VIMP Report 1
The Geology and Prospectivity of the 1994 Airborne Orbost Survey Area
by R. Buckley M.D. Bush, P.J. O'Shea, M. Whitehead & A.H.M. VandenBerg
August 1994 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...... 3 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY ...... 5 Lachlan Fold Belt ...... 5 Early Carboniferous to Mid Cretaceous ...... 7 Mid Cretaceous to the present day ...... 8 SUMMARY OF ROCK UNITS ...... 9 Ordovician to Early Silurian ...... 9 Middle Silurian ...... 9 Late Silurian ...... 9 Early Devonian ...... 9 Late Devonian ...... 10 Tertiary ...... 10 GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION ...... 11 MINERALISATION ...... 14 History of mining ...... 14 Styles of mineralisation ...... 14 Alluvial gold ...... 14 Reef gold ...... 14 Epithermal gold ...... 15 Porphyry copper ...... 15 Skarn mineralisation ...... 16 Stratabound base metal mineralisation ...... 16 Syngenetic base metal mineralisation ...... 17 Epigenetic vein mineralisation ...... 17 Non metallic deposits ...... 17 SUMMARY OF EXPLORATION ...... 23 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTIVITY ...... 35
REFERENCES . 37
Appendix 1 Location of Expired Exploration Licences _. . _. _. -51-73
FIGURES Figure 1 Orbost Exploration Licence Tender Areas . _. 4
Figure 2 Total Magnetic Intensity Image with North-East Sun Angle Insert Figure 3 Orbost 1994 Airborne Survey Area - Geology, Mineral Deposits & Tenure ______...... ______._. Insert
TABLES Table 1 Gold Production ______..._ _. ______...______.______. 15 Table 2 Orbost Initiative Area - Mineral Occurrences.. 19-21 Table 3 Orbost Initiative Area - Exploration Licence Summary. .______. 33-34 INTRODUCTION
his report represents part of a data package prepared to coincide with a call for tenders for exploration licences in the Orbost area of eastern Victoria. The closing date for tenders is 29 TAugust 1994. The location of the tender areas is shown in Figure 1.
This, and subsequent data packages are intended to provide summary information to explorers submitting tenders for areas released as a result of flying magnetic/radiometric geophysical surveys over the North West and Eastern Highlands Initiative Areas.
This report presents a brief overview of the geology, mineralisation, exploration history and geophysics of the 1994 airborne Orbost survey area, and should be read in conjunction with the other elements of the data package. Activity in expired exploration licences is summarised in Table 3, while the locations of expired exploration licences are given in Appendix 1. Details of mineral occurrences are summarised in Table 2 and their positions shown in Figure 3.
The economic potential and prospectivity of the area is briefly described. A reference list directs the redder to more detailed descriptions of the geology and mineralisation of the area.
3 ORBOST EXPLORATION LICENCE TENDER AREAS GEOLOGICAL HISTORY
Summary
The Orbost survey area during the Palaeozoic lay in the Lachlan Fold Belt, a region with a complex history of marine and subaerial sedimentation and volcanism interrupted by several major contractional deformations and periods of granite intrusion. The final Lachlan event was mild folding of molasse-type redbeds in the Carboniferous, after which there was prolonged erosion, resulting in a landscape of low relief by late Mesozoic times. The breakup of Gondwana in the Cretaceous caused uplift of several thousand metres over most of the region. This uplift, combined with subsidence to the south, created the Gippsland Basin. Since then, the history onshore has been mainly one of erosion and deposition of thin fluvial sediments, with an episode of basalt eruption during the Early Tertiary.
Lachlan Fold Belt
Deep marine Ordovician to Early Silurian sedimentation (500-430 Ma): Pinnak Sandstone, Bendoc Group, Yalmy Group
The rock record of southeastern Australia began in the Early Ordovician (about 500 million years ago) with deposition of extensive submarine fan systems that stretched across most of Victoria and southeastern New South Wales. In the Orbost region, these rocks are represented by the Pinnak Sandstone in the east (VandenBerg et al., 597) and the Hotham Group in the west (Cas & VandenBerg, 2771). These consist of sandstones and mudstones deposited by turbidity currents into the deep marine environment along the eastern margin of the Australian Craton. Turbidity currents were less common in some Areas which accumulated occasional thin cherts.
The detritus that makes up the turbidites was mainly derived from a continental source to the west which was composed of sediments, granites, and some metamorphic rocks.
In the Late Ordovician, East Gippsland continued to be in a deep marine environment, but for some reason turbidite input was largely blocked, so that the main depositional process was quiet accumulation of silt and mud on a deep anoxic seafloor (Bendoc Group).
The Bendoc Group (VandenBerg et al., 597) consists of a lowest unit of thin-bedded chert, siltstone and cross-bedded sandstone (Sunlight Creek Formation) followed by the Warbisco Shale, which is dominated by black, very siliceous siltstone, with silica probably largely derived from radiolarians. It contains abundant graptolites and records a long time span, 20-25 million years, of very quiet pelagic and hemipelagic sedimentation. Both these units are now recognized over the whole of eastern Victoria and southeastern New South Wales. The change from Warbisco Shale to overlying Akuna Mudstone (VandenBerg et al., 597) is marked by a change in colour and lithology to green mudstone with a higher clay and detrital sand content, indicating a return to more aerated conditions and continent-derived clastics.
The overlying Yalmy Group (VandenBerg et al., 597) shows a variety of turbidite fan facies, ranging from upper to middle and perhaps outer fan, although the silty Unit 2 may reflect a sea level high rather than an outer fan setting, and Unit 3 may be the result of a sea-level low. North of the Orbost survey area, some limestone turbidites occur in the Suggan Buggan area and possible carbonate material occurs in the Seldom Seen Conglomerate. These indicate the presence of a carbonate source, probably in very shallow water. The position of the Silurian shoreline is not known but must have been well outside the Orbost region. Middle Silurian Benambran (Quidongan) Deformation (430-425 Ma)
The Quidongan phase of the Benambran Deformation appears to have been the main episode of cratonisation in much of eastern Victoria, with the Early Silurian apparently playing a minor role (VandenBerg et al., 597; Orth et al.,12047). From the Middle Silurian onwards, the rock substrate behaves in a much more brittle fashion than before, and faults play a large part in the geological history.
During this event, the Ordovician rocks especially were tightly folded along folds trending northeast in the central and eastern parts of the Orbost survey area, and east-west in the western part. High heat flow and upwelling of granite magma altered the deeply buried sediments in the east in a regime of low pressure metamorphism (Kuark Metamorphic Complex; VandenBerg et al., 597). Cordierite and other metamorphic minerals grew as the rocks were folded, and a strong schistosity was imprinted in many of the metamorphic rocks. Granite magma slowly moved towards the surface and began to metamorphose local country rock.
To the north of the Orbost survey area, compression from the northwest created a series of stacked thrust sheets in which folds are broad and open (VandenBerg et al., 597). Most of the thrusting occurred on a buried decollement zone, above which the thrust sheets were moved in an easterly and southeasterly direction. This thrusting was immediately followed by intrusion of granites which have normal hornfels aureoles and show no sign of stress.
Late Silurian Sardine Creek Graben (415-410 Ma); Sardine Conglomerate, Wibenduck Limestone
Immediately north of the Orbost survey area is a small graben, possibly the remnant of a small foreland basin, lying below the frontal thrust of the Yalmy-McLauchlan Fault Zone. In the basin, a subaerial fan conglomerate, the Sardine Conglomerate, with locally sourced material occurs together with the shallow marine Wibenduck Limestone (VandenBerg et al., 597). Although largely derived from quartz-rich sandstone (Pinnak Sandstone, Yalmy Group), the conglomerate contains some acid volcanic clasts derived from an unknown source of Silurian(?) volcanics, now entirely removed.
Late Silurian Bindian (Bowning) Deformation (410 Ma)
The Bindian Deformation occurred at the end of the Silurian. In the Orbost survey area its effects were minor, with folding of the Sardine Conglomerate, but farther north it produced tight folding and lower greenschist facies metamorphism in Middle to Late Silurian volcanics and sediments (Orth et al., 12047).
Early Devonian rifting and volcanism (410-395 Ma): Snowy River Volcanics, Mount Elizabeth Volcanics, lower Errinundra Group
In the early Devonian, crustal thinning probably associated with dextral transtension gave rise to a deep and broad N-S trending basin called the Buchan Rift (Orth et al., 12047). This extends from the State border at Cowombat Flat, to the south coast near Lake Tyers and crosses the western portion of the Orbost survey area. The rift is filled by the Snowy River Volcanics, a thick pile of mainly acid volcanics with some andesites and basalts, and interbedded sediments which are subaerial over most of the rift but become marine at about the northern margin of the Orbost project area (Orth et al., 12047). Therift fill generally overlaps the rift margins, but in a few places such as below Mount Hamilton and near Native Dog Flat, rift margin megabreccias are still exposed. At Mount Elizabeth, in the west of the Orbost survey area, the rhyolitic to andesitic, subaerial Mount Elizabeth Volcanics occupy a small, perfectly round caldera in which
6 the volcanics are intruded by co-magmatic granite which resembles a resurgent dome (VandenBerg, 3351).
At Errinundra in the eastern part of the Orbost survey area, the deep synclinal Boulder Flat Graben contains the Errinundra Group (VandenBerg et al., 597), of which the lower Bungywarr Formation consists of shallow marine volcanogenic sediments and ignimbrite-like mass flows which may represent outflows from the Buchan Rift.
Late Early to Middle Devonian carbonate deposition (395-385 Ma): Buchan Group, upper Errinundra Group
At about the beginning of the Emsian, the sea level rose throughout the world and a large part of East Gippsland was inundated by the sea from the south. Rapid transgression changed the region from a dominantly volcaniclastic environment to one of widespread limestone deposition. Above the Snowy River Volcanics a basal, very shallow marine dolomitic phase is followed by calcareous limestone sands and muds, derived largely from the shells of organisms (Buchan Caves Limestone; Orth et al., 12047). A further deepening occurred somewhat later and allowed animals of more open marine habitat (nautiloids, polygnathid conodontophores, styliolinids) to enter the region. This also caused a change to deposition of marls. Soon after this, a shallow, sloping carbonate shelf (Murrindal Limestone) developed near Murrindal, where carbonate mounds separated a deeper basin to the south, where marls continued to accumulate, from a shallow, protected shelf to the north. In the Errinundra Graben there is a rapid transition from volcaniclastics to dark bedded limestone and black shale (Boulder Flat Limestone; VandenBerg et al., 597).
Middle Devonian Tabberabberan Deformation (385-380 Ma)
In the Middle Devonian, the last major compressional deformation to affect East Gippsland folded and faulted the contents of the Buchan Rift and Boulder Flat Graben, and produced overprinting fabrics in the older rocks (VandenBerg et al., 597; Orth et al., 12047). The Snowy River Volcanics were folded into broad open folds, with some less competent sediments folding disharmonically. Most folds trend northerly with plunges mainly to the south, and occasionally to the north. Folds in the Buchan Group are much tighter. The limestone has a spaced stylolitic cleavage, and there is a weak anastomosing or reticulate cleavage in the silty Taravale Marlstone.
Folding was accompanied by faulting along large, north and northeast trending faults which are particularly important in the Orbost survey area.These show considerable Tabberabberan displacement and local structural complication, but some may be rejuvenated rift margin faults such as those found farther north (VandenBerg et al., 597; Orth et al., 12047).
Late Devonian “redbed” style sedimentation (380-360 Ma): Combyingbar Formation
In the Late Devonian, a large river system deposited flood-plain sediments across much of the region. The system appears to have drained highlands to the west and north, and formed a connection between the Howitt Province of east-central Victoria and the Merimbula Group sequence of the east coast. However, unlike most other Upper Devonian sequences, volcanics are almost absent, represented only by a single, small coherent rhyolite lava flow (VandenBerg et al., 597).
7 Early Carboniferous Kanimblan Deformation (350 Ma?)
This is the last deformation to have affected the rocks of the region. The main deformation took place along large, mostly north and northeast striking faults between which the redbed sequence was preserved in grabens. Within the grabens, the sediments were openly folded (VandenBerg et al., 597).
Early Carboniferous to Mid-Cretaceous
The uplifts associated with the Tabberabberan and Kanimblan deformations began a long process of erosion that continued to the late Mesozoic, and which, by the mid-Cretaceous, had produced a land surface of low relief and probably low elevation over most of southeastern Australia. This prolonged erosional episode is of considerable economic importance in central and western Victoria. Here, the land surface developed on the auriferous Palaeozoic rocks gradually became strongly enriched in gold by a process of winnowing, during which weathering and erosion removed the lighter host materials. Following the Late Cretaceous uplift, much of this gold-rich weathering profile became incorporated in Tertiary stream sediments to form “leads” and “deep leads”.
Mid-Cretaceous to the present day
Late Cretaceous break-up of Gondwana and regional uplift (ca 95-65 Ma)
The history during the last 100 millions years was controlled by the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent, especially the separation of Australia from Antarctica and New Zealand. This began in the mid-Cretaceous about 95 million years ago, when the Tasman Sea began to open, and major subsidence occurred in the Gippsland and Otway Basins. This coastal and offshore subsidence was combined with major uplift of a broad belt to the north of the coastal plain, and it is this juxtaposition of uplifted highlands close to the subsided lowlands that has influenced the Tertiary history of the Orbost region.
Maximum uplift in the Late Cretaceous was focussed along a line paralleling the present coastline, and probably running through the southern portion of the Orbost survey area (VandenBerg et al., 597; Orth et al., 12047). The amount of uplift is still a matter of debate, but it seems likely that the crest of the newly created continental divide lay at an altitude of 1500 m or more.
Palaeocene to Recent stream incision and basaltic volcanism (65 Ma-present day)
The Late Cretaceous uplift began a cycle of incision and lateral erosion that continues at the present day. The Great Escarpment, originally situated at about the latitude of Nowa Nowa and Orbost, was virtually destroyed by incision and headward erosion. The material removed from the highlands was deposited mainly offshore, to form the thick Gippsland Basin sequence. Onshore, eruption of basalts during the Eocene-Oligocene caused minor interruption in the erosion process but within the Orbost survey area, their influence was negligible.
8 SUMMARY OF ROCK UNITS
Ordovician-Early Silurian (VandenBerg et al., 597)
Pinnak Sandstone: unknown thickness of quartz-mica turbidites and minor chert of Early Ordovician age, generally closely and tightly folded and with moderate to strong cleavage.
Bendoc Group: several hundred metres of Late Ordovician siliceous black shale (Warbisco Shale) with some thin sandstone and chert in the base (Sunlight Creek Fm), passing up into grey-green mudstone (Akuna Siltstone). The Bendoc Group, and especially the Warbisco Shale, appears to have acted as a lubricant during deformation, so that it now outcrops as narrow slices along numerous contractional faults.
Yalmy Group: about 2.5 km of Early Silurian quartzose turbidites and siltstone showing generally widely spaced, open folds.
Middle Silurian (VandenBerg et al., 597; Chappell et al., 8553)
I-type granites: most of the granitoids in East Gippsland are probably of Middle Silurian age (415-425 Ma), even though most K/Ar age determinations show considerably younger ages. In most cases, the younger ages are probably due to Ar loss after cooling. Almost all Middle Silurian granitoids are mafic, unfractionated I-types; the single exception is the small Towzer Creek pluton, consisting of mafic, unfractionated S-type granite. Several plutons are only partly unroofed and others appear to be totally buried at shallow depth. These granites are surrounded by proportionately very wide hornfels and spotted phyllite aureoles.
Kuark Metamorphic Belt: this belt, in the eastern part of the Orbost survey area, consists of biotite schist and spotted biotite-cordierite schist associated with foliated Middle Silurian granites. The parent rock of the metamorphics is the Pinnak Sandstone, and possibly also the Bendoc Group.
Late Silurian (VandenBerg et al., 597)
Sardine Conglomerate: several hundred metres of mostly sedolithic roundstone conglomerate and sandstone with minor volcanogenic clastics, occupying a small NW-trending graben. The overall structure is not known.
Wibenduck Limestone: a few tens of square metres of recrystallized grey shallow marine limestone with Late Silurian conodonts. It is associated with the Sardine Conglomerate but the relationships are not known.
Limestone at Nowa Nowa: drilling at Nowa Nowa and Lady Torr Creek has encountered massive recrystallized limestone considered to be Late Silurian, underlying the Snowy River Volcanics.
Early Devonian (VandenBerg,3351; VandenBerg et al., 597; Chappell et al., 8553; Orth et al., 12047)
A-type granites: there is a small group of granites in the eastern part of the Orbost survey area which appear to be Early Devonian. They include both felsic and mafic undifferentiated A-types and transect the metamorphic isograds associated with the Middle Silurian granites. They lie in a narrow, NE trending belt from Mt Raymond near to coast, to Murrungowar and Mt Ellery. Snowy River Volcanics: probably up to several thousand metres of I-type volcanics with lesser sediments are contained in a broad, north-trending rift basin (Buchan Rift) of which the original boundaries are still partly preserved. The rift has a complex history and is dominated by subaerial rhyolitic ignimbrites and epiclastic, mostly fluvial sediments. Part of the sequence in the Orbost survey area consists of marine juvenile mass flow deposits.
9 Buchan Group: overlying the Snowy River Volcanics with transitional to locally dis- and unconformable contacts, this group consists of shallow marine limestone and minor dolomite (Buchan Caves Limestone, ca. 200 m thick) and deeper marine marl (Taravale Marlstone, ca. 700 m thick at Buchan, and now nodular limestone and siltstone) capped by very shallow marine limestone (Murrindal Limestone, up to 250 m thick).
Errinundra Group: this is broadly similar to the sequence preserved in the Buchan Rift, consisting of a lower unit of shallow marine clastics and volcaniclastics with minor rhyolite lava (Bungywarr Fm, 550 m thick) followed by about 350 m of micritic dark limestone and black shale (Boulder Flat Limestone). The sequence is entirely marine, unlike that in the Buchan Rift, and is probably a more offshore equivalent. It is preserved in the isoclinally folded Boulder Flat Graben.
Mount Elizabeth Igneous Complex: contained in a perfectly circular caldera-like structure north of Bruthen, this consists of subaerial, apparently flat-lying I-type rhyolitic ignimbrites intruded by the mafic, I-type Tambo Crossing Granodiorite.
Late Devonian (VandenBerg et al., 597)
Combyingbar Formation: this is now preserved in a series of small grabens in the eastern part of the Orbost survey area, which contain the remnants of a once much more extensive unit. It consists of perhaps a thousand metres of red mudstone with interbedded packets of sandstone and a basal impersistent conglomerate, all deposited in a flood plain environment. These are openly folded with steep to locally overturned dips at faulted margins. There is a single very small lens of rhyolite lava interbedded.
Tertiary (VandenBerg, 3351; VandenBerg et al., 597)
Older Volcanics: small remnants of once much more extensive valley flows of olivine basalt occur at Buchan South and on the ridgetop above Riddle Creek. Farther north, similar basalts have given late Eocene ages. Prominent narrow NW-trending curvilinear magnetic anomalies in the east of the Orbost survey area may be due to basalt or dolerite dykes belonging to the Older Volcanics. Miocene-Pliocene sediments: in the southern part of the Orbost survey area, a mostly very thin veneer of flat-lying sand and minor gravel rests on a planated surface of Palaeozoic bedrock. The surficial material is Pliocene but farther south and deeper down, the sequence includes Miocene limestone and marl. This represents the outwash material deposited at the foot of an erosional escarpment, which itself was a remnant of the Late Cretaceous monoclinal warp separating the highlands to the north from the Gippsland Basin.
10 GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION
The 1994 Orbost airborne magnetic and radiometric survey funded by the Geological Survey of Victoria (GSV) is the largest helicopter geophysical survey that has been conducted in Victoria. Over 16000 line km were flown at a line spacing of 200 m. The area covered is approximately 30 km x 100 km with the long dimension in an east-west direction. Palaeozoic rocks of the Lachlan Fold Belt outcrop or subcrop in the northern and central parts of the area, and continue under shallow Cainozoic cover in the south.
In addition to the GSV data, three adjoining surveys flown for companies are included in the data release. The first survey was flown for BHP over the Buchan Rift in 1989, the second for CRAE over Breakfast Creek in 1992 and the third for CRAE in the MacKenzie River area in 1994. The total area covered by the GSV and company surveys will be referred to as ORBOST. Including the three company surveys, a total of 21081 line km of data have been collected. The lines were flown in either an east-west or north-south direction depending on the dominant strike of the geology. The GSV data were collected at an altitude of 90 m, and the company surveys at altitudes of 40 to 80 m.
The Orbost magnetic and radiometric data are of a high quality. With detailed interpretation, they have the potential to provide an accurate lithological and structural map for the area.
Comparison between new and old geophysical data
Apart from the small detailed company surveys, the previously available airborne geophysical surveys over ORBOST were regional surveys flown by AGSO in 1975 and 1977. The data was collected by fixed wing aircraft flying at heights of 1680 and 1800 m. Lines were spaced at 1500 and 3000 m and only magnetic data were collected. The magnetic data showed gross features such as the volcanics in the Buchan Rift, some granitic bodies, and faults bounding some of the granites.
The high resolution survey data give detailed geological information throughout ORBOST. The magnetic data differentiate between various types of volcanics in the Buchan Rift, indicate multiple intrusions, show bedding and faults in many areas within the Palaeozoic sediments, and reveal a pervasive west-northwest to northwest fault direction. The radiometric data show compositional differences between the outcropping granites, correlate well with the magnetic data in identifying different types of volcanics in the Buchan Rift, and provide a number of lithological boundaries in areas with little magnetic contrast between the rock types.
Ordovician-Silurian sediments
The Ordovician and Silurian sediments are predominantly non magnetic with interbedded slightly magnetic units associated mostly with low magnetic intensities. Detailed geological mapping has been done in the northeastern parts of ORBOST on the Murrindal and Bendoc 1:100 000 sheets. Apart from these areas, most of ORBOST has only been mapped at 1:250 000 scale and the only information given about Palaeozoic sediments is their age. Lithological boundaries, strike direction, folding and faulting may all be interpreted within the sediments from the magnetic data. West of the Buchan Rift the sediments strike mainly west-northwest. East of the Buchan Rift the sediments strike northeast. In the eastern part of ORBOST extending from the northeastern corner to the southwest for over 20 km there is a distinct package of Ordovician sediments. The Ordovician sediments in this area contain units which are more magnetic than the units in the Ordovician to the west. A number of these magnetic units are greater than 4 km in strike length.
II Two of the ironstone bodies associated with Silurian? limestones north-northeast of Nowa Nowa were drilled by the BMR in the 1950s. They are magnetite rich and are some of the most magnetic features on ORBOST. A bulls eye magnetic feature similar in size and intensity to the Nowa Nowa ironstones occurs under shallow cover about 4 km northeast of Nowa Nowa. This feature has potential as a copper-magnetite skarn deposit.
Silurian granites
Porphyry copper deposits are an exploration target throughout ORBOST. Copper occurrences have been reported within and adjacent to Silurian intrusives east of the Buchan Rift. In this area the magnetic and radiometric data indicate granites which correlate well with the mapped geology. The magnetic data also indicate a number of subsurface intrusions. The outcropping and subcropping intrusions form a belt which extends from the mapped Bete Bolong Granodiorite east to the Dysentery pluton. The belt is elongated in a northeast direction, and has been faulted in a northwest direction. There is some evidence of sinistral strike slip displacement across some of the northwest faults. Major north-south trending faults appear to have controlled the emplacement of some of the intrusions. Metasediments above and adjacent to the subsurface intrusions represent new exploration targets for porphyry copper deposits.
Granites on ORBOST are mostly associated with moderate to high magnetic intensities. In the western and central parts of ORBOST the granites are rounded in shape. In the east of ORBOST the granites are mostly elongated to the northeast and fault bounded. Most of the outcropping granites have a distinct radiometric signature. Many are associated with low to moderate potassium values, and low thorium and uranium values. A number of subcropping magnetic granites in the east of ORBOST which were previously unknown can be interpreted from the magnetic data.
The Tambo Crossing Granodiorite in the northwest of ORBOST is displaced by a fault which may be a continuation of the Kiewa Fault. To the north of this pluton the Ensay fault and splays off the fault are evident in both the magnetic and the radiometric data.
Devonian volcanics
The dominantly subaerial Snowy River Volcanics in the Buchan Rift are prospective for epithermal gold mineralisation. These volcanics have distinct magnetic and radiometric signatures allowing their subdivision into different lithologies and the continuation to the south of units mapped on the Murrindal 1:100 000 sheet. Extensive faulting in the volcanics is evident in the magnetic data. The magnetic data could be used to identify splay faults off major structures where epithermal deposits are often found. A broad well-defined magnetic low occurs along the Buchan River Fault suggesting extensive alteration with associated magnetite destruction.
Lead-zinc mineralisation is found in the Buchan Group limestones which overlie the Snowy River Volcanics. The mineralisation is stratabound, Mississippi Valley-style or Irish-style and related to faulting. With detailed interpretation, the magnetic data could be used to locate structures and determine the relative ages of the faults.
The Mount Elizabeth Volcanics are found in the western part of ORBOST in a caldera which is circular in shape and has the potential to host epithermal gold deposits. Curvilinear magnetic anomalies around the rims of the caldera are interpreted to be caused by steeply dipping volcanics and narrow slivers of granite. Inside the rims the volcanics are flat lying. The complex is also well defined in the radiometric data. The Errinundra Group occupies a graben at Boulder Flat in the eastern part of ORBOST. The group consists of non magnetic sediments interbedded with magnetic sediments and volcanics.
12 The graben is interpreted from the magnetic data to extend from its mapped position around Boulder Flat at least 17 km to the southwest and possibly further. Fold hinges are evident in the magnetic sediments near the northern and southern ends of the synclinal graben. Northeast trending faults extending for 10 to 20 km bound the Errinundra Group.
Dykes
West-northwest to northwest trending dykes are evident in the magnetic data throughout ORBOST. These dykes have not been recognized in regional mapping programs. The origin of these dykes is uncertain. They may be associated with the Snowy River Volcanics, Tertiary dykes associated with the Antarctica - Australia breakup or they may be associated with some other as yet uncorrelated event. Further exploration work is needed to determine their potential.
13 MINERALISATION
History of mining
The special initiative area has a history of mining stretching back to the 1860’s.
Alluvial and reef gold mining was conducted mostly late last century and early this century. Prospecting along the Tambo River began after the discovery of gold at Omeo, resulting in the discovery of alluvial gold at Shady Creek in 1860 and at Haunted Stream in 1866. Reef mining at Haunted Stream started in 1881, reaching its peak in 1887, with mining declining after 1890. The Club Terrace/Bemm River goldfield was developed in the late 1890’s while the Tara goldfield near Buchan was operational during the early 1900’s. Gold has been worked intermittently in the area to the present day.
Base metals were first discovered in the Buchan area in 1869 and small scale mining began shortly after at Hume Park, the Pyramids, Back Creek and Spring Creek. These mines were worked intermittently until the 1940’s with a total recorded production of approximately 800 t of lead ore. Some of the ore was smelted in a small furnace erected at the Hume Park mine. Silver was recovered as a by-product from the smelting of galena concentrates, but there is no record of the amount produced. Although sphalerite was also a significant component of the ore, there is no record of zinc production as it was of little value at that time.
Recent production in the area has included small amounts of gold from scattered prospects and several hundred tonnes of barite from Boulder Flat. Current annual production of the various grades of limestone from the Buchan area is of the order of 30 000 tonnes.
Styles of mineralisation
Mines, prospects and mineral occurrences within the initiative area are summarised in Table 2 and their localities presented in Fig. 3. The localities listed in Table 2 are ordered by major mineralisation type. Details of each locality can be obtained from the references cited.
A wide range of styles of mineralisations occur in the initiative area with past mining concentrating on alluvial and reef gold and stratabound lead-zinc veining in Devonian limestones. Additional prospects are represented by porphyry copper-gold, epithermal gold, syngenetic base metal mineralisation hosted by volcaniclastics and iron-manganese gossans.
Alluvial gold
Alluvial gold was worked in the initiative area from 1860 with several small operators continuing today. The most extensive alluvial gold workings were in the Haunted Stream-Shady Creek-Lower Tambo River area, in the far west of the initiative area. Various small alluvial workings were located along the Bemm River as well as the scattered localities of B.A. Creek, Cabbage Tree Creek and Tara Goldfields.
Reef gold
Reef gold prospects are generally located in the hinterland of alluvial gold fields. The reefs consist of quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite-gold veins with accessory chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena-calcite. As well as free gold within the quartz, significant gold values have also been obtained from the sulphides. Silicification together with minor gold and sulphide mineralisation of country rock adjacent to the reefs has also been noted in places.
14 The reefs generally strike north west to north east, being mostly subparallel to the general strike of the strata, with a steep to vertical dip. The reefs range up to 7 m in width, but are commonly less than 2 m. Many reefs are associated with shears and associated breccias, and quartz stockworks may also be developed.
The Boulder Mine, north of Club Terrace, is different to other gold reefs in the area, being situated within the Kuark Metamorphics. The several generations of quartz reefs have been deformed, producing a boudinaged quartz vein system. This indicates that the gold was emplaced before the end of the Middle Silurian metamorphic event.
At a regional scale, the major gold fields are associated with major regional faults or structural lineaments. The Haunted Stream workings occur along 20 km of the important Kiewa Fault, with significant reefs located at intersections with north west faults or lineaments. The gold fields along the Bemm River are along strike from each other and are associated with a regional structural lineament.
Epithermal gold
Several low temperature quartz vein gold-silver deposits with variable base metal mineralization are associated with the Snowy River Volcanics. Silicification, clay-sericite-chlorite alteration and brecciation characteristic of epithermal deposits are typically developed. The deposits were most likely formed during the waning stages of the early Devonian igneous activity in this area This style of mineralization is illustrated by the W Tree, Pyramid Mountain and Halls Peninsula prospects.
LOCATION QUARTZ GOLD PERIOD (tonnes) (kg)
Club Terrace - Birthday Reef 1740 52.7 N/A Haunted Stream - various reefs 13640 215.1 1881- 1907 Shady Creek N/A 3.1? N/A Boulder mine 2290 123.2 1898 - 1907 Tara goldfield, Buchan 62 7.1 1904 - 190.5 Tara Crown (Armistice), Buchan 1930 26.7 1917 - 1920 Combienbar 2 3.7 1931
TOTAL 19664 431.6 Table 1 Gold production
Porphyry copper
Several porphyry copper systems have been identified in the initiative area, including the Sunday Creek, Double Bull Creek and M ount Buck prospects and the Booths Fancy mine. Porphyry copper type alteration has been identified in the Mount Elizabeth area, but no significant mineralization has been located to date.
These prospects are associated with multiphase, magnetic I type granite to diorite stocks, sills and dykes with associated quartz-sericite-kaolin-chlorite-epidote hydrothermal alteration. Pyrite and chalcopyrite are generally disseminated through the intrusion and adjacent fractured country rock as well as coating joints and occurring within quartz veinlets. Copper mineralization is also present within brecciated zones and shears. Minor molybdenum and gold mineralization has also
15 been identified in these porphyry systems but the gold potential of these prospects has not yet been fully tested.
The highest grades of mineralization are often associated with a supergene enriched zone at the base of a partly leached capping of the high sulphide system.
Skarn mineralization
The Two, Five and Seven Mile iron ore deposits at Nowa Nowa have been interpreted as skarn type deposits in which iron bearing hydrothermal fluids from adjacent intrusives have interacted with the Silurian? limestone to form the iron ore lenses. The current attitude and composition of the deposits is due to later intense shearing movements and hydrothermal activity which resulted in the faulted boundaries of the deposits and extensive remobilization of the iron minerals. Iron minerals include magnetite, specular haematite, pyrite and limonite. Minor gold and copper values have also been reported.
Stratabound base metal mineralization
Several small stratabound lead-zinc deposits are hosted by basal dolomites and dolomitic limestones of the Buchan Caves Limestone. Such deposits include the Hume Park and Pyramids mines and the Neils and Back Creek prospects. Minor volcanic activity during the initial stages of limestone deposition in these areas has been noted.
These deposits have similar settings and styles to the Irish carbonate hosted stratabound lead-zinc deposits. They are generally stratabound,and show varying mineralization styles from syndiagenetic (replacement and cavity fill) to locally syngenetic (exhalative) and epigenetic (breccia type). There are also geochemical similarities between the two provinces, with the Irish deposits also showing enrichment in iron and silver and occurring in dolomitised host rocks.
Recent work by Arne et al (Ref. 20522)confirmed that the Buchan deposits do not readily conform to characteristics typical of either Mississippi Valley-type or stratiform base metal deposits, but rather display similarities with the epigenetic zones of the Irish base metal deposit hosted by Carboniferous rocks. The low formation temperature (160 to 21O C) of the Buchan limestone-hosted mineralization indicate that a direct primary volcanic source is unlikely, although heat may have encouraged seawater sulphate to circulate through the limestone, and to deposit stratabound iron sulphide accumulations.
Remobilization of the limestone-hosted mineralization probably occurred during the Tabberabberan Deformation when the rocks were gently folded. Competency differences between the limestones and the underlying volcanics resulted in the development of fractures and bedding plane slips in the basal portion of the limestones. This would have formed ideal sites for the deposition of mineralization from circulating fluids.
Oxidation of stratiform/stratabound pyrite lenses in interbedded limestone and tuffaceous beds has produced the iron deposits of Cocks Limonite,McRaes Limonite and Gilbert Road Ironstone. These deposits were most likely associated with minor volcanism during the formation of the Buchan Caves Limestone. Accessory Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Ba has been identified with this mineralization. . Stratabound base metal mineralization, has also been located in the basal sections of the Boulder Flat Limestone where the Boulder Flat 1 and 2, Zinc Hill; Gibson Creek and possibly Crabhole Creek prospects occur.Outcropping mineralization consists predominantly of galena and sphalerite in gossanous material or within lenses and veins of barite. The mineralized zone is 15- 30 m wide and has been traced discontinuously for more than 3 km. Both above and below the
16 more concentrated baritic zone, there are outcrops of limestone extensively veined with barite. Copper mineralization also occurs in the southern section of the limestone sequence.
Syngenetic base metal mineralization
Volcaniclastics of the Fairy Sandstone, an upper member of the Snowy River Volcanics, and the Spring Creek Member, basal unit of the Buchan Caves Limestone, frequently contain base metal mineralization of volcanic exhalative origin. Such stratiform deposits include Blue Bullocks Creek, New Guinea and Shaw's Gully prospects. Detrital sphalerite and galena together with enriched manganese, barium and silver values occur within waterlain tuffs, pyritic shales and intraformational breccias.
As well as primary sulphide mineralization, replacement and oxidation along specific horizons has resulted in the formation of the iron-manganese deposits at Oxide and Iron Mask Mines. Minor associated Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba mineralization, brecciation,shearing and quartz-pyrite - magnetite veinlets have also been noted at these deposits.
Epigenetic vein mineralization
This style of mineralization is generally associated with structurally controlled dacite - rhyolite porphyry dyke swarms belonging to the Snowy River Volcanics which suggests an Early Devonian mineralizing event.
Typical prospects include Tiger Creek, Red Steer and Scorpion Creek where copper with variable molybdenum and gold occur, the quartz-gold lodes of the Mount Tara area and the barite veins of Balley Hooley Hill and Tulloch Ard. The mineralization is generally associated with extensive fracture systems, veinlets or disseminations through the host rock. The mineralization is hosted in granitoids as well as the adjacent country rock, but the development of the fracture system and the subsequent emplacement of the hydrothermal mineralization are significantly younger than the granitic intrusion.
Non metallic deposits
In addition to hosting various styles of metallic mineralization, the special initiative area also contains barite and high grade limestone deposits.
Barite is generally associated as a gangue mineral with the base metal deposits of the area, either as veins or as disseminations. At the Boulder Flat lead-zinc prospect one, five separate barite lenses l-4 m wide and at least 10 m long occur. A few hundred tonnes of this material was extracted from 1982-86 from shallow open cuts and used in drilling muds for the Bass Strait oil fields. The lenses are developed in an en-echelon array and strike parallel to bedding, although locally they are discordant. The barite varies in quality from white and coarsely crystalline, to a less pure variety, contaminated by carbonates and sulphides. The barite lenses occur within variably silicified and dolomitised limestone.
High grade limestones occur within the Buchan Group of carbonate and calcareous mudstones in the Buchan area. The lowest formation, the Buchan Caves Limestone, consists of almost pure limestone and dolomitic limestone 180-210 m thick. The upper Murrindal Limestone is pale to dark grey limestone with interbedded mudstone and contains the pale grey, coral rich massive limestone of the Rocky Camp member.
Hard crystalline limestone has been quarried from Cameron’s and Heath’s quarries at Buchan South and at Rocky Camp, 5 km north of Buchan, and used as dimension stone in the building, construction and monumental industries. Limestone from Cameron’s quarry was known as
17 “Black Buchan Marble”. Grey coloured “marble” was produced from Heath’s quarry. High quality limestone from Buchan South has also been used in paper manufacture. The Rocky Camp Limestone is currently quarried for production of quicklime, flux, stock feed, paper manufacture and agricultural purposes. Geochemical testing also indicates this unit is suitable for use in polymers, but the high iron content may preclude its use in paper and paint. Parts of the Buchan Caves Limestone may reach sufficiently high grade for use as lower grade general fillers where brightness is not important.
The basal sections of the Buchan Caves Limestone also contain very pure dolomite sections with thicknesses up to 30 m being recorded in drill holes at Buchan East.
18 TABLE 2 ORBOST INITIATIVE AREA - MINERAL OCCURRENCES
NO. Prospect name Mineralisation Resource Mapsheet Easting Northing Location Type of Host Exploration References major minor class accuracy deposit rock method 595a Haunted Stream Au MIN 566000 5855700 5 AL RE SW SA SL GE 1750 4156 19887 19889 19891 19892 19893 19894 19895 10796 595b Shady Ck Au MIN 8422 566000 5848000 6 AL RE SA SL 19892 19893 19896 655 Tara Goldfield Au MIN 8522 604000 5840000 6 RE VO SL 1777 673 Gil Groggin Mine AU? occ 8523 593600 5860600 5 RE? CM 12047 677 W Tree Au occ 8523 607600 5862300 4 FR SW vo MA GE 1039 1554 2897 690 Pyramid Mountain All occ 8523 624400 5860500 4 RE BR vo MA GE DR 2897 2898 707 Cabbage Tree Ck AU occ 8622 650600 5827000 5 AL RE SA SL GE 318 7642 709 McKenzie River Au MIN 8622 663000 5834000 5 AL SA 1743 Goldfield 710 Bemm River AU occ 8622 669000 5824000 5 RE SL 1731 711 Club Terrace AU MIN 8622 671000 5843000 6 AL FR RE SL MA GE 318 1730 2183 7642 8927 BR 9649 19154 712 Poddy Ck Au OCC 8622 671000 5837200 5 RE SL 1732 715 D.A. Ck AU occ 8623 650200 5861200 6 AL RE SA SL 289 321 5972900 719 Boulder Mine AU MIN 8623 666900 5853800 4 AL RE SA SL MA GE 377 378 379 380 597 1035 7313 727 Cobon Ck AU occ 8723 677100 5859 100 6 AL SA 318 730 Combienbar AU MIN 8723 680000 5864000 6 AL BR SA SL 318 20433 680 Bally Hooley Hill Ba MIN 8523 609800 5849800 4 DS RE vo GE 287 1620 868 Good Hope Ba Ag OCC 8522 596300 5837300 6 SB LM VO GE MA GP 287 3382 7757 20488 20519 882 ‘Tulloch Ard Rd Ba occ 8523 612900 5861400 4 RE VO 12047 20488 883 Camp Creek Ba Pb Zn occ 8523 613300 .5864400 4 RE DS SL GE GP DR 900 3287 12047 20488 886 Mount Tabby Ba Pb Zn occ 8.523 620l00 5856000 4 vo G E 7452 12047 20488 888 Goanna Ba Pb Zn CCC 8523 621800 5855300 4 RE SL GE 7452 12047 20488 669 Sunday Ck Cu occ 631500 5846100 5 DS SW GR GE DR 287 5682 19293 656 Monarch of Tara Cu Pb Au Ag occ 8522 602600 5840950 4 RE SW vo GE DR 287 1228 1359 7361 8644 658 Dominion Copper Cu Pb MIN 8522 603600 5835900 4 RE VO GE 287 899 1359 20467 20474 Mine 659 Orbost Mine CU Au occ 8522 603600 5840650 4 GE DR 1228 1359 1777 8644 661 Tara Crown Mine Cu Pb Au Ag occ 8522 604750 5842900 4 RE VO DR 287 1228 1359 667 Double Bull Ck cu Mo occ 8522 616300 5840500 5 DS RE GR SL GE MA GP 287 5682 S877 19293 DR 668 Mount Buck CU Mo occ 8522 630900 5838900 5 DS RE GR SL GE MA GP 287 1563 DR 672 Red Steer cu Mo OCC 8523 592600 5862800 4 FR DS G R GE 287 1570 1571 12047 674 Scorpion Ck CU occ 8523 595100 5861300 4 RE VO GE 1570 12047 684 Halls Peninsula CU Ag Au occ 8523 615300 5854700 4 SW BR vo GE DR 287 1620 12047 3311 691 Booths Fancy Mine cu occ 8523 631100 5850400 4 RE DS IC GR SL MA GE 287 1379 1970 12047 705 McDougalls Copper cu OCC 8622 634900 5845600 5 RE GR 1970 Lode 720 Gibson Ck CU occ 8623 667300 5849700 4 DS SB LM GE DR 280 281 597 911 Pinnak Prospect CU MO Au occ 8523 627900 5854100 4 SW DS SL GE 7452 12047 No. Prospect name Mineralisation Resource Mapsheet Easting Northing Location Type of Host rock Exploration References major minor class accuracy deposit method 912 Cu Mo Pb Au OCC 8623 636000 5860000 6 SL GE 597 7452 913 Student's Gossan cu Pb Zn Ag occ 8623 674600 5854500 4 SL GE 301 597 7293 877 Buchan East Do occ 8522 608800 5847900 6 20488 744 19575 647 Two Mile Fe MIN 8522 596100 5826800 4 LP LM MA GP DR 181 1288 1627 649 Canni Ck Fe Ba MIN 8522 597600 5836800 4 DS RE vo MA GE GP 287 900 1620 650 Five Mile Fe MIN 8522 598250 5830750 4 RP LM MA GP DR 181 287 7599 65l Seven Mile Fe MIN 8522 599300 5832100 4 RP LM GE GP DR 181 653 Iron Mask Fe Mn Ba Pb Zn MIN 8522 601250 5837100 4 DS RE vo MA GE GP 287 900 1228 20520 20521 DR 657 Gilbert Rd Ironstone Fe Mn MIN 8522 603400 5841250 4 SF LM GE GP DR 287 900 1620 660 McRaes Limonite Fe Ba MIN 8522 603600 5842700 4 SF LM MA GE GP 287 1228 11374 20522 quarry DR 662 Oxide Mine Fe Mn Pb Zn Ag MIN 8522 605700 5844700 4 SB vo GE GP DR 744 900 16I3 665 Cocks Limonite Fe MIN 8522 607100 5846700 4 SF LM MA GE GP 900 1620 1626 685 Running Ck Mn Fe Zn Ba OCC 8523 615800 5858200 4 RP LM GE MA GP 287 319 892 DR 686 Jacksons Crossing Mn Fe MIN 8523 616800 5859900 4 RP vo GE 287 892 907 652 Buchan South Ls MIN 8522 600150 5843100 3 744 2577 9441 20488 (Camerons Quarry) 675 Buchan (Rocky Ls MAJ 8523 605800 5853600 4 744 2577 9441 20488 Camp) 869 Nowa Nowa Ls occ 8522 598400 5830700 4 181 20488 874 Buchan Sth(Heaths Ls MIN 8522 603400 5842700 4 744 9441 20488 Quarry) 895 Orbost (Martins Ck) Ls occ 8623 639500 5855600 6 597 20488 897 Errinundra (Boulder Ls occ 8623 669100 5852300 6 597 20488 Flat) 648 Tallatoorook Pb CU occ 8522 596400 5837700 4 SF LM VO GE MA GP 287 3382 7757 20488 20519 654 Spring Ck. Buchan Pb Cu occ 8522 602300 5848400 5 SB LM 287 20522 664 Neils Ck P’b cu Ba OCC 8522 606000 5845300 4 SB LM GE DR 2873982897 666 Back Ck Pb cu Ag Zn Sb MIN 8522 610200 5847400 4 SB LM MA GE GP 287 898 899 3358 3915 7599 DR 20522 676 Pyramids Mine Pb Zn Ag MIN 8523 607100 5853900 4 SB LM GE GP DR 287 875 883 906 12047 678 Shaws Gully Pb Zn Ba occ 8523 608300 5854000 4 SF vo MA GE GP 287 319 900 1572 12047 DR 679 Hume Park mine Pb Zn Ag MIN 8523 608700 5850100 4 SB LM MA GE 287 890 894 898 899 7390 12047 20522 682 Blue Bullocks Ck Pb Zn occ 8523 614300 5856500 4 SF vo GE GP DR 287 900 1620 687 New Guinea Pb Zn Cu occ 8523 620200 5864800 5 SF vo MA GE 287 881 882 2897 7757 708 Crabhole Ck Pb Zn Ag cu occ 8622 661300 5840900 5 SF SL LM MA GE GP 281 597 7313 DR 722 Boulder Flat Pb-Zn Pb Zn Ba occ 8623 669300 5852000 4 SB LM MA GE GP 287 292 293 320 325 597 prospect 1 DR 723 Boulder Flat Pb-Zn Pb Zn Ag occ 8623 669300 5852600 4 SB LM MA GE GP 280 281 320 597 prospect 2 DR 724 Zinc Hill PbAg Pb Ag Ba occ 8623 670150 5853400 4 SB LM MA GE GP 287 292 293 308 310320 325 prospect DR 597 597 Falls Ck (Bruthen) Sn Au occ 8422 583500 5828400 4 AL SA 1493 1541 605 Fainting Ridge w’ Mo MIN 8423 575600 5855300 5 RE SL GE 1475 7863 TABLE 2 - LEGEND
Type of deposit Exploration Location accuracy method I
RE MA Mapping 1 +/- 1 metres (survey standard) FR GE geochemistry 2 +/- 5 metres SW GP Geophysics 3 +/- 25 metres SB DR Drilling 4 +/- 100 metres SF 5 I/- 250 metres BR 6 +/- 1 km DS IC Al. RI’
Resource class
SA OCC Occurrence of ore mineral(s) but with no known production or resource SL MIN A minor resource, usually with little production and/or resource GR MAJ A major resource, with significant production and/or reserves/resource VO
LM
CM
21 SUMMARY OF EXPLORATION
Modern exploration within the Orbost Initiative area has mainly been directed towards the search for three types of target - base metals, precious metals and iron ore. A lesser concentration of exploration has been applied to other targets including molybdenum, tungsten, tin, coal, fluorite, barite and silica sand.
The Nowa Nowa iron ore occurrences have been known for over a century. The Bureau of Mineral Resources flew a number of aeromagnetic surveys during the 1950’s for the purpose of further defining these deposits. Follow up ground magnetic surveys and drilling carried out by the Mines Department identified several concealed deposits. Further exploration and assessment of the Nowa Nowa deposits was made by Pickands Mather in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s.
During the late 1960’s through to early 1980’s Pickands Mather, Preussag, BHP, Samedan Oil, Australian Anglo American Prospecting, Jennings, Newmont and CRA conducted extensive stream sediment sampling in the search for base metal mineralisation. Significant mineralisation was identified at the Sunday Creek, Boulder Flat and Double Bull prospects in addition to numerous other minor occurrences. Through the late 1970’s and 1980’s the exploration emphasis changed to include epithermal gold mineralisation. Several large stream sediment sampling surveys (usually including BLEG sampling) were carried out by Western Mining, BHP and CRA. Extensions to known gold mineralisation were identified at the historical Haunted Stream and Tara gold fields in addition to more recent discoveries at the W Tree, Lanky Tom, Blue Spur and Kanni South prospects.
Currently there is a high level of exploration activity in the area, with attention centred upon base metal mineralisation of various styles, and hydrothermal/epithermal gold mineralisation. There remains considerable prospectivity within the Orbost Initiative Area for these targets.
Exploration licence summary
EL 50,83,86,115. G. MILTON/PICKANDS MATHER & CO. INTERNATIONAL Exploration for low grade, high tonnage porphyry-copper and Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc deposits. Extensive regional stream sediment sampling was carried out. Anomalies at Double Bull, Back Ck., Sunday Ck., the Pyramid mine and The Basin were followed up by mapping, soil sampling, ground IP and SP geophysical surveys and drilling. Eleven diamond core drill holes at the Double Bull deposit returned values up to l-2% Cu over 10-13 metres. Of 19 DDH’s over the Back Ck. prospect only 1 hit mineralisation of significance - 6 m @ 3.65% Pb, 2.59% Zn, 50 g/t Ag. References - 7599.
EL 87 (incl MSL 787) BHP MINERALS LTD. Exploration principally for base metal sulphide deposits with some additional gold and tin exploration. Fifty five stream sediment samples were taken and analysed for Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Sn, Zn, MO, Au, Pd and As. In addition stream water ph measurements were taken. Several minor Ag, MO & Cr anomalies were detected and ground magnetometer traverses made across several of these. No significant anomalies were detected. References - 7612.
EL 101, 102. CRA EXPLORATION PTY. LTD. Exploration for disseminated porphyry Cu & MO mineralisation within granite. Drainage sampling failed to detect any significant mineralisation and low background values of Cu & M O occur throughout both EL’s, however not all areas of granite were covered by sampling. The samples were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Ag, Mn, As, MO & U. References - 7620
23 EL 124. PICKANDS MATHER & CO. INTERNATIONAL Exploration for iron ore and base metal deposits in Palaeozoic rocks. Stream sediment samples were analysed for Cu, Pb & Zn. Low background levels in the Nowa Nowa area were noted in comparison to higher levels in the general Buchan area. Samples collected from the creek draining the 5 Mile deposit were not anomalous thereby placing some doubt on the suitability of the sampling /analytical techniques employed. A literature survey, sampling and analysis of Mines Department core, mapping, ground magnetic surveys and soil geochemistry surveys were conducted over the 5 Mile (which again interestingly detected only a very weak Cu anomaly) and Iron Mask deposits. Ground magnetic surveys were carried out over a number of stream sediment anomalies and IP and TURAM surveys conducted over the Five & Six Mile deposits. Two diamond core holes drilled over the Five Mile deposit and two holes on geophysical anomalies failed to identify economic mineralisation. A total of over 1,000 metres drilling carried out by the Mines Department & Pickands indicated average Cu values in the iron ore at the Five Mile deposit of only 0.072%, with a best intersection of 0.59% Cu over 70’. Ground magnetics showed the Five Mile anomaly to be the strongest and showed an untested extension to the NE towards the Six Mile anomaly. Magnetics also successfully identified the Six & Seven Mile anomalies. IP delineated a strong anomaly over the Five Mile deposit while the TURAM survey defined only several weak anomalies over the Five & Six Mile prospects. It was concluded that the iron ore potential at Nowa Nowa is not promising, unfortunately while the low Ni Nowa Nowa iron ore is well suited to blending with Savage River ore, the available magnetite ore tonnage is low (6 mt’s at the Five Mile deposit, including a substantial tonnage of haematite ore not available via magnetic separation) and there is a hard rhyodacite overburden up to 80 metres thick. References - 7626.
EL 159. PICKANDS MATHER & CO. INTERNATIONAL Exploration for an extension of the Sunday Ck. porphyry-copper type mineralisation. Weak geochemical anomalies in the NW corner of the EL indicate limited mineralisation within quartz veins as is seen elsewhere in the district. Stream sediment samples sieved to -8O# were analysed for cold- extract Cu, total Cu, Pb & Zn. Total Cu background was from 10-20 ppm , weak anomalies up to 90 ppm total Cu were found in the Serpentine Ck. drainage (cf 350 ppm @ Sunday Ck.). Pb background was approximately 30 ppm & Zn 50-150 ppm, weak Pb anomalies up to 100 ppm were located in several drainages. Reference - 7912.
EL 166, 167, 292. Mr H. SILBERBERG Airphoto interpretation, a literature survey and some investigation (including sampling) of mine workings was carried out in the Club Terrace area. A silica sand deposit near Club Terrace was investigated; 4 assays indicated a relatively pure deposit however no further work was done. An investigation of a small Cu/Mo deposit near Club Terrace concluded that it was not of any interest. References - 7642.
EL 192 HIGHLAND GOLD DEVELOPMENT Exploration for MO bearing quartz veins in granite near Wangarabell on the Genoa River (east of the Orbost Initiative area). Shallow excavations were made on six parallel structures and sporadic MO mineralisation revealed. A north-south 3 km long discontinuous line of quartz reef at Genoa Peak carries occasional Wolfram and Molybdenum mineralisation along a granite - meta-sediment contact. One assay returned 3.1 g/t Au & 2.6 g/t Ag. Limited ‘general prospecting’ was carried out and a barite occurrence in Devonian limestones six miles north of Club Terrace assayed 0.14% Pb, 0.38% Zn and 400 ppm Ag. References - 7648.
EL 233 QUILMIN MINE & EXPLORATION N.L. Work all outside the Orbost initiative area (to the NW) - includes Haunted Stream goldfield mine locations. References - 7669.
24 EL 285 RIO DE JANEIRO MINES No report available.
EL 333WYP DEVELOPMENT PTY. LTD. The company flew an aerial geophysical survey and carried out stream sediment and rock chip sampling. Twelve samples in the Weiben’s Hill locality qualitatively analysed, eleven samples taken from major drainages in the Murrungowar region analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni & Co and six panned concentrate samples analysed for a large variety of elements identified no anomalies.Several pits were excavated and investigated for heavy minerals with no significant concentrations located. Tourmaline within pegmatites were reported to be exposed on the Murrungowar Rd.References - 7686.
EL 356COOPERS CREEK MINING & EXPLORATION N.L. Investigation of the Red Steer prospect 17 km NW of Buchan in the headwaters of Blackfellows and Scorpion Creeks. Samples from dump material assayed up to 4.90%, Cu.Other than a literature study and minor sampling of the prospect no work was undertaken. References - 7687.
EL 397 COMALCO Exploration for fluorine-bearing minerals with particular emphasis over the Snowy River Volcanics unit. A literature survey, air-photo interpretation and geochemical sampling was carried out. Only minor fluorite was found and there was no indication of any potential economic mineralisation. Water sampling around the Buchan area analysed for fluorine identified several anomalies that were followed up by soil sampling (sieved to -8O#) and analysed for Pb and F. Several of the follow up areas indicated very small fluorine sources but were not considered to be significant and were not followed up further. References - 7694.
EL 455 JENNINGS MINING LTD. Exploration for volcanogenic or‘Mississippi Valley’ type base metal deposits and barite deposits concentrating on the lower Devonian Errinundra Group. Mapping, stream sediment and soil sampling, ground magnetic and IP surveys were concentrated over the ‘Boulder Flat Mineralised Zone’/Errinundra beds, Gibson Creek and Zinc Hill areas. Persistent Pb-Zn(- Ag) mineralisation was located however drilling totalling 1394 m from 10 holes over deposits at Boulder Flat and Zinc Hill gave disappointing results. References - 597, 7720.
EL 460 AMOCO PTY. LTD. Exploration for porphyry copper within Devonian granodiorites of the Orbost-Murrindal region. Exploration included geological mapping, IP & ground magnetic surveys, regional stream sediment sampling (analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, MO) and detailed soil sampling over the Stringer Knob & Mt Buck copper anomalies (defined previously by Pickands Mather). Three diamond drill holes totalling approximately 400 metres located chalcopyrite veins and disseminated mineralisation, however despite occasional high grades the mineralisation was regarded to be uneconomic. References - 7729.
EL 480 AMOCO PTY. LTD. Re-appraisal of previous exploration and some (limited) stream sediment infilling where considered warranted in the Bete Belong area. No areas worthy of further work were identified. References - 7747.
EL 500, 512, 521, 536NEWMONT HOLDINGS PTY. LTD. / MINIMP Exploration for stratabound base metal and barite mineralisation within the Snowy River Volcanics unit. Rock sampling following up on previous stream sediment surveys of Rio de Janeiro & Pickands Mather was carried out in conjunction with geological mapping.Exploration was generally concentrated upon gossan search and sampling in the vicinity of known barite ironstone, manganese rock and base metal
25 occurrences and previously highlighted anomalous areas.No economic mineralisation found. Drilling was conducted over Gilbert Rd, Iron Mask, Oxide mine and the Tara gold mine. Results were disappointing. References - 7757.
EL 534 CRA EXPLORATION PTY. LTD. Exploration for Mississippi Valley-type Pb-Zn mineralisation in the Buchan Caves limestone followed by Kuroko-type massive sulphide mineralisation in the Snowy River Volcanics unit. Traverse geological mapping, stream sediment sampling and a literature survey were carried out. Stream sediment samples (-80#) were analysed for Cu, Pb & Zn, and petrographic descriptions made of selected rock samples. No economic mineralisation was found.References - 7780.
EL’s 552, 564, 572, 684, 697, 703, 705, 766, 1203, 1204, 1466 PREUSSAG AUSTRALIA MY. LTD. Exploration for base and precious metal mineralisation in the Snowy River Volcanics and for lead-zinc mineralisation in the Buchan Cave Limestone.A number of mineralisation styles including Benambra - style volcanogenic massive sulphide, Irish type and Mississippi Valley type were used as exploration targets. Regional stream sediment sampling was carried out over the Snowy River Volcanics and systematically followed up by soil and rock chip sampling, geophysical surveys and drilling. Twenty six drill holes tested base metal targets and precious metal targets were tested by eighteen drill holes. Base metal prospects where follow up work had been conducted included Iron Mask/Iron Knob, East Buchan thrust, McRaes, Gilberts Rd, Henhams, Pyramids, Hume Park, Neils Ck, Camerons, Back Ck., Good Hope, Shaws Gully, Running Ck, Rankins Rd, Livingstones, Rodger River, Camp Ck, Oxide mine and the Three, Five, Six and Seven Mile anomalies. The best results included drill intersections of 4 metres @ 2% Pb+Zn at Iron Mask, 1.52 metres @ 10.8% Pb+Zn, 160 g/t Ag at Back Creek, 2 metres @ 2.96% Zn at Three Mile. Gold prospects followed up include the Pyramid Mountain, Blue Spur, Cashbox and Armistice prospects. Best drill intersections were 18.0 metres @ 0.74 g/t and 30 metres @ 0.75 g/t gold at Pyramid Mountain, 10 metres @ 0.99 g/t gold at Blue Spur. A quartz vein carrying silver mineralisation at Glen Shiel assayed 130 g/t Ag over 1.0 metres. References - 7390, 7829, 12047.
EL 596, 597, 1240, 1241 WESTERN MINING CORPORATION LTD. Exploration for volcanogenic massive sulphide mineralisation later switching to gold mineralisation in the Snowy River Volcanics. Over 1,500 stream sediment and 20,000 soil samples were taken.Reconnaissance geological mapping and rock sampling discovered gossan outcrops anomalous in Cu within a volcanic breccia at the Eel prospect which was further defined by detailed and extensive soil sampling, mapping, TEM & IP surveys. Two diamond core drill holes totalling 418 metres located only weak pyrite mineralisation. Detailed grid soil sampling was also carried out over a number of other prospects including the Moonkan, Goanna, Paradise Ridge, Little Yalmy, Mt Tabby, Broadbents, Little Yalmy, Pinnak and Rodger River prospects. Strong soil anomalies in the Snowy River National Park were eventually precluded from follow- up work (including the Broadbents, Rodger River, Mt Tabby, Goanna, Moonkan anomalies). There were many base metal geochemical anomalies identified in Silurian and Ordovician sediments throughout the area however they were considered to hold little potential for significant mineralisation due to their purely sedimentary origin. Gold exploration consisted of reconnaissance ground magnetic surveys carried out over several regional magnetic anomalies shown on Bairnsdale 1:250,000 sheet within the Rodger River lobe of the Snowy River Volcanics. Two anomalies were drilled but did not intersect any prospective gold mineralisation. References - 597, 7452.
EL 667 (renamed EL 1254) SAMEDAN OIL CORPORATION Exploration for volcanogenic massive sulphide base metal mineralisation largely following up on Jennings (EL 455) work. 776 regional stream sediment samples (at approx 1 sample/km), sieved to -8O# were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn & Ag. Follow up stream sediment sampling and mapping located massive pyrite and gossan float at the Crabhole Ck. prospect and drilling and trenching identified significant but uneconomic Cu-PbZn-Ag
26 syngenetic, stratiform mineralisation within thick carbonaceous shale sequences. A zone 29 x 5 km situated in the centre of the licence area was found to contain a number of other anomalous areas including the Puggaree, Pyramid Track, Student’s Gossan and Gibson Ck prospects. This anomalous zone was subsequently covered by a heliborne EM/magnetic survey and followed up with very detailed and extensive grid soil sampling analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag. 242 RC (?) holes totalling 5,151 metres and a follow-up program of 5 diamond core holes totalling 1,343 metres were drilled at Boulder Flat with the weathered bedrock analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag. Analysis indicated several stratiform continuous and discontinuous lead and zinc zones within impure limestones and calcareous carbonaceous pelites; values up to 8400 ppm Pb, 8200 ppm Zn and 59 ppm Ag were obtained.Drilling was also carried out over the Gibson Ck prospect. References - 597, 7313.
EL 671 (EL 1228) AUSTRALIAN ANGLO AMERICAN PROSPECTING PTY. LTD. Base metal exploration. Air photo interpretation was carried out and regional stream sediment sampling at approximately 2.5 samples /km2 were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zu. Selected soil and rock chip sampling, geological mapping led to follow up geophysical surveys and 2 diamond core drill holes identifying low grade porphyry Cu-Mo mineralisation at the Dogwood prospect and minor volcanogenic Pb-Zn mineralisation at Flukes Knob. 2 At the Dogwood prospect, soil samples taken over 10 km at 320 m spacing, analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, MO and As were followed up by more detailed soil sampling, a ground magnetic survey, IP traverses, and 6 diamond core holes (best intersection 34 m @ 3,866 ppm Cu; 19 m @ 506 ppm MO). At Flukes Knob, soil sampling was carried out over a 3.2*2.0 km grid on 100*200 m spacing and analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn & Ba, a ground magnetic survey and five EM traverses conducted and four diamond core holes drilled. No economic mineralisation was located at either the Dogwood or Flukes Knob prospects. Lead isotope studies suggested the mineralisation exposed in a costean at Flukes Knob was unlike that seen elsewhere in the prospect and was, in part, syngenetic. Grid soil sampling over the Red Wattle anomaly, analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, MO & As returned Cu up to 330 ppm and associated MO up to 3.5 ppm in what is probably an outlier of the Snowy River Volcanics. References - 7450.
EL 843, 844 FREEPORT AUSTRALIA MINERALS LTD. Exploration for primary gold and silver deposits with lesser emphasis also on copper, tin and tungsten mineralisation. Exploration included a literature survey, landsat analysis, regional mapping, mine workings mapping and sampling, regional stream sediment sampling and follow up sampling.Stream sediment sampling was concentrated within the SRV’s and also within the Buchan Caves Limestone, the Mt Nugong -Mt Tom area and the Bald Hills area (near Gelantipy). Detailed ridge and spur rock chip sampling of the Mt Elizabeth area, generally on a 200 m spacing located minor arsenic and base metal anomalies. Follow up sampling was carried out on several of the larger anomalies however they were considered to have no potential for economic mineralisation. References - 7863.
EL 968 PALAW PTY. LTD. Exploration for hard rock and alluvial gold and base metals deposits. A literature survey was carried out but no field work undertaken.The company concluded the auriferous reefs in the district were too narrow to host economic tonnages.References - 7521 .
EL 987 BHP MINERALS LTD. Exploration for coal. A literature survey was undertaken and twenty-one holes were drilled to depths of 80-100 metres on average, four of which intersected brown coal seams. The seams are typically thin (4-14 metres), laterally discontinuous and generally of very poor quality and are of no commercial interest. References - 7527.
EL 988 BHP MINERALS LTD. Exploration for coal.
27 EL 988 BHP MINERALS LTD. Exploration for coal. A literature survey was undertaken and twelve holes drilled to depths of 40-80 metres. One hole intersected a peaty/clayey brown coal seam 12 metres thick of very poor quality and of no commercial interest. References - 7527.
EL 1082 ESSEX PTY. LTD. Exploration for tungsten/tin mineralisation within a hypothesised extension of the Tasmanian province. A helicopter-borne EM/magnetic survey using the DIGHEM system was flown over the entire EL and literature search, some regional mapping and limited stream sediment sampling carried out. Anomalies were mapped, rock chip, soil and stream sediment sampled and surveyed by IP, one anomaly was diamond core drilled. The company apparently ceased operations leaving a number of the airborne - generated anomalies virtually untested.References - 7549, 2938, 2939, 2499.
EL 1287 CANYON RESOURCES PTY. LTD. Exploration for volcanogenic massive sulphide copper-lead-zinc-silver-gold deposits. Exploration included a literature survey, stream sediment sampling (analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As from -8O# & Sn, W from +80#), geological mapping. Stream sediment samples from the Ferntree Ck area were slightly anomalous in W (up to 40 ppm). Anomalous areas were identified over the Mt Tambo beds (anomalous Zn, W and Sn with volcanogenic massive sulphide potential) and the Haunted Stream goldfield. Sampling was carried out over Bald Hills Ck, Duke of Cornwall mine, Ensay Silver mine, Little River, Mt Simpson, Morass Ck, Nunniong Plains & South Bindi areas but they were not considered to be worthy of further investigation.The Tierney Ck - Angora Range, Hells Gate Hole and the Old Sheep Station Ck areas were considered to be worthy of more work which apparently was not carried out. References - 7463.
EL 1377 CANYON RESOURCES PTY. LTD. Exploration centred over the ‘Lanky Tom’ geochemical anomaly which was considered to represent skarn or vein base metal style mineralisation.Exploration mainly designed to follow up on sampling carried out by the Geological Survey of Victoria which located anomalous Mo & Cu in the headwaters of Lanky Tom Ck. Canyon collected 20 stream sediment samples leading to a quartz + muscovite/sericite + pyrite unit anomalous in W, Mo and As; 56 soil samples at 25 m spacings and 15 rock float samples were taken from the anomaly. Low level base and precious metal values were located but were apparently not followed up. Assay values were up to 0.37 g/t gold, 1440 ppm As, 213 ppm MO and 200 ppm W. References - 7493.
EL 1455, 1457 SAMEDAN OIL CORPORATION Exploration for syngenetic base and precious metals mineralisation within Ordovician and Silurian sediments. Airborne input EM and magnetics generated anomalies considered to be due to Tertiary cover and not the black shale sequences sought. A total of 33 stream sediment samples were taken and analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn and As. Several minor, isolated Zn anomalies were identified however results were generally disappointing. References - 7497.
EL 1491 FREEPORT AUSTRALIA MINERALS LTD. Exploration for exhalative base and precious metal mineralisation within interbedded sediments of the Snowy River Volcanics at Fluke’s Knob and porphyry-style base metal mineralisation associated with post Ordovician granodiorites at Dogwood. Exploration followed on from previous work undertaken by Anglo American Prospecting (EL 1228) at Flukes Knob. Limited rock chip sampling (8 samples) were assayed for gold (fire assay), Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Ba and As (AAS) and two pan concentrate samples taken. Results from the limited work carried out were not encouraging. References - 6599.
28 EL 1514 FREEPORT AUSTRALIA MINERALS LTD. Exploration for exhalative precious metal mineralisation within interbedded sediments of the Snowy River Volcanics at Fluke’s Knob and porphyry-style base metal mineralisation associated with post Ordovician granodiorites at Dogwood. Exploration followed on from previous work undertaken by Anglo American Prospecting (EL 1228) at Dogwood. Nine float and outcrop samples from across a 1000 m traverse over the anomalous zone assayed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As and Au and two pan concentrate samples taken. Gold values up to 0.11 g/t were reported but apparently not considered to warrant detailed follow up; no other significant precious or base metal values were found. References - 4104
EL 1633 BHP MINERALS LTD. Exploration for epithermal gold mineralisation within the Snowy River Volcanics and their equivalents. Exploration consisted of regional stream sediment (BLEG) with follow up BLEG and rock chip sampling identified minor gold mineralisation within quartz veined Ordovician sediments and diorite intrusives near Copper Ck. Some anomalous drainages were not followed up due to access problems. Values up to 0.52 g/t gold were obtained from rock chip samples along the Serpentine Track and up to 7.8 g/t gold and 1.9% copper from a diorite intrusive near the Copper Ck mine. Further sampling indicated mineralisation at both prospects was localised and discontinuous and was not considered to warrant follow up exploration. References - 1076, 1077, 1080, 1379, 1380.
EL 1658 BHP MINERALS LTD. Initially exploration was for epithermal gold mineralisation in the Snowy River Volcanics later transferring to Irish-style Pb-Zn mineralisation within the Buchan Caves Limestones and/or Taravale Formation. Exploration included 150 regional stream sediment (BLEG) with follow up BLEG & rock chips sampling from nine anomalous drainages. The main anomalous areas were associated with quartz stockwork veins south of the Yalmy fault. Stream sediment samples analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn & Ba returned the best values in the Basin area with several Pb-Zn anomalies indicated. An aeromagnetic and radiometric survey highlighted several bullseye anomalies, however follow up ground-magnetic surveys downgraded their potential. A regional IP survey over the Buchan Group defined several anomalies in the Buchan North and Buchan South area which were all drilled by RC/Diamond core. Results from the drilling and a subsequent SIROTEM survey indicated that the majority of anomalies were due to cultural features. No Pb-Zn mineralisation was intersected. References - 4368.
EL 1659 BHP MINERALS LTD. Exploration for epithermal gold deposits in the Snowy River Volcanics and surrounding basement. About 250 regional stream sediment samples analysed by BLEG were taken in conjunction with rock chip sampling analysed for Au, Ag, Cu. Pb & Zn. The W Tree Creek area was highlighted by widespread pyrite mineralisation in rhyolite and a stream sediment gold anomaly. Follow up rock chip samples exceeding 3 g/t gold associated with a fault, grid surveying, geological mapping, trenching and soil sampling further defined the anomaly. The company considered the mineralisation to be clearly of epithermal origin however later work indicated the significant mineralisation was confined to quartz stockwork and veins and there was no potential for large tonnages of ore grade material. Grid soil sampling and 44 rock chips were also collected over the old Glen Shiel silver mine area - no soil gold values exceeded detection limit, rock chips assayed up to 1.0 g/t. Core from previous company drilling (Preussag, EL’s 1203, 1204) was re- assayed with a highest result of 0.3 g/t gold. Mapping of the ‘Eastern Fault’ near Butcher’s Ck. indicated a strike length over 600 metres. Trenching failed to locate economic mineralisation. References - 1038, 1039, 1554.
EL 1660 MUMBIL MINES N.L. Exploration within the Haunted Stream goldfield for auriferous quartz veins with associated stockwork and/or disseminated mineralisation with the potential for 1 million tonnes grading 3 g/t amenable to open cut mining or 250,000 tonnes at 12 g/t of underground ore. A literature survey, 38 reconnaissance soil samples and rock chip samples analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au and As from over the Kiewa fault area near Stirling and a traverse of samples along Conns Tk failed to
29 detect any mineralisation. A second traverse north of Haunted Stream track located As and Cu-Zn anomalies which were apparently not followed up. References - 7571.
EL 1684 MUMBIL MINES N.L. Exploration centred over the Lanky Tom gold-tungsten-molybdenum anomaly (see EL 1684). A ground magnetic survey, 68 soil & 8 rock chip samples from a 300 x 200 m grid were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, As, MO, Bi & W and identified a As, MO, Cu and minor Au anomaly. Follow up work failed to locate economic mineralisation. References - 1004, 1005, 1393.
EL 1786 BENDIGO GOLD ASSOCIATES PTY. LTD. Exploration for primary and alluvial gold deposits particularly alluvial deposits in the Errinundra valley and upper Ada drainage. Approximately 50 pan concentrate and BLEG samples were taken. Follow up of slightly anomalous samples in the Ada River failed to detect any further significant anomalies. References - 988, 1097, 2476.
EL 1788 BENDIGO GOLD ASSOCIATES PTY. LTD. Initially exploration for alluvial gold in the Brodribb River drainage followed by exploration for primary gold deposits. A lack of alluvial deposit volumes downgraded the potential for economic deposits. Limited mapping and nine rock chip samples taken to test the potential for primary gold mineralisation associated with shearing activity did not give any encouragement. References-990,1098
EL 1824 TICANE PTY. LTD. Exploration for gold-copper-silver mineralisation associated with the Snowy River Volcanics (?) granodiorite basement unconformity. Literature survey. Sampling in the Red Steer and Scorpion Ck areas identified anomalous gold values and rock chip sampling at Scorpion Ck confirmed the presence of gold, copper and silver in quartz-sulphide mineralisation. Samples from the Red Steer prospect were generally not encouraging. Thirty nine BLEG samples were taken regionally. References - 1552, 1570, 3440.
EL 1831, 1833 EQUITY MINERALS PTY. LTD. Exploration for large tonnage, disseminated gold deposits in the Ordovician metasediments or Devonian granodiorite. A literature survey and evaluation of previous exploration was made however no field work was undertaken. References - 2938, 2939, 2499.
EL 1906 CRA EXPLORATION PTY. LTD. Exploration to test the large tonnage, low grade disseminated gold potential of known hydrothermally mineralised areas near Orbost - including the Double Bull, Mt Buck, Sunday Ck and Stringers Knob porphyry copper-type prospects. Twenty four stream sed. samples were analysed by BLEG and the -180# fraction for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, MO, Sb, Bi & Au. One slightly anomalous gold value of 4.35 ppb (BLEG) and 3 ppb (-180#) was detected. A total of 111 rock chip samples were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, Mo, Sb, Bi & Au. Several samples assayed up to 0.18 g/t gold and one sample of silicified and quartz veined sandstone from the Garnet track north of Double Bull returned 0.43 g/t gold. With the exception of several samples slightly anomalous in Mn, Cu and MO no anomalous base metal mineralisation was detected. The rock sampling indicated that the widespread pyrite mineralisation contains little or no gold. References - 1101, 2276.
30 EL 2134 CRA EXPLORATION PTY. LTD. Exploration for large hydrothermal systems in and around granitoid plutons and major faults. Eighty three stream sediment samples (average 1 sample/5 km2) were analysed by BLEG and the -8O# assayed for Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, MO, Bi and Sb. Assays up to 6.55 ppb Au, 70 ppm Cu and 95 ppm As were detected from eastern tributaries of the Tambo River. Four rock chip samples were taken from a gold anomaly in the catchment of Wattle Circle Creek and five rock samples submitted for petrographic analysis from a gold anomaly (4.9 ppb from a stream sample) in Pheasant Creek. No significant mineralisation or assay values were detected from the follow up sampling. References - 2620, 3195, 3787, 6653.
EL 2137 CRA EXPLORATION PTY. LTD. Exploration for large hydrothermal systems in and around granitoid plutons and major faults. Forty eight stream sediment samples (av. 1 sample/5km2) analysed by BLEG and the -8O# fraction for Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, Mo, Bi & Sb. Anomalous gold up to 55 ppb from -8O# and 1.6 ppb from BLEG was detected from the Tambo Spur and Mt Elizabeth areas, minor anomalous base metal values were detected south of Holstons. However 21 rock chip samples failed to detect significant values and follow up sampling from an anomaly at Lockup Ck failed to reproduce previous anomalous results. No anomalies were detected from follow up sampling in the Mt Elizabeth areas. A sample of veined hornfels float in a catchment adjacent to Lockup Ck returned 1.18 g/t gold, follow up sampling (9 rock chip samples) failed to detect values greater than 0.01 g/t. References - 2189, 2491, 2492, 3143, 4392.
EL 2139 CRA EXPLORATION PTY. LTD. Sixty two stream sediment samples (5-10 samples/km2) were taken and analysed by BLEG and the -8O# fraction for Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, MO, Bi & Sb. Results up to 15 ppb Au (-80#) and 1.75 ppb (BLEG) were detected. Follow up stream sediment, soil & rock chip sampling failed to detect any area with a potential for high tonnage, low grade gold deposits. No base metal anomalies were detected. References - 1361, 2531.
EL 2141 CRA EXPLORATION PTY. LTD. Exploration for auriferous hydrothermal systems in and around granitoid plutons and major faults in the Club Terrace area. Twenty seven stream sediment samples (average 1 sample/5km2) were analysed by BLEG, and the -8O# fraction for Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, MO, Bi & Sb. A single anomalous gold value of 1.4 ppb (BLEG) and 35 ppb(-80#) was detected in Poddy Creek. No other anomalous values were detected. Four rock chip samples were taken from the anomalous Poddy Ck area; the highest assay returned 0.07 ppb gold. No other exploration was conducted. References - 2183, 3048.
EL 2534 DELTA GOLD N.L. Exploration for epigenetic, vein-hosted copper and large, high grade greisen-type tungsten deposits associated with granitic intrusions. Air photo interpretation was carried out and 48 rock chip samples from the Lanky Tom anomaly were analysed for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Bi, W, Sn, Mo & As. Assay values up to 0.14 g/t gold, 760 ppm Cu, 310 ppm Pb & 1050 ppm MO were obtained. Results were considered to indicate that the potential for a large tonnage resource at the Lanky Tom prospect was small. References - 6444, 7052.
EL 2560 BHP MINERALS LTD. Exploration for an Irish-style Pb-Zn deposit. A 15.8 km IP survey identified two anomalous zones. One anomaly was drilled (RC & DDH) to a total depth of 300 metres and found “minor diagenetic pyrite (...locally to 5%) with traces of chalcopyrite and sphalerite of diagenetic and detrital origin”. Analysis of Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, As & Sb all returned very low values. References - 3658, 4411.
31 EL 2568 BHP MINERALS LTD. Exploration for ironstone associated Cu-Au mineralisation centred over three aeromagnetic bullseye anomalies approximately 5km ENE of Buchan. Ground magnetic surveys over the three anomalies indicated they were all of low to moderate amplitude and did not represent significant magnetic ironstone bodies but rather were small intrusive plugs within volcanics. References - 3769, 6351.
EL 3245WESTERN MINING CORPORATION LTD. Exploration for gold mineralisation within the southern section of the Snowy River Volcanics. Regional stream sediment sampling, mapping and aeromagnetic interpretation identified a number of anomalies many of which were followed up by mapping, grid soil sampling, limited ground geophysical surveys and bulk rock-chip/float sampling.Diamond core drilling was carried out over the ‘Hardrock (Nowa Nowa) iron skarn”;no significant gold mineralisation was located, however low grade pyrite - associated Au-Cu-Bi-Te mineralisation was shown to be controlled by extensive north-south trending breccia-shear zones within the Yalmy Group sediments. Detailed ground magnetic surveys (IP and magnetics), soil sampling and drilling were carried out over the Armistice (Mt Tara volcanic arm of the Snowy River Volcanics), Kanni South, Monarch, Three Mile and Arsenal prospects. The best intersection from the drilling program was 11.1 metres @ 0.51 g/t gold and 0.46% copper from within a brecciated quartzite carrying significant sulphide mineralisation at the Monarch prospect. Values from rock chip samples up to 17.8 g/t (Orbost mine), 6.56 g/t (Monarch prospect) and 5.07 g/t (Kanni South) were found. An extensive review of previous base metal and gold exploration carried out by WMC and Preussag was also made. References - 17844.
EL 3315 CRA EXPLORATION PTY. LTD. Exploration for large, auriferous hydrothermal systems associated with granitoid bodies and major faults. Stream sediments samples were taken and analysed by BLEG (-2mm) for gold and on the -8O# fraction for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, MO, Bi, Sb (by ICP) and Au (AAS). The best value was 107 ppb/<3 ppb gold from Bola Ck. downstream from the Boulder mine. Follow up traverses located only very low gold values from float and it was concluded the EL had no potential for economic gold or base metal mineralisation. References - 17840.
32 Table 3. ORBOST INITIATIVE AREA EXPLORATION LICENCE SUMMARY
0 0 1 19/10/70 I 0 0 N/A 1 0 N,., I I I o N/A 1 I I I I I ,” “,“..,, a N/A 1 I 0 I 0 I II 06/oq/72 1x/10/72 170171 11 ]I N/AN/P\ 11 I1 0 1 1I 0 1I 0 I I
173 1 28/08/7-i 1 66,694 0 I 0 I 0 I 13. 480 AMOCO 29/06,.171 . . I b..,,11,,1,71 “‘,,X I 2.l,-\I Ihrl” I I I I -n II n- I EL500 1 NE\VMONT/ICI .\UST 1 2X/09/73 1 05/02/75 1 Nl.1 1 0 I I 0 I ! O II 174 1 22/01/75 N/A 0 0 0 1 “S/02/75 N/A 0 0 0 l/Oh/75 8,422 0 0 0
see El. 1466 0 0 0 0 0 0 466 0 0 0 0 0 0 EL 766 1’RI:LxS.\c~ I 13/03/x0 12/0.1,/M xc EI 1466 0 0 0 0 0 0 El. 8.43 I 1:1~1’.1:1’01cT .\USTK.\LI.\ I 1 S,~Otl/SO 1 10/02/x3 xc 1x x-14 0 0 0 0 n EL 844 I 1’l
‘8.3 1 04/07,‘85 1 N/A 1 0 I I 0 I 0 I I I 0 n I I I 1 0 [2.269.0X,] 0 0 0 1 0 0 I I I n I * I
0
. . _, . I 0 ‘HCAhx 1 16/10/87 [ 15/10/w I 20.5’15 0 0
‘X6 1 02/08/RR ‘XX I 7XA61Q.4 I
33 Table 3. ORBOST INITIATIVE AREA EXPLORATION LICENCE SUMMARY (Continued)
Expenditure figures in square brackets ( [....] )indicates expenditure was joint reported with several Exploration Licences not listed.
34 ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTIVITY
The Orbost survey area is host to a variety of mineralisation styles for gold and base metals as well as being an important source area for limestone used for paper manufacture, quicklime, flux, stockfeed and agricultural lime. Mining in the past has been on a small scale, focussed on exploitation of narrow vein gold-quartz reefs in Ordovician metasediments and stratabound lead- zinc veining in Devonian limestones.
Major exploration targets for the area include porphyry copper-gold systems developed in and adjacent to magnetic I-type intrusives, epithermal gold systems associated with Devonian volcanic sequences, gold skarns developed in carbonate rocks adjacent to I-type intrusives and stratabound base metal deposits associated with both sediments and volcanics in a variety of tectonic settings.
The area encompasses parts of the Harrietville-Dargo, Benambra and Mallacoota gold provinces, together with the Buchan and Errinundra base metal provinces.
Individual historic goldfields within the survey area offer the potential for large tonnage -low grade gold operations through the mining of stockwork zones between quartz reefs. Immediate targets for this style of gold mineralisation include the Shady Creek and Haunted Stream goldfields in the west and small goldfields around the Bemm River in the east.
Porphyry copper-gold systems remain an attractive target throughout the survey area. A number of copper occurrences within and adjacent to granitic to dioritic magnetic I-type intrusives have been recorded to the east of the Snowy River Volcanics main belt, and were the subject of exploration programs in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The new geophysics indicates that the intrusives in which many of these prospects are found have a strong magnetic response and represent parts of much larger shallow subsurface plutons, increasing the prospectivity of the immediately adjacent metasediments.
There exists some potential in the survey area for gold skarn mineralisation in carbonate beds adjacent to I-type intrusives. Massive pyrite associated with subsurface Silurian? limestone at Nowa Nowa may represent an example of this target type.
Epithermal gold in the Snowy River Volcanics and in Lower Palaeozoic metasediments has represented a major exploration target in the survey area since the mid 1980s. Low level gold and silver associated with silicic and argillic alteration in the main belt of Snowy River Volcanics indicate the potential for epithermal systems in this area.
The new geophysical data clearly indicates the presence of a circular caldera structure centred on Mount Elizabeth, together with a peripheral ring dyke. These structures, together with pyritic alteration in Snowy River Volcanics adjacent to a late stage intrusive at Mount Elizabeth, represent attractive targets for epithermal gold systems in the western part of the area.
Within the main belt of Devonian Snowy River Volcanics and overlying Buchan Group limestones, stratabound lead-zinc mineralisation is preferentially located in limestones adjacent to the often faulted eastern boundary of the Buchan Group. This area remains one of some potential for Mississippi Valley-type and Irish-type base metal mineralisation, while the Snowy River Volcanics remain a target for volcanogenic base metal mineralisation.
35 The Devonian Errinundra Group in the northeastern corner of the survey area has been explored during the last two decades for volcanic associated stratiform silver-lead-zinc deposits. While no economic mineralisation has been discovered to date, the area remains prospective for this style of mineralisation. The new geophysical data indicates that the Errinundra Group extends in a southwest direction, enhancing the prospectivity of this part of the area for base metals.
In addition to base metals and gold, the survey area contains large reserves of high grade limestone within the Buchan Caves Limestone that may be suitable for quarrying. As well as agricultural and industrial uses for the limestones, a potential market exists for use as dimension stone.
36 REFERENCES (Ordered by reference number)
181 BELL, G., 1959. The iron ore deposits of Nowa Nowa, eastern Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Bulletin 57. Department of Mines, Victoria, 48 pp.
280 BAGLIN, G.R., HOUSTON, M.J. & TAYLOR, B.G., 1982. Samedan Oil Corporation. EL 667, Club Terrace, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 30 September 1982. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
281 BAGLIN, G.R. & HOUSTON, M.J., 1983. Samedan Oil Corporation. EL 1254 (ex 667), Club Terrace, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 31 March 1983. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
287 COCHRANE, G.W., 1982. Copper, lead, zinc and barium deposits of Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Bulletin 61. Department of Minerals & Energy, Victoria, 166 pp.
289 COZENS, B., 1984. Bruce Cozens & Associates. Geologist’s report to accompany an application for EL 1441, Goongerah.. May 1984. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
292 EVANS, R.C., 1975. Jennings Mining Ltd. Errinundra project: EL 455 - Review of exploration. 1 July - 31 December 1975. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
293 EVANS, R.C., 1976. Jennings Mining Ltd. Errinundra Project: EL 455 - Review of exploration. 30 June 1976. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
301 HOUSTON, M.J. & TAYLOR, B.G., 1984. Samedan Oil Corporation.EL 1254, Club Terrace, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 31 March 1984. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
308 NOTT, R.J., 1980. Report on diamond drilling - Zinc Hill base metal prospect, Errinundra, eastern Victoria.Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1980/100.
310 O’SHEA, P.J., 1978. Geological report on mineralization at Zinc Hill, Errinundra, eastern Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1978/63.
318 STIRLING, J., 1898. Report on auriferous localities in Croajingolong. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 9, pp, 57-58.
319 BERRY, M.V., 1983. Preussag Australia P/L. ELs 1203 & 1204, Tara Joint Venture, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 30 September 1983. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
37 320 VAN TATENHOVE, A., 1984. The geology and mineralization of au area near Boulder Flat, East Gippsland. BSc (Hons) thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne (unpubl.).
321 WHITELAW, O.A.L., 1897. Report on the new gold-field of Ellery Creek. Geological Survey of Victoria Special Report.
325 EVANS, R.C., 1976. Jennings Mining Ltd. EL 455, Errinundra project. Report for the six monthly period 1 July - 31 December 1976. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
377 ANON., 1899. Victoria : Its mines and minerals. Special Edition of the Australian Mining Standard, 1 June 1899.
378 EASTON, J.G., 1928. Boulder Mine, Errinundra, Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 5(3), pp. 398-399.
379 EASTON, J.G., 1937. Gippsland Boulder - Errinundra. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 5(4), pp. 509- 510.
380 KENNY, J.P.L., 1937. Boulder Mine, Errinundra. Mining and Geological Journal l( 1). Department of Mines, Victoria, pp 32-33.
398 FERGUSON, W.H., 1898. Report on geological survey of au area in the Buchan district. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 7, pp 100-102.
597 VANDENBERG, A.H.M., NOTT, R.J. & GLEN, R.A., 1991. Bendoc 1:100 000 map geological report. Geological Survey of Victoria Report No. 90.
744 TEICHERT, C. & TALENT, J.A., 1958..Geology of the Buchan area, East Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Memoir 21. Department of Mines, Victoria, 56 pp.
875 BAIN, A.D.N., 1949. Note on a recent galena excavation on the west side of the River Murrindal Buchan. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1949/4A.
881 FERGUSON, W.H., 1899. Report on geological survey of Snowy River valley. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 11, pp. 20-22.
882 FERGUSON, W.H., 1899. Notes on some galena deposits. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 11, pp. 26-27.
883 FERGUSON, W.H., 1899. Report on silver-lead deposits Murrindal River. Geological Survey of Victoria, Monthly Progress Report 4-5, pp. 19-20.
890 HOWITT, A.W., 1878. Notes on the Devonian rocks of north Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 5, pp. 129-136.
38 892 KENNY, J.P.L., 1921. Manganese deposits at Jackson’s Crossing, Snowy River. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 4(3). pp. 305-308.
894 MURRAY, R.A.F., 1885. Appendix C. Silver-lead mines at Buchan. Tbe Goldfields of Victoria. Reports of the Mining Registrars for the quarter ended 31st December 1885, 66 pp.
898 ROSALES, H., 1898. Report on the silver-lead mines Buchan district. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 9, pp. 102-104.
899 ROSALES, H., 1898. Report on Buchan and Murrindal districts. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 9, pp. 104-106.
900 ADAMS, R.W. & BERRY, M.V., 1983. Preussag Australia P/L. ELs 1203 & 1204, Tara Joint Venture, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 31 March 1983. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
906 THOMAS, D.E., 1952. Pyramids mine, Parish of Buchan. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1952/5.
907 THOMPSON, B.R., 1965. Report on a manganiferous showing near Buchan. Mining and Geological Journal 6(5). Department of Mines, Victoria, pp 27-28.
988 SWENSSON, C.C., 1988. Bendigo Gold Associates P/L. EL 1876, Errinundra, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 8 January 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
990 SWENSSON, C., 1988. Bendigo Gold Ltd. EL 1788, Brodribb River. Six monthly report for the period ending 8 January 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1004 MACKENZIE, I., 1987. Mumbil Mines N.L. EL 1684, Lanky Tom Prospect, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending March 1987. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1005 SULLIVAN, M.P., 1987. Mumbil Mines N.L. EL 1684, Lanky Tom Prospect, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending September 1987. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1035 TOMLINSON, K.M., 1987. Golden Shamrock Mines Ltd. Report on ML 861 - Boulder Mine Club Terrace. March 1987. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1038 SLATER, D., 1988. BHP-UTAH Minerals International. EL 1659, Murrindal, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 13 May 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
39 1039 BHP MINERALS EXPLORATION., 1987. EL 1659, Murrindal, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 13 November 1987. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1076 SLATER, D., 1988. EL 1633, Yalmy, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 23 April 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1077 BHP MINERALS EXPLORATION., 1987. EL 1633, Yalmy, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 23 April 1987. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1080 BHP MINERALS EXPLORATION., 1987. EL 1633, Yalmy, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 23 October 1987. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1097 SWENSSON, C.G., 1988. Bendigo Gold Associates P/L. EL 1786, Errinundra, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 8 July 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1098 SWENSSON, C., 1988. Bendigo Gold Associates P/L. EL 1788, Brodribb River. Final report for the period ending 8 July 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1101 HUGHES, A.R., 1988. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 1906, Stringers Knob, Orbost area, Victoria. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1228 BARR, D.J., 1988. Western Mining Corporation Ltd. EL 1662, Nowa Nowa, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 5 November 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1288 LYNCH, J., 1902. The Grand Trunk Co. Mining Development Reports (unpublished). Department of Mines, Victoria, pp 117-120.
1359 LENARD, M.F., 1989. Western Mining Corporation Ltd. EL 1662, Nowa Nowa, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 5 May 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1361 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1989. CRA Exploration P/L. Mount Jack, Victoria. Final report for the period ending July 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1379 BHP MINERALS EXPLORATION., 1989. EL 1633, Yalmy, Victoria. Final report for the period ending May 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1380 BHP MINERALS EXPLORATION., 1988. EL 1633, Yalmy, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 23 October 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
40 1393 MACKENZIE, I.F., 1989. Mumbil Mines N.L. EL 1684, Lanky Tom Prospect, Victoria. Final and six monthly report for the period ending January 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1475 THOMAS, D.E. & CROHN, P.W., 1952. Wolfram at Fainting Range. Mining and Geological Journal, 4(5). Department of Mines, Victoria, PP 29-30.
1493 COCHRANE, G.W. & BOWEN, K.G., 1971. Tin deposits of Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Bulletin 60. Department of Mines, Victoria, 72 pp.
1541 HERMAN, H., 1899. Report on alleged tin and gold discovery at Falls Creek near Bruthen. Geological Survey of Victoria Records l(l), pp. 70-71.
1552 TAHAN, G., 1989. Pertzel Tahan & Associates P/L. EL 1824. Six monthly report for the period ending 14 April 1989. Department of Energy and Mineral Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1554 BHP MINERALS EXPLORATION., 1988. EL 1659, Murrindal, Victoria. Final report for the period ending 13 November 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1563 LAFOREST, P., 1974. Amoco Minerals Australia Company. EL 460, Bete Bolong project. Final report for the period ending May 1974. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1570 COUPER, J.K., 1988. Ticane P/L. EL 1824, Timbarra prospect area, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 15 October 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1571 COZENS, B., 1971. Coopers Creek Mining. EL 356, Coopers Creek. Summary of the Red Steer prospect area, Victoria. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1572 HARRISON, D.M., 1976. Jennings Mining Ltd. ELs 552, 564 & 572, Tarra joint venture project, eastern Australia. Quarterly report for period ending 31 March 1976. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1613 COCHRANE, G.W., 1974. Newmont P/L. EL 512, Tara Range, eastern Gippsland. Quarterly report for period ending 31 March 1974. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1620 COCHRANE, G.W., 1975. Newmont Australia Ltd. ELs 496, 500, 512, 521 & 536, East Gippsland, Victoria. Final report. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
1626 TALENT, J.A., 1961. Limestone deposits of the Buchan district. GeologicalSurvey of Victoria Report 1961/22.
41 1627 NOTT, R.J., 1980. Geological and magnetic survey of the Two Mile iron ore deposit, Nowa Nowa, East Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1980/17.
1730 STIRLING, J., 1898. Notes on the auriferous reefs in progress of development at Club Terrace. Geological Survey, of Victoria Progress Report 9, pp. 58-59.
1731 WHITELAW, O.A.L., 1898. Report on Alford’s reef, Lower Bemm. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 9, p 64.
1732 WHITELAW, O.A.L., 1898. Report on Poddy’s Creek reefs, Lower Bemm. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 9, pp. 64-65.
1743 FLEET, J., 1979. The history of gold discovery in Victoria. The Poppet Head Press, Melbourne.
1750 WHITELAW, O.A.L., 1899. Report on the geological features of Haunted Stream goldfield. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 10, pp. 35-36.
1777 DUNN, E.J., 1907. The Mount Tara goldfield eastern Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 2(1), pp. 46-47.
1977 DUNN, E.J., 1909. Copper lodes at Sardine Creek and Snowy River. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 3(l), p 71.
2183 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1989. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2141, Club Terrace, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 20 October 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2189 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1989. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2137, Tambo Crossing, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 25 November 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2276 PATTERSON, G.W. & KRATOCHVIL, M., 1989. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 1906, Stringers Knob, Orbost area, Victoria. Final report for the period ending February 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2476 SWENSSON, C.G., 1988. Bendigo Gold Associates P/L. EL 1786, Errinundra, Victoria. Final report fox the period ending November 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2491 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1988. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2137, Tambo Crossing, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 25 November 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
42 2492 HUGHES, A.R., 1989. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2137, Tambo Crossing, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 25 May 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2499 ROBINSON, P.F., 1989. Equity Minerals Ltd, Peter J. Gillard & Marion M. Robinson. ELs 1831 & 1833. Six monthly report for the period ending 1 February 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2531 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1988. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2139, Mount Jack, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending 12 November 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2577 DEPARTMENT OF MINES, VICTORIA., 1949. Victorian building stones (1949 Reprint), 25 pp.
2620 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1990. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2134, Ensay, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 13 January 1990. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2771 CAS, R.A.F. & VANDENBERG, A.H.M., 1988. Ordovician. In J.G. Douglas & J.A. Ferguson (eds). Geology of Victoria. Geological Society of Australia, Victorian Division, Melbourne, pp 63-102.
2839 DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRY, TECHNOLOGY & RESOURCES., 1989. LIC 619. Extractive Industry Working Plans & Proposals. Mineral Resources Compactus, Geological Survey of Victoria.
2897 BERRY, M.V., 1984. Preussag Australia P/L. ELS 1203 & 1204, Tara Joint Venture, Victoria. Quarterly report for the period April -June 1984. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2898 BERRY, M.V., 1985. Preussag Australia P/L. ELs 1203, 1204 & 1466, Tara Joint Venture, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 31 March 1985. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
2900 WHITELAW, O.A.L., 1899. Notes on the Devonian rocks of Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria, Monthly Progress Report 2, pp. 16-22.
2938 LEWIS, M., 1989. Mining Tenement Consultants Exploration Contractors EL 1833. Six monthly report for the period ending 1 August 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3048 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1990. CRA Exploration P/L. Club Terrace, Victoria. Final report for the period ending July 1990. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3143 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1990. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2137, Tambo Crossing, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 25 May 1990. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
43 3195 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1990. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2134, Ensay, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 13 July 1990. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3287 ADAMS, R.W., 1982. Preussag Australia P/L. ELs 552, 564, 572, 684, 697, 705 & 766, Tara Joint Venture, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 30 September 1982. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3311 MCGEE, W.A., 1970. Pickands Mather & Co. Buchan, Victoria. Report on the Hall’s Peninsula prospect. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3351 VANDENBERG, A.H.M., 1977. Bairnsdale. 1:250 000 scale geological map. Department of Minerals and Energy.
3358 MURRAY, R.A.F., 1898. Report on Buchan Proprietary Mine.Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 9, p 106.
3381 DUNN, E.J., 1907. The Back Creek Silver-Lead Mine near Buchan Eastern Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 2(1), pp 35-36.
3382 DUNN, E.J., 1907. The Good Hope Silver Mine near Buchan.Geological Survey of Victoria Report 2( 1), p 50.
3440 TAHAN, G., 1989. Pertzel Tahan & Associates P/L. EL 1824, Timbarra, eastern Victoria. Final report for the period ending November 1989. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3658 GREGORY, P.W. & READ, J.J., 1990. BHP-UTAH Minerals Exploration. EL 2560, Buchan South, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 25 November 1990. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3769 GREGORY, P.W. & READ, J.J., 1991. BHP-UTAH Minerals Exploration. EL 2568, Balley Hooley, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 5 January 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3787 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1991. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2134, Ensay, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 13 January 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
3915 CROMIE, P., 1990. Base metal occurrences of the Buchan Caves Limestone, Victoria. BSc (Hons) thesis, Department of Geology, University of Melbourne (unpubl.).
4104 FREEPORT OF AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED., 1986. EL 1514, Dogwood, eastern Victoria. Final report for the period 2 August 1985 - 31 May 1986. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
44 4156 SULLIVAN, M.P., 1987. Mumbil N.L. EL 1660, Tambo Prospect, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending September 1987. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
4368 GREGORY, P.W., READ, J.J., CAMERON, J. & IRVINE, R., 1991. BHP-UTAH Minerals International. EL 1658, Buchan, Victoria. Final and six monthly report for the period ending 14th May 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
4392 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1991. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2137/1, Tambo Crossing, Victoria. Final report for the period ending June 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
4411 GREGORY, P.W. & READ, J.J., 1991. BHP-UTAH Minerals International. EL 2560, Buchan South, Victoria. Final and six monthly report for the period ending 25 May 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
5682 TAN, S.H., 1981. Assays on selected core samples from the Double Bull and Sunday Creek prospects in East Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1981/67.
5877 WHITTLE, A.W.G., 1978. Mineralogical reports carried out by A.W.G. Whittle and Associates on samples from various locations in East Gippsland submitted by G. Cochrane. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1978/50.
6351 GREGORY, P.W., 1991. BHP-UTAH Minerals International. EL 2568, Balley Holley, Victoria. Final and six monthly report for the period ending 12th July 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
6444 COLLIS, G.D., 1991. Delta Gold N.L. EL 2534, Lanky Tom, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending August 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
6599 FREEPORT OF AUSTRALIA INCORPORATED., 1986. EL 1491, Fluke’s Knob, eastern Victoria. Final report 8 March 1985 - 31 May 1986. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
6653 KRATOCHVIL, M., 1991. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 2134, Ensay, Victoria. Final report for the period ending September 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7052 COLLIS, G.D., 1991. Delta Gold N.L. EL 2534, Lanky Tom, Victoria. Final and six monthly report for the period ending December 1991. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7293 TAYLOR, B.G., 1985. Samedan Oil Corporation. EL 1254, Club Terrace, Victoria. Report for the six monthly period ending 31 March 1985. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
45 7313 SAMEDAN OIL CORPORATION., 1986. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 1254 (ex 667). Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7361 ADAMS, R.W. & BERRY, M.V., 1984. Preussag Australia P/L. ELs 1203 & 1204, Tara Joint Venture, Victoria, Australia. Report for the six monthly period ending 31 March 1984. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7390 PREUSSAG AUSTRALIA P/L., 1985. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 1203 & 1204 (ex 552, 564 & 572). Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7450 AUSTRALIAN ANGLO AMERICAN PROSPECTING P/L., 1983. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 1228 (ex 671). Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7452 WESTERN MINING CORPORATION LTD. & BP MINING DEVELOPMENT., 1985. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 1240 & 1241 (ex 596 & 597). Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7463 CANYON RESOURCES P/L. & PLAGOLMIN P/L., 1985. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 1287 & 1302. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7493 CANYON RESOURCES P/L., 1985. EL 1377, Lanky Tom Prospect, Victoria. Six monthly report for the period ending September 1985. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7497 SAMEDAN OIL CORPORATION., 1986. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 1454, 1455, 1457 & 1458. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7521 CRA EXPLORATION P/L., 1982. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 968. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7527 BHP MINERALS LTD. & DAMPIER MINING CO. LTD., 1982. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 984, 985, 987 & 988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7549 ESSEX MINERALS COMPANY., 1982. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 1082. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7571 MUMBIL MINES N.L., 1989. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 1660. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7599 MILTON, G., 1971. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 50, 83, 86 & 115. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7612 THE BROKEN HILL PROPRIETARY COMPANY LTD., 1968. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 87. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
46 7620 CRAEXPLORATIONP/L.,1971.ReportsjointlymicrofilmedunderELs100,101,103,104&114. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7626 PICKANDS MATHER & CO. INTERNATIONAL., 1970. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 124. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7642 SILBERBERG, H. & EMPHIELD, A.F., 1973. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 166, 167 & 292. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7648 HIGHLAND GOLD DEVELOPMENT N.L., 1972. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 191 & 192. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7669 QUILMIN MINE & EXPLORATION N.L., 1976. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 233. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7686 WYP DEVELOPMENT P/L., 1972. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 333. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7687 COOPERS CREEK MINING & EXPLORATION N.L., 1971. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 356. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7694 COMALCO LTD., 1973. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 397. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7720 JENNINGS MINING LTD., 1977. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 455. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7729 AMOCO MINERALS AUSTRALIA CO., 1974. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 460. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7747 AMOCO MINERALS AUSTRALIA CO., 1974. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 480. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7757 ICI AUSTRALIA LTD. & NEWMONT LTD., 1975. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 496, 500, 512, 521 & 536. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7780 CRA EXPLORATION P/L., 1975. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 534. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7829 PREUSSAG AUSTRALIA P/L., 1981. Reports jointly microfilmed under EL 703. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
47 7863 FREEPORT OF AUSTRALIA LTD., 1983. Reports jointly microfilmed under ELs 841, 842, 843 & 844. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
7912 MCGEE, W.A., 1971. EL 159, East Gippsland, Victoria.Final report for the period ending February 1971. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
8553 CHAPPELL, B.W., ENGLISH, P.M., KING, P.L., WHITE, A.J.R. & WYBORN, D., 1991. Granites and related rocks of the Lachlan Fold Belt. 1:250 000 scale map. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Canberra
8644 WATERFIELD, D.W. & ARAVANIS, T., 1992. CRA Exploration P/L. EL 3245, Nowa Nowa, Victoria. Annual report for the period ending 5 May 1992. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
8927 KENNY, J.P.L.,1937. Club Terrace Gold Mining Syndicate. Mining and Geological Journal l(1). Department of Mines, Victoria, p 24.
9441 INAN, K., SUMMONS, T.G. & KING, R.L., 1992. Limestone resources in Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 97.
9649 ANON., 1939. Mallina Workings, Club Terrace. Victorian mining plans and sections. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Mining plans & sections open tile.
10796 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF VICTORIA.,undated. Haunted Stream Goldfield. 2 mile to 1 inch, geological map. Department of Mines, Victoria.
11374 BOWEN, K.G., 1970. Limonite at Buchan. Mining and Geological Journal 6(6). Department of Mines, Victoria, pp 71-79.
12047 ORTH, K., VANDENBERG, A.H.M., NOIT, R.J. & SIMONS, B., 1993. Murrindal 1:100000 map geological report. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 100.
17840 CRA EXPLORATION P/L., 1993. EL 3315. Schedule 15 reports, jointly microfilmed September 91 -June 1993. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
17844 WESTERN MINING CORPORATION LTD., 1988. EL 1662. Reports jointly microfilmed November 1988. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
19154 ASHLEY, J., 1982. Samedan of Australia. EL 667 Review of Dingham data, Club Terrace. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
19293 MCGEE, W.A., 1971. Pickands Mather and Co. International. ELs 50, 83, 86 & 115. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
19575 TALENT, J.A., 1961. Dolomite bores, Parish of Buchan.Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1961/53.
48 19887 STIRLING, J., 1888. Appendix E. Prospecting operations at Haunted Stream. The Goldfields of Victoria. Reports of the Mining Registrars for the quarter ended 31st March, 1888.
19889 MURRAY, R.A.F., 1887. Appendix H. Notes on the mining features of the Haunted Stream goldfield. The Goldfields of Victoria. Reports of the Mining Registrars for the quarter ended 30th September, 1887.
19891 CANYON RESOURCES P/L & PLAGOLMIN P/L., 1984. ELs 1287 & 1302. Six monthly report. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
19892 ROLLEY, P.J., 1982. Freeport of Australia Inc. ELs 841, 842, 843 & 844, Omeo, Victoria. Relinquishment Report. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
19893 ROLLEY, P,J., 1982. Freeport of Australia Incorporated. ELs 841, 842, 843 & 844, Omeo. Relinquishment report for the period 1 October 1981 - 31 March 1982. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
19894 IVETT, J.K. & ROLLEY, P.J., 1981. Freeport of Australia Inc. ELs 841, 842, 843 & 844. Six monthly report for the period 21 August 1980 - 31 March 1981. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
19895 ROLLEY, P.J. & APTHORPE, K.A., 1981. Freeport of Australia Incorporated. ELs 841, 842, 843 & 844, Omeo. Six monthly report for the period 1 April 1981 - 30 Sept 1981. Department of Energy and Minerals, Victoria, Expired Mineral Exploration Reports File.
19896 THOMAS, D.E. & CROHN, P.W., 195 1. McDiarmid’s workings, Shady Creek, near Tambo Crossing. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1951 /13A.
20433 BARAGWANATH, W., 1937. Gold Find, Stag and Olsen, Clonienbar. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 5(4), pp. 322-323.
20467 DUNN, E.J., 1907. The Dominion Copper Mine, near Buchan, eastern Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 2(1), pp. 4748.
20474 MURRAY, R.A.F., 1898. Report on Mount Tara. Geological Survey of Victoria Progress Report 9, pp. 70-71
20488 MCHAFFIE, I.W. & BUCKLEY, R.W., 1994. Industrial minerals and rocks of Victoria. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 102 (in prep).
20519 MURRAY, R.A.F., 1892. Report on the site of the alleged discovery of silver bearing ore at Yellow Water Holes between Bruthen and Buchan. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 1893/1725.
20520 DUNN, E.J., 1907. The Iron Mask ferro-manganese mine, near Buchan, eastern Gippsland. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 2(1), pp. 48-50.
49 20521 KENNY, J.P.L., 1925. Ferruginous manganese ore, Mount Tara, near Buchan. Geological Survey of Victoria Records 4(4), pp. 423-426.
20522 ARNE. D.C., CROMIE, P., WEBB, J.A. & RICHARDS, J.R., 1994. The genesis of Pb-Zn sulphide occurrences in the Lower Devonian Buchan Group, Victoria. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 41(2), pp 75-90.
50 APPENDIX 1
LOCATION OF EXPIRED EXPLORATION LICENCES
51 EXPIRED EXPLORATION v",z LICENCES, x 1 OF 11 7 n- uz x
53 E XPIRED E XPLORATION 23 L ICENCES, -x 2 OF 11 q4
55 E XPIRED E XPLORATION 0z L ICENCES,
L
57 r I / / , / 1 / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / I I I I I ‘
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