DOCSLIB.ORG

PAIN SCORING in DOGS: an OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT PAIN SCORING in CATS: an OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT (Combined)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PAIN SCORING in DOGS: an OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT PAIN SCORING in CATS: an OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT (Combined) PAIN SCORING IN DOGS: AN OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT PAIN SCORING IN CATS: AN OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT (Combined) Kirk Munoz, DVM (Hons), PgCert BA, MRCVS, cVMA, DACVAA Board Certified Specialist in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Assistant Professor, Anesthesia Fear Free Certified Professional College of Veterinary Medicine- Michigan State University 784 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824 [email protected] Maggie (Pratt) Bodiya BS, LVT, VTS- AVTAA Veterinary Technician Specialist (Anesthesia/Analgesia) Veterinary Nurse III (Anesthesia Dept.) Academic Instructor (MSU Veterinary Nursing Program) Fear Free Certified Professional College of Veterinary Medicine- Michigan State University 784 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824 [email protected] Pain is a multifactorial experience involving both sensory and emotional components. There have been many definitions of pain but the most recent and accepted one has been stated by The International Association for the Study of Pain which states that, “Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.” Cats tend to display many of the signs associated with pain in dogs, but they may vary from dogs in the sense that they can also appear very grumpy and remain in a quiet crouched position. In some cases, cats will purr when they are happy and also in pain, so this cannot be relied on to determine if a cat is painful or not. This goes to prove the point that no one sign can be used to determine if an animal is painful and the extent of the pain that animal is experiencing. Animals that are painful may become very reserved and quiet, i.e. lay quiet at the back of the cage and not move or they may become very aggressive and attack their site of pain and or persons that are trying to care for them. Assessment of pain has historically been performed in a very subjective manner. Pain can be difficult to evaluate especially in non-verbal animals and humans. Certain factors such as genetics, breed and age of animals have been shown to affect the way animals respond to pain. It has been reported that red-heads, for example are less sensitive to the effects of some drugs and thus higher dosages of analgesics may be needed to manage pain in these animals. Factors such as heart rate, blood pressure and cortisol levels have also been used to assess pain in animals, but it is important to remember that other conditions such as fear, anxiety, stress, anesthesia, pharmacological interventions, etc. can also contribute to an increase in these values. On their own, they are therefore not good evaluators of pain. A study which involved veterinary professionals found that 8.1% used a pain scoring system, while 80.3% thought that it was a useful tool. Pain that is left untreated can lead to delayed recovery, a decrease in quality of life and it also disrupts the human–animal bond. There are a few simple and quick pain scoring scales available, such as the vertical analog scale (VAS), descriptive and numerical rating scales. These are unidimensional scales and have been shown to have high variability, as high as 35%, in pain scoring among veterinary staff looking at the same patient. This variability has been found to be even more significant when there are many care givers for the same patient. When choosing a pain scoring system, it helps to have a user-friendly system. One should consider those who will be scoring the animals; such as veterinary staff, students and perhaps owners. A chronic pain scoring system that has proven to be valid and reliable is the Helsinki chronic pain scoring system. It is easy to use, and owners can be trained and asked to use it to assess the level of pain in the dogs at home. Ideally, especially if using unidimensional pain scales, if used by the same individual each time pain is assessed in a single patient there is a decrease in variability in pain scoring but it is still not as accurate as when a composite scale is used. Scores from the pain scoring system should be part of the patient record. The patient should be assessed pre and post-operatively, this also helps to give the veterinary professional a baseline pain score of the animal on presentation. The animal should be assessed at regular intervals (depending on the patient, procedure, score obtained at each scoring, etc.). The Glasgow composite measure pain scale is a validated and widely used pain scoring system. It is designed for acute musculoskeletal and acute surgical pain. There are two short forms available that have been used for both dogs and cats which has helped to considerably speed patient assessment. The scales consist of numerous descriptors designed to minimize bias and interpretation by observers. The total CMPS-Feline score has been shown to be a useful indicator of analgesic requirement and the recommended analgesic intervention level is 5/20. The feline grimace scale is another scoring system that can be used in a practice or hospital environment. Recommended analgesic intervention level is 6/24 or 5/20, when using this scoring system. References Coleman DL, Slingsby LS. (2007) Attitudes of veterinary nurses to the assessment of pain and the use of pain scales. Vet Rec. 21;160(16):541-544. Hielm-Björkman AK1, Rita H, Tulamo RM. (2009). Psychometric testing of the Helsinki chronic pain index by completion of a questionnaire in Finnish by owners of dogs with chronic signs of pain caused by osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res. 70(6):727-734. Kongara K. (2018). Pharmacogenetics of opioid analgesics in dogs Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics banner, (41) pp 195-204. Marina C. Evangelista, Ryota Watanabe, Vivian S. Y. Leung, Beatriz P. Monteiro, Elizabeth O’Toole, Daniel S. J. Pang & Paulo V. Steagall. (2019). Facial expressions of pain in cats: the development and validation of a Feline Grimace Scale. Sci Rep. 13;9(1):19128. Reid, J., Nolan, A., Hughes, L., Lascelles, BDX., Pawson, P, Scott, EM. (2007). Development of the short-form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) and derivation of an analgesic intervention score. Anim Welf Suppl. 1. Reid, J., Scott, EM., Calvo, G., Nolan, A. (2017). Definitive Glasgow acute pain scale for cats: Validation and intervention level. Veterinary Record. 180. vetrec-2016. 10.1136/vr.104208. Treede RD. (2018). The International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: as valid in 2018 as in 1979, but in need of regularly updated footnotes. Pain reports, 3(2), e643. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guidelines for Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals: Responsibilities, Recognition, and Intervention
    Guidelines for Pain and Distress in Laboratory Animals: Responsibilities, Recognition, and Intervention Introduction Animals can experience pain and distress. It is the ethical and legal obligation of all personnel involved with the use of animals in research to reduce or eliminate pain and distress in research animals whenever such actions do not interfere with the research objectives. The Institute/Center Animal Care and Use Committee (IC ACUC) has the delegated responsibility and accountability for ensuring that all animals under their oversight are used humanely and in accordance with a number of Federal Regulations and policies.2,21,29,30,32 Key to fulfilling the responsibilities for both the Principal Investigator (PI) and the IC ACUC are to: • understand the legal requirements, • be able to distinguish pain and distress in animals from their normal state, • relieve or minimize the pain and distress appropriately; and • establish humane endpoints. Regulatory Requirements and IC ACUC Responsibilities The IC ACUC must ensure that all aspects of the animal study proposal (ASP) that may cause more than transient pain and/or distress are addressed; alternatives6 to painful or distressful procedures are considered; that methods, anesthetics, and analgesics to minimize or eliminate pain and distress are included when these methods do not interfere with the research objectives; and that humane endpoints have been established for all situations where more than transient pain and distress can not be avoided or eliminated. Whenever possible, death or severe pain and distress should be avoided as endpoints. A written scientific justification is required to be included in the ASP for any more than transient painful or distressful procedure that cannot be relieved or minimized.
    [Show full text]
  • Do “Prey Species” Hide Their Pain? Implications for Ethical Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
    Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 2 (2020) 216–236 brill.com/jaae Do “Prey Species” Hide Their Pain? Implications for Ethical Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Larry Carbone Independent scholar; 351 Buena Vista Ave #703E, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA [email protected] Abstract Accurate pain evaluation is essential for ethical review of laboratory animal use. Warnings that “prey species hide their pain,” encourage careful accurate pain assess- ment. In this article, I review relevant literature on prey species’ pain manifestation through the lens of the applied ethics of animal welfare oversight. If dogs are the spe- cies whose pain is most reliably diagnosed, I argue that it is not their diet as predator or prey but rather because dogs and humans can develop trusting relationships and because people invest time and effort in canine pain diagnosis. Pain diagnosis for all animals may improve when humans foster a trusting relationship with animals and invest time into multimodal pain evaluations. Where this is not practical, as with large cohorts of laboratory mice, committees must regard with skepticism assurances that animals “appear” pain-free on experiments, requiring thorough literature searches and sophisticated pain assessments during pilot work. Keywords laboratory animal ‒ pain ‒ animal welfare ‒ ethics ‒ animal behavior 1 Introduction As a veterinarian with an interest in laboratory animal pain management, I have read articles and reviewed manuscripts on how to diagnose a mouse in pain. The challenge, some authors warn, is that mice and other “prey species” © LARRY CARBONE, 2020 | doi:10.1163/25889567-bja10001 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Advances in the Study of Animal Welfare
    Scientific advances in the study of animal welfare How we can more effectively Why Pain? assess pain… Matt Leach To recognise it, you need to define it… ‘Pain is an unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’ IASP 1979 As it is the emotional component that is critical for our welfare, the same will be true for animals Therefore we need indices that reflect this component! Q. How do we assess experience? • As it is subjective, direct assessment is difficult.. • Unlike in humans we do not have a gold standard – i.e. Self-report – Animals cannot meaningfully communicate with us… • So we traditionally use proxy indices Derived from inferential reasoning Infer presence of pain in animals from behavioural, anatomical, physiological & biochemical similarity to humans In humans, if pain induces a change & that change is prevented by pain relief, then it is used to assess pain If the same occurs in animals, then we assume that they can be used to assess pain Quantitative sensory testing • Application of standardised noxious stimuli to induce a reflex response – Mechanical, thermal or electrical… – Used to measure nociceptive (i.e. sensory) thresholds • Wide range of methods used – Choice depends on type of pain (acute / chronic) modeled • Elicits specific behavioural response (e.g. withdrawal) – Latency & frequency of response routinely measured – Intensity of stimulus required to elicit a response • Easy to use, but difficult to master… Value? • What do these tests tell us: – Fundamental nociceptive mechanisms & central processing – It measures evoked pain, not spontaneous pain • Tests of hypersensitivity not pain per se (Different mechanisms) • What don’t these tests tell us: – Much about the emotional component of pain • Measures nociceptive (sensory) thresholds based on autonomic responses (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching
    Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching Fourth edition © 2020. Published by the American Dairy Science Association®, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Poultry Science Association. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). American Dairy Science Association® American Society of Animal Science Poultry Science Association 1800 South Oak Street, Suite 100 PO Box 7410 4114C Fieldstone Road Champaign, IL 61820 Champaign, IL 61826 Champaign, IL 61822 www.adsa.org www.asas.org www.poultryscience.org ISBN: 978-0-9634491-5-3 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-7362930-0-3 (PDF) ISBN: 978-0-9649811-2-6 (PDF) 978-0-9634491-4-6 (ePub) 978-1-7362930-1-0 (ePub) 978-0-9649811-3-3 (ePub) Committees to revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, 4th edition (2020) Senior Editorial Committee Cassandra B. Tucker, University of California Davis (representing the American Dairy Science Association®) Michael D. MacNeil, Delta G (representing the American Society of Animal Science) A. Bruce Webster, University of Georgia (representing the Poultry Science Association) Ag Guide 4th edition authors Chapter 1: Institutional Policies Chapter 7: Dairy Cattle Ken Anderson, North Carolina State University, Chair Cassandra Tucker, University of California Davis, Chair Deana Jones, ARS USDA Nigel Cook, University of Wisconsin–Madison Gretchen Hill, Michigan State University Marina von Keyserlingk, University of British Columbia James Murray, University of California Davis Peter Krawczel, University of Tennessee Chapter 2: Agricultural Animal Health Care Chapter 8: Horses Frank F.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2019
    ANIMAL WELFARE SCIENCE UPDATE ISSUE 66 – OCTOBER 2019 The aim of the animal welfare science update is to keep you informed of developments in animal welfare science relating to the work of the RSPCA. The update provides summaries of the most relevant scientific papers and reports received by the RSPCA Australia office in the past quarter. Email [email protected] to subscribe. ANIMALS USED FOR SPORT, ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATION AND WORK Observations on human safety and horse emotional state during grooming sessions Grooming is a basic aspect of horse care, and when During grooming, only 5% of the horses expressed performed correctly can be a pleasant experience for mutual grooming, approach or relaxed behaviour, the horse. However, when performed incorrectly it whereas avoidance and threatening behaviour were can lead to negative emotions in horses and these expressed by four times more horses. This behaviour may lead to handling difficulties and potential safety was independent of the horse’s gender or breed, issues. In fact, one quarter of injuries caused by horses suggesting that these behaviours are less related to the that require hospital treatment occur while the rider characteristics of the horses, and more related to the is on foot, and children are substantially more likely way they are groomed. During the observations there to be seriously injured when they are on foot near a were 9 potentially dangerous incidents where a horse’s horse compared to when they are riding. This study teeth or hoof passed within 10cm of the rider’s body, examined the behaviours of both horse and rider and the riders were often unaware of this behaviour in during a grooming session to determine whether their horse.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Pain Assessment in Pigs Ison, SH; Clutton, RE; Di Giminiani, P; Rutherford, KMD
    Scotland's Rural College A review of pain assessment in pigs Ison, SH; Clutton, RE; Di Giminiani, P; Rutherford, KMD Published in: Frontiers in Veterinary Science DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00108 First published: 28/11/2016 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication Citation for pulished version (APA): Ison, SH., Clutton, RE., Di Giminiani, P., & Rutherford, KMD. (2016). A review of pain assessment in pigs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 3, 8 - 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00108 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 REVIEW published: 28 November 2016 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00108 A Review of Pain Assessment in Pigs Sarah H. Ison1,2*†, R. Eddie Clutton2, Pierpaolo Di Giminiani3 and Kenneth M. D. Rutherford1 1 Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK, 2 Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK, 3 Food and Rural Development, School of Agriculture, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK There is a moral obligation to minimize pain in pigs used for human benefit.
    [Show full text]
  • A Redefinition of Facial Communication in Non-Human Animals
    Central Journal of Behavior Review Article *Corresponding author Claude Tomberg, Faculty of Medecine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, 808, route de Lennick, CP 630, Brussels, Belgium, Tel: +32-02-555.64.05; Email: ctomberg@ A Redefinition of Facial ulb.ac.be Submitted: 22 October 2020 Communication in Non-Human Accepted: 17 November 2020 Published: 21 November 2020 Animals ISSN: 2576-0076 Copyright Sophie Pellon, Margaux Hallegot, Julian Lapique and Claude © 2020 Pellon S, et al. Tomberg* OPEN ACCESS Faculty of Medecine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Keywords Abstract • Facial expressions • Facial behaviors In humans, social communication is mostly conveyed by facial expressions, which • Facial movements are widely shared among Mammals. Based on current knowledge, we explore the • Social communication concept of facial communication from an evolutionary point of view and examine • Amniotes how far it might not only be performed by Mammals, but more broadly by Amniotes. • Cutaneous muscles As we investigate facial communication in various species, we find out that facial • Cranial nerve expressions are restrained to Mammals. However, even if non-mammals lack of cutaneous facial muscles responsible of facial expressions, they display facial signals bearing a communicative value. Thus, facial communication is not clustered to Mammals. Moreover, some facial displays are shared by almost every Amniotes, as the eye- blink which has been suggested to be related to social factors aside its physiological role. Yet, to understand the terminology of this research field, definitions should be unified. Thus, based on current data on Amniotes’ facial communication, we proposed extended definitions of facial movements, behaviours and expressions: movements are visible displacements of body segments or tissues.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Opinion Concerning the Killing of Rabbits for Purposes Other Than Slaughter
    SCIENTIFIC OPINION ADOPTED: 10 December 2019 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5943 Scientific opinion concerning the killing of rabbits for purposes other than slaughter EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Klaus Depner, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortazar Schmidt, Virginie Michel, Miguel Angel Miranda Chueca, Helen Clare Roberts, Liisa Helena Sihvonen, Karl Stahl, Antonio Velarde Calvo, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Denise Candiani, Chiara Fabris, Olaf Mosbach-Schulz, Yves Van der Stede and Hans Spoolder Abstract Rabbits of different ages may have to be killed on-farm for purposes other than slaughter (where slaughter is defined as killing for human consumption) either individually or on a large scale (e.g. for production reasons or for disease control). The purpose of this opinion was to assess the risks associated to the on-farm killing of rabbits. The processes during on-farm killing that were assessed included handling, stunning and/or killing methods (including restraint). The latter were grouped into four categories: electrical methods, mechanical methods, controlled atmosphere method and lethal injection. In total, 14 hazards were identified and characterised, most of these related to stunning and/or killing. The staff was identified as the origin for all hazards, either due to lack of the appropriate skill sets needed to perform tasks or due to fatigue. Possible corrective and preventive measures were assessed: measures to correct hazards were identified for five hazards and the staff was shown to have a crucial role in prevention.
    [Show full text]
  • By Aylia Mohammadi a Thesis Submitted in Conformity with the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Depart
    QUANTITATIVE BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS OF THERMAL NOCICEPTION IN Caenorhabditis elegans: INVESTIGATION OF NEURAL SUBSTRATES SPATIALLY MEDIATING THE NOXIOUS RESPONSE, AND THE EFFECTS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS. by Aylia Mohammadi A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Physics University of Toronto © Copyright 2013 by Aylia Mohammadi Abstract Quantitative behavioral analysis of thermal nociception in Caenorhabditis elegans: investigation of neural substrates spatially mediating the noxious response, and the effects of pharmacological perturbations. Aylia Mohammadi Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Physics University of Toronto 2013 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a relatively simple nervous system of only 302 neurons, but is able to perform an impressive range of complex behaviors. This dissertation aims to understand the neurobiology of behavior by quantifying, at the systems-level, the sen- sorimotor response to carefully controlled stimuli. Through neuronal or genetic perturbations to the system, we can begin to uncouple the behavior from the underlying circuitry. The be- havior studied here is thermal nociception, an escape response designed to protect an organism from potential tissue damage or harm from noxious heat. Vertebrates and invertebrates alike possess sensory neurons called nociceptors that detect noxious stimuli and relay the stimulus information to elicit an appropriate escape response. C. elegans is known to perform a reversal or forward response when presented with noxious stimuli at the head or tail, respectively. In this work, we develop a novel thermal stimulus assay with precise spatiotemporal control of an infrared pulse that targets small regions along the worm to spatially dissect the noxious re- sponse.
    [Show full text]
  • Pain Management for Animals Used in Science: Views of Scientists and Veterinarians in Canada
    Animals 2014, 4, 494-514; doi:10.3390/ani4030494 OPEN ACCESS animals ISSN 2076-2615 www.mdpi.com/journal/animals Article Pain Management for Animals Used in Science: Views of Scientists and Veterinarians in Canada Nicole Fenwick, Shannon E. G. Duffus and Gilly Griffin * Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC), 190 O’Connor St., Suite 800, Ottawa, ON, K2P 2R3, Canada; E-Mails: [email protected] (N.F.); [email protected] (S.E.G.D.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-613-238-4031; Fax: +1-613-238-2837. Received: 21 March 2014; in revised form: 22 July 2014 / Accepted: 28 July 2014 / Published: 4 August 2014 Simple Summary: Veterinarians, veterinarian-scientists and scientists (all engaged in animal-based studies in Canada) were interviewed to explore the challenges and opportunities for laboratory animal pain management. Our broader aim was to contribute to further discussion of how pain can be minimized for animals used in science. Recognizing when animals are in pain continues to present a challenge, and there does not seem to be consensus on the signs of pain. Clarification of the interactions between scientific objectives and pain management are needed, as well as a stronger evidence base for pain management approaches. Detailed examination of pain management for individual invasive animal models in order to develop model-specific pain management protocols may be useful. Abstract: To explore the challenges and opportunities for pain management for animals used in research an interview study with 9 veterinarians, 3 veterinarian-scientists and 9 scientists, all engaged in animal-based studies in Canada, was carried out.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of an RSPCA/AHVLA Meeting on the Welfare of Agricultural Animals in Research: Cattle, Goats, Pigs and Sheep
    April 2014 Animal Technology and Welfare Report of an RSPCA/AHVLA meeting on the welfare of agricultural animals in research: cattle, goats, pigs and sheep *PENNY HAWKINS 1, R. EDDIE CLUTTON 2, NGAIRE DENNISON 3, MIRJAM GUESGEN 4, MATT LEACH 5, FINULA SHARPE 6, HUGH SIMMONS 7, ADRIAN J. SMITH 8, JOHN WEBSTER 9 and UTE WEYER 7 1 Research Animals Department, RSPCA, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, West Sussex RH13 9RS 2 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG 3 Home Office Animals in Science Regulation Unit, PO Box 6779, Dundee DD1 9WW 4 Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand 5 Pain & Animal Welfare Science (PAWS) Group, School of Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU 6 HLS, Woolley Road, Alconbury, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE28 4HS 7 AHVLA, Animal Sciences Unit, AHVLA Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB 8 Norecopa, c/o Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway 9 Old Sock Cottage, Mudford Sock, Yeovil, Somerset BA22 8EA *Corresponding author: [email protected] Introduction Sciences in Bologna the same year, a European organisation was established with the purpose of The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to bringing together all four stakeholders interested in Animals (RSPCA) and the Animal Health and Veterinary animal research: regulators, academia, industry and Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) jointly convened a animal welfare organisations. This organisation, known meeting to bring together animal technologists, as ecopa (European Consensus-Platform for researchers, veterinarians and students with an Alternatives, www.ecopa.eu ), offers membership and interest in the welfare of cattle, goats, pig and sheep support to national platforms which follow the same used in research and testing, for a programme of talks principles.
    [Show full text]
  • Pioneering Better Science Annual 2017 Report
    NC3Rs | Annual Report 2017 Pioneering Better Science Annual 2017 Report 1 NC3Rs | Annual Report 2017 About the NC3Rs Contents The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction Foreword 4 New resource launched for researchers of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) is a scientific organisation that leads applying to use animals overseas 25 1 2017 Highlights 6 the discovery and application of new technologies and approaches New resource for university web pages 25 that minimise the use of animals in research and improve animal UK Highlights 6 Supporting postdoctoral researchers: Global Highlights 8 welfare (the 3Rs). Fellowships awarded 26 2 2017 in numbers 10 Reviewing our PhD Studentship Scheme 26 We collaborate with scientists and organisations from across the life 3 Year of Laboratory Rodent Welfare 12 sciences sector, nationally and internationally, including universities, 7 Working with partners 28 Mouse handling 13 the pharmaceutical, chemical and consumer products industries, Academia and funders 29 other research funders, and regulatory authorities. Workshop at the IAT Symposium: Industry and SMEs 32 Playtime for rats 14 Public engagement 33 We support the commitment of the scientific community to the TaiNi: Not so tiny breakthrough in refined 8 Annexes 34 3Rs by funding research and early career development, facilitating neural recording in mice 15 Annex 1: Awards funded through 4 Improving the quality of science open innovation and the commercialisation of 3Rs technologies, response mode schemes 36 and stimulating changes
    [Show full text]