ILC in Japan

Tomohiko Tanabe ICEPP, The University of

BSM Snowmass Workshop at UC Irvine January 16, 2013

International Linear Collider

Damping Rings

Detectors

31 km

Cryomodule

Tunnel Layout Plan for Japanese Mountain Site

Superconducting RF Cavity ~ 31.5 MV/m

e+, e− Main Linac Energy : 250 + 250 GeV # of DRFS Klystron: 7280 Length : 11km + 11km # of Cryomodules: 1680 Upgradable to 1 TeV # of Cavities: 14560 January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 2 International Linear Collider

Ready for Project Submission NOW 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

LHC physics “Higgs”

Physics Case and Research Strategy 1st Ecm range

Detector Design (Research Directorate process) R&D R&D / Design Ref. Design Letter of Intent TDR Accelerator Design (Global Design Effort process) Organization Baseline

Ref. Design Re- New Linear Collider TDP-1 baseline TDP-2

Technical Design Phase (TDP) 1&2

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 3 Compact Linear Collider

Two-beam acceleration scheme Field gradient: >100 MV/m

Energy: 375 – 3 TeV (staged) CDR @ 2012

Recently studies have begun on a ~375 GeV first stage with single beam, switching to two-beam at higher energies which reuses the low energy facilities.

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 4 CLIC Project Timeline

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 5 LC Organization (2013~)

ICFA

Linear Collider Organization

PAC Linear Collider Board

Directorate Deputy (Physics)

ILC CLIC Physics & Detectors

Lyn Evans appointed Director for LC efforts, announced June 2012 LCB members announced Jan 10, 2013 (Chair: Sachio Komamiya) http://newsline.linearcollider.org/2013/01/10/members-of-new-linear-collider-board-announced/

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 6 Upcoming Conferences

• CLIC Workshop 2013 – January 28 – February 1, 2013 – @ CERN – http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=204269 • European Linear Collider Workshop (ECFA) 2013 – May 27 – 31, 2013 – @ DESY, Hamburg – http://lc2013.desy.de/ • Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS) 2013 – In November 2013 (exact dates to be announced) – @ The

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 7 For more information

• ILC Reference Design Report (2007) – http://www.linearcollider.org/about/Publications/Reference-Design-Report • ILC Detector Letters of Intent (2009) – http://www.linearcollider.org/physics-detectors/Detectors/Detector-LOIs • CLIC Conceptual Design Report (2012) – http://clic-study.org/accelerator/CLIC-ConceptDesignRep.php • European Strategy Input Documents (2012), e.g.: – CLIC e+e- Linear Collider Studies • http://indico.cern.ch/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=99&confId=175067 – The Physics Case for an e+e- Linear Collider • http://indico.cern.ch/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=69&confId=175067 • ILC Technical Design Report (2013) – Draft versions of Physics & Detector: • http://ific.uv.es/~fuster/DBD-Chapters/ – Final version (including Accelerator) will be available in 2013 – Collecting list of signatories: • http://www-flc.desy.de/dbd/

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 8 Efforts toward realizing ILC ILC is a genuine global project: most important key to its realization • Global governance of the project • Global cooperation • Global design, construction, and operation Realization of ILC requires both international and domestic efforts. à Here will focus on Japanese activities to prepare a global ILC project

Political Government Agencies Industrial Academic� Business Regional Local Government, General Public Residents� Tax-payers

Require coordination of various sectors!

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 9 The Context

• Japan is a country with limited natural resources. Land area is 1/26th the size of USA, of which 73% is mountainous. The population of 127 million is rapidly aging.

• Politicians and opinion influencers recognize that science and technology is among the top priority items in policymaking.

• There is strong motivation to pursue a global project that can attract the global intellectual communities, build a global city in which researchers and their families can feel comfortable living in for a long time, and create a global center of excellence.

• This is where the ILC comes in. They see the benefit of ILC to the society that goes beyond physics. They believe a large-scale global project such as the ILC can help revitalize the economy. (The support of the project is growing.) Using the ILC as a model case, further expansion of support for global research in science & technology can be foreseen.

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 10 Japanese HEP Community

• Japanese Association of High Energy Physicists (JAHEP) – 800+ members – “Recommendations by Subcommittee on Future Projects” (Mar. 2012) – “Proposal for Phased Execution of ILC” (Oct. 2012) • “ILC Strategy Council” formed for consistent, community-wide efforts to realize ILC • Preparation of KEK Roadmap 2014~ underway

High Energy Physics Community in Japan

High Energy Physics Committee (HEPC) KEK

roadmap subcommittee on election future projects

Japan Association of High Energy Physicists (JAHEP)

T. Mori @ Linear Collider Workshop 2012

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 11 [JAHEP] SubcommitteeRecommendations on Future Projects Chair: Toshinori Mori http://www.icepp.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/hecsubc/ Recommendations received in Feb. 2012 by HEPC (Chair: Sachio Komamiya) The committee makes the following recommendations concerning large-scale projects, which comprise the core of future high energy physics research in Japan. • Should a new particle such as a Higgs boson with a mass below approximately 1 TeV be confirmed at LHC, Japan should take the leadership role in an early realization of an e+e- linear collider. In particular, if the particle is light, experiments at low collision energy should be started at the earliest possible time. In parallel, continuous studies on new physics should be pursued for both LHC and the upgraded LHC version. Should the energy scale of new particles/physics be higher, accelerator R&D should be strengthened in order to realize the necessary collision energy.

• Should the neutrino mixing angle θ13 be confirmed as large, Japan should aim to realize a large-scale neutrino detector through international cooperation, accompanied by the necessary reinforcement of accelerator intensity, so allowing studies on CP symmetry through neutrino oscillations. This new large-scale neutrino detector should have sufficient sensitivity to allow the search for proton decays, which would be direct evidence of Grand Unified Theories. It is expected that the Committee on Future Projects, which includes the High Energy Physics AlsoCommittee mentioned: members SuperKEKB as its core, should, J-PARC, be able darkto swiftly matter, and neutrinolessflexibly update doublethe strategies beta fordecays, these

key, large-scale projects CMB according B-mode to polarization,newly obtained and knowledge dark energy from LHC and other sources.

JanuaryIt 15,is 2013important to complete andTomohiko start theTanabe SuperKEKB ([email protected] including )the detector, as scheduled. Some12 of the medium/small scale projects currently under consideration have the implicit potential to develop into important research fields in the future, such as neutrino physics and as such, should be promoted in parallel to pursue new physics in various directions. Flavour physics experiments such as muon experiments at J-PARC, searches for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decays or observations of CMB B-mode polarization and dark energy are considered as projects that have such potential.

4 A Proposal for a Phased Execution of the International Linear Collider Project [JAHEP] Proposal for Phased Execution of ILC

Translation of official In March 2012, the Japan Association of High Energy Physicists (JAHEP) accepted the recommendations of the Subcommittee on Future Projects of High Energy JAHEP statement, Physics(1) and adopted them as JAHEP's basic strategy for future projects. In July Oct 2012 2012, a new particle consistent with a Higgs Boson was discovered at LHC, while in December 2012 the Technical Design Report of the International Linear Collider (ILC) will be completed by a worldwide collaboration.

On the basis of these developments and following the subcommittee's recommendation on ILC, JAHEP proposes that ILC be constructed in Japan as a global project with the agreement of and participation by the international community in the following scenario:

(1) Physics studies shall start with a precision study of the "Higgs Boson", and then evolve into studies of the top quark, "dark matter" particles, and Higgs self- couplings, by upgrading the accelerator. A more specific scenario is as follows:

(A) A Higgs factory with a center-of-mass energy of approximately 250 GeV shall be constructed as a first phase.

(B) The machine shall be upgraded in stages up to a center-of-mass energy of ~500 GeV, which is the baseline energy of the overall project.

(C) Technical extendability to a 1 TeV region shall be secured.

(2) A guideline for contributions to the construction costs is that Japan covers 50% Cost estimate will be of the expenses (construction) of the overall project of a 500 GeV machine. The available in TDR. actual contributions, however, should be left to negotiations among the governments.

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 13

October, 2012 The Japan Association of High Energy Physicists

Reference (1) http://www.jahep.org/office/doc/201202_hecsubc_report.pdf The subcommittee’s recommendations are attached in the next page. ILC Strategy Council

members: H. Aihara (Tokyo), Y. Ushiroda (KEK), K. Oide (KEK), K. Kawagoe (Kyushu), M. Kuriki (Hiroshima), S. Komamiya (Tokyo), M. Saeki (KEK), H. Murayama (Kavli IPMU / Berkeley), T. Mori (Tokyo), S. Yamashita (Tokyo – Chair), A. Yamamoto (KEK), H. Yamamoto (Tohoku), ex-officio: A. Suzuki (DG of KEK), Y. Okada (KEK), M. Yamauchi (KEK)

Website (Japanese): http://ilc-str.jp

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 14 Advanced Accelerator Association Promoting Science & Technology Established in 2008 to promote accelerator research and ILC. Members include 91 corporations (e.g. Kyocera, Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toshiba) and 38 universities and institutions.

http://www.aaa-sentan.org/

Takashi Nishioka, Chairman Kaoru Yosano, Supreme Advisor Former Chairman of the Board, MHI Former Minister of Finance, MEXT, Former Chief Cabinet Secretary

Masatoshi Koshiba, Honorary Chairman Atsuto Suzuki, Trustee Professor Emer., The University of Tokyo Director General, KEK January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 15 Federation of Diet Members for ILC

In 2006, members from LDP members established the Federation of Diet members for ILC. In 2008, expanded into “Joint Federation” including LDP, DPJ, New Komeito, … Aims to promote accelerator R&D and Japanese bid for ILC if supported by global society

Core Members of the Federation + AAA Directorates

Annual Symposium jointly hosted by AAA + Federation (Dec 15, 2011) Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda was a speaker. January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 16 LDP Election Promises As a result of the general elections on December 15, 2012, the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan took over control. Their election promises mention the ILC twice.

J-ファイル 2012 総合政策集 http://www.jimin.jp/policy/pamphlet/ “... strongly promote important areas of “In order for our country to become a science and technology as a national central core in gaining the brains of the strategy so that Japan can play a leading world, it is indispensable to create an role in creating global centers of science international research network which and technology including the ILC … can attract top-level researchers, … through cooperation between industry and playing a central role in creating global science.” centers for scientific and technological innovations such as the ILC …” January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 17 Japan Policy Council ; Business

Japan Policy Council: experts in policy making, Hiroya Masuda, economics, labor, or sociology aiming to create a Chairman Professor at The grand design of Japan for the next decade. University of Tokyo, http://www.policycouncil.jp/ former Minister of MIC, and former Governor of Recommendations: “Creation of Global Cities by hosting the ILC” (Jul 2012)

“Japan should revitalize its provincial cities to revitalize Japan itself…”

“… explore ‘Domestic Globalization’ taking advantage of the opportunity of Japan’s possible bid to host the International Linear Collider…”

Business communities in support of ILC:

Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry Japan Association of Corporate Executives

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 18 Candidate Sites

Kitakami site in Tohoku region • Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures + all Tohoku area – Local governments officially proposed ILC as a core project for the disaster recovery effort. Kitakami� • Tohoku University • Tohoku Economic Federation

Sefuri site in Kyushu region Sefuri� • Saga and Fukuoka Prefectures – Expanded efforts in all Kyushu, and Yamaguchi, Okinawa • Kyushu�University and Saga University • Kyushu Economic Federation

Japanese government approved supplementary budget for geological survey for ILC (Dec. 2011) (This is in addition to R&D grants.)

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 19 Media Coverage Sefuri Kitakami

13/01/15 - MSN GDE visit to Japanese candidate sites (January 17-18, 2012) were nationally broadcasted as a five-minute segment on NHK TV morning news, reaching an estimated 30 million homes.

次世代加速器ＩＬＣ、宇宙・物質の謎に挑む 国内 候補地今夏決定へ 2013.1.1 07:00

宇宙誕⽣の謎に迫る素粒⼦物理学の壮⼤な実験施設の構想が進んでいる。⽇⽶欧などが⽬指す 次世代加速器「国際リニアコライダー」（ILC）計画だ。建設地は⽇本が最も有⼒で、今夏に国 内候補地が決まり誘致が本格化する。物理学に⾰命を起こすノーベル賞級の発⾒が⽇本で実現す る期待が⾼まっている。（草下健夫、⿊⽥悠希）

物質の根源を探る素粒⼦物理学で昨年7⽉、歴史的な⼤発⾒があった。すべての物質に質量 （重さ）を与える「ヒッグス粒⼦」とみられる新粒⼦が、スイス・ジュネーブ郊外にある欧州合 同原⼦核研究所（CERN）の⼤型ハドロン衝突型加速器（LHC）で⾒つかったのだ。 ILC was featured on Jan. 1, 2013 on ヒッグス粒⼦は、素粒⼦の基本法則である「標準理論」で存在が予⾔されながら唯⼀、未確認 national newspapers. Frequency of media だった“最後の粒⼦”。来⽉にも発⾒が確定すればノーベル賞の受賞は間違いない。 coverage is growing. しかし、素粒⼦の探究はこれで終わりではない。実は宇宙を構成する物質のうち、⼈類が標準 January理論で解 明15,で き2013たの は全体のわずか4%だけ。23%を占めるTomohiko「暗⿊物質 Tanabe」や73% (の[email protected]「暗⿊エネル ) 20 ギー」は、いまだに正体不明だ。

ヒッグス粒⼦の「その先」をにらみ、標準理論の枠を超えた物理学の新時代を切り開いてい く-。それがILC計画の狙いだ。

「知の地平を開く」

ILCは東京-横浜間に匹敵する全⻑約30キロの巨⼤な直線形（リニア）の加速器。地下約100メ ートルにトンネルを掘り、ほぼ光速に加速させた電⼦と陽電⼦を正⾯衝突させる。そのときの温 度は、宇宙誕⽣のビッグバン直後に相当する約1京度（京は1兆の1万倍）。初期宇宙を再現する ことで未知の素粒⼦を作り出す。

円形のLHCがヒッグス粒⼦の検出に適しているのに対し、ILCはその性質解明に威⼒を発揮す る。ヒッグス粒⼦の性質が詳しく分かれば、標準理論を超えた新たな物理法則が⾒えてくる可能 性が⾼い。

特に注⽬されるのは暗⿊物質の有⼒候補である「超対称性粒⼦」の発⾒だ。LHCで⾒つかった 新粒⼦の質量はヒッグス粒⼦の理論値より軽いため、研究者の多くは背後に超対称性粒⼦が潜ん でいるとみる。さらに暗⿊エネルギーの⼿掛かりが得られる可能性もあり、⼤発⾒が続きそう だ。

ILC計画の実現を⽬指す⼭下了（さとる）東⼤准教授は「⼈類が宇宙の謎を解明し、新たな知 の地平を切り開く原動⼒になる」と研究の意義を強調する。 sankei.jp.msn.com/science/print/130101/scn13010107010000-c.htm 1/3 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 NOW�

LHC physics 1st Ecm range Global efforts Re- Accelerator Baseline Ref. Design TDP-1 TDP-2 baseline� TDR DBD Detector R&D � LoI Domestic efforts in Japan Political 1st Federation Joint Federation by all parties Industrial / Financial LC Forum Japan Advanced Accelerator Association Academic JAHEP Science Council SuperKEKB JAHEP Roadmap Large Project Approved Future Plan Master Plan Earthquake Site / Regional Formation of 2 candidate JSCE 2nd activity local groups sites Government budget for ILC geological survey January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 21 Summary

• There are ongoing efforts in Japan to realize the ILC as a global project.

• Japan has long been looking to become host to a truly global project and is making preparations to bid for the ILC provided that support from the global community is available.

• The output from the European Strategy and the Snowmass Process is of utmost importance to move the project onto the next stage.

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 22 Extra Slides RDR SB2009 • Single Tunnel for main linac • Move positron source to end of linac *** • Reduce number of bunches factor of two (lower power) ** • Reduce size of damping rings (3.2km) • Integrate central region

Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 24 ILC Accelerator R&D

SCRF Cavity Yields ATF Emittance C.Ginsburg & GDE Cavity DB team

Normalized Emittance Target achieved at ATF = 20 nm (Vertical) Yields satisyfing ILC specifications April 2012: ~80% (world average)  TDR target: 90%

Main R&D for ILC accelerator nearing completion ILC technology ready in 2013

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 25 ILC Staging Strategy

• ILC can gradually increase the CM energy by extending the Main Linac – Cost does not scale linearly due to facilities such as Damping Rings

• Physics determines the target energy: 250, 350, 500 GeV  1 TeV – Perform energy scans in-between, focus if we find something new TDR parameters

ECM (GeV) 250 350 500 1000 Luminosity (1034 cm-2 s-1) 0.75 1.0 1.8 4.9 Integrated Luminosity (fb-1) 250 350 500 1000 Number of days * 385 405 322 233 *assuming continuous operation at peak luminosity

Luminosity can be doubled by increasing the number of bunches per train (1300 à 2600)

Also expect improvement in Damping Rings & Beam Delivery in the future January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 26 LC Detector R&D

Return Yoke • Vertex Detector: pixel detectors & low HCAL material budget ECAL Coil • Tracker: low material budget TPC Forward components ETD • Calorimeters: high granularity sensors Beam line SET Sensor Size LC ATLAS Ratio

2 2 Vertex 5×5 mm 400×50 mm x800 VTX SIT 2 2 Tracker 1×6 mm 13 mm x2.2 FTD ECAL 5×5 mm2 (Si) 39×39 mm2 x61

~15 m

Particle Flow Algorithm Separate calorimeter clusters at particle level à use best energy measurement for each particle. à offers unprecedented jet energy resolution Charged Tracks  Tracker Photons  ECAL Neutral Hadrons  HCAL

January 15, 2013 Tomohiko Tanabe ([email protected]) 27