Application of GIS Technology and Crime Mapping in Crime Analysis of Jalandhar Commissionerate
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International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018 Application of GIS Technology and Crime Mapping in Crime Analysis of Jalandhar Commissionerate Harcharan Singh AITP (GIS Specialist and Urban Planner), Jalandhar (Punjab), India. Baljit Kaur (M.Tech CSE from DAV University, Jalandhar), India. Dr. (Prof.) Vinay Maitri (Professor of Programming & ITS in SPA, New Delhi). ABSTRACT: - The highly improvement of the cities along with their expansion of size and denseness conjoined with the hasty speed of civilization and is combined with increased crime and assault. The poor planning of the urban areas, urban design and the management of urban areas plays a vital role in the framing of urban environments that put civilians along with their wealth at risk. Various designs and the built up structures of cities influence on the nature of perpetrators movements and victims and on eventualities for crime. In Jalandhar city (8, 62,886 Population as Census 2011) there is an rapid increase in urbanization and rural to urban migration in haphazard way due to which in Jalandhar Commissionerate area and specially in the City area the crime is a serious problem, which affect poorly to the community of different areas in Jalandhar Commissionerate. Crime possesses the community economically as well as intellectually by creating fear of danger in the peoples. Peoples always want life that is free from danger. Now these days in Jalandhar city, Crime is growing day by day and it is an asocial and malicious component in the society. The criminals are those anti-social elements of society, which contaminate the society like as dirty insects contaminate a home or body. Its seem to be very difficult to handle the responsibility of the public security as an important need of the society by the police with this poor infrastructure and incompetent technologies. Crime eradication is the big need to maintain the serenity and sustainability of Social life. The prevention of crime in the region/city has the multidimensional approach. GIS technology helps in the crime analysis in many ways. The most important use is to anticipate crime assurances. This helps the policy makers of the police department and law enforcement agencies to explain where crime is occurring as well as to determine if there is any role of spatial patterns. Therefore, GIS and crime mapping have the possibilities to advance the quality of life over the decrease of crime. Maps offer crime examiner graphic representations of crime-related issues. To have proper knowledge about where and why crimes occur can enhance the attempts to fight crime. Mapping of the crime can help police department to provide and plan the proper infrastructure and law abiding facilities to protect the citizens more adequately. Simple maps that display the locations that where the crimes or concentration of crimes have more or give proper knowledge about the crime sensitive areas can be used to help direct Police patrols to places they are mostly needed. The policy makers of the police departments using the complex maps to direct the trends of criminal activities, and maps may prove helpful and valuable in solving the cases related to various types of crimes either it could be the heinous crime. Keywords: Google Earth, QGIS (Open Source), Crime data from Jalandhar Commissioner ate and MS Office. Acknowledgement: - The author thankfully acknowledges the name of Sh. PK Sinha (IPS), Commissioner of Police (Jalandhar Commissionerate) for providing the Crime data from February 2010-2017 for the Purpose. The author also thankful to the ADCP Security and Headquarter Sh. Gautam Singal (PPS) for providing his great assistance, guidance and support in this research. I. INTRODUCTION management play a vital role in the framing of urban environments that put civilians and wealth at risk. The The hasty speed of civilization conjoined with the construction and design of cities influence on the movements improvement in city size and denseness is combined with of perpetrators and victims and on eventualities for crime. increased crime and assault. Bad urban planning, design and Areas of concentrated crimes are often known as HOT 8 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018 SPOTS. Crime hot spot are areas on map that have high crime II. SCOPE & LIMITATIONS intensity shows the Crime Media of Jalandhar Commissionerate. Crime hotspots density mapping and Crime Identifying hot spots requires multiple techniques; Media mapping (with Geospatial technology) can help in no single method is sufficient to analyze all types of determining geospatial-temporal patterns of crime. This crime. research includes the various basic parameters like as Crime Current mapping technologies have significantly occurred and Crime density to identify the crime sensitive improved the ability of crime analysts and researchers to areas as well as Crime media of Jalandhar Commissionerate. understand crime patterns and victimization. The Geospatial technology (QGIS) is used in this research for the criminal activities and Crime mapping according to the Crime hot spot maps can most effectively guide boundary areas of each police station in Jalandhar police action when production of the maps is guided by Commissionerate. This study is mainly focuses on the Crime crime theories (place, victim, street, or neighborhood). media of Jalandhar Commissionerate by using the Geospatial III. STUDY AREA technology and secondary data from Jalandhar Commissionerate (15 Feb 2010 to 31 Dec 2017). In Jalandhar Jalandhar Commissionerate System came into existence Commissionerate there are total 28742 different numbers of in Jalandhar city on 15th Feb 2010. Administratively total crimes are registered in various number of Police Jalandhar Police Commissionerate is divided into 14 Stations from Feb 2010 till 2017 end. regular police stations and 2 special Police stations i.e. women police station and NRI police station. There are 1.1. AIM OF STUDY: - To find out the most crime five sub-divisions and two zones (city 1 and city 2). In sensitive area of Jalandhar Commissionerate and to City-1 Zone, there is existing seven police stations i.e. understand about their preventive measures. Division-1, Division-2, Division-3, Division-4, Division- 1.2 OBJECTIVES: - To identifies the high crime density 8, Navi Baradari and Ramamandi. In City-2 Zone, there area or Police Station of Jalandhar Commissionerate is existing seven police stations i.e. Division-5, Basti along with their study of physical environment. Bawa Khel, Bhargo Camp, Division-6, Division-7, Jalandhar Cantt and Sadar and two special police stations are women police station and NRI police station. 9 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018 The location of Jalandhar Commissionerate is shown as under:- Fig. No.1 : Location of Punjab in India Fig.No.2 Location of Jalandhar in Punjab Source:- Map is Prepared by Author itself by using QGIS. Source:- Map is Prepared by Author itself by using QGIS. Fig. No. 3: Base Map of Jalandhar Commissionerate Source:- Map is Prepared by Author itself by using QGIS. The Line Graph 1 shows the total crime rate in Jalandhar crime rate shows in 2010, which is near to 2869 in numbers Commissionerate from Feb 2010 up to December 2017, in of crimes registered, which shows in the line graph 1. The which the high crime rate shows in Jalandhar Calculated area of each police Station of the Jalandhar Commissionerate in 2014, which is 4086 and the lowest Commissionerate also shown in the below table no. 3. 10 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-04, Issue-07, Oct 2018 CRIME RATE IN JALANDHAR COMMSSIONERATE 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 TOTAL NO. OF CRIME CASES 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 YEAR 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 TOTAL CASE REGISTERED 2869 3284 3497 3942 4086 3850 4022 3192 Line Graph 1:- Crimes Occurred in Jalandhar Commissionerate in different years (Feb 2010 – 2017.) Source: - Primary Calculation from Jalandhar Commissionerate Data. 2.1 PROCESS OF MAPPING: - Mapping has been major tool to have an understanding of nature of crime in any area and find the relationship between crime and land use area. In first stage, mapping of urban form in five criteria i.e. crime rate, crime density, police stations, occupancy rate and illiteracy. In second stage, mapping of police stations, police posts and vehicles of PCR team to map the crime hotspots and map the highly and low concentrated areas. In third stage, mapping the compatibility of land use, it helps to map which commercial market, industrial area, residential area etc has more crime. Fig 4: Multi process types and forms of mapping of the Crime Analysis. Table 1:- Shows the Area (in different units) of all Police Stations in Jalandhar Commissionerate . POLICE STATIONS AREA (sqkm) AREA (sqm) AREA (Hectares) PS DIVISION NO. 1 12.9 12900 1290 PS DIVISION NO. 2 2.9 2900 290 PS DIVISION NO. 3 3.2 3200 320 PS DIVISION NO. 4 2.59 2590 259 PS DIVISION NO. 5 4.6 4600 460 PS DIVISION NO. 6 4.02 4020 402 PS DIVISION NO. 7 12.5 12500 1250 PS DIVISION NO. 8 10.7 10700 1070 PS RAMA MANDI 16.67 16670 1667 PS BASTI BAWA KHEL 6.93 6930 693 PS BHARGO CAMP 5.29 5290 529 PS CANT 15.34 15340 1534 PS SADAR 131.87 131870 13187 PS NEW BARADRI 3.94 3940 394 TOTAL 233.53 233530 23353 Source:- Primary Calculation through GIS Software 11 | IJREAMV04I0743002 DOI : 10.18231/2454-9150.2018.0892 © 2018, IJREAM All Rights Reserved.