Carol Leigh's Specialties
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Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Friction-Spun Yarns
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research Vol.18,March 1993,pp.14-l9 Influence of process parameters on the properties of friction-spun yarns A R Padmanabhan & N Ramakrishnan The South India Textile Research Association, Coimbatore 641 014, India Received 9 June 1992; revised received 23 October 1992; accepted 24 November 1992 The effects of spinning drum speed, yam delivery rate, core-wrapper ratio and number of wrapper slivers on the quality characteristics of yams spun on a laboratory model DREF-3 friction spinning ma- chine have been studied. It is observed that by and large, drum speed and per cent wrapper fibres deter- mine the yarn tenacity while the delivery rate and the per cent core fibre content influence the yam un- evenness. Keywords: Carding drum, Drum speed, Friction-spun yarn, Yarn tenacity, Unevenness, Wrapper fibres t Introduction drafting unit II with different core-to-wrapper ratios The quality of the yarn obtained from any spinn- and at different delivery rates. ing system depends on the quality of raw material In each count, 12 yarn samples, three for each of used as well as on the process parameters employed the four process variables, were produced by suit- during spinning. Friction spinning is no exception to ably altering the spinning parameters as listed in this. While many research workers have studied in Table 2. While varying the parameters, care was tak- detail the influence of process variables on yarn en to ensure that only one parameter was changed at quality in both ring and rotor spinning, such an in- a time, keeping the other three at the following opti- formation with regard to friction spinning appears mum level as suggested by the manufacturer. -
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society Heather Langford Theses submitted for the degree of Master of Arts Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Centre of Asian Studies University of Adelaide May 2009 ii Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the research requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Centre of Asian Studies School of Humanities and Social Sciences Adelaide University 2009 iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction.........................................................................................1 1.1. Literature Review..............................................................................13 1.2. Chapter summary ..............................................................................17 1.3. Conclusion ........................................................................................19 2. Background .......................................................................................20 2.1. Pre Han History.................................................................................20 2.2. Qin Dynasty ......................................................................................24 2.3. The Han Dynasty...............................................................................25 2.3.1. Trade with the West............................................................................. 30 2.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................32 3. Textiles and Technology....................................................................33 -
Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving
TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 790 • JANUARY 1942 Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving By JAMES O. GRANDSTAFF Associate Animal Fiber Technologist Animal Husbandry Division Bureau of Animal Industry LNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. G. • Price 20 cents Technical Bulletin No. 790 • January 1942 llgFA|i:tBlEIV*r «F ACSIIIC1JI.TI7RE WASIIIM«T»N, »* C. Wool Characteristics in Relation to Navajo Weaving' By JAMES O. GBANDSTAPF ^ Associate animal fiber technologist, Animal Husbandry Division, Bureau of Animal Industry CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 1 Experimental results 12 Purpose of study 7 Rugs woven from wool of experimental Materialsand methods 7 sheep 12 Rugs woven from wool of experimental Old Navajo blankets and rugs 21 sheep- 7 Comparison of wool from experimental Old Navajo blankets and rugs 8 sheep with that in old blankets and rugs. 33 Summary 34 Literature cited 36 INTRODUCTION Hand weaving is an industry of considerable economic and social importance to the Navajo Indians (fig. 1). On and immediately adjacent to a reservation area of approxiiiiately 16 million acres in northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico/and southern Utah, nearly 50,000 Navajos make their home. Sheep raising has been the main occupation of these people for well over a century. After years of continued overgrazing, the land has become badly eroded and will not support a sheep industry of sufficient size to maintain the constantly growing Navajo population. The number of mature sheep and goats on the reservation has been reduced to about 550,000 head, but the total number of stock, in- cluding horses and cattle, is still considerably in excess of the carrying capacity of the range, according to estimates of the Soil Conservation Service, of the United States Department of Agriculture. -
Navajo Weavers
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. NAVAJO WEAVERS. BY Dr. WASHINOTON MATTHEWS, U. S. A. (371) ILLirSTKATIONS. Page. Platk XXXIV. —Navajo woman spinning 376 XXXV. —Weaving of diamnntl-shaped tliagonals 380 XXXVI.—Navajo woman weaving a belt 384 XXXVII.— Ziiiii women weaving a belt 388 XXXVIII.—Bringing down tbe batten 390 Fig. 42.—Ordinary Navajo blanket loom 378 43. —Diagram sbowing formation of warp 379 44.—Weaving of saddle-girtb 382 45. —Diagram showing arrangement of threads of tbe warp in tbe bealds and on the rod 383 46. —Weaving of saddle-girtb 383 47. —Diagram showing arrangement of healds in diagonal weaving. 384 48.—Diagonal cloth 384 49. —Navajo blanket of the finest quality 385 50. —Navajo blankets 386 51. —Navajo blanket 386 52. —Navajo blanket 387 53. —Navajo blanket 387 54. —Part of Navajo blanket 388 55. —Part of Navajo blanket 388 56. —Diagram showing formation of warp of sash 388 57. —Section of Navajo belt 389 53.—Wooden heaUl of the Zuuis 389 59. —Gix'l weaving (from an Aztec picture) 391 (373) NAVAJO WEAVERS. By Dr. Washington Matthews. § I. The art of weaving, as it exists among the Navajo Indians of New Mexico and Arizona, possesses points of great interest to the stu- dent of ethnography. It is of aboriginal origin ; and while European art has undoubtedly modifled it, the extent and nature of the foreign influence is easily traced. It is by no means certain, still there are many reasons for supposing, that the Navajos learned their craft from the Pueblo Indians, and that, too, since the advent of the Spaniards; yet the pupils, if such they be, far excel their masters to-day in the beauty and quality of their work. -
Start Spinning: Everything You Need to Know to Make Great Yarn Ebook
START SPINNING: EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW TO MAKE GREAT YARN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Maggie Casey | 120 pages | 01 Apr 2008 | Interweave Press Inc | 9781596680654 | English | Loveland, CO, United States Start Spinning: Everything You Need to Know to Make Great Yarn PDF Book To make two-ply yarn, take two singles strands or both ends of the same strand , attach them both to your spindle, and twist them around each other in the opposite direction from how you originally spun them. When you spin, you put twist into fibres so that they hold together to form a continuous thread. Navajo Plying - Making a three-ply yarn 8. Designed to appeal to the beginning spinner, tips and hints are provided that illustrate how easy, enjoyable, and relaxing spinning can be. When I was in Kenya, women spun Romney wool chiefly "in the grease," but it often locked in large amounts of dirt in the process. Spin spin spin! Covers fiber characteristics, preparation and spinning, choosing a wheel, and crafting the finished yarn into useful and attractive pieces. I Made It! Leave the original loop of fiber anchored on the spindle hook. Description If you are a knitter or crocheter looking to take the step from just using manufactured yarn to making your own this is a great book to get you started. A bunch of loose fibers will fall apart if you pull on their ends. Launching a Patreon! First and foremost, you want a balanced drop spindle that spins true. Either one will do just fine to learn on. It is also much easier to learn to spin wool than silk, or cotton and other vegetable fibres. -
Oriental Rug Knotting & Construction
Oriental Rug Knotting & Construction Knotted, Tufted and Flat-Woven Rugs; Knot Types and Density Anatomy of A Hand Knotted Rug A. WARP - The parallel threads running through the entire length of the rug onto which the knots are tied. B. WEFT - The threads running across the width of the rug inserted between all the rows of knots. These threads pass through alternate warp threads. Their job is to secure the knots in parallel lines and to strengthen the fabric. C. KNOT - The term used for a strand of wool yarn which is looped around two adjacent warp threads and then cut to form the pile (surface of carpet). D. OVERCASTING - A simple wrapping of dyed yarn along the entire length of both sides of a handmade rug. E. FRINGE - The visible continuation of the warp threads at both ends of the carpet. F. KILIM - The pileless web of warp and weft between the rug's pile and the knotted fringe. This is also the name for a rug without pile. Types of Oriental Rug Construction Who Uses Which Knot? Line of division (dotted line): distinguishing Turkish Knot (west of line) and Persian Knot areas (east). PERSIAN KNOT WITH ALL OF THE WARP THREADS ON ONE LEVEL TURKISH KNOT WITH ALL OF THE WARP THREADS ON ONE LEVEL PERSIAN KNOT WITH THE WARP THREADS ON TWO DIFFERENT LEVELS OPEN BACK & CLOSED BACK OPEN BACK CLOSED Different methods for finishing the undersides of rugs BACK The FULL LOOP part of the In the CLOSED BACK KNOT is on the UPPER KNOT the FULL LOOP is warp thread on the LOWER warp thread . -
Index 2001–2010
INDEX 2001–2010 Artley, Suzanne Bates, Julie KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS Lanolin for Healing. Sp09: 112 Restoring My Antique Spinning Wheel. Sp01: Sp Spring Athena, Star 84–87 Su Summer Quant, K. Su09: 82 Baxter, Clairelis F Fall W Winter Axtman, Wendy A Yarn to Remember. F03: 120 Cr crochet Spinning Cosmetic Puffs, K. F03: 82 Beal, Stephen H number of harnesses Baker, A. M. Nora Meets Milan. Su05: 120 K knit Spinning Memories. W10: 112 Becker, Libby Pw plain weave Bakriges, Jeannine Jane’s Half Gloves, K. W10: 94 RH rigid heddle Book Review. Coat of Many Scrumbles Beers, Julie Tw twill (Mapstone). Sp08: 20–21 In Spite of It All: Spinning with Multiple Compiler’s note: Sp05: 1–3 is a continuous Book Review. A Gathering of Lace (Swansen). Sclerosis. Su06: 38–40 reference; Sp05: 1, 3 contains intervening text W01: 19–20 Unspun Entrelac Button-Up Neck Warmer, K. Book Review. Handpaint Country (Potter). Sp10: 88 Sp03: 19 Bell, Paige Book Review. Sweaters from Camp (Detjen, Book Review. The Prairie Girl’s Guide to Life Author/Designer Index Swansen, and Williams). F03: 16 (Worick). Sp08: 23 Drafting Techniques: The Long and Short of Book Review. Runway Knits: 30 Fashion- Abrams, Charlene It. Su10: 64–67; correction, F10: 4 Forward Designs (Karapetyan). F07: 16 Handspun Mitered-Square Sweater, K. Su03: Naturally Dyed Funky Faroese Socks, K. Benfatto, Elaine 56–61 Su03: 80–83 Book Review. Hooking with Yarn (Taylor). F04: Adam, Mavis Scandinavian-Inspired Mittens and Hat. 18 Button-Up Neck Warmer, K. Su09: 70–71 Su02: 66–72 Book Review. -
How to Make Métis Hooked Rugs
How to Make Métis Hooked Rugs There are six steps in making a hooked rug. These are: 1) Preparing Materials 2) Building a Frame 3) Preparing a Work Surface 4) Cutting and Tracing the Pattern 5) Hooking the Rug 6) Putting on the Backing and Finishing Touches 1) Preparing Materials • Use two-by-two inch pieces of wood for the frame • Make the frame slightly bigger than the rug • Use nails to attach the frame • Use burlap or jute for the frame’s backing • Use corduroy or denim to reinforce the frame’s border • Use quilting or upholstery thread to stitch the border • Use sealed wax to bind the border to the burlap/jute backing • Use wool or string to lace the burlap border to the frame • Use various big-eyed needles and a thimble for the lacing process • Use paper to make the pattern • Use paper scissors to cut out the pattern • Use small or large straight pins to pin down the pattern • Use sharp scissors to cut all fabric • Use a rug-hooking tool to begin the rug-hooking process • Rug-hooking tools can be found at craft or carpet stores, or can be made from a cork and a nail • Use various colours of cotton t-shirts for materials • Cut the seams out of the t-shirts, and then cut the material into thumb width strips • The strips can be rolled into balls for easy storage 2) Building a Frame • Make an adjustable frame by drilling holes in the wood • Use a nut and a bolt to adjust the frame’s size • If the frame is to be used only once, nail it together 3) Preparing a Work Surface • Choose either burlap or jute (which is finer grained) • Then -
Fall Fiber Festival 2019 Schedule of Events
Fall Fiber Festival 2019 Schedule of Events Ongoing Activities Saturday and Sunday Montpelier Sheep Dog Trials, sponsored by the VA Border Collie Association Skein, Garment & Fiber Arts Competition and Display - Display & Demo Tent Fiber Arts Demonstrations and Hands-on Activities - Display & Demo Tent Fleece Sale - Fleece Sale Tent Saturday October 5, 2019, 10 am – 5 pm ALL DAY Weaving & Spinning Demos, Fiber Prep & Combing, Knit/Crochet Help, Circular Sock Knitting Machines, Yarn/Ball Winding ~ Display & Demo Tent 9:30 am-4:30 pm FELTING WORKSHOP: Felted Necklace ~ Workshop Tents 9:30 am-12:30 pm SPINNING WORKSHOP: Interaction of Color in Spinning ~ Workshop Tents 10 am-4 pm FACE PAINTING ~ Near Animal Exhibit Tent 10 am-4:30 pm DEMO: Circular Sock Knitting Machines ~ Display & Demo Tent 10 am-4:30 pm DEMO: Spinning from a Bunny ~ Display & Demo Tent 10 am-Noon DEMO: Knitting on a Knitting Machine ~ Display & Demo Tent 10 am-11am DEMO: Spinning Shetland Fleece ~ Display & Demo Tent 10:30 am-Noon DEMO: Embroidery & Stitching ~ Display & Demo Tent 11:00 am SHEEP SHEARING ~ Animal Exhibit Tent 11 am-1 pm DEMO: Great Wheel Spinning (Weather Permitting) ~ Display & Demo Tent 11 am-Noon DEMO: Combing Wool for Worsted Spinning ~ Display & Demo Tent 11 am-1 pm DEMO: Nuno Felting ~ Display & Demo Tent 12:30 pm-2 pm DEMO: Tri-Loom Weaving ~ Display & Demo Tent 1 pm-4 pm DEMO: Needle Felted Flowers - Ginter Garden Felters ~ Display & Demo Tent 1 pm-2:30 pm DEMO: Kumihimo Braiding ~ Display & Demo Tent 1 pm-2 pm KIDS CLASS: Walk in Projects for -
Crochet Extra
Crochet Extra 141st Edition– March—2018 It’s all quite exciting around here as I get ready to go on Theme – A Crocheters’ toolkit Australia’s first crochet cruise with Cruise Express. If you saw th I was forced to clean out my project bag recently and I gave Better Homes & Gardens on 9 February, you would have seen myself the challenge to question whether I really needed the ship we are going on – Celebrity Solstice. I have never everything I had included. But like cruised before, but can imagine the combination of cruising the any craft, a good toolkit is essential seas, visiting islands, relaxing and crocheting is going to be a to not only get the job done, but get fantastic combination – so I it done well and enjoyably. So what can’t wait. Of course I will be are the items that crocheters should working as I lead some of the have in their toolkit? workshops along with Jenny King but I do also plan to enjoy The obvious is a good selection of myself. Look forward to seeing crochet hooks. You can never have some of the photos in April. just one. And they must be comfortable to use – there are the ergonometric hooks such as clover soft touch, clover While I will be on the cruise (21st to 30th March), the shop will amour and addi – or add handles to steel and aluminium be in the capable hands of Sarah, however it will be closing at hooks – or the light up hooks for night or with dark yarn. -
Premium Knitting & Crochet Tool Catalog
2015 PREMIUM KNITTING & CROCHET TOOL CATALOG Westing Bridge LLC designs, manufactures and wholesales the complete line of ChiaoGoo premium bamboo, wood, and stainless steel knitting and crochet tools. We are dedicated to offering high quality products with great overall value! ChiaoGoo bamboo needles are made of Moso bamboo, the largest and strongest bamboo in the world. Our craftsmanship is the result of over 100 years of experience passed down by generations of skilled craftsmen. Due to the quick, renewable nature of bamboo, we are proud that the products we offer are eco-friendly. Our stainless steel products are made of surgical-grade, stainless steel that is hypoallergenic and, in most cases, not reactive to sensitive skin. They have a nice smooth, satin sheen that won’t reflect any light making it hard to see your work. They are lightweight and strong! The needle is precisely machined resulting in perfect tips and joins. We take pride in providing excellent customer service to our customers in the United States and abroad. We have established a European Sales Office to assist those German and French speaking customers. Please refer to the back cover for contact information. We thank you for your interest in our ChiaoGoo products. SINGLE POINTS BAMBOO Our Patina and Natural Color Single Points have precisely tapered, hand-crafted tips. They are made of Moso bamboo which is the largest and strongest bamboo out of over 1,000 different species. The size is permanently laser imprinted on each needle and cap. The patina color is obtained with thermal heat. It is difficult to find bamboo large enough to produce needles larger than size US15 (10 mm). -
Craft Workshop News and Calendar Summer to Winter 2013 on the Move We Have Decided to Sell the Farm and Move on to the Next Exciting Adventure (Watch This Space)
The Threshing Barn Craft Workshop News and Calendar Summer to Winter 2013 On the Move We have decided to sell the farm and move on to the next exciting adventure (watch this space). The Threshing Barn will be coming with me, so don’t panic you’ll still be able to get your supplies. So would you be interested to follow your dream of running a small holding of 36 acres with the workshop? You could live in a beautiful upgraded Grade 2 listed farmhouse full of old features. In the courtyard are the buildings we have used for the craft workshop with business use planning on. Then there’s the original Threshing Barn ready for conversion subject to planning permission. There are 2 new agricultural barns and secure workshop. We have lived here for nearly 16 years running our vision for a sustainable farm and associated craft business. My children live in Australia, Hong Kong and London and now being a grannie I want to spend more time with them and this is not possible with livestock. Contact us for details of our agents. New Website With the growth of our mail order business the website has been rebuilt on a more user friendly, more informative basis. You still need to phone or email with your questions and orders. The glitches are being ironed out and I thank Pete our website guru for his patience. He now knows the difference between a stick shuttle, a boat shuttle and an end delivery shuttle!!! It has been a marathon on his part, literally as he crippled himself last week whilst running a half marathon, so he’s had time to recover working on our website.