackson's work was publicly honoured in 2000 by the (cheques payable to SIAS). award to both of them of the MBE.

British Anti-invasion Defences, 1940-1945, by Austin J Ruddy. Storrington: Historic Military Press,2003.32 pp, illus, ISBN 1 901313 20 4' f3.49. THE BOOK HOUSE guide network of anti-invasion This pocket reference details the The leading industrial archaeology booksellers since defences constructed in Britain during World War ll. Sited at road junctions, 1963 books on all aspects of technology & transport railway embankments, alongside canals, on farms, estates and along the - commonly called 'pillboxes' soon became beaches many of these structures, Lrsrs rssuED FnEe SEARCH SERVICE common sights throughout the country. This book provides a brief and - concise insight into the history of pillboxes, anti-tank obstacles, airfield and other defences which have survived the passing of 60 years of development Our new shop is now open, near the top of the and erosion. Well-illustrated in colour, with plans and grid references to village street, adjoining Fallowfield various examples, this book will prove a useful handbook for fieldwork. Obtainable from the publisher, Freepost SEA 11014, Pulborough, West The Book House, Fallowfield, Ravenstonedale, Sussex RH20 4BR. Kirkby Stephen, Westmoreland CAlT 4NG Telephone and Fax: 015396-23634 Somerset Roads, The Legacy of theTurnpikes, 2 volumes, by John e-mail : mail@the bookhouse.co.uk Bentley & Brian Murless. Somerset lA Society, reprinted 2004'112 & 121pp total, with extensive maps and illustrations. f7.50 per volume, plus f 1'50 Open daily except Sunday & Tuesday: 9am-5pm p+p for each copy. or visit our bookstall at many IA conferences This work was published in two volumes, Phase l, Western Somerset (1985) and Phase 2, Eastern Somerset (1987). In 1988 it received the

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 129 15 DIARY

12 JUNE 2(xt4 archaeology of the industrial period. canals and waterways. Details from THE CHANGII{G For further information and to book Dillington House, llminste4 Somerset STROUDWATER TEXTILE a place, please contact the AIA TA19 9DI I 01460 52426, e-mail: MILTS Liaison Officet Simon Thomas, dil I i [email protected]. uk, at Ebley Mill, Stroud, School of Archaeology and Ancient website wwwdillington.co.uk. Gloucestershire, a day conference History, University of Leicester, on the Changing Stroudwater Textile Leicester LE I 7RH, or email 23-25 JUIY 2004 Mills. The conference aims to [email protected]. NAM}IO CONFERENCE 04 improve the understanding of the at Coniston, organised by the history of mills in the Stroud area 26 JUNE 200,4 Cumbria Amenity Trust Mining INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOTOGY and so inform the debate about History Society, with a varied IN SHROPISHIRE their future. Contact for further programme of lectures, at Shrewsbury a one-day meeting to information: lan Mackintosh. 6 underground and surface trips. review recent research and Castle Villas, Stroud, GL5 2HB Booking forms available from developments in the lA of the 8 01453 766273, CATMHS Hon Sec, Sheila Barker, The county, organised by the Shropshire e-mail: [email protected]. Rise, Alston, Cumbria CA9 3DB. For Archaeological & Historical Society, accommodation list see lronbridge 12 JUNE 2004 supported by vr,ruwv.catmhs.co.uk. EERIAC T4 Archaeology, lronbridge Institute an Blythburgh, Suffolk , the 14th and Shropshire Records and 13-19 AUGUST z(Xt4 Eastern England Region lA Research Centre. There will be a field AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE: Conference. with visits to the trip on Sunday 27 June. Details HERTFORDSHIRE & tEA Halesworth area. For full details and available from David Poyner, 136 VALLEY booking form when available, Hoo Road, Kidderminster, at the new de Havilland Campus of olease send SAE to Mrs Brenda Worcestershire, DYl 0 1LP, e-mail: the University of Hertfordshire, Taylor; Crown House, Horsham St [email protected] reeserve.co.u k. Hatfielci. 5ee advertisement inside Faiths, Nonrvich, NR10 3JD. for some information or contact the 27-30 JUNE 2004 AIA Liaison Officer, Simon Thomas, 25-26 JUNE 2004 THE AGE OF STEAM IN THE School of Archaeology and Ancient WEST COUNTRY History, University of Leicester, WORKPL,ACE: AN AGENDA at Dillington House, llminster, Leicester LEl 7RH, email FOR INDUSTRIAT Somerset, a course examining the or [email protected]. ARCHAEOLOGY IN BRITAIN evidence for past industries in the INDUSTRIAT ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS (formerly at Nottingham University, jointly West Country landscape, with AIA Bulletin |SSN 0309-0051 ) 16.19 SEPTEMBER 2OO4 rssN 1354-1455 organised by the AIA and English lectures and two field visits to mines THIRD INTERNATIONAL Heritage, to produce an agreed and other industries around the EARTY RAILWAYS Editor: Dr Peter Stanier national research framework for the Brendon and Quantock Hills, also CONFERENCE Published by the Association for lndustrial at the National Railway Museum, Archaeology. Contributions should be York. For details contact: Early sent to the Editot, Dr Peter Stanier, 49 Railways Conference Office, Breach Lane, Shaftesbury Dorset 5P7 8LF. National Railway Museum, Leeman News and press releases may be sent to Road, York YO26 4XJ, I 01904 the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional 621261. Correspondents. The Editor may be telephoned on 01747 854707 or e-nail: 2 ocToBER 2(x!1 a i a n ews @ sta n i e r49. freese rve. co. u k. THE ARCHAEOTOGY OF Final copy dates are as follows: INDUSTRIAT PROCESSES, PART ONE 1 January for February mailing at the London Archaeological 1 April for May mailing Archive & Research Centre, London, 1 July for August mailing to cover the results of recent 1 October for November mailing archaeological investigations of The AIA was established in 1973 a promote industrial processes and production the stuQ of lndustrial Archaeology and sites in London, the south of encourage improved standards of rxording, England, Europe and the East. See raearch, conseruation and publication. lt aims to assist and support regional and inside for contact details. specialist suruey groups and bodies involved in the prcseruation of industrial monunents, 6 NOVEMBER 2OO4 to represent the interests of lndustrial THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF Archaeology at national level, to hold IITDUSTRIAT PROCESSES, conferences and seninars and to publish the PART TWO results of research. The AIA publishes an at the lronbridge Gorge Museum, annual Review and quanerly News bulletin. Coalbrookdale , the second part of Fufther details nay be obtained fron the Liaison Officer, AIA Office, School of this unioue conference will cover Archaeological Studies, University of the results of work done in the LeicesteL Leicester IEI 7RH. Midlands and North of England, and 8 0l 16 252 5337 Fax: 0l 16 252 5005. in the Atlantic World. Contact details The views expressed in this bulletin are as for Part One. not necessarily those of the Association for Industrial Archaeology.

16 @ Association for Industrial Archaeology, May 2004 Registered in England underthe Companies Act 1948 (No. 1325854) and the Charities Act 1960 (No. 277511) Registered office: c/o IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ Drnr{rrrod hw TRf Drinr (aruirac I imirad Rl.h.l{^".| E^/rh n^'c6+