International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018 Application of GIS Technology and Crime Mapping in Crime Analysis of Commissionerate

Harcharan Singh AITP (GIS Specialist and Urban Planner), Jalandhar (), . Baljit Kaur (M.Tech CSE from DAV University, Jalandhar), India. Dr. (Prof.) Vinay Maitri (Professor of Programming & ITS in SPA, New Delhi).

ABSTRACT: - The highly improvement of the cities along with their expansion of size and denseness conjoined with the hasty speed of civilization and is combined with increased crime and assault. The poor planning of the urban areas, urban design and the management of urban areas plays a vital role in the framing of urban environments that put civilians along with their wealth at risk. Various designs and the built up structures of cities influence on the nature of perpetrators movements and victims and on eventualities for crime. In Jalandhar city (8, 62,886 Population as Census 2011) there is an rapid increase in urbanization and rural to urban migration in haphazard way due to which in Jalandhar Commissionerate area and specially in the City area the crime is a serious problem, which affect poorly to the community of different areas in Jalandhar Commissionerate. Crime possesses the community economically as well as intellectually by creating fear of danger in the peoples. Peoples always want life that is free from danger. Now these days in Jalandhar city, Crime is growing day by day and it is an asocial and malicious component in the society. The criminals are those anti-social elements of society, which contaminate the society like as dirty insects contaminate a home or body. Its seem to be very difficult to handle the responsibility of the public security as an important need of the society by the police with this poor infrastructure and incompetent technologies. Crime eradication is the big need to maintain the serenity and sustainability of Social life. The prevention of crime in the region/city has the multidimensional approach. GIS technology helps in the crime analysis in many ways. The most important use is to anticipate crime assurances. This helps the policy makers of the police department and law enforcement agencies to explain where crime is occurring as well as to determine if there is any role of spatial patterns. Therefore, GIS and crime mapping have the possibilities to advance the quality of life over the decrease of crime. Maps offer crime examiner graphic representations of crime-related issues. To have proper knowledge about where and why crimes occur can enhance the attempts to fight crime. Mapping of the crime can help police department to provide and plan the proper infrastructure and law abiding facilities to protect the citizens more adequately. Simple maps that display the locations that where the crimes or concentration of crimes have more or give proper knowledge about the crime sensitive areas can be used to help direct Police patrols to places they are mostly needed. The policy makers of the police departments using the complex maps to direct the trends of criminal activities, and maps may prove helpful and valuable in solving the cases related to various types of crimes either it could be the heinous crime.

Keywords: Google Earth, QGIS (Open Source), Crime data from Jalandhar Commissioner ate and MS Office.

Acknowledgement: - The author thankfully acknowledges the name of Sh. PK Sinha (IPS), Commissioner of Police (Jalandhar Commissionerate) for providing the Crime data from February 2010-2017 for the Purpose. The author also thankful to the ADCP Security and Headquarter Sh. Gautam Singal (PPS) for providing his great assistance, guidance and support in this research.

I. INTRODUCTION management play a vital role in the framing of urban environments that put civilians and wealth at risk. The The hasty speed of civilization conjoined with the construction and design of cities influence on the movements improvement in city size and denseness is combined with of perpetrators and victims and on eventualities for crime. increased crime and assault. Bad urban planning, design and Areas of concentrated crimes are often known as HOT

8 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

SPOTS. Crime hot spot are areas on map that have high crime II. SCOPE & LIMITATIONS intensity shows the Crime Media of Jalandhar Commissionerate. Crime hotspots density mapping and Crime  Identifying hot spots requires multiple techniques; Media mapping (with Geospatial technology) can help in no single method is sufficient to analyze all types of determining geospatial-temporal patterns of crime. This crime. research includes the various basic parameters like as Crime  Current mapping technologies have significantly occurred and Crime density to identify the crime sensitive improved the ability of crime analysts and researchers to areas as well as Crime media of Jalandhar Commissionerate. understand crime patterns and victimization. The Geospatial technology (QGIS) is used in this research for the criminal activities and Crime mapping according to the  Crime hot spot maps can most effectively guide boundary areas of each police station in Jalandhar police action when production of the maps is guided by Commissionerate. This study is mainly focuses on the Crime crime theories (place, victim, street, or neighborhood). media of Jalandhar Commissionerate by using the Geospatial III. STUDY AREA technology and secondary data from Jalandhar Commissionerate (15 Feb 2010 to 31 Dec 2017). In Jalandhar Jalandhar Commissionerate System came into existence Commissionerate there are total 28742 different numbers of in Jalandhar city on 15th Feb 2010. Administratively total crimes are registered in various number of Police Jalandhar Police Commissionerate is divided into 14 Stations from Feb 2010 till 2017 end. regular police stations and 2 special Police stations i.e. women police station and NRI police station. There are 1.1. AIM OF STUDY: - To find out the most crime five sub-divisions and two zones (city 1 and city 2). In sensitive area of Jalandhar Commissionerate and to City-1 Zone, there is existing seven police stations i.e. understand about their preventive measures. Division-1, Division-2, Division-3, Division-4, Division- 1.2 OBJECTIVES: - To identifies the high crime density 8, Navi Baradari and Ramamandi. In City-2 Zone, there area or Police Station of Jalandhar Commissionerate is existing seven police stations i.e. Division-5, Basti along with their study of physical environment. Bawa Khel, Bhargo Camp, Division-6, Division-7, Jalandhar Cantt and Sadar and two special police stations are women police station and NRI police station.

9 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

The location of Jalandhar Commissionerate is shown as under:-

Fig. No.1 : Location of Punjab in India Fig.No.2 Location of Jalandhar in Punjab Source:- Map is Prepared by Author itself by using QGIS. Source:- Map is Prepared by Author itself by using QGIS.

Fig. No. 3: Base Map of Jalandhar Commissionerate Source:- Map is Prepared by Author itself by using QGIS.

The Line Graph 1 shows the total crime rate in Jalandhar crime rate shows in 2010, which is near to 2869 in numbers Commissionerate from Feb 2010 up to December 2017, in of crimes registered, which shows in the line graph 1. The which the high crime rate shows in Jalandhar Calculated area of each police Station of the Jalandhar Commissionerate in 2014, which is 4086 and the lowest Commissionerate also shown in the below table no. 3.

10 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

CRIME RATE IN JALANDHAR COMMSSIONERATE

4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000

500 TOTAL TOTAL NO. CRIMEOF CASES 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 YEAR 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 TOTAL CASE REGISTERED 2869 3284 3497 3942 4086 3850 4022 3192

Line Graph 1:- Crimes Occurred in Jalandhar Commissionerate in different years (Feb 2010 – 2017.) Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data.

2.1 PROCESS OF MAPPING: - Mapping has been major tool to have an understanding of nature of crime in any area and find the relationship between crime and land use area.

In first stage, mapping of urban form in five criteria i.e. crime rate, crime density, police stations, occupancy rate and illiteracy.

In second stage, mapping of police stations, police posts and vehicles of PCR team to map the crime hotspots and map the highly and low concentrated areas. In third stage, mapping the compatibility of land use, it helps to map which commercial market, industrial area, residential area etc has more crime.

Fig 4: Multi process types and forms of mapping of the Crime Analysis.

Table 1:- Shows the Area (in different units) of all Police Stations in Jalandhar Commissionerate .

POLICE STATIONS AREA (sqkm) AREA (sqm) AREA (Hectares) PS DIVISION NO. 1 12.9 12900 1290 PS DIVISION NO. 2 2.9 2900 290 PS DIVISION NO. 3 3.2 3200 320 PS DIVISION NO. 4 2.59 2590 259 PS DIVISION NO. 5 4.6 4600 460 PS DIVISION NO. 6 4.02 4020 402 PS DIVISION NO. 7 12.5 12500 1250 PS DIVISION NO. 8 10.7 10700 1070 PS RAMA MANDI 16.67 16670 1667 PS BASTI BAWA KHEL 6.93 6930 693 PS BHARGO CAMP 5.29 5290 529 PS CANT 15.34 15340 1534 PS SADAR 131.87 131870 13187 PS NEW BARADRI 3.94 3940 394 TOTAL 233.53 233530 23353 Source:- Primary Calculation through GIS Software

11 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Area Covered by Each Police Station 2% PS DIVISION NO. 1 (Jalandhar Commssionerate) 1% PS DIVISION NO. 2 6% 1% 1% 2% PS DIVISION NO. 3 2% PS DIVISION NO. 4

5% PS DIVISION NO. 5 PS DIVISION NO. 6

5% PS DIVISION NO. 7

PS DIVISION NO. 8 7% PS RAMA MANDI PS BASTI BAWA 56% KHEL 3% PS BHARGO CAMP

PS CANT 2% 7% PS SADAR

PS NEW BARADRI

Pie Chart 1: - Area Covered by Each Police Station (Jalandhar Commissionerate) Source: Primary Calculation through QGIS

2 CRIME RATE:- According to Zhang and Peterson Rate = (28,742)* 1000/873,725 (as Census 2011) = (2002), Crime rate can be defined as the number of 32.90%. Total crime rate from Feb, 2010 to 2017 is crimes registered of incidents recorded in a given area, 32.90 %. standardized by the population of the area, expressed by per thousand populations. Crime rate is calculated by the following equation: - Crime Rate = (number of incidents) * 1000/ population. Total Crime 3 CRIME DENSITY: - Crime density is calculated by the can be identified in the below table no. 4. number of crimes registered or incidents recorded in Crime Density= Crime registered in police station / police station divided by area of police station. By this Area of police station (Sq. Km). method, the density of crime in different police stations Table 2:- CRIME DENSITY OF DIFFERENT POLICE STATIONS OF JALANDHAR COMMISSIONERATE (Overall from Feb 2010 up to 31 December 2017). AREA TOTAL CRIME CRIME DENSITY CALCULATION (From Feb. POLICE STATIONS (sq. km) REGISTERED 2010 to 31 December 2017) CRIME DENSITY PS DIVISION NO. 1 12.9 1950 1950/12.9 151.163 PS DIVISION NO. 2 2.9 1640 1640/2.9 565.517 PS DIVISION NO. 3 3.2 1700 1700/3.2 531.25 PS DIVISION NO. 4 2.59 1871 1871/2.59 722.4 PS DIVISION NO. 5 4.6 1974 1974/4.6 429.130 PS DIVISION NO. 6 4.02 1294 1294/4.02 321.9 PS DIVISION NO. 7 12.5 2413 2413/12.5 193.04 PS DIVISION NO. 8 10.7 2356 2356/10.7 220.2 PS RAMA MANDI 16.67 2733 2733/16.67 163.95 PS BASTI BAWA 2288 KHEL 6.93 2288/6.93 327.8 PS BHARGO CAMP 5.29 1987 1987/5.29 375.614 PS CANT 15.34 888 888/15.34 57.9

12 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

PS SADAR 131.87 2380 2380/131.87 18.05 PS NEW BARADRI 3.94 2450 2450/3.94 629.44 FULL 710 WOMEN CELL AREA 710/233.53 3.04 FULL (FROM 2010 TO 2015) NRI CELL AREA 108 (FROM 2010 TO 2015)108/233.53 0.462 TOTAL 233.53 28742 - - Source:- Primary Calculation by Author According to above table no. 4 and given data (from 15 Feb. 2010 up to 31 December 2017), that Police Station Division no. 4 have the high density of crime (722.4 density of crime) and Police Station Sadar have the lowest density of crime (18.05 density of crime). Other than Women Cell, PO Staff, Narcotics Cell, Economic wing and NRI Cell mainly deals with the whole Jalandhar Commissionerate area but only regarding their specialised works or duties. 5. CRIME MAPPING MAPS OFFER CRIME to Subhana Village road. It is residential area and light ANALYSTS GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS OF commercial area. The area comes under this division are: CRIME-RELATED ISSUES: - By compassionating the Garha, Subhana, Cheema Nagar, Mithapur, Khurla Khingra fact and understanding about where and why crimes appear etc.The PS Division No. 8 is situated at North-East and arise can better attempts to fight against crime. To direction. It is Tranport Area, Residential Area and mapping the crime could help the police department by Industrial Area. The area comes under this division are New protect citizens more adequately and efficiently. Simple Gobind Nagar, Aman Nagar, Preet Nagar, Transport Nagar maps that display the locations where crimes or etc. The PS Bhargo Camp includes the areas of Tilak concentrations of crimes have appeared and raised can be Nagar, Sidharth Nagar, Avtar Nagar, Bhargav Nagar,or used to help the Police department to continue the patrolling Bhargo camp, Model House, Ghai Nagar, , to places them is most necessary. Policy makers and the Virk Enclave and Khurla Kinghai colony. The PS Rama government authorities in the police departments might use Mandi area is situated in the centre area of Jalandhar in the accurate and multiple maps to examine and give directions starting of Rama Mandi Chownk to Jandusinga, regarding criminal activities, and maps may prove and Hoshiarpur. It has main commercial area of Jalandhar invaluable in clarify the criminal cases. include the large scale of hawker market present on the both sides of the main road (4-lane main road). Its include the 5.1 MAIN AREAS UNDER EACH POLICE STATION areas of Baba Budha ji Nagar, Joginder Nagar, Ekta nagar, OF JALANDHAR COMMISSIONERATE: - The PS Kaki pind and etc. The PS Sadar includes the areas Division No.1 is situated at North-West direction. It is an of Nathewal, Pandori Musharkati, Sarhali, Samrada, Industrial Area, Institutional Area and Residential Area. The , Jandiali, Diwali, Jamsherkhas, Bambian Wali, areas come’s under division 1 are: Suranussi, Janta Colony, Kukar pind, Phoolpur, Usmanpur, Kukar pind, Khusropur Kalia Colony, Maqsoodan, Shanti Vihar, Anand Nagar, village and Lakhmiwala village etc. The PS Basti Bawa Jawala Nagar, Gulmohar Garden Colony, Friends Colony Khel is situated at west direction. It is residential area, etc. The PS Division No. 2 includes the areas of HMV Girls mixed landuse area and small scale green industrial area. College, Bultern park, Gandhi stadium, Dashmesh nagar, The areas comes under this division are: Sher Singh Colony, Adarsh nagar Market, Gujral Nagar, Transport Nagar, Paras Estate, Basti Bawa Khel, Raj Nagar, Harbans Nagar, Sangat Colony, Jain colony, Lal Bazar, Shakti Nagar, Mithu Basti etc. The PS Navi Baradari is situated at East- Tagore nagar and Tej Mohan nagar etc. The PS Division South direction. It is Residential Area and institutional Area. No. 3 includes the areas of Attari Bazar, Laxmi pura, Doaba It basically includes the areas of LKC for Boys and Girls, College, Devi Talab Mandir, Arjun Nagar, Vikaspuri, Ranjit Nagar, MTS Nagar, Arjun Nagar, Rail Nagar, Alaska Santokhpura road, Mitha bazar and Ajit nagar etc. The PS Chownk and Government polytechnic College for Girls. The Division No. 4 includes the areas of Rainak Bazar, Milap PS Cantt includes the areas of Army Cantt, PAP Complex, Chownk, Civil line, Lajpat Nagar, Model Town, Makhdum Millitary hospital, Lal Kurti area, , Jalandhar Golf pura, Islam ganj, Central town area, Shaheed Udham Singh Club and Main Commercial areas of Jalandhar Cantt. nagar, Guru Nanak Mission Chownk and Dashmesh nagar etc. The PS Division No-5 is situated at South-West 5.2 REPRESENTS SPATIAL PATTERNS OF direction. It is residential area, business centre, Mixed INCIDENTS: The highly geo technical and digital maps landuse Area. The area comes under the Basti Danishmanda, are very helpful for the government authorities and Police Basti Sheikh, Kot Sadeek, Gobind nagar, Satkartar Enclave, department to ensure the crime scenario by visualizing the Guru Sant Nagar etc. The PS Division No-6 includes the geo concentrations maps of the crime events and crime areas of GTB Nagar, Deol Nagar, Wadala Colony, Jyoti affected areas along there surrounding environment and Nagar, Gurjepal Nagar, Guru Gobind Singh Stadium, neighbouring areas. It provides a very easy method of Ladowali road and Model town. The PS Division No-7 is viewing activities in an area rather than searching through situated at Centre area of Jalandhar City near Urban Estate a listing of events. Maps can also be used to convey multi

13 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

type of information at a time on single screen or sheet. The 6. PROCESS OF CRIME ANALYSIS AND MEDIA Geo-server technology also could relate and upload the PERFORMANCE WITH CRIME MAPPING: - It’s the full crime analysis and crime related to information maps pervasive and powerful actions supervised at availability on the internet or web along with locations. of timely and comparative crime patterns schedule and 5.3 THEMATIC MAPS: The maps could be displayed at direction of meeting to aid or help the effective policy- any geo spatial level to assist in the reasoning of crime making part in planning for the distribution of methods for patterns. These thematic maps can be used to show the the prevention and completely removal of criminal change in an area's crime rate. The per cent changes in the activities, which helpful in the exploration and scrutinize number of crime incidents can be displayed by darken process which helps with proper lead to clear of cases. It shade each area according to whether there was an mainly presents the proper indication of the number of increase, decrease or no change. functions of government departments in many government services.

6.2.1. METHODOLOGY FOR CRIME MAPPING:- Methodology for Crime mapping includes both Indoor and outdoor activities in which Indoor activities includes the collection of data and data storage in MS excel file for analysis (Data is collected from the Primary survey and Secondary sources for base mapping of Jalandhar Commissionerate and conversion of data into useful information) then use the GIS software (QGIS) for the preparation of the Geospatial crime maps to show the crime rate and crime density of all different Police stations existing in Jalandhar Commissionerate, which shows the happening or occurrence of crimes in all the Police stations of Jalandhar Commissionerate in different years (from Feb. 2010 to Dec. 2017) with the help of different colour coding’s (from light shade of colour to dark shade) as according to the crime affected areas or Police stations jurisdictions (as per the crime rate and crime density) on the GIS maps. Crime rate data and Crime density data of each Police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate have been already added manually by the author in the attribute table of the shapefile or GIS shapefile, which also includes the base layers of Jalandhar Commissionerate with all Police station boundaries and jurisdictions (for the creating the Base map of Jalandhar Commissionerate with all data).

Indoor Activities Outdoor Activities

Secondary Data From Data Storage in Excel Census

Data Analysis Primary Data Collection

Cross Checking of Areas Use of GIS Technology with Google Maps

Preparation of Crime Density and Crime Rate

Preparation of GIS Maps

Research Paper Writting

Fig 5: Methodology for the Mapping of Crime Analysis.

6.1 PERFORM RADIAL ANALYSIS: GIS can be 15 Feb 2010 up to 31 December 2017. Thematic Maps used to measure the extent and type of problem within are to be prepared after the base map for showing the each Police Station in different time period starting from radial analysis of crime in all Police Stations.

14 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

6.2 COMPARE HOTSPOTS OF CRIMES IN police attention. For example, GIS allows an analyst to DIFFERENT AREAS: Hotspots of different offence identify all of the crime densities in the different Police types can be displayed to identify where they overlap. Stations and represents it with different shaded colours For instance, residential burglary hotspots can be (from dark to light) according to the available crime data. displayed along with robbery hotspots to discover where These areas are then outlined on the map. Using they overlap. A more detailed analysis of these Geospatial technology to identify hotspots Media, which intersecting areas can then be performed. GIS identifies provides a consistent method to measure concentrations areas that contain dense clusters of events (hotspots). of criminal events over time. These high concentration areas usually demand special

DENSITY OF CRIME AND ANALYSIS OF ALL POLICE STATIONS OF JALANDHAR COMMISSIONERATE: - There is mainly lack of proper planning process and lack of planning technology in the Jalandhar Commssionerate to control the repetition of crimes occurred. There are many sensitive areas regarding different crimes under each Police Station boundary like as Bhargo Camp and Model House area under PS Bhargo Camp, Basti sheikh area under Basti Bawa Khel and Ali mohalla under PS Division No. 4 etc. where the crime rate is high as compare to other aareas. These types of areas need some special kind of attentions by the Police department by preparing some spatial policies and planning to control the happenings of criminal activities in sensitive areas. There is a high rate of Unemployment, illiteracy and haphazard growth is found in these sensitive areas during primary survey and secondary data, which is the main root cause of increase of criminal activities by peoples of these areas like as Gambling, kidnapping, Hurt, Drugs related crimes, Murder and Attempt to Murder etc. Hawkers are also play their significant role in some special cases of crime happenings by Indirect way likes as illegal encroachment causes accidents and traffic problems and congestion due to which, the criminals use to do snatching and theft type of crimes in these types of more congested areas.

Map 1: - Shows the total Crime in Bar Graphs in Each Police Station in Jalandhar Commissionerate. Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data & Google Earth and QGIS.

15 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

7.1. IN 2010, THE HIGHLY CRIME cases of theft, 11 cases of NDPS Drugs and more than CONCENTRATED AREAS WERE DIVISION 10 cases of snatching etc. Near to 6 cases were NO-7, DIVISION NO. 4, SADAR AND RAMA registered related to Murder. In PS Division No. 7 the MANDI:- 38 cases of Fraud, 23 cases of Gambling, 19 cases of The mostly crimes registered in PS Division-4, PS hurt, 19 cases of Excise, 16 cases of stolen property Division-7, PS Sadar and PS Rama Mandi were and 15 cases of NDPS were registered. In PS Rama related to violent crime, property crime and drugs Mandi the 25 cases of theft related different crimes, crime etc. There are many criminal cases were 19 cases of Gambling, 18 cases of NDPS (Drugs), 16 registered PS Division No. 4 like as 42 cases of theft cases of causing death by negligence, 12 cases of hurt in dwelling house, 30 cases of fraud, 17 cases of etc were registered. excise, 12 cases related to Gambling, more than 12

Map 2: Total No. of Crimes Occurred in Different Police Stations in 2010. Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

In PS Sadar the 38 cases of hurt, 30 cases of excise, 21 commit crimes like theft, robbery, snatching and Gambling cases of NDPS (Drugs), 16 cases of Fraud, 14 cases of etc. Another reason of increasing of crime is due to the stolen property, more than 9 cases of theft and snatching, 9 high ratio of population and high ratio of illiteracy in Basti cases of causing death by negligence and 7 cases of Bawa Khel and division no-5 (Shows in Map 2). attempt to murder. Mainly the Drugs addicted people often LOW CRIME AFFECTED AREAS IN 2010:- Low CRIME DENSITY: - According to the density of crime crime affected areas in 2010 were again PS Cantt, and PS in each police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate, the New/Navi Baradari and PS Div. No. 3. The Cantt area police station division no. 2, division no. 3, division no. 4 comes under the military area, which is the reason that and division no. 6 has high density of crime and the police crime ratio is low. One of the reasons for the decline of station New Baradari and police station Jalandhar Cantt crime is that there is a lot of security there. has very low density of crime in Commissionerate Jalandhar (Shows in Map 3).

16 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 3: Crime Density in Different Police Stations in 2010. Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data.

7.2. IN 2011, THE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED theft, 15 cases of stolen property, 14 cases of forcibly theft AREAS WERE DIVISION NO-5, DIVISION NO- & Snatching, 12 cases of disobedience and 11 cases of 7 AND BASTI BAWA KHEL fraud were registered. In PS Basti Bawa Khel the 74 cases of registered as Excise cases, 54 cases of Gambling, 25 The mostly crimes registered in PS Division-5, PS cases of NDPS, 19 cases of disobedience, 16 cases of hurt, Division-7 and PS Basti Bawa Khel were related to more than 13 cases of different theft related crimes, 7 cases violent crime, property crime and drugs crime. In PS Div. related to causing Death by negligence and 6 cases of rape No. 5 the 93 cases of Excise, 28 cases of Gambling, 27 were registered. Drugs addicted people often commit cases of NDPS (Drugs), 24 cases of hurt, 9 cases of Rash crimes like theft, robbery, snatching. Another reason of driving, more than 9 cases of related with theft were increasing of crime is due to the high ratio of population registered. In PS Div. No. 7 the 57 cases of Gambling, 43 and high ratio of illiteracy in Basti Bawa Khel and cases of NDPS, 26 cases of Excise, more than 23 cases of Division no-5.

17 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 4: Total No. of Crimes Occurred in Different Police Stations in 2011 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data.

LOW CRIME AFFECTED AREAS IN 2011 Low crime CRIME DENSITY: - According to the density of crime affected areas in 2011 were Cantt, Division-6 and in each police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate, the Division-3. The Cantt area comes under the military area, police station division no. 2, division no. 3, division no. 4 which is the reason that crime ratio is low. One of the and division no. 6, police station New Baradari has high reasons for the decline of crime is that there is a lot of density of crime and police station Jalandhar Cantt and security there (Shows in Map 4). police station Sadar has very low density of crime in Commissionerate Jalandhar (Shows in Map 5).

18 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 5: Crime Density in Different Police Stations in 2011 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

7.3. IN 2012, THE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED crimes, 23 cases of snatching and 9 cases of stolen AREAS WERE DIVISION-7, SADAR AND BASTI property were registered. In PS Bhargo Camp, 129 cases BAWA KHEL: - The mostly crimes registered in PS of NDPS, 56 cases of Excise, 48 cases of Gambling, 11 Sadar, PS Division-7 and PS Basti Bawa Khel were cases related to Theft, 8 cases related to Stolen Property related to violent crime, property crime and drugs crime. and 6 cases of Rape were registered. In PS Sadar, 115 In PS Basti Bawa Khel, 65 cases of NDPS, 60 cases of cases of NDPS, 94 cases of Excise related, 21 cases of Excise, 35 cases of NDPS, 14 cases of hurt, more than 14 hurt, 17 cases of Fraud, 14 cases of Causes death by cases of theft related crimes, 12 cases of Fraud, 12 cases of negligence, 12 cases of Gambling, 10 cases of stolen Snatching and 8 cases of stolen property. In PS Div. No. 7, property and more than 7 cases of theft related crimes were 52 cases of NDPS, 47 cases of Gambling, 32 cases of theft, registered. 30 cases of Fraud, more than 27 cases of Theft related

19 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 6: Total No. of Crimes Occurred in Different Police Stations in 2012 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

LOW CRIME AFFECTED AREAS IN 2012 is Low CRIME DENSITY: - According to the density of crime crime affected areas in 2012 were Cantt, Division-6 and in each police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate, the Division-3. The Cantt area comes under the military area, police station division no. 2, division no. 3, division no. 4 which is the reason, that crime ratio low. One of the and division no. 6, police station New Baradari has high reasons for the decline of crime is that there is a lot of density of crime and police station Jalandhar Cantt and security there. Crime affected area because officer families police station Sadar has very low density of crime in and high class families are lived in that area (Shows in Commissionerate Jalandhar (Shows in Map 7). Map 6).

20 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 7: Crime Density in Different Police Stations in 2012 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data.

7.4. IN 2013, THE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED AREAS cases of Rash Driving, 11 cases related to women assault WERE RAMAMANDI, SADAR AND BASTI BAWA or crimes related to women were registered. In PS Basti KHEL: - Bawa Khel, 114 cases of NDPS, 23 cases of Gambling, 21 cases of Excise, more than 40 cases of related with theft The mostly crimes registered in PS Sadar, PS related crimes, 19 cases of Hurt, 11 cases of Fraud and 9 Ramamandi and PS Basti Bawa Khel were related to cases of women assault crimes were registered. In PS violent crimes, property crimes, drugs crime and Sadar, 166 cases of NDPS, 76 cases of Excise, 13 cases of kidnapping. In PS Rama Mandi, 110 cases of NDPS, 28 Hurt, 12 cases of Gambling and more than 20 cases of cases of causing death by Negligence, 25 cases of Fraud, theft related crimes were registered. More than 21 cases of Hurt, 16 cases of Gambling, 11

21 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 8: Total No. of Crimes Occurred in Different Police Stations in 2013 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

LOW CRIME AFFECTED AREAS IN 2013:- Low police station division no. 2, division no. 3, division no. 4 crime affected areas in 2013 were again PS Cantt, and PS and division no. 6, police station New Baradari has high Division-6. The Cantt area comes under the military area, density of crime and police station Jalandhar Cantt and which is the reason that crime ratio is low (Shows in Map police station Sadar has very low density of crime in 8). Commissionerate Jalandhar (Shows in Map 9).

CRIME DENSITY: - According to the density of crime in each police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate, the

22 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 9: Crime Density in Different Police Stations in 2013 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data.

7.5. IN 2014, THE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED AREAS involve in gangs and bloodshed are increasing as well. In WERE RAMAMANDI, DIVISION-8 AND DIVISION- PS Division No. 1, the more than 75 cases of theft, 71 1:- cases of NDPS, 16 cases of Hurt, 14 cases of causing death of negligence, 9 cases of Snatching, 8 cases of Fraud, 7 The mostly crimes registered in PS Ramamandi, PS Navi cases of Disobedience, 6 cases of Stolen Property and 8 Baradari, PS Division-1 and PS Division-8 were again cases of Kidnapping were registered. In PS Rama Mandi, related to property, drugs and violent crimes. People more than 200 cases of Theft related crimes, 45 cases of indulge in criminal activities like robbery, theft because of causing death by Negligence, 35 cases of NDPS, 24 cases drug addiction as well as desire of making more money of Fraud, 21 cases of Gambling, 19 cases of Hurt, 13 cases with illegal ways. The ratio of slums is maximum in these of women assault or women related crimes, 12 cases of areas; the peoples of these areas are usually likes to Kidnapping and 11 cases of Snatching were registered.

23 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 10: Total No. of Crimes Occurred in Different Police Stations in 2014 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

In Div. No. 8, more than 100 cases of Theft related crimes, these areas, the level of security level has been good that is 46 cases of NDPS, 34 cases of Kidnapping, 16 cases of why, the ratio of crime is low in these areas (Shows in Gambling, 15 cases of Fraud, 12 cases of Snatching and Map 10). 7+7 cases related to Rape and Women Assault or Women related crimes were registered. In PS Navi Baradari, CRIME DENSITY: - According to the density of crime More than 250 cases of Theft related crimes, 61 cases of in each police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate, the Fraud, 16 cases of Snatching, 16 cases of Gambling, 14 police station division no. 2, division no. 3, division no. 4 cases of NDPS, 14 cases of Rash Driving and 6 cases of and division no. 6, police station Rama Mandi has high Disobedience were registered. density of crime and police station Jalandhar Cantt and police station Sadar has very low density of crime in LOW CRIME AFFECTED AREAS IN 2014 Low crime Commissionerate Jalandhar (Shows in Map 11). affected areas in 2014 were again Cant and Division-6. In

24 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 11: Crime Density in Different Police Stations in 2014 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data.

7.6. IN 2015, THE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED crime was again increased as comparative to last year. The AREAS WERE RAMAMANDI, DIVISION-8, people lived in these areas are highly illiterate. Mostly DIVISION-5 AND NAVI BARADARI peoples are involved in drug addiction, excising of drugs, importing and exporting of drugs. That can lead to The mostly crime registered in 2015 were again related to kidnapping, theft, robbery, murders, burglaries etc. property crime, drug crime and violent crime. In 2015 the

25 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 12: Total No. of Crimes Occurred in Different Police Stations in 2015 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

In PS Rama Mandi, more than 150 cases of theft related assault, 9 cases of Kidnapping, 4 cases of Hurt and 2 cases crimes, 56 cases of NDPS, 31 cases of Gambling, 28 cases of Minning were registered. of Fraud, 18 causing death by negligence, 15 cases of Kidnapping, 12 cases of Snatching, 6 cases of Women LOW CRIME AFFECTED AREAS IN 2015:- Low Assault, 5 cases of Stolen property and 5 cases of Rape crime affected areas in 2015 were again Cant and were registered. In PS Div. No. 5, more than 60 cases of Division-6. In these areas, the level of security level has Kidnapping related crimes, 30 cases of Gambling, more been good that is why, the ratio of crime is low in these than 50 cases of Theft related crimes, 23 cases of NDPS, areas (Shows in Map 12). 14 cases of Fraud, 10 cases of Kidnapping and 10 CRIME DENSITY: - According to the density of crime wrongful restraint. In PS Navi Baradari, more than 160 in each police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate, the cases of theft related crimes, 62 cases of Fraud,19 cases of police station division no. 2, division no. 3, division no. 4 Gambling, 11 cases of NDPS and 4 cases of Hurt were and division no. 6, police station Navi Baradari has high registered. In PS Div. No. 8, more than 70 cases of Theft, density of crime and police station Jalandhar Cantt and 31 cases of causing death by negligence, 29 cases of police station Sadar has very low density of crime in NDPS, 25 cases of Excise, 15 cases of Gambling, 16 cases Commissionerate Jalandhar (Shows in Map 13). of Snatching, 11 cases of Rash driving, 6 cases of Women

26 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 13: Crime Density in Different Police Stations in 2015 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

7.7. IN 2016, THE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED crime was again increased as comparative to last year only AREAS WERE RAMAMANDI, DIVISION-7, crime is decreased in Ramamandi as comparative to BASTI BAWA KHEL AND NAVI BARADARI previous year. Low lying areas like Sadar, Ramamandi, Basti Bawa Khel with poverty rate and illiteracy rate is The mostly crime registered in 2016 were again related to high. People are involved in criminal activities like theft, property crime, drug crime and violent crime. In 2016 the robbery, murder, hurt because of drug addiction.

27 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 15: Total No. of Crimes Occurred in Different Police Stations in 2016 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data.

In PS Navi Baradari, Near to 150 cases of Theft related snatching, 13 cases of hurt, 12 cases of Excise, 11 cases of crimes, 93 cases of Fraud, 79 cases of causing of death by Women assault to women or women related crimes, 8 negligence, 14 cases of Excise, 12 cases of Gambling, 9 cases of Gambling, 8 cases of disobedience, 8 cases of cases of snatching and 9 cases of stolen property of crimes Kidnapping and 7 cases of Arms act. In PS Basti Bawa were registered. In PS Div. No. 7, 89 cases of Gambling, khel, More than 50 cases related to Theft crimes, 43 cases more than 120 cases of theft related crimes, 51 cases of of excise, 41 cases of Gambling, 18 cases of Fraud, 22 Fraud, 34 cases of Excise, 26 cases of NDPS, 10 cases of cases of Fraud, 22 cases of Rape, 12 cases of NDPS, 11 stolen property, 9 cases of Kidnapping, 3 cases of Arms cases of Assault to women or women related crimes, 10 act, 3 cases of Snatching and 3 cases of causing death by cases of Arms act, 9 cases of Hurt, 7 cases of wrongful negligence were registered. In PS Rama Mandi, more restraint and more than 10 cases of Kidnapping related than 100 cases of Theft related crimes, 38 cases of Fraud, crimes were registered. 27 cases of dowry death, 22 cases of NDPS, 15 cases of

28 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 15: Crime Density in Different Police Stations in 2016 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data.

LOW CRIME AFFECTED AREAS IN 2016:- Low police station division no. 2, division no. 3, division no. 4 crime affected areas in 2016 were again Cant and and division no. 6, police station Navi Baradari has high Division-6. In these areas, the level of security level has density of crime and police station Jalandhar Cantt and been good that is why, the ratio of crime is low in these police station Sadar has very low density of crime in areas (Shows in Map 14). Commissionerate Jalandhar (Shows in Map 15).

CRIME DENSITY: - According to the density of crime in each police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate, the

7.8. IN 2017, THE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED AREAS WERE RAMAMANDI, DIVISION-7, DIVISION-1 AND SADAR:

The mostly crime registered in 2017 were again related to property crime, drug crime and violent crime. In 2017 the crime was again decreased as comparative to last year. Some people indulge in criminal activity like robbery, theft, snatching, kidnapping because of drug addiction, excising of drug and import export of drugs. In PS Div. No. 1, 68 cases of NDPS, 57 cases of Excise, 15 cases of Snatching, 14 cases of Gambling, 12 cases of causing Death by Negligence, 10 cases of Rash Driving, more than 25 cases of theft related crimes, 8 cases of hurt, 6 cases of Snatching and 6 cases of Fraud were registered. In PS Div. No. 4, more than 50 cases of theft related crimes, 48 cases of Gambling, 37 cases of Excise, 26 cases of NDPS, 18 cases of Fraud, 14 cases of Snatching, 13 cases of Disobedience, 11 cases of stolen property, 6 cases of Attempt to Murder and 4 cases of wrongful restraints were registered. In PS Rama Mandi, near to 50 cases of theft related crimes, 32 cases of NDPS, 21 cases of causing death by negligence, 18 cases of Excise, 13 cases of Fraud, 13 cases of Kidnapping, 11 cases of snatching, 8 cases of Hurt, 7 cases of Stolen property, 6 cases of Rape, 4 cases of sexual harassment and 2 cases of Arms act were

29 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018 registered. In PS Sadar, 61 cases of Excise, 39 cases of NDPS, more than 30 cases of theft related crimes, 20 cases of Hurt, 13 cases of Causing death by negligence, 7 cases of related to stolen property, 9 cases of women

assault or women related crimes, 6 cases of Snatching, 4 cases of wrong restraints and 5 cases of Rash Driving were registered (Shows in Map 16).

Map 16. Total No. of Crimes Occurred in Different Police Stations in 2017 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

CRIME DENSITY: - According to the density of crime density of crime and police station Jalandhar Cantt and in each police station of Jalandhar Commissionerate, the police station Sadar has very low density of crime in police station division no. 2, division no. 3, division no. 4 Commissionerate Jalandhar (Shows in Map 17). and division no. 6, police station New Baradari has high

30 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Map 17.Crime Density in Different Police Stations in 2017 Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data

CRIME PREVENTION METHODS reduces the thinking level of persons and makes it very small, which gradually make the person as criminal Crime prevention is a method by which we can prevent the minded person. crime before it happens. Reducing the fear of crime makes  Drug Addiction: - Addiction of drugs is one of the city, crime free smart city. This approach will make the the main root cause of the crime happenings in any city or crime at low tendency. We can try to prevent the crime by state. Drug is one of such thing that effect badly on the using two factors: Social Factor and Physical Factor. In thinking ability of the persons by make it as small and the social factor, we have to control these factors: person start doing wrong works and illegal activities,  Unemployment: - Unemployment is describe as which are totally relate with criminal activities. Mostly the the phenomenon, in which it mainly occurs when usually a drug addicted person commit some specific crimes like: person who is searching for an employment or job but is accidents, robberies, theft, hurt and murder while doing fail to get suitable work or unable to find any work. Then theft activities etc. slowly and slowly that person gets tired from this main  Population: It is also the main root cause of cause of unemployment and it became a big reason of increasing in the number of crimes in any city, state or increase in the number of offenders or criminals in the country etc. Due to increasing of population in the urban City/State, which tends to increase the rate of crime in the areas or city areas of Jalandhar. It give birth to many other country. When an educated person does not get any problems like as Poverty, congestion, increase in slum employment, he chooses the wrong way and starts thinking developments and haphazard growth in the city, which about earning more and more money by wrong doings and effect badly to the development of the city and it tends to illegally way. trigger the activities like as snatchings, robberies, property  Illiteracy: - Illiteracy is one of the serious issue conflicts and drug smugglings etc. Bhargo camp area and for the increasing rate of crimes in our country. Illiteracy

31 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018

Basti sheikh area is one of the best examples of this in REFERENCES Jalandhar Commissionerate. [1] Crime prevention through urban planning: A case study on Ramna  Hawkers Rehabilitation Planning for Traffic Thana, 2010. Management: - Many cases of 304 or 304-A (Causing [2] Validating theories of urban crime in the city of Raipur, 2015. Death by Negligence) and other road accident cases are [3] Design and study on police intelligence analysis system based on take place from a decade just because of haphazard growth GIS, 2009. of hawkers along the main roads in the central core market [4] Crime detection and criminal identification in India using data mining techniques, 2014. areas, where the hawkers mainly covers the carriage way [5] Tabagin et al. 2008; Chainey and Ratcliffe 2005; Klinkenber 2008. or Parking areas or lots by doing their vending activities. Like as in Rama Mandi almost a lane from both sides of [6] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260230771_Impacts_of_ Urban_Land_Use_on_Crime_Patterns_Through_GIS_Application the road (Sub Arterial and collector roads) are covers with [accessed May 25 2018]. the haphazard growth of vendors by which many incidents [7] "Incidence of cognizable crimes (IPC) under different crime heads are occurred like as Death causing accidents, Congestions during 1953–2007" (PDF). National Crime Records Bureau. and other traffic problems. So there is a need of proper Retrieved 2009-11-08. hawker rehabilitation planning to overcome from this [8] "Central Government Act Section 445 in the Indian Penal Code". problem. Indiankanoon.org. Retrieved 16 July 2015. [9] Snapshots (1953—2006) National Crime Records Bureau CONCLUSION [10] Snapshots – 2006 National Crime Records Bureau The main approach of this research is to prepare the Crime [11] "Crime in India, 2012" (PDF). NCRB, Government of India. 2012. media and Crime Mapping of Jalandhar Commissionerate, p. 200. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2014. in which it completely gives the information about number Retrieved April 20, 2014. of Crimes occurred and crime rate in the Police station of [12] "Crime rate highest in Kerala". The Hindu. Retrieved April 20, 2014. Jalandhar Commissionerate from 2010 up to 2017. There [13] "Kerala is country's most crime-prone state, NCRB statistics show". are number of crimes occurred in every Police Stations by Times of India. Retrieved April 20, 2014. their repetition from 2010 up to 2017 like as Gambling, [14] "Snapshots 2015" (PDF). National Crime Records Bureau. Death causing incidents by negligence, NDPS (Drugs), Retrieved 18 December 2016. Excise cases, Cases related to theft related crimes, [15] Tiwary, Deepman (2016-09-26). "NCRB data: The odd case of Kidnapping cases, hurt cases (324/326) and cases of crime in Uttar Pradesh, IPC rate very low, overall very high". Indian disobedience and Arms act (at low rate) etc. This research Express. Retrieved 2017-02-14. using the application part of geospatial technology to show [16] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 the changes comes in the crime density or crime occurred September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2014. in every Police station in Jalandhar Commissionerate by [17] http://www.neighbourhoodinfo.co.in/crime/Punjab mapping. GIS mapping makes it easy to understand the changes crime pattern of Jalandhar Commissionerate mainly from Feb. 2010 up to December 2017. The Jalandhar Commissionerate is having adequate proper infrastructure and proper units of the components for settling the main problems of the crime but some of them are distributed in haphazard way in case of creating proper safety and security in the city. The main problem is rising due to the cases of unusual deaths, increase in the rate of crime against women & children’s, increase in the problems for the peoples of the city with day to day increase of crime rate. It mainly affects poorly to the services & facilities of the population living in the Jalandhar city or Commissionerate. GIS mapping helps the police to follow the specific crime affected areas and arrange proper police force for specific areas to reducing the rate of crime in that areas.

32 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.