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VETERINARY LABORATORIES KAW STATION KANSAS CITY 18, KANSAS THE SPECULUM Official publication of The Ohio State University Veterinary College, Columbus, Ohio

Volume V SPRING, 1952 Number 3

FACULTY ADVISORY BOARD DR. W. R. KRILL, DR. R. E. REBRASSIER, DR. W. G. VENZKE, DR. H. M. MAUGER, JR. (Ch.)

STAFF MELVIN E. DOERR Managing Editor BOB WHITETJS Associate Editor JAMES ROSENBERGER Editor MARVIN E. MAXEON Associate Editor ROBERT A. RICE Business Manager JOSEPH N. THEYERL Circulation Manager

ASSOCIATES Stanley Tschantz, Ward Winkler, Waldo erick Sattler, Russell Stryffeler, Dick Burns, Keller, James Spurgeon, John Toth, Walter I). B. Gisler, Jack Bennett, Allen Craig, For- Culbertson, Karl Grady, Thomas Follis, Fred- rest Oliver.

THE OHIO STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION By J. T. BURRISS, President It perhaps is only fair to intimate ably over the years and our State As­ that progress and earned position of sociation has contributed materially in any profession results primarily from this respect. Unfortunately, we have the coordinated thinking and efforts of had and perhaps will have a compara­ the vast.majority of the members par­ tively few men in our profession who ticipating in any specific profession. In retard progress and create embarrass­ my honest opinion, the progress and ment to the profession due to selfish tac­ status of our profession today has defi­ tics but name me one profession which nitely and honestly earned its position is not confronted with the some minor­ through the above procedure. By similar ity problem. This factor cannot be a comparison, we should never become source of total discouragement in any self-satisfied with our position at any progressive profession. Our State Asso­ time but work together in an endeavor ciation in Ohio enjoys as high a percent­ to continuously encourage further prog­ age membership as any veterinary ress. medical association in the nation, with The Ohio State Veterinary Medical proper correlation of the total number Association has been a most important of veterinarians in a given state. Our factor in our professional progress, not percentage membership perhaps is only in Ohio but in the nation. Not to higher than many of the basic profes­ be strictly sentimental but my hat is sions in several states. Although this off to those men in our profession who membership situation is favorable, it sixty-eight years ago, anticipated the does not intimate that there are not virtue of coordinating the thinking and many veterinarians in Ohio who could efforts of the members of our profession contribute much to the efforts of our at the state level in organizing the Ohio profession and association, through State Veterinary Medical Association. their becoming members of the Ohio With every due respect, our field of serv­ State Veterinary Medical Association. ice in those days perhaps was not Needless to say, we do sincerely solicit classed among the more popular profes­ your consideration in applying for sions. The status has changed consider­ (Continued on Page 39) SPECULUM

ACROSS THE DEAN'S DESK WALTER R. KRILL

Another school year is coming to a close and a new group of veterinary graduates are about to start their pro­ fessional career. Most of us can still re­ call the mental unrest which we experi­ enced that last quarter in school; won­ dering if the right selection as to loca­ tion has been made or for assuming a salaried position, whether it might have been better to go into practice. For some of us who graduated during the depres­ sion years, there just wasn't any choice as there is today and no chance to shop around. With all these weighty prob­ ter century. In all that time and I have lems, these embryo veterinarians, still been told for many years prior to that, have certain academic requirements to the constant fear has been that we are fulfill and state board examinations to training too many veterinarians and pass before reaching complete embry­ there are those who are always worry­ onic maturity, so that they can enter ing as to what is to become of all the the profession as full fledged veteri­ students being graduated. Even during narians. The transition from the shel­ the twenties when we scarcely had tered college atmosphere to the business enough students to justify keeping the (and I use the term business advisedly) then existing veterinary schools in op­ of serving the public in a professional eration, there were those who predicted capacity is a big step in the lives of that our veterinary profession was these young men. Lets all extend them doomed, and discouraged young men the brotherly hand of fellowship and from entering the profession. And yet receive them in a true professional in spite of all these dire forebodings, spirit. the veterinary profession has continued So frequently I have veterinarians to grow and we are still trying to catch ask me, "what is to become of all these up with the demands for veterinary veterinarians that are being graduated service. from colleges these days?" I can only True, this year the veterinary schools answer that they all seem to be finding of the United States will be graduating themselves a niche in the profession about 740 veterinarians and about an someplace and within a few weeks fol­ equal number each subsequent year. lowing each graduation, it is almost im­ However, we must not regard this as possible to find any one interested in an actual annual numerical increase in the many job openings coming to our the veterinary population in the coun­ desk, which should only be filled by vet­ try. There is a rather constant attri­ terinarians. Including my years in col­ tion due to death, retirement, and mem­ lege, I have been connected with vet­ bers leaving the profession which must erinary education for more than a quar­ (Continued on Page A2) SPRING, 1952

ANTIBIOTIC INHALATION THERAPY E. J. CATCOTT, D.V.M., Department of Small Animal Medicine The treatment of tracheal and bron­ It has seemed reasonable to anticipate chial infections of dogs is occasionally increased effects from the anti-ineffec­ unsatisfactory. This judgment of both tive therapy of respiratory infections the veterinarian and the dog's owner is if the medicinal agent could be distri­ usually based upon the persistence of buted topically as well as systemically. cough. The symptom, cough, is often The prospect of exposing dogs to nebu­ the principal evidence of disease of the lized spray antibiotics has been attrac­ respiratory tract. It is promptly ob­ tive to veterinarians who have been served by dog owners and is usually disappointed in their efforts to treat responsible for their alarm or incon­ the cases described. The use of anti­ venience. Cough is also capable of pro­ biotic aerosols has recently described ducing unusual distress of the involved and encouraged by several veterinary dog. authors. The specific origin for disease of the During the past year the canine canine respiratory tract that is char­ patients at the Ohio State University acterized chiefly by a cough is frequent­ Veterinary Clinic that were hospitalized ly elusive. The history of the onset, the because of infections that were ap­ age of the dog, and the absence of or­ parently localized in the respiratory ganic disease has often indicated, how­ tract have been treated with antibiotic ever, that an infectious cause exists. aerosols. An oxygen cage that is dis­ This situation is illustrated clinically by tributed by the Professional Oxygen the occurrence of a constant, non-pro­ Service of Miami, Florida, was obtained ductive cough that develops in a two or for this purpose. Compressed oxygen three year old animal after being con­ has been used as the pressure source fined with a group of dogs. The absence with which to obtain nebulization of the of exudation, fever, leukocytosis and antibiotic solution. symptoms of disease other than cough, As Asthma-Nephrin plastic nebulizer indicate the existence of a localized is introduced into the apropriate cage respiratory infection that is most likely opening and the antibiotic aerosol is viral in origin. blown into the cage after flowing oxygen The failure of systemic anti-infective through the nebulizer. The nebulizer therapy to control such infections has used at our hospital has a liquid ca­ caused many veterinarians to rely upon pacity of 10 cc. When oxygen flow is symptomatic treatment of the promi­ established at 15-20 pounds of pressure, nent sign, cough. It seems entirely a visible mist is maintained for about reasonable that cough can be treated ten minutes. It is usually necessary to symptomatically in such cases since only cool the oxygen cage with ice during exacerbation of the pathology will occur the treatment period. if cough isn't depressed. It is certain Penicillin and streptomycin have that compelte confinement of the in­ been combined in an aqueous solution volved dog and the use of cough de­ for the treatments provided to date. pressants as needed is properly a part From 1-200,000 units of crystalline of the treatment regimen of such clini­ penicillin and V2 gram streptomycin are cal entities as "kennel cough." (Continued on Page UU) SPECULUM

FELINE PNEUMONITIS PRANK L. DOCTON, D.V.M., Department of Veterinary Pathology

INTRODUCTION ity to develop in the yolk sacs of chick In 1942,1 Baker described a condition embryos and in the lungs of mice. The in cats which undoubtedly has existed agent is Gram positive, retaining the for a considerable length of time but has crystal violet in the routine Gram stain escaped description as a specific entity. if the time of decolorization is limited More recently, speaking before the to only a few seconds. Like other mem­ Small Animal Hospital Association dur­ bers of its group, this agent produces 3 elementary bodies which Hamre, et al ing the 1951 meeting at Atlantic City, 13 he further elucidated on this disease. (1947) described as being composed of He denned it as a highly infectious de­ at least two components. One is a cen­ bilitating disease of cats of all ages t al mass of high density having a com­ pletely folded and convoluted surface. characterized by sneezing and coughing r and accompanied by muco-purulent dis­ ihe other component, located on the charges from the eyes and nose. periphery of the elementary bodies, is less dense and has the appearance of a Geographical Distribution : containing membrane. The average size There are relatively few reports in was 423 m in diameter and 161 m high. the literature establishing the geo­ The infectivity of purified feline pneu­ graphical distribution of feline pneu­ monitis remains unchanged for at least monitis. (New York,2 New Jersey,- 24 hours at 0°C. At 37°C the half-life Calofirnia.0) However, its occurrence in of the purified virus is 90 minutes as Ohio as a clinical entity, as evidenced by compared to 12 hours for the agent in cases received at the Veterinary Clinic, intact chick embryos in which it is be­ is unquestionable. lieved virus reproduction has ceased. The Etiologic Agent: Infectivity remains unaltered at ph 6.5 to 7.5 and was rapidly destroyed outside Shortly after the initial isolation of 113 the causative virus from the lungs of this range. Furthermore, this agent cats suffering from pneumonia, the produces a potent toxin that causes symptoms out of proportion to the ex­ eiologic agent of this condition was rec­ tent of lesions (Baker). ognized as a typical member of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group of Transmission by cat to cat contact is ? viruses. (Baker 1944, Hamre and Rake easily accomplished. Animals injected 5 7 1944) . Hilleman (1945) and St. John intracerebrally and intraperitoneally n and Gordan (1947) showed by serum were devoid of external signs of the neutralization tests, and Hamre and disease but the agent was shown to be Rake (1944) •' and Manire and Meyer present in these animals by brain and 8 (1950) by toxin neutralization tests, spleen emulsions inoculated intranasally that the agent of feline pneumonitis is in mice.3 a distinct entity. It is different from other members of the group. However, Clinical Signs and Incubation Period: it shares with the psittacosis-lympho­ In older animals the incubation period granuloma organisms, the ability to (artificially produced disease) appears elicit a complement fixing antibody to be 5 days.4. The clinical signs of hy­ (Thomas and Kolb, 1943)12 and the abil­ perthermia to 105°, lacrimation, rhini­ SPRING, 1952 tis, shivering, photophobia, and purulent sal turbinates are found to be swollen conjunctivitis being noticed. Anorexia and injected with a purulent exudate in accompanied by weight-loss occurs early the paranasal sinuses. There is often a in the disease. Most of these animals thick, tenacious mucus exudate in the achieve a clinical recovery in 30 days trachea accompanied by edema of the and some spontaneously recover without mucosa. The anatomical changes which treatment in two weeks. In younger accompany the clinical findings of con­ cats, not exceeding 2*/k pounds in junctivitis, rhinitis, tracheitis, and weight, the incubation period was found bronchitis are in evidence.4 to be 3 days (experimentally produced Microscopic Changes: disease) with signs of vomiting and Microscopic examination of the tis­ rhinitis, frequent sneezing and cough­ sues reveals bronchitis with the bron­ ing, and pneumonia. The disease is to chioles filled with desquamated epithe­ be considered more serious in young cats lial cells and numerous mononuclear from the standpoint of prognosis, since leukocytes. Focal interstitial and peri­ the mortality rate, as opposed to older bronchial pneumonia are common find­ animals, is much higher. Our clinical ings. findings, as opposed to laboratory re­ ports, is that the mortality rate is low Host Range: in all ages of cats. Baker has transmitted the feline pneumonitis virus to mice by intranasal An interesting leukocyte-temperature inoculation and caused complete consoli­ relationship was in evidence in three dation of the lungs and death after 2 clinically diagnosed cats of feline pneu­ or 3 days. It was also easily transferred monitis received at The Ohio State Uni­ to the yolk sac of developing hen's eggs. versity Veterinary Clinic. In each case Guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, and the total white cell count was highest monkeys are susceptible3 and Blake, during the periods of hyperthermia and Howard, and Tatlock have reported si­ did not decrease until the temperature dropped. In these cats, which made clin­ multaneous primary atypical pneumonia ical recoveries, the leukocyte count never in 4 members of a human family and 11 of their cats on a farm in Connecti­ exceeded 30 to 60 thousands. Following 4 this peak of leukocytosis a reduction of cut. The evidence obtained strongly body temperature was accompanied by suggests but does not establish the fact a numerical decrease in leukocytes. In that the respiratory infections in the a few days the temperature returned to members of the family may have been normal. This relationship suggests the caused by the same agent. possibility that animals which are suf­ Immunity: fering with feline pneumonitis may be As previously stated, animals inocu­ prognosed by a careful periodic obser­ lated parenterally with active virus do vation of the white blood cell count. not manifest signs of the disease. Such Treatment did not affect this correla­ a procedure, however, has been found tion. incapable of completely immunizing the individual against intranasal instilla­ Gross Pathology: tion of virus. Baker states that it is The lesions seen on necropsy consist doubtful if any immunizing procedure of various degrees of consolidation of would provide a permanent immunity the anterior and occasionally the dia­ since this is a type of infection in which phragmatic lobes of the lungs. The na­ (Continued on Page 51) SPECULUM

SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY By C. L. BLAKELY, V.M.D., Director of Surgery AngeW Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston, Mass. Dr. Blakely gave a discussion of a ear canal with 3% aureomycin oint­ variety of surgical conditions encoun­ ment. Improvement is always very tered in the practice of the Angell rapid and very pronounced in such in­ Memorial Animal Hospital. He spoke stances, although complete lasting re­ from notes and his remarks were il­ covery is not always achieved. Follow­ lustrated by colored slides. Among ing such treatment the patient has no the subjects which he discussed, with recollection of having been injured and a resume of his remarks, were the fol­ the client is more than willing to put up lowing. with the slight added inconvenience and Examination and prepartion of the expense rather than have his patient ear in otitis. Chronic external otitis is put through the suffering of the usual among the most painful conditions from type of ear treatment. which dogs suffer. Because of the Tracheal intubation. One of the big anatomy of the ear canal and because hazards of general anesthesia, especially the condition is so painful, examination anesthesia with injectable bariturates, and cleansing of the ear as frequently is the frequency with which anoxia is practiced is not only ineffective, but an encountered. This is due to relaxation ordeal for the patient to endure and for of the soft structures of the throat, the client to witness. This procedure especially in the bull dog types, and can can best be carried out under a light be a major complication. The use of general anesthesia such as pentothal. endotracheal catheters will overcome With the dog anesthetized, a suitable this difficulty, and in our practice the otoscope will enable the doctor to vis­ majority of anesthetic patients are ualize the ear canal completely. Exudate intubated. and debris which is in the horizontal For this purpose we employ poly­ portion of the canal against the tym­ theylene medical tubing. This can be panum can best be removed by the use obtained through most surgical supply of a suitable detergent such as Phisohex houses. It is translucent plastic with and water. This is injected into the ear considerable rigidity and can be pur­ canal and the ear is massaged thorough­ chased in an infinite number of sizes ly. With suction, the ear can be cleansed and is usually sold in coils of ten or with an efficiency which can never be more feet. This tubing is cut up into attained by the use of swabs. A simple suitable lengths and is stored in a cold apparatus for providing suction is the antiseptic, usually of one of the quar­ ordinary laboratory syphon which is at­ ternary ammonium compounds. tached to the cold water faucet. At the first indication that there may If on further inspection there is still be difficulty in breathing, a tube of a debris present, it may be dislodged by size which will permit introduction into a small loop of wire of the type used the patient's trachea is chosen. With a in a tonsil snare. This method has been little practice, this tube can be placed suggested by Dr. Armistead of Texas over the epiglottis and into the larynx A and M. Following cleansing of the with little difficulty. It should pass down ear, it has been our practice to fill the the trachea for a distance of two or SPRING, 1952 three inches. By providing a clear, un­ marily a medical disease, it does have obstructed airway the patient is afford­ some surgical aspects which prompt us ed immediate relief. When necessary, to discuss it at this time. In our experi­ oxygen may be administered through ence, the Vincent's spirochete seems to this tube; and artificial respiration, as behave as an anaerobe. In any event, employed in thoracic surgery, may also the disease thrives in the presence of be carried out. We have found the plas­ necrotic tissue and exudate, and by the tic tube to be less irritating than rubber same token careful debridement is the which we formerly used. most important single step leading to Uvulotomy . . . (resection of the soft recovery. A case is illustrated in which palate). This operation is occasionally not only the gums but also the lips were indicated in certain brachycephalic involved with gross ulceration and loss breeds of dog. Although a dog does not of tissue. Treatment consisted of plac­ have a true uvula, in some breeds the ing the dog under pentothal anesthesia soft palate is disproportionately en­ and actually scrubbing the lesions with larged and thickened and may actually either coarse gauze or a soft brush and be aspirated into the larynx. The palate a detergent. In this manner the lesions may become so hypertrophied that in are quickly and completely cleansed. effect a sort of uvula is formed. Advo­ Simultaneously Vitamin B extract and cates of surgery have usually recom­ penicillin are administered parenterally. Recovery is frequently amazingly rapid; mended that following resection of the less than two weeks. soft palate, the posterior margin of the palate should be sutured. While this is In our experience it is not possible to undoubtedly true in some instances, we debride or give local treatment to the have found that the majority of these mouth properly without general anes­ removals may be done with safety em­ thesia. As with otitis, the condition is ploying a tonsil snare. a painful one and attempts to treat a The operator should plan to remove patient without anesthesia will be in­ enough of the soft palate so that the efficient and will only result in a re­ epiglottis touches the remaining por­ sentful uncooperative dog and a dis­ tion of the palate, but not much more tressed, unhappy owner. than this. The free border of the palate Empyema. A case of empyema due is grasped by forceps and drawn to a spirochetal infection in which there through the loop in the opened tonsil was a chronic pleurisy and a tremen­ snare. When enough tissue is snared, dous amount of pleural exudate was the loop is gradually closed. The secret presented. Such cases are occasionally of success in this procedure is to take a encountered and it is relatively com­ little time in cutting off the section to be mon to aspirate the exudate from the removed. Four or five minutes will not pleural cavity. The purpose of discuss­ be too much time to consume. The op­ ing this subject is to emphasize that eration may be performed under pento­ such exudate may contain viable organ­ thal in most instances, although if more isms of a type which might be danger­ time is needed nembutal may be used. ous to man. We have seen two cases of Tracheal intubation in the manner pre­ tuberculosis in dogs which had been viously described is routinely practiced. unreconized and whose chests had been Fuso-spirochetal gingivitis (trench aspirated. Considerable care should be mouth). Although this is perhaps pri­ taken to collect this fluid carefully and 10 SPECULUM to dispose of it and to sterilize the low Vitamin E level in the diet. The utensils used in such a fashion that no condition has been encountered in cats risk to the operator or his assistants on several occasions. The case presented will be encountered. was an experimental cat which had been Arthroplasty. Chronic dislocation of fed on a diet consisting almost ex­ the patella is a relatively common con­ clusively of cooked fish. The reason for dition to encounter and one which gives describing the condition at this time is rise to a long standing troublesome that we have on a number of accasions lameness. The condition may be rough­ performed operations on cats (spaying) ly divided into congenital and acquired and found this same yellow fat present. dislocations. For the congenital lame­ The reason for the condition has been ness, we believe, at present, that re­ a mystery to us up until the time that moval of the patella, as advocated by yellow fat disease in mink was first Dr. Rudy, is probably the method of described. It may be that some prac­ choice. Some acute traumatic disloca­ titioners have had a similar experience. tions in patients whose conformation is Colopexy for the relief of prolapse of normal and who have never had trouble the rectum. This operation has been of this sort before may respond to less advocated by Dr. Leonard of Cornell radical surgery. We have had consider­ and by tohers as the procedure of choice able success in such instances by re­ for the relief of rectal prolapse. Our moving an eliptical section of fascia experience tends to confirm this obser­ lateral to the patella. In so doing, the vation. We have resorted to other strip should be wide enough so that methods, including the suturing of a when the margins of the wound are ap­ tube to the rectum for a few days—the proximated the patella should rest se­ tube acting as a sort of sprint. In other curely in the trochlea. If the patella cases amputation has been resorted to. has been grossly displaced, the joint Our practice at present is to fix the capsule may be stretched and distended. colon or the rectum to the belly wall. In such instances a section of capsule A low, median incision is performed may also be removed. If the condition about two or three inches in length. The has persisted for any length of time, terminal colon is grasped and sufficient there may be some shortening of the traction is exerted upon it to reduce the fascia on the medial side of the patella. prolapse. A suture is then started in If this is encountered, the medial fascia the posterior angle of the wound, pass­ may be incised, but not sutured. We ing through the rectus sheath and do not believe that simple incision of muscle and peritoneum on one side of the medial fascia is ever effective in the the wound. A needle is then introduced relief of dislocation of the patella, nor into the wall of the colon until a good do we feel that the opertaion which we firm purchase is attained in the sub have just described will give permanent mucous layer of the gut. The needle is relief in congenital dislocations, espe­ then passed to the opposite side of the cially those encountered in the bow­ laparotomy wound, going through the legged type of dog. peritoneum, muscle and rectus sheath Yellow fat disease. Yellow fat disease in the order named. The suture is then has been described in mink and in pigs, tied. While this suture is being placed, and apparently is due, in mink at least, considerable traction is exerted upon to a high intake of fish, together with a the colon. When the suture is com­ SPRING, 1952 11 pleted and tied, the colon will be found top. When the skin edges are approxi­ to be firmly anchored in position and mated it will be found that the folds of the prolapse is effectively reduced. skin which formerly concealed the Three or four more sutures are placed vulva have been eliminated and that the in a similar fashion, securing the colon vulva is now elevated and exposed in to the belly wall at the site of the lapa­ such a fashion that further difficulty is rotomy incision. The subcutaneous invariably eliminated. tissue and skin are then closed in the Episiotomy. Prolapse of the mucous usual manner. membranes of the floor of the vagina is The observation has been made that sometimes seen in connection with on subsequent operations the colon may estrus. At times the very volume of inadvertently be opened; also some men tissue passed, together with the broad have indicated that such patients may case from which the mass originates, have constipation as a sequela. We can may make amputation and ligation a appreciate the dangers of entering the considerable problem. Inorder to pro­ gut on subsequent surgery, but if the vide a better exposure of the floor of client is aware of what has happened the vagina, we frequently perform a and warns other veterinarians of such temporary episiotomy. This is done by a possibility occurring, it should be an inserting two clamps in the vagina side easy danger to avoid. We have not en­ by side with one blade in the vaginal countered constipation in the patients canal and one blade on the outside. The that we have operated upon. A similar ends of the blades reach nearly to the procedure has been employed in pro­ anus. An incision is made in the vaginal lapse of the uterus with equally good wall betwen the two clamps and the results. wound margins are retracted to either Episioplasty. It is not uncommon to side. It now becomes relatively simple encounter perivulvar eczema or derma­ to amputate the prolapsed mass of titis in spayed female dogs, especially mucous membrane and to suture the those which have been allowed to be­ resultant wound in such a fashion that come exessively fat. In such patients hemorrhage is well controlled. Such an the vulva is atrophied, retracted, and exposure would also be useful in cases many times so surrounded by fat and of vaginal tumors or other lesions re­ rolls of skin as to be virtually invisible. quiring exposure of the canal. Follow­ Under such conditions the genital ing correction of the intra-vaginal region is soiled by urine and by the ac­ lesion, the clamps are then brought to­ cumulation of local secretions so that gether again and the episiotomy is ultimately a moist anaerobic site is pre­ closed in three layers: a continuous row sented which may be the site of an ex­ of sutures under the mucous membrane tremley uncomfortable dermatitis. Al­ of the vagina, a few interrupter sutures in the muscular wall of the vagina, and though medical treatment is helpful in a subcuticular row closing the skin. such cases, surgery has given the only hope of a lasting cure. Occasionally dyspareunia is encount­ The removal of a "U" shaped strip of ered in breeding dogs when the size of skin extending from one side over the the external vulva orifice is too small to dorsal commissure and down the other permit successful breeding. Lay breed­ side of the vulva is the procedure. This ers have resolved to the practice of fold of skin should be fairly wide at the (Continued on Page 57) 12 SPECULUM

TECHNIQUES USED IN FELINE PRACTICE CARL CLARK, D.V.M., Department of Veterinary Physiology 1. Catheterization for urine samples. and carefully worked toward the blad­ 2. Treatment of urethrolithiasis. der. When turns in the urethra are 3. The passage and use of a stomach encountered rotation of the catheter tube. will usually overcome this difficulty. A One difficulty in the diagnosis of little mineral oil wiped on the catheter urinary diseases in cats is the inability will facilitate its passage. The with­ to obtain urine samples. While this drawal of urine can be greately experi­ problem has not been completely solved, ated by attaching a syringe to the cathe­ we herein present three methods for ter and applying a small amount of obtaining urine samples in cats. These suction. are catheterization, manual pressure, CYSTOCLYSIS and cystoclysis. Occasionally when the previous two MANUAL PRESSURE methods have failed for some reason, Probably the simplies technique is to direct puncture of the bladder with a 20 gauge hypodermic needle can be apply manual pressure to the bladder. made. The technique consists of pal­ This can be accomplished by grasping pating the bladder, disinfecting the ab­ the bladder in the cupped hand and dominal wall, and finally insertion of pressing it against the vertebral column. the needle. This procedure is contrain­ If this pressure on the bladder is main­ dicted in urethrolithiasis where the tained for a period of one to two min­ bladder has been over distended and utes, the micturation reflex will usually lost its tone. We have used cystoclysis be stimulated. It is important to re­ in many cats without any apparent de­ member that one is trying to initiate the leterious effects micturation reflex and not trying to squeeze the urine directly from the URETHROLITHIASIS bladder. Vigorous pressure applied to Without going into a detailed discus­ the bladder for short periods will not sion of urethrolithiasis in cats, we will initiate the micturation reflex and fail­ briefly describe some techniques for ure to obtain urine will usually result. handling this condition. This disease Long continued pressure is the essence in cats has certain peculiarities that of success. differentiate it from urethrolithiasis in CATHETERIZATION other animals. For one thing, English A second technique that is highly ef­ workers have noted that if the bladder fective in males for the collection of is emptied by cystoclysis the cat may urine is the use of a catheter. We use thereafter urinate normally. In these a Bard No. 3 or 4 human ureteral cathe­ cases no attempt was made to remove ter for this purpose. The technique used the mineral deposits. We may theorize is as follows: from this that in cats urine retention The assistant immobilizes the legs may, to a large extent, be due to a ure­ and holds the animal on its back. The thral spasm rather than a blockage of operator then exposes the penis by the urethra by stones. With this thought pressing the sheath toward the rectum. in mind we have attempted to treat this The catheter is inserted into the urethra condition with antispasmodic drugs SPRING, 1952 13 such as Octin in 14 to 1/2 cc. dose. The cous membrane. An assistant holds the results so far have been encouraging cat on its side by grasping the front and although only a few cases have been hind legs. The operator holds the cat's treated. After the drug has been ad­ head with one hand and passes the ministered, the animal is placed back stomach tube through the ventral meat­ in the cage. us with the other. If the stomach tube If micturation does not occur in one is curved so that it tends to point down hour gentle pressure can be applied in towards the pharynx, it helps in the an attempt to evacuate the bladder. passing of the tube. After completing After several hours have passed, a sec­ the passage of the tube, the cat is al­ ond injection of 1/4 cc. may be of some lowed to stand. The tube is very seldom help. If the above fails, the following bothered by the cat. A 20 gauge needle technique for passing a catheter can be is placed in the end of the stomach tube resorted to. We usually use a 20 gauge and the injection of nutrient solutions needle with the end carefully smoother can be accomplished by attaching a over. To this is attached a syringe filled syringe to this needle. with water. As the needle is inserted One nutrient solution that can be used into the urethra, the water is injected is a mixture of protolysate, a source of into it forcing the mineral deposits back amino acids, and glucose dissolved in into the bladder. The contents of the meat broth. One of the advantages of bladder are then evacuated successfully. this solution is that it can be directly STOMACH TUBE absorbed without further digestion. In many severe diseases of cats it is In order to calculate the amount of necessary to supply a high plane of nu­ nutrients necessary for one day's main­ trition in order to maintain the animal's tenance, it is assumed that the average body weight and strength. This can be cat requires 40 calories of energy per done by either the oral or parenta day per pound of body weight. Thus a routes of administration. In the ab­ 10 pound cat would require 400 calories sence of vomiting and diarrhea, the oral per day. Using the figures of 4 calories administrations of food has most of the for each gram of carbohydrate and pro­ advantages. Nutrients given orally are tein and 9 calories for each gram of fat, less expensive than those given par­ we can arrive at a maintenance ration. enterally. Also, parental solutions in or­ The ration is usually divided up into der to be fully effective must be infused 16% protein, 50% carbohydrate, and over a 6-8 hour period each day. The 34% fat. Knowing the above facts the oral administration of food once or total amounts of carbohydrate protein twice a day is sufficient to maintain a and fat to be given each day can be cat in health indefinitely. quickly computed. For instance in pro­ At The Ohio State University Clinic tein we take 16% of the total calories a stomach tube has been used with great per day or 400. This gives us a figure success in the administration of foods of 64. That is, this particular cat re­ to diseased cats. The stomach tube that quires 64 calories of protein per day. is used is a very small No. 5 human To convert this to grams we divide by 4 ureteral catheter. It is passed through the number of protein calories per the nose after the technique of Foren­ gram. From this we deduce that a 10 bacher. A few drops of 0.5% pontocaine pound cat needs 16 grams of protein per are used an anesthetize the nasal mu­ (Continued on Page 60) 14 SPECULUM

THE VETERINARIAN DAVID R. DELONG, Veterinary Medicine I "You have been told that life is dark­ We say that his learning only begins ness, and in your weariness you echo what in college for who can hope to conquer was said by the weary. And I say that life is indeed darkness in four short years more than the basic save when there is urge, fundamentals of a science. From the And all urge is blind save when there is point of view of a first year student knowledge, even this seems nothing less than a And all knowledge is vain save when tour de force. there is work, And all work is empty save when there In a broader sense, learning must in­ is love; clude a knowledge of people, a sense of And when you work with love you bind ability, of pride in service, and a hum­ yourself to yourself, and to one another, ble realization of privilege. A knowl­ and to God." -Kahlil Gibran edge of the science and techniques of A first year student of any science medicine, important as it is, must be who considers himself adequately dis­ accompanied by these other equally im­ posed to give an overall picture of his portant factors. None of these are in­ field of endeavor is either a fool or a herent—they are learned through day genius. It will be obvious as this paper to day experience. If one is willing he is read that I do not fall into the latter may learn something from every person category, and, of course, I shall try my and every animal with whom he comes very best not to endorse myself as a in contact. It is this type of a personal­ member of the former. ized education that not only molds a Since, then, I may not overstep my good practitioner but makes for a happy bounds in this embryonic stage, I shall life. endeavor to give an acknowledged pre­ We prefix the word "sound" to learn­ natal view of what should be, indeed ing. The connotation here is discern­ must be, in my estimation, the life the­ ment. In an era of advertising and sis of a veterinarian. experimentation, the necessity of a dis­ Let us consider four concepts, in a cerning mind is self evident. tenor, so to speak, distinct in their In my personal evaluation of the meaning, yet interrelated in their ap­ standards by which we live, the second plication so as to form, transcendent concept with which we shall be con­ above each individually, a basic philoso­ cerned is the most important criterion phy for living. of a worthwhile existence. Will Rodgers Because of its proximity we may start once said, "I never met a man I didn't with one I choose to term "sound learn­ like." This is a simple expression of an ing." The prime requisite of a veteri­ old philosophy, and, in essence, the narian must obviously be a thorough foundation of living for one who is to knowledge of the science. This begins devote his life to public service. Who and only begins in his college course. can deny the Aristotelian approach to Throughout his entire existence as a life in terms of pleasure and happiness practitioner, he must continue to study as the ultimate values? Yet, while he and learn, for only by this means is he was concerned with happiness in men­ able to advance step by step with science tal imagery, so to speak, we will take a and, thus, ably serve those who look to more realistic viewpoint. Happiness, it him for help. seems to me, can never be achieved SPRING, 1952 15 alone. Happiness must be found in re­ of the "horse doctor" era and all of its lations with other people. The greatest connotations. The veterinarian is no pleasure in life comes to those who can longer the "ninety day wonder" of some honestly feel that they have contributed four or five generations past, he is a day by day to the happiness of others. medical scientist. If so, then he must Further, this feeling can come if there make himself worthy of the distinction. exists a genuine indiscriminate love for In other words, if, when he weighs his people. values of life in terms of his profes­ The veterinarian works hard and he sional relations, he tends to put his works long. His night may be sleepless, thumb on the scale he should and shall his days unending—yet he has his re­ be treated as a fish merchant. If he wards—far above the material values weighs as a scientist should he stands gained. Each night he can see in retro­ a chance of attaining, at least person­ spect a day of value because he has been ally, the goal of the profession. able to contribute something, large or Integrity, personal justice, and pro­ small, to the lives of others. His life fessional ethics is each a necessary inte­ seems worthwhile if he finds a love for gral part of this intangible we label people. Further, a person in the profes­ honor. sion of Veterinary Medicine must ob­ Along with sound learning, love, and viously have a love for and an interest honor we must list as the fourth and in animals. Indeed, what a warped per­ final concept the term community. Psy­ sonality would result from a veterina­ chologically it is a moot question wheth­ rian who could not enjoy helping those er or not man is genetically gregarious, who are in many respects unable to help but it can not be denied that by habit themselves. As an aside, we might men­ and, in our culture, almost by necessity tion that a veterinarian can know in we do live in groups. It is further self most every case that he has given aid to evident that for a group to be main­ an individual which deserves his atten­ tained as an efficient, functional entity tion since hypochondriacs are limited to each individual must make a contribu­ a great degree to the Homo sapiens. tion above and beyond personal gain, to Let us consider next something which that society. In this light, the veteri­ probably should be thought of as con­ narian has a responsibility of no small structive rather than a concept since it consequence to his community. His is a embodies so many factors, and encases position of respect. He is able to be­ our every social interaction. Trite and come a leader in civic affairs and to overworked as it may seem to many, mold the quality of the group with yet, to me the word honor best expresses which he is associated. With the honor the ideal personal relationships between of a profession there attends this re­ the veterinarian and those to whom he sponsibility which must be shouldered. contributes his services; and, just as As I stated in the beginning I realize important, relationships among the men this is the view of a neophite. Neverthe­ within the profession. less, should I in succeeding years find We are striving to elevate the profes­ myself unable or unwilling to conform sion in the eyes of the public to its to the hypostasis contained herein and deserved position as a major entity of still remain in the profession, may I be community life. To accomplish this goal regarded as a person devoid of personal we must dig ourselves out of the rubble integrity and professional honor. 16 SPECULUM

BLOOD AND PLASMA BANK­ INTRAMEDULLARY TRANSFUSION L. E. GREEN, D.V.M., Akron Veterinary Hospital In the past many attempts have been the jugular vein is used since it does not made to collect and store whole blood collapse the vein. Methods for collec­ for use in our practice. We found it to tion with the vacuum bottle are the be a messy, time consuming procedure same except that the vacuum bottle is and were constantly discouraged with inverted and the blood collected with our results. Usually, the blood clotted the bottle in the inverted position. In in the tube or bottle, or if we were for­ most cases, about 750 cc of blood can be tunate enough to collect an adequate quickly collected from a 40 to 50 pound amount and keep it on hand, a small dog with one collection tube using the clot would plug up the needle during vacuum bottle. With the gravity bottle administration. Recently, we have used the same amount of blood can be col­ the method and material used by the lected but it takes a little longer and Red Cross and now standard in human two collection tubes are usually required hospitals. We obtain all materials from because the blood will clot in the tube Abbott Laboratories. The collection after about 400 cc have been collected. bottles are sterile, sealed, and contain The blood is stored betwen 37 and 42 a measured amount of Acid Citrate degrees F and can be safely kept for Dextrose solution, which in our experi­ about three weeks. The cells are re­ ence is a near perfect anticoagulant. suspended in the plasma by inverting Needless, collection tubes and admini­ the bottle about 15 times. This is pref­ stration tubes are also furnished. erable to a circular motion which leaves A quick and simple method of giving many cells remaining in the bottom of blood to cats and toy breeds is by using the container. The blood should be al­ a 30 or 50 cc syringe and we find heparin lowed to warm to room temperature be­ to be the best anticoagulant for this fore administration because there is a purpose. About 5 cc of heparin is drawn possibility of venospasm if the cold into the syringe and the plunger is blood is used. withdrawn so that the barrel is moist­ For administration a tube is supplied. ened with the solution. The heparin is It has a metal tip for insertion into the then returned to the vial and that which bottle, a plastic Murphy drip, and plas­ remains in the needle and barrel is suffi­ tic tube with needle adapter. Two filters cient to prevent coagulation of the are employed in the system. The large blood. The radial vein is used for veni­ holes in the tip stop large clots and the puncture and the syringe is filled with plastic insert in the Murphy drip will blood. The blood is then injected di­ retain any small clots. These filters are rectly into the radial vein of the re­ very efficient and I might say that we cipient. have never had the transfusion stop In collecting blood for the blood bank, because of a clot getting into the in­ two methods are used by us. The blood fusion needle. is collected from the heart into either a Blood can be given during the course vacuum or a non-vacuum bottle. The of infusion of any compatible solution puncture is made and the bottle filled by simply by hooking the blood tube to the gravity flow. This is preferably when air intake on the venoslysis outfit. The SPRING, 1952 17 blood flows in first while the level of cellular elements from the violent move­ solution stays the same. ment of the blood through the needle The blood is administered into the and into the bottle. This can and should radial vein through a 23 gauge %" be controlled by partially occluding the needle. In larger breeds a 20 gauge collection tube with a hemostat during needle is preferred. Most blood is ad­ the collection. The blod is stored at 37 ministered in this manner but in small to 42 degrees F. Four days storage at breeds, cats and puppies, the blood can this temperature destroys most bac­ be infused into the medullary canal of teria. Six days storage kills Brucella the femur. The technic is the same as organisms. Blood should be allowed to inserting an intramedulary pin. After warm to room temperature before use puncturing the cortex in the trochan­ to prevent venospasm which might stop teric fossa with an intramedullary pin or slow the infusion. For emergency use with a diameter slightly greater than the cold blood can be used by adding the infusion needle, the pin is removed .2% procaine to the blood. We have and a 16 gauge needle is inserted in the used the cold blod without the procaine hole. The needles have been in place and haven't experienced any difficulty several days and have been plugged as yet. Infusion is made with the blood with stilet and cotton. The cotton is re­ recipient set to prevent the possibility moved, the needle cleaned with a stilet, of any clot being introduced into the and the infusion tube hooked to the circulation or plugging the infusion needle. If occlusion occurs, the needle needle. A 20 to 23 gauge needle is pre­ can be removed, cleaned, sterilized and ferred by use for infusion. The intra­ replaced without further use of anth­ medullary canal offers an alternate site thesia. It requires a little more pres­ for infusion into small breeds, cats and sure than for venoclysis .but consider­ puppies. The response is almost identi­ able amounts of blood or fluid can be cal to intravenous administration. Other given in this manner, and the. animals solutions can be given along with the apparently do not mind the procedure blood and of course medicaments can be at all. The entire procedure of insert­ injected either into the tubing or into ing the nedle in the medullary canal the air intake on the bottle cap. Blood and administration of the blood can be that has not been used after three weeks done by the clinician without an as­ storage is further utilized by aspirating sistant. The pin and needle are insterted the plasma into a 2000 cc plasma bottle. under epidural anesthesia, the animal 250 cc of blood yields about 100 to 115 is returned to its cage and the blood cc of plasma. After settling in the allowed to flow at a rate of about 10 to plasma bottle the procedure of aspira­ 12 drops a minute. tion is repeated but this time into 250 cc plasma storage bottles. The plasma Briefly summarizing: We prefer the can be kept for years at 38 to 40 degrees 250 cc size pediatric collection bottle F or can be frozen and kept indefinitely. containing 60 cc ACD solution. The Those of you interested in starting a vacuum bottle makes the collection blood bank can get detailed information quicker and permits collection of sev­ and materials from your Abbott rep­ eral bottles of blood with one tube. The resentative. It is a simple procedure only disadvantages of the vacuum and whole blood and plasma have unlim­ method are that there is probably a ited possibilities in practice. little more hemolysis and destruction of 18 SPECULUM

THE PROBLEM OF POULTRY PARASITES IN DEEP AND BUILT-UP LITTER F. R. KOUTZ, D.V.M., M.Sc, Department of Veterinary Parasitology Floor litter in poultry houses has been Experiments were conducted over a used many years to absorb moisture and period of one year to determine the ef­ thus aid in the prevention of coccidiosis fect of built-up litter on coccidia and by keeping the floors dry and prevent­ other types of parasites and their ova; ing the sporulation of oocysts. Later that is, whether these parasitic forms the practice of using deep or built-up are destroyed by the action of the litter, litter developed and is now widely used whether they are attenuated, or whether to keep the floors dry and help to con­ there is no appreciable destruction of trol the spread of coccidiosis. With the the parasites. development of built-up litter came the Three experiments were conducted; treatment of the litter with hydrated the first starting in June, the second in lime in order to keep the floor litter dry. September, and the third in February. At the present time built-up litter has In each of the experiments there were been widely proclaimed by poultrymen ten individual groups each containing as the answer to many of their disease 30 day-old New Hampshire regular run problems, especially that of cecal cocci­ chicks. Five of the groups were used to diosis. Kennard and Chamberlain have test various types of built-up litter; five also recommended that hens can be groups were used as controls. reared on litter and later a new crop of The ten groups of baby chicks in the baby chicks reared on the same litter. first experiment were reared on the fol­ By the term built-up litter is meant lowing types of built-up litter or on con­ the continued rearing of successive trol litter or wire. The same feed groups of young chickens on the same formula from the same lot was fed to litter without any change. The original all groups. litter is started as a fresh litter, four or Pen 1: New built-up hen litter. (Nine five inches deep, of either corn cobs, months old) Pen. 2: Old built-up hen litter. Two years shavings, straw or other materials and old) left in the poultry house after the brood Pen 3: Built-up litter with lime on which is reared; another brood of baby chicks eleven consecutive broods of baby is started on the same litter. None of chicks had been reared. (Three the fecal material or litter is removed, years old) Pen. 4: Built-up litter without lime on but stirring is recommended if it cakes. which eleven consecutive broods of Some fresh litter may be added as need­ chicks had been reared. (Three ed. This litter and fecal material is years old) allowed to remain for each successive Pen 5: Built-up litter with lime on which fourteen consecutive broods of brood and none is removed until the chicks had been reared. (Pour years built-up litter becomes eight to twelve old) inches deep. The addition of hydrated Pen 6: Wire floor. (Control) lime to the built-up litter as needed, to Pen 7: Deep litter of fresh shavings, six aid in keeping it more friable, more ab­ inches deep. (Control) Pen 8: Thin litter of fresh shavings, shav­ sorbent, and less inclined to paste or ings changed if and when the litter cake over the surface, has become the became wet. (Control) standard practice of many poultrymen Pen 9: Thin litter of corn cobs. (Control) throughout the country. Pen 10: Chicks reared in a battery brooder. SPRING, 1952 19

(Control) These chicks reared in a reared in a battery brooder were free separate house at Reynoldsburg, of all parasites and averaged heavier Ohio, were used as normal controls to determine any disease or parasite weight gains than those of the other condition that might have been groups. The findings are shown in transmitted from the hatchery. Table 1. They were fed feed from the same "lot" as the other chicks in the ex­ The second experiment was conducted periment. in the same manner as the first. There These same pens were used through­ were ten individual groups each con­ out the experiments. The built-up litter taining 30-day-old New Hampshire in the first five pens was not changed for chicks. Five groups of the chicks were the other two experiments. The new reared on the same built-up litter used groups of baby chicks were placed on in Experiment 1. The five control pens the same built-up litter, after turning were thoroughly cleaned, disinfected, and stirring, as used in the previous and fresh new litter of the same type as experiment. The : control pens were in Experiment 1 was used in pens 7, 8, thoroughly cleaned and disinfected be­ and 9; pen 6 contained a wire floor; pen fore fresh new litter of the same type 10 was a battery brooder. After being were placed in each. on the litter for twelve weeks the re­ maining birds were weighed, killed, and The chicks were purposely crowded examined for parasites. as they would be in regular broiler houses. In each experiment they were All birds on built-up litter were heav­ kept on the litter until they were twelve ily infected with parasites of the same weeks old. During each experiment the type as in Experiment 1. The controls litter was examined weekly by the Stoll were entirely free of nematode para­ counting method for the presence of ova sites, but there were some Eimeria spe­ and oocysts. At twelve weeks of age cies found. Again the birds reared in the birds were weighed, killed, and the the battery brooder were entirely free respiratory and digestive tracts were of parasites and were heavier than those examined for parasites. in the other groups. The findings are In the first experiment, after the shown in Table 2. birds had been kept on the litter for The third experiment was conducted twelve weeks they were weighed, killed, the same as Experiments 1 and 2. The and examined for parasites. All birds pens were idle for ten weeks during the on built-up litter were heavily infected months of December, January, and Feb­ with parasites such as Eimeria tenella, ruary before chicks were placed on Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, them. There were ten individual groups Ascardidia lineata, Heterakis gallinae, each containing 30 day-old New Hamp­ and Capillaria retusa. During the ex­ shire chicks. In this experiment the periment weekly checks of the litter by chicks were sexed and fifteen cockerels the Stoll counting method had shown and fifteen pullets were placed in each numerous ova and oocysts of these para­ pen. Five groups were reared on the sites. The controls were free from in­ same built-up litter as used in Experi­ testinal nematode parasites, although ments 1 and 2. The five control pens some coccidia were present in a few were again thoroughly cleaned, disin­ birds. The weight gains in the nine fected, and fresh new litter of the same pans, both built-up litter and controls, type as Experimenst 1 and 2 was used were all practically the same. The birds in pens 7, 8, and 9. After twelve weeks, 20 SPECULUM the birds were weighed, killed, and ex­ Pen 3: Built-up litter with lime on which amined for parasites in the same man­ fourteen consecutive broods of chicks ner as Experiments 1 and 2. had been reared. (Four years old) Pen 4: Built-up litter without lime on which This extra year's use of the built-up fourteen consecutive broods of chicks litter added three more consecutive had been reared. (Pour months old) broods of chicks reared on each type of Pen 5: Built-up litter with lime on which built-up litter. At the end of the ex­ seventeen consecutive broods of periments, the type and age of the built- chicks had been reared. (Five years up litter in the pens were as follows: old) The birds were not as heavily para­ Penl: New built-up hen litter. (Twenty­ one months old) sitized with nematode parasites in this Pen 2: Old built-up hen litter. Three years experiment as in Experiments 1 and 2. old) Birds in pens 1 and 2 were still heavily

TABLE I CHECKOF PARASITES IN LITTER AND CHICKENS-Experimen 1 1

PARASITIC BURDEN IN PARASITIC ANALYSIS OF BUILT-UP CHICKENS REARED ON LITTER AND CONTROLS BUILT-UP LITTER AND ON CONTROLS

Ova per Mites and ova Av. worm burden Species of gram litter per gram lit. in chickens coccidia present

TYPE OF Chickens * mite s retus a retus a gallina e gallina e lineat a LITTER lineat a weigh t gains—lb . o f tenell a ov a Eimeri a acervulin Mit e Ascaridi a Heteraki s Capillari a Eimeri a maxim Eimeri a Scavenge r Averag e Mortalit y Capillari a Heteraki s Ascaridi a Numbe r

Built-up PEN 1 litter 56 43 6 1304 252 23 0 0.5 P P P 30 2 2.4 Built-up PEN 2 litter 47 30 6 965 504 34 27 6 P P P 30 0 2.5 Built-up PEN 3 litter 70 70 0 2296 1493 32 1.5 0 P P P 30 1 2.8 Built-up PEN 4 litter 91 93 0 6255 1493 2 0 0 P P P 30 0 2.8 Built-up PEN 5 litter 48 47 0 3612 1006 6 0.5 0 P P P 30 1 2.7 Control PEN 6 wire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P P P 30 2 2.9 Control deep PEN 7 shavings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P P P 30 2 2.6 Control PEN 8 shavings 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 P P P 30 5 2.8 Control PEN 9 corn cobs 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 P P P 30 2 2.8 Control PEN 10 battery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N 30 0 3.5 -| One immature ascarid in one chicken N—Negative P—Positive •5 chickens removed from each pen for im­ munity test (coccidia) at five weeks SPRING, 1952 21

TABLE II CHECKOF: PARASITES IN LITTER AND CHICKENS-Experiment 2

PARASITIC BURDEN IN PARASITIC ANALYSIS OF BUILT-UP CHICKENS REARED ON LITTER AND CONTROLS BUILT-UP LITTER AND ON CONTROLS Ova per Mites and ova Av. worm burden Species of gram litter per gram lit. in chickens coccidia present

TYPE OF Chickens * retus a gallina e retus a gallina e lineat a LITTER lineat a o f Heteraki s Capillari a Mortalit y Averag e weigh t gains—lb . Mit e ov a Ascaridi a Eimeri a maxim Eimeri a tenell Capillari a Scavenge r mite s Eimeri a acervulin Numbe r Ascaridi a Heteraki s

Built-up PEN 1 litter 91 56 0.3 5637 693 60 4 0.2 p p p 30 1 3 Built-up PEN 2 litter 81 31 6 4247 859 66 6 0.2 p p p 30 0 3 Built-up PEN 3 litter 69 34 0 4659 543 35 2.5 0 p p p 30 1 3 Built-up PEN 4 litter 50 40 0 7201 843 2 0.1 0 p p p 30 1 3.1 Built-up PEN 5 litter 47 35 0 3965 680 7 1 0 p p p 30 2 3 Control PEN 6 wire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p p p 30 0 3.4 Control deep PEN 7 shavings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p p p 30 0 2.9 Control PEN 8 shavings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p p p 30 2 3.1 Control PEN 9 corn cobs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p p p 30 4 3.1 Control PEN 10 battery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N 30 0 4 P—Positive N—Negative *—5 chickens removed from each pen for im­ munity test (coccidia) at five weeks parasitized with Ascaridia lineata, but practically the the same except those in the birds in pens 3 and 5 had very few the battery brooder again showed heav­ ascarids while those in pen 4 were free ier weight gains than in the other of nematode parasites. There were no groups. The findings are shown in Heterakis gallinae or Capillaria retuso Table III. in any bird in this experiment. There were heavy infections with both intes- CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY tinal and cecal coccidiosis in all birds on The object of these experiments was built-up litter, with numerous deaths to determine the effect of built-up litter from both the acute and chronic type of on coccidia and other types of parasites coccidiosis in all pens except pens 6 and and their ova. The results of the experi­ 10. The weight gains in all pens were (Continued on Page UG) 22 SPECULUM

LEPTOSPIRAL DISEASES OF ANIMALS E. H. BOHL, D.V.M., Department of Bacteriology There have been approximately forty Ohio using as antigens several species species of leptospirae described from of liptospirae. The results as indicated various parts of the world. Many of in Chart I show that ten of 244 ran­ these infect and produce diseases in ani­ domly selected cattle sera were positive mals and man. These diseases are of with L. pomona, suggesting that ap­ special interest to veterinarians, not proximately 4 percent of the cattle pop­ only because of the illness which they ulation may have been infected at one may produce in animals, but also be­ time or another with this organism. cause humans apparently contract these CHART II diseases only by contact with infected SEROLOGIC TESTS ON 210 SWINE SERA animals. Animals serve as the reser­ COLLECTED AT RANDOM voirs of infection and may excrete the Serum Dilution 1:100 organisms in their urine for a variable Antigens Number Positive period of time following infection. Usu­ L. canicola 0 ally, the organisms are transmitted to L. icterohaemorrhagiae 10 other animals and to man by way of L. mitis 0 the urine. L. grippotyphosa 0 L. pomona 1 CHART I L. bovis 0 SEROLOGIC TESTS ON BOVINE SERA COLLECTED AT RANDOM SWINE—L. pomona, L. icterohaemorr­ Results hagiae, and L. hyos have been described Antigens Positive Herds No. of Animals Involved Animals as infecting swine (2, 5, 6). By sero­ L. canicola 0 34 99 logic examinations we have found swine L. icterohaemorr­ in central Ohio infected with L. pomona hagiae 0 35 102 and L. icterohaemorrhagiae. Swine lep­ L. grippotyphosa 0 38 139 tospirosis due to L. pomona is of special L. mitis 0 30 69 interest because infected swine may L. pomona 10 93 244 serve to transmit the disease to cattle L. bovis 0 34 99 and humans. The disease in humans CATTLE—Several species of leptospi­ has been called Swineherd's disease rae—L. bovis, L. pomona, L. ictero­ since practically all human cases orig­ haemorrhagiae, and L. grippotyphosa— inate from contact with swine. There have been described as infecting cattle have been only three reports of sus­ (1, 2, 3, 4). In this country, we are pri­ pected cases of Swineherd's disease in marily concerned with L. pomona. Signs the United States, and these have all manifested by cattle infected with L. been made within the last year and a pomona may be quite variable but usu­ half. In contrast, 152 cases were re­ ally include one or more of the follow­ ported in Switzerland in 1948 (7). ing: hemoglobinuria, slight icterus, Chart II gives the results of the sero­ reduction in milk flow with a few blood logic tests on swine sera collected from clots noticed, and abortion. The mor­ animals in central Ohio. tality in young calves has been described On one farm where three cows had as much higher than in mature cattle. died a few weeks previously with a con­ We conducted a serologic survey for lep­ dition clinically diagnosed as leptospi­ tospirosis in normal cattle in central rosis, 25 swine were bled and serologi­ SPRING, 1952 23 cally tested for leptospirosis. The swine 64 per cent of 22 rats investigated were and cattle on this farm ran together. serologically positive for L. icterohaem­ Twenty-four of these 25 swine were orrhagiae while being negative for the positive for L. pomona, yet they ap­ other species of leptospirae previously peared normal. The farmer stated that named. he had observed a few animals which Chart III gives some brief informa­ had held their heads to one side. Eu­ tion on the human leptospiral diseases ropean workers have described that the which have occurred in the United following signs may be associated with States and the role which animals play L. pomona infection in swine: mild di­ in their transmission. gestive disturbance, state of excitation in which true epileptiform convulsions CHART III occassionally appeared, excessive sali­ HUMAN LEPTOSPIRAL DISEASES WHICH HAVE vation, stiffness of the neck, with the OCCURRED IN THE U. S. A. Primary Animal meningeal signs predominating in a few Disease in Man Etiology Reservoir of the cases (8). Weil's diease L. icterohaem- Rat (Rattus HORSES—Swiss workers were the Canicola fever orrkagiae norvegicus) Swineherd's L. canicola Dog first to report on the association of disease L. pomona Swine, cattle equine periodic ophthalmia with a lep­ Autumn fever L. autumnalis Possibly fiield­ tospirosis (9). A considerable number (Fort Bragg mice of horses in central Ohio show antibody Fever) titers for L. pomona with the incidence much higher in horses with periodic Leptospirosis in both man and ani­ ophthalmia. mals is probably of greater occurrence DOGS—Infection of dogs with L. cani­ than we have considered in the past. cola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae has References : been extensively reported in the litera­ 1. BERNKOPF, H., OLITZKI, L., AND STUCYNSKI, ture. It should be kept in mind that the L. A.: Studies on Bovine and Human Lep­ signs manifested by dogs with lepto­ tospirosis. J. Infectious Diseases, 80: 53-63, spirosis may occur at two different pe­ 1947. 2. JOHNSON ,D. W.: The Discovery of a Fifth riods in the course of the disease—a) Australian Type of Leptospirosis. Med. J. during the leptospiremia, and b) weeks Australia, 1: 431, 1942. later during the phase when the organ­ 3. FIELD ,H. I., AND SELLERS, K. C : Leptospira isms have established themselves in kid­ icterohaemorrhagiae infection in the calf. ney and have produced a nephritis. L. Vet. Record, 62: 311-313, 1950. canicola and L. icterohaemorrhagiae in­ 4. MICHIN, N. A., AND AZINOV, S. A.: (Spiro­ chaetal Jaundice of Cattle in North Cauca­ fections occur in dogs in this locality. sus.) Abstract in Vet. Bui., 7: 419, 1937. So far in this work we have found no 5. NlSBETT, D. I.: Leptospira icterohaemorr­ evidence that dogs are infected by L. hagiae infection in pigs. J. Comp. Path. pomona. There have been only about Therap., 61: 155-160, 1951. nine cases of Canicola fever in man re­ 6. SAVINO, E., AND RENNELLA, E.: (Leptospi­ ra SIM'S and L. hyos infection in pigs in the ported in the United States. Argentine Republic.) Abstract in Bui. Hyg. RATS—Rats are considered the pri­ 25: 1246, 1950. mary reservoirs for L. icterohaemorr­ 7. GSELL , 0.: Maladies des Porchers. Rev. hagiae. The status of murine leptospi­ Path. Comparee, 49 : 407-417, 1949. 8. PENSO, G., AND ROSA, B.: (The existence of rosis in the vicinity of Columbus, Ohio, a disease in swine caused by the virus of is indicated by the determination that Swineherd's disease.) 24 SPECULUM

BOOK REVIEWS Livestock Health Encyclopedia: By RU­ In summary, the book can hardly be DOLPH SEIDEN.—This book has been recommended for veterinary usage as compiled as "the first and only compre­ it's subject matter is so general as to hensive, authoritative reference book" be adequately covered in the recognized on livestock health. Claims are made professional texts accumulated in the that it is also the first expert summary veterinary educational process. Also, of veterinary preparations and their the average veterinarian should prob­ practical use. ably hesitate to recommend the book to Undoubtedly it is an encyclopedia of his client. While it does frequently ad­ livestock health terms and does include vise the calling of a competent veteri­ a variety of veterinary preparations narian for various disorders, the enclu­ used in treatment of animal diseases. sion of dosage charts and therapy rou­ However, as with most claims concern­ tines which accompany almost every ing the latest information, the book was disease condition discussed would seem, in many ways incomplete and out of in the last analysis to constitute direct date the day it was published, creating encouragement to attempt home therapy a false impression as to its compre­ without the benefit of professional con­ hensiveness. sultation. From the veterinarian's standpoint —James Rosenberger the explanation of some of the drugs commonly employed in veterinary medi­ cine are such as to create a false sense Sheep Diseases: By I. E. NEWSOM. 352 of security in the eye of the laity. For pages. Publishers, Williams and instance, in a discussion of the sulfa Wilkins, Baltimore, 1952. Price, $7.00. drugs, the statement is made that sulf a­ The book, "Sheep Diseases," provides pyradine is one of the drugs that should a thorough coverage of sheep diseases be used under the direction of a vet­ as found world wide. erinarian, while other of the sulfas are The book is divided into four main not so qualified, leaving the uninformed parts, these being, infectious diseases, with a false sense of security regarding noninfectious diseases, parasitic di­ their relative safety. Dosages are also seases and poisons. generally quoted in drug discussions, Approximately 175 different disease perhaps to the encouragement of their conditions as found in sheep are dis­ indiscriminate use by the laity. cussed as to the symptons, lesions, diag­ On the credit side, the book does in­ nosis, treatment, control, and preven­ deed combine a great deal of informa­ tion. The etiology, distribution and im­ tion of interest to the veterinarian and portance of each disease is also dis­ to the professional livestock man, writ­ cussed. ten in terms understandable by all. The Over one hundred illustrations aid in subject index system developed by the making this text very comprehensive. author is perhaps somewhat cumber­ This book is the only one of its kind some but on the whole useable. The in­ in English literature that gives such a formation as given is generally gleaned complete outline of sheep diseases on a from official Federal and State publica­ world-wide basis. tions written by recognized authorities The detail discussion of each disease and is probably completely reliable. (Continued on Page 4-3) SPRING, 1952 25

The faculty bowling team from the on the built-up litter experiments and College of Veterinary Medicine finished on the experiments with internal medi­ in twelfth place among the twenty-eight cation for mange in dogs are being pre­ faculty teams participating in the fac­ pared for publication. ulty bowling league at the University. The faculty bowlers of the Veterinary Dr. and Mrs. A. F. Schalk spent three College were Dr. E. J. Catcott, Dr. J. H. weeks in Florida during the latter part Helwig, Dr. F. J. Kingma, Colonel C. R. of the winter. Robinson, and Dr. W. G. Venzke. Dr. Leroy Johnson presented a film Dr. J. H. Helwig reports that plans to and spoke on cardiac resuscitation at expand the laboratory section in the De­ the Ohio State Annual Veterinary Con­ partment of Preventive Medicine are ference in May. Dr. Johnson will also nearly completed. This will mean that present this material at the National one-third of the Senior Class will be AVMA convention in Atlantic City in excused from clinic each quarter for on June. the job training in public health, state and federal regulatory work, and dis­ Dr. Clark will spend his summer ease control that would specialize in months at Mexico City College studying bovine mastitis in the State Welfare Spanish toward his Ph.D. Department's dairy herd. This third of the Senior Class will Dr. F. J. Kingma attended the annual also spend two-week periods with the meeting of the American Animal Hos­ clinic ambulatory and meat inspection. pital Association held at the Hunting­ ton, Pasadena, California, April 30­ Dr. D. 0. Jones has received his Mas­ May 3. He represented the University ter's degree. This subject of his thesis on the Animal Hospital Association's is, "The Modified Hotis Test," which he Committee on Education and also pre­ developed. sented a discussion and film depicting the physiology of reproduction in the Dr. E. J. Catcott spoke on canine canine. ophthalmology before the Chicago Vet­ erinary Medical Association at the Pal­ Dr. Kingma will present a paper pre­ mer House, Chicago, on March 11, and pared by himself and Dr. Catcott on before the Portage County Veterinary foreign bodies in the canine intestinal Medical Association in the Mayflower tract at the AVMA's National Conven­ Hotel, Akron, on March 25. tion in Atlantic City. As secretary of the Ohio State Vet­ Dr. J. C. Ramge underwent an opera­ erinary Medical Association, Dr. King- tion for a recurrent dislocation of the ma, along with Dr. Burriss, visited most shoulder joint. of the local veterinary associations throughout the state of Ohio. Some Dr. F. R. Koutz reports that results (Continued on Page 56) 26 SPECULUM ALUMNI NEW

1906 1917 Dr. Earl W. Miller has moved from Dr. and Mrs. A. B. White, Grove City, Houston to Baytown, Texas, to establish Ohio, visited with their daughters in a general practice. California during January. Mrs. Em­ 1907 mett Todd of San Diego and Mrs. John Dr. and Mrs. H. L. Little, Jefferson­ Bartock of Los Angeles. ville, Ohio, spent the winter at Braden­ 1919 ton, Florida. Dr. and Mrs. J. W. Jackman, Colum­ Dr. Reuben Hilty, Toledo, Ohio, died bus, Ohio, visited the standardbred March 4, 1952. Dr. Hilty was president winter training quarters at Orlando, of the AVMA in 1927-28. He had been Florida, in February. a patient in Mercy Hospital, Toledo, 1920 since last October. Mrs. Hilty died Jan­ Dr. J. C. Kile, Sr., West Jefferson, uary 31 of this year. Ohio, visited his son, Dr. J. C. Kile, Jr., 1909 at Oak Ridge, Tennesseee, in January. Dr. T. E. Cowgill, formerly of Dela­ 1927 ware, Ohio, died January 15 at Millers- Our congratulations to Dr. E. W. burg, Ohio. Johansen, the 1952 president of the 1911 Massachusettes State Veterinary Medi­ Dr. and Mrs. J. A. McCoy, Washing­ cal Association. ton Court House, Ohio, visited the 1928 standardbred winter training quarters Word has been received of the death at Macon, Georgia, in February. of Dr. George D. Grossman, Gambier, 1914 Ohio, on March 2. Dr. Earl J. Starbuck, Port William, 1930 Ohio, has resigned his position on the Dr. H. J. Eichhorn, Marion, Ohio, Clinton County Board of Health, termi­ died October 22. Dr. Eichhorn was em­ nating 20 years of service. He is con­ ployed by the BAI. tinuing to serve on the county school 1931 board. Our congratulations to Dr. J. T. Dr. S. L. Sayler, Canal Winchester, Burriss, the 1952 president of the Ohio Ohio, vacationed for two weeks at Ft. State Veterinary Medical Association. Lauderdale, Florida, in February. 1932 Dr. George W. Lies, Findlay, Ohio, Col. James R. Karr, chief veteri­ a former president of the OSVMA, died narian of the Far East Command, ar­ February 27. He conducted a general rived by plane in Columbus recently practice at Fort Recovery, Ohio, for sev­ from Tokyo, Japan. He spent a week eral years. in Washington on a special mission. 1916 His wife and sons, Billy and Dick, are Dr. and Mrs. H. H. Kellter, Milford making plans to go to Tokyo soon. Center, Ohio, vacationed in Tampa, 1934 Florida, in January. Fire destroyed the home and office of Dr. 0. O. Osbourne, Crooksville, Ohio, Dr. J. H. Binnig, Minerva, Ohio, in De­ died December 3, after a long illness. cember. SPRING, 1952 27

Dr. C. M. Rodgers, Blandinsville, Dr. Elden C. Krantz has opened a new Illinois, was a guest speaker at the hospital in Dover, Ohio. Indiana State Veterinary Convention in Dr. H. D. Jacobe, Cincinnati, Ohio, January. has just completed a new home and 1937 small animal hospital. Dr. Wesley 0. Keefer, Springfield, Dr. B. E. Brandehoff has been called Ohio, is president-elect of the Ohio State to active duty as a Captain in the Air Veterinary Medical Association. Force. 1938 Dr. E. C. Peck has recently completed Dr. W. C. Raudabaugh, Piper City, a new hospital at Middleton, Ohio. Illinois, has opened a modern small ani­ 1944 mal hospital in connection with his gen­ Dr. L. W. Harrod recently completed eral practice. Dr. W. L. Hay ,OSU '50) a new hospital at Harrod, Ohio. is associated with him. To Dr. and Mrs. J. C. Kile, Oak Ridge, Dr. P. A. Soldner, Springfield, Ohio, Tennessee, a daughter, Kathleen, on is president pro-tem of the Springfield February 29. Board of Health. Dr. D. J. Wade, formerly of Lan­ 1939 caster, Ohio, has accepted a position as Dr. James Stansberry, Marietta, Chief Veterinarian for the Penny & Ohio, is operating in a new hospital James Angus Farm, Hamilton, Missuri. with a new associate, Dr. Jay B. Smith The herd includes 600 registered Angus (OSU '50). and over 100 Holstein nurse cows. Dr. 1940 Wade's practice has been taken over To Dr. and Mrs. E. E. Evans, De­ by Dr. J. M. Hagely (OSU '50) formerly catur, Illinois, a second son, John James, associated with Dr. C. W. Cromley on October 23. (OSU '36), Ashville, Ohio. 1941 Barbara Ann, a daughter, to Dr. and Dr. F. D. Gutridge is building a new Mrs. F. O. Haberman, Centerburg, hospital in Newark, Ohio. Ohio, on December 22. 1942 Our congratulations to Dr. M. M. 1945 Dr. F. C. Hartman, Upper Sandusky, Coble, the 1952 president of the Indiana Ohio, reported for military service on State Veterinary Medical Association. March 27. Dr. R. R. Rhinebarger is constructing Charles Madden, a son, to Dr. and a new hospital in Newark, Ohio. 1943 Mrs. P. B. Johnston, Madeira, Ohio, on Dr. Judson R. Wynkoop, Canal Win­ November 11. chester, Ohio, demonstrated his new Susan Jane, a daughter, to Dr. and electric "Universal Horn Saw" at the Mrs. Wayne E. Sharp, Union City, Indi­ recent OSVMA convention. He has ana, on October 27. spent two years perfecting it and hopes Dr. Paul L. Romig, formerly located to have it on the market soon. at Bellaire, Ohio, has taken over the A son, Paul Donald, to Dr. and Mrs. small animal hospital of Dr. D. B. Mc­ Jack R. Winkler, Newport, Kentucky, Bride (OSU '39) at St. Clairsville, December 15. Ohio. Dr. Douglas Traphagen enjoyed three Ann Bancroft, a daughter, to Dr. and weeks of Florida sunshine this past Mrs. Richard L. Hall, Collins, New winter. York, on May 15. 28 SPECULUM

1948 1951 Mary Frances, a daughter, to Dr. and Dr. Paul H. Kramer, Newark, Ohio, Mrs. H. F. Ehlerding, Port William, was bitten severely on his right hand Ohio, on November 4. recently when attempting to treat a dog Dr. John P. Check, Prairie du Chein, which had been injured. Twelve stitches Wisconsin, is remodeling his office and were required to close the wound. adding pet hospital facilities. Deborah Jo, a daughter, to Dr. and 1949 Mrs. Robert Morgan, Mechanitsburg, Sally Ann, a daughter, to Dr. and Ohio, on October 15. Mrs. E. E. Backey, Findlay, Ohio, on Dr. William E. Meehl, Fitchburg, August 4. Massachusettes, announces the opening To Dr. and Mrs. David Eglit, Long of the Bay State Animal Hospital. Dr. Beach, California, a daughter, Debra Meehl conducts a general practice in­ Harriet, on February 8. cluding poultry work. A son, Michael Lee, to Dr. and Mrs. Kathy Louise, a daughter, to Dr. and L. L. Grilliot, Troy, Ohio, February 18. Mrs. Donald Ringley, Randolph Air Dr. H. B. Crawford, recently dis­ Force Base, Texas, on January 5. charged from the Army is joining Dr. Uniting in practice are Dr. John W. C. Holbett (OSU '47) in partnership Walker and Dr. Paul Washburn (OSU at London, Ohio. '39), at Jackson, Ohio. Dr. Wm. G. Orr, formerly of Minerva, Ohio, is now associated with Dr. R. E. Swinderman (OSU '45) at Kewanee, TAIL DOCKING Illinois. A practitioner, no matter how limited 1950 his small animal practice, will at some Dr. W. L. Hay is associated with Dr. time be called upon to dock the tails of W. C. Raudabaugh (OSU '38) at Piper various breeds of dogs. City, Illinois. The following is the accepted tail Dr. Jay B. Smith recently became as­ lengths as recommended by the Amer­ sociated with Dr. James Stansberry ican Kennel Club: (OSU '39) at Marietta, Ohio. Fox Terriers and Sealyhams—remove Dr. J. Bruce Wenger has opened a a full 1/3 of the length. new small and large animal hospital in Airdales, Welsh and Irish Terriers— an Clintonville, Ohio. remove between i/2 d 3/5 of the Scott Myron, a son, to Dr. and Mrs. length. W. M. Hilderbrand, Piqua, Ohio, on De­ All Spaniels except Irish Water—re­ cember 29. move a full 3/5. Tod Edward, a son, to Dr. and Mrs. Poodles—remove i/£. Dale Schneider, Canton, Ohio, on Oc­ German Shorthaired Pointer — re­ tober 5. move 2/3. Dr. J. M. Hagely and Barbara Jane Doberman—remove all but one or two Roach of Columbus were married Feb­ joints. ruary 27. Dr. Hagely, formerly as­ Brussels Griffon and Yorkshire Ter­ sociated with Dr. C. W. Cromley (OSU riers—remove a scant 2/3. '36), Ashville, Ohio, has taken over the Schipperkes and Old English Sheep­ practice of Dr. D. J. Wade (OSU '44), dogs—remove all but one inch on grown at Lancaster, Ohio. dogs and 2/3 inch on puppies. SPRING, 1952 29

TUDENT NEW

SENIOR CLASS

For those of us who fell asleep that those hallowed halls we were just first morning in Dr. Grossman's anato- years old, we were married to 40 good- my class and have continued to slumber looking girls, and 18 of us were fathers. on throughout most of our college ca- Fifty-nine of us were veterans of World reers a review of what transpired seems War II and had served an average of 37 in order. months, and all agreed that Anatomy Of the 418 applicants who had was no snap course. pleaded for admission into veterinary Now as we prepare to go our separate medicine in the fall of 1948, 72 gathered ways, each feeling that he has found a in front of the college office to glad- better place to practice than the others, hand one another and express sympathy we find the figures changed. Our ages for the other 346 who didn't receive an range from 23 to 39, we now support 58 invitation to join the happy group. wives, or visa versa, and 56 little ones (that figure could change at any mo- A survey made of the class shortly ment) . Thirty-four now hold the dis- thereafter revealed to us that life is a tinction of being fathers, with more fleeting thing. When first we entered soon to swell the ranks.

BARLAGE, EUGENE P. DAVIS, DONALD E. EVANS, ROSS E. Miller City, 0. Troy, O. Cleveland, O. D.V.M. D.V.M. D.V.M. Omega Tau Sigma Alpha Psi J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. BERGLUND, NEVIN E. DAVIS, GEORGE W. FOSNAUGH, CARL J. Brookfield, O. Hardinsburg, Ind. Columbus, O. D.V.M. D.V.M. D.V.M. Alpha Psi (President) Alpha Psi Omega Tau Sigma Professional Inter-Fraternity J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. Council Phi Zeta Alpha Tau Omega DAVIS, JOHN J.A.V.M.A. Columbus, O. D.V.M., B.S. Edu. FREAS, GEORGE W. J.A.V.M.A. Franklin, Ky. BERNSTEIN, HERBERT S. D.V.M., B.S. Agr. Akron, O. DEMOTTE, ROY H. Alpha Psi D.V.M. Petersburg, Ind. Phi Zeta J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Omicron Delta Kappa Omega Tau Sigma Alpha Gamma Rho BOISE, PERCELL C. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. Celina, O. D.V.M. DENHAM, JAMES A. Alpha Psi Ludlow, Ky. GRIFFITHS, ROBERT C. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Akron, O. Alpha Psi D.V.M. J.A.V.M.A. Omega Tau Sigma BRATTON, JAMES E. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M., B.S. J.A.V.M.A. DOERR, MELVIN E. Portsmouth, O. D.V.M. HAMILTON, JOHN S. COLE, FORREST E. Alpha Psi Salem, O. Shelby, O. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. D.V.M. Speculum (Managing Editor) J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. DONHAM, JAMES C. HEATH, HARRY N. CUTLIP, FORREST W. West Lafayette, Ind. Sedalia, O. Mount Sterling, O. D.V.M. D.V.M. D.V.M., B.Sc. Agr. Omega Tau Sigma (President) Omega Tau Sigma Speculum J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. L o o r • r

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HELDENBRAND, LADD L. MILLER, MICHAEL D. ROSENBERGER, JAMES H. Columbus, O. Cleveland Heights, O. Cleveland, O. D.V.M., B.Sc. Zoology D.V.M., B.Sc. D.V.M. Alpha Psi Phi Zeta Omega Tau Sigma J.A.V.M.A. Delta Epsilon Phi Phi Zeta J.A.V.M.A. Gamma Sigma Delta Chi Phi HUBBAKD, MARSHALL L. MILLER, WILLIAM M. Borden Award 1952 Painesville, O. Fremont, O. Moss Essay Winner 1952 D.V.M. D.V.M. Speculum (Editor) Phi Zeta Alpha Psi J.A.V.M.A. (President) J.A.V.M.A. Bucket and Dipper Football HUMM, VICTOR E. Wrestling ROTTMAN, WARNER L. D.V.M., B.A. Track Millersburg, O. Ashland, O. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M., B.A. Chem. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M-A. MORRISON, VAUGHN W. Columbus, O. RYDER, JAMES G. JACOBS, RAYMOND E. D.V.M. Findlay, O. J.A.V.M.A. Shelby, O. D.V.M. D.V.M. Phi Zeta MURDICK, PHILI PW. Alpha Psi (President) Alpha Psi Stow, O. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Omega Tau Sigma SCHADLER, HARRY J. JAMBS, DONOVAN G. J.A.V.M.A. Hubbard, O. New Boston, O. D.V.M. D.V.M. NELSON, STUART L. Alpha Psi Omega Tau Sigma D.V.M. J.A.V.M.A. Phi Zeta Brecksville, O. Delta Tau Delta J.A.V.M.A. Alpha Psi Fencing J.A.V.M.A. La Crosse JOHNSON, FRANK L., JR. Xenia, O. OPFER, FREDRICK H. SCHAR, FORREST H. D.V.M. Berlin Heights, O. Burbank, O. Omega Tau Sigma D.V.M,. D.V.M. Alpha Sigma Phi Senior Class President J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. PAAVOLA, OIV AA. KENNETT, MURAT A., JR. Ashtabula. O. SCHROEDER, Louis A. New Braintree, Mass. D.V.M. Leipsic, O. D.V.M., A.B. Phi Zeta D.V.M. Omega Tau Sigma J.A.V.M.A. Omega Tau Sigma Phi Zeta Phi Zeta J.A.V.M.A. PALMER, DAVID W. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. KERSTING, EDWIN J. Omega Tau Sigma SHERIDAN, JOSEPH S. Columbus, O. J.A.V.M.A. Columbus, O. D.V.M. D.V.M. PETTIT, MARION F. J.A.V.M.A. KINCAID, JACK B. Bucyrus, 0. Grafton, W. Va. D.V.M. D.V.M. Alpha Psi SHILLIDAY, RICHARD D. Alpha Psi Alpha Zeta Hayesville, O. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Alpha Psi LACKEY, OTHO M. POWER, HAROLD E. Lambda Chi Alpha Berea. Ky. New Augusta, Ind. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. D.V.M. Omega Tau Sigma Alpha Psi SPAULDING, JOHN E. Phi Zeta Phi Zeta Madison, O. J.A.V.M.A. Alpha Gamma Kho D.V.M. J.A.V.M.A. Delta Theta Sigma LACKEY, ROBERT E. J.A.V.M.A. Kimball, W. Va. QUEEN, THEODORE C. D.V.M., B.S. Columbus, 0. STANLEY, RICHARD E. Alpha Psi D.V.M. Woodstock, O. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Omega Tau Sigma Alpha Psi MARSH, GLYDE A. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. Blacklick, O. RAUB, WILLIAM K. D.V.M., B.S., M.Sc. Berea, O. STEVENS, HENRY A. D.V.M. Conneaut, O. MATCHETT, RONALD D. Alpha Psi D.V.M. Swayzee, Ind. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Omega Tau Sigma REUTER, RAYMOND C. THEYERL, JOSEP HN. Phi Zeta Pomeroy, O. Fond du Lac, Wis. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. D.V.M. Alphi Psi Alpha Psi MCCLELLAND, ROBERT L. J.A.V.M.A. Speculum (Circulation Mgr.) Xenia, O. J.A.V.M.A, D.V.M. RICE, ROBERT A. Alpha Psi New Albany, O. THOMAS, DANIEL L., JR.. . J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Columbus, O. Football Mgr. Speculum (Business Mgr.) D.V.M., B.Sc. Agr. Basketball Mgr. J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M.A. SPRING, 1952 33

TSCHANTZ, STANLEY I. WARREN, FLOYD F. WIEST, HAROLD J. Dalton, O. Troy, O. Botkins, O. D.V.M., B.Sc. D.V.M. D.V.M. Speculum (Photographer) J.A.V.M.A. Omega Tau Sigma J.A.V.M.A. J.A.V.M-A. WELDON, RICHAR DC. WINKLER, WARD F. WAHI, DONALD W. Circleville. O. Georgetown, O. D.V.M., B.S. Newport, Ky. D.V.M. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Omega Tau Sigma Omega Tau Sigma Phi Eta Sigma Phi Zeta Phi Zeta WHITEUS, ROBER TG. Specidu-m J.A.V.M.A. Coshocton, O. J.A.V.M.A. D.V.M. Alpha Psi WISEMAN, WILLIAM E. WALTERS, DALE E. Speculum (Assoc. Editor) Chillicothe, O. Beallsville, O. J.A.V.M.A. (President) D.V.M. D.V.M. Pershing Rifles Phi Eta Sigma Phi Zeta Alpha Phi Omega American Wildlife Society J.A.V.M.A. Phi Zeta Campus Wildlife Forum JUNIOR NEWS port from among our class. Since the DICK BURNS, Veterinary Medicine III last report, my home was first blessed. To be finishing up the classroom por­ The notice read: "To Dick and Jayne tion of this formal education is a very Burns, a daughter, Donna Jayne, Feb­ wonderful feeling indeed, and is surely ruary 18th." Then Russ and Annabelle second only to the joyous experience of Taylor came through with a son, Jef­ graduation itself. The class comment fery Russell, on March 6th. Hal and most commonly expressed concerning Natalie Wilkin evened things up this our forty-plus classroom and clinic time with a boy, Thomas Vernon, "TV," hours that we undergo each week is on March 13th. And finally, a son for "rough." And now that the hot weather Marv and Marty Maxon arrived March is making our long days even rougher, 24th, and his name is Thomas Warren. it isn't surprising that some nodding A couple of classmates have chosen goes on in the classrooms. Many of our June 7th of this year to depart from boys work until late at night at their bachelorhood. Frank Mueller's engage­ part time jobs and find studying very ment to Jean Jarvis of New Philadel­ difficult if not impossible tofit into their phia, Ohio, last November 17th, and schedules. We are, of course, undergo­ Dick Bachmeyer's engagement to Mar­ ing this pressure for a very worthy pur­ garet Ann Shaw of Dover, Ohio, on De­ pose, and the transition to the six year cember 2nd, were the events that course was bound to affect the smooth­ precipitated this very worthwhile step ness of the first class to meet the change. which is to be taken the day after ex­ So there is no bitterness among us ams. You have the congratulations and about the heavy schedule, but only hopes best wishes from us all. that some consideration will be shown In these past years I have reported by our instructors when our quarter's autobiographies of two of the outstand­ output is evaluated. We'll have a whole ing students in our class, namely, Walt year of internship to prove our capabili­ Culbertson and Ed Page. This time I'd ties and to make up for our only moder­ like to continue the series with a brief ate response to this Spring quarter's picture of another outstanding student, work. namely, Tom Powers. Bob Craig has been selected to rep­ Tom was born near Cedarville, Ohio, resent a Terramycin firm in their ad­ and very early in life his family moved vertising program this summer. to a farm near Sabina, Ohio. His life We have some new offspring to re- (Continued on Page 53) 34 SPECULUM

3 •f ALI HI :PSI N y ,ws

Upon returning from a well deserved year in the form of a plaque devoted to vacation, our pledge class was con­ the outstanding pledge of the year, and fronted with the traditional "Hell those of the years to come. Stewart Week." The usual evening bookwork Hughes, neophite to the college, was was replaced by paint brushes and scrub honored by being the first to be "en­ brushes, as a clean sweep was made graved" onto this tradition. through the halls of Alpha Psi. Fol­ Another highlight of this quarter was lowing the "hell of the weak," the for­ the annual meeting of the National mal initiation of twenty-four new broth­ Council of the Alpha Psi Fraternity. ers took place on March 30, followed by We were pleased to be the host chapter the annual banquet. Included in the as guests were present representing initiation were two new honorary mem­ Alpha Psi chapters from coast to coast. bers, Dr. Bland L. Stradley, O.S.U. Vice Four sessions of the Council were held President, and Lt. Col. Charles E. Rob­ in the new Student Union on the 11th inson, Veterinary College R.O.T.C. Di­ and 12th of April and proceedings were rector. directed by Frank Coy of the Sopho­ A new tradition was established this more Class. The meetings were con-

Delegates and Representatives to the National Council of the Alpha Psi Fraternity. Left to right, front row—Dr. B. Scott Fritz, Marietta, Vice Pres. Second row—Franklin A. Coy, Ohio State Uni- Pa., Treas.; Dr. R. E. Rebrassier, Columbus, Pres.; Dr. versity; Joseph Tugaw, Washington State; Roy R. Smith, £. T. Booth, Philadelphia, Pa., Secy.; Edward Melby, New University of Georgia; Dr. J. F. Hokanson, Wilton, Wis., York State Veterinary College; Emmett Houeye, Alabama 2nd Vice Pres.; Paul Husted, University of Pennsylvania. Polytechnic Institute; Dr. A. G. Danks, Ithaca, N. Y., 1st SPRING, 1952 35 eluded with a dinner at the Beechwold and we are in hopes that the coming Restaurant on the thirteenth. Re-elec- events will be as entertaining. There tion of national officers was made and will be little weekend studying done for the following men were elected to office: the remainder of this quarter, with a Pres., Dr. R. E. Rebrassier, O.S.U. full schedule of events to come. Among 1st V. Pres., Dr. A. G. Danks, Cornell these are the Alpha Psi Picnic, House 2nd V. Pres., Dr. W. S. Bailey, Ala. Poly. Secy., Dr. E. T. Booth, U. Pa. Dance, Faculty Staff, and Alpha Pi- Treas., Dr. B. Scott Pritz, U. Pa. OTS Square Dance. The finale of the On April 21, the election of chapter year will be the Senior Send-Off follow- officers was made with the following ing graduation on June 6. men installed: In the "Little Brown Keg" League, Pres., Thomas E. Powers, '53 V. Pres., Franklin A. Coy, '54 Alpha Psi cagers won a convincing vic- Secy., Richard D. Burns, '53 tory in a bitterly contested, closely Corres. Secy., David R. DeLong, '55 Treas., Forrest H. Oliver, '54 matched, 39 to 21 basketball games with Asst. Treas., Everett Fleming, '55 OTS. Then, to place the "Keg" firmly House Mgr., Robert S. Scherer, '54 in Alpha Psi hands once again, our soft- Steward, Harold C. Spencer, '54 Censor, Ned D. Abbott, '53 ball team won an exciting 7 to 2 victory Congratulations, men, and our deep- over the OTS team. felt thanks to those men retiring from office. Imagine the newspaper boy's embar- The last quarter was highlighted by rassment when he opened the wrong the Winter Formal at the Seneca Hotel. door in the depot waiting room and An enjoyable evening was spent by all, yelled: "Extra paper."

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seniors in the College of Veterinary Medicine, were honored with Gamma Keys for their work in leadership and publicity of Omega Tau Sigma. To these men again go the warm congratulations of Omega Tau Sigma. In true Omega Tau Sigma fashion, the athletic reputation of the fraternity was advanced by our basketball team this past winter season. Battling down to the final game of the intramural sea­ son, our basketeers added another cup OTS NEWS to the mantel as runner-up team in their As Omega Tau Sigma swings into the league. It looks like the Little Brown last lap of another academic year she Keg series will go into a rubber match can well look back with pride on her this year, however, with final possession many accomplishments of the past two dependent on the outcome of the soft­ quarters as well as bright prospects for ball game this Spring. Our arch rival continued fraternal development and brought us down to earth abruptly by activity in the Spring quarter now upon trimming us in the winter basketball us. game. Once again a really fine group of men Coming social events for Omega Tau were formally initiated into the broth­ Sigma men portend a very busy Spring erhood of Omega Tau Sigma at the An­ quarter. Starting off May 7, the annual nual Recognition Banquet. This year's alumni luncheon will be held in con­ affair took place on April 6 with a ca­ junction with the twenty-first annual pacity crowd of actives, alumni, faculty, conference for Veterinarians, to be held and guests in attendance. As usual the May 7 and 8 this year in deference to Gamma award committee did a fine job (Continued on Page 59) of carrying out the most impressive part of the proceedings and it is with true fraternal pride that Omega Tau Sigma announces the 1952 recipients: Dr. L. P. Doyle of Purdue University was the re­ cipient of the National Gamma Award for his innumerable contributions to the Veterinary Profession and the livestock industry through his research in ani­ mal diseases. Dr. H. G. Geyer, Chief of the Division of Animal Industry for the State of Ohio was the recipient of the Gamma Alumni Award for his work in the advancement of the livestock in­ dustry through his diplomatic and un­ derstanding approach to regulatory Gamma award recipients at the 1952 annual Omega control work in Ohio. Tau Sigma recognition banquet. Top row, left to right- Seniors, Philip Murdick and James Donham. Bottom row, James Donham and Philip Murdick, left to right—Dr. H. G. Geyer, Dr. L. P. Doyle. purgolettes

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NORDEN LABORATORIES LINCOLN NEBRASKA SPRING, 1952 39

OSVMA This is the American way of life. If (Continued from Page 3) you are in doubt as to the virtue of be­ ing a member of your State Association, membership to our State Association I would like to suggest that you join the and I understand application blanks organization and observe first-hand its will be enclosed in this issue of the sincerity in properly representing you Speculum for your convenience. and your profession in Ohio. It is the function of our State organi­ In closing, may I, in behalf of The zation to satisfactorily exemplify to any Ohio State Veterinary Medical Associa­ veterinarian that the Association is tion, express our most sincere gratitude making every effort to properly and ef­ for the efforts of the many local vet­ fectively represent our profession in erinary medical associations in Ohio. Ohio. Our State Association the same You are doing a most effective job in as any organization, is subject to criti­ developing good colleague relationship cism and sincerely, we welcome any at the area level and to me, this again criticism or suggestions that will help is the grass root of coordinated pro­ us to more effectively represent the en­ gressive veterinary medicine. Keep up tire veterinary profession in Ohio. I the good work. am not at all sensitive and please do not Sometimes the criticism does arise be reluctant to give me both barrels if that a few men attempt to run the State you feel our State Association is failing Association. This to me is unfair criti­ in some respect. My address is 83 North cism as a most sincere effort has been Remington Road, Columbus 9, Ohio. I made to effect proper representation in assure you that such criticisms or sug­ all phases of Veterinary Medicine. In gestions will be fairly presented to the the final analysis, you as members, attention of the officers and Executive elect the officers and Executive Com­ Committee of the Association. mittee members of the Association and In my honest opinion, our schools are in fact, these men contribute consider­ properly instructing their graduates as able time and their own money in ad­ to the merit of coordinated thinking and dition to their own busy schedules in efforts through veterinary medical as­ carrying out the duties of their elected positions in serving the best interests of sociation activities and affiliations. This our profession. is verified by the high percentage of graduates who join our respective local, I think it is only fair to say that our state and national organizations. The profession can never be any stronger number of older men joining the State than the men who participate in our Association the past few years has been field of service and coordinate their most gratifying. This signifies to me thinking and efforts through sincere that these men do feel that the State affiliation with their local, state and na­ Association can properly represent tional veterinary medical associations. their interests and that of the profes­ sion at the state level and needless to A nylon hypodermic syringe has been say, the State Association does sincerely introduced to the medical professions. welcome their thinking and support. It is reputedly indestructible, being No veterinarian should be reluctant to lighter in weight and will withstand join this association because he has boiling, autoclaving or chemical sterili­ been a non-member for several years. zation. 6,000,000 Farm Paper Readers 3,000,000 Newspaper Readers 1,600,000 Movie Audience 40 0 Radio Stations People are Reading, Hearing About YOU All these millions of readers and listeners are being given a new appreciation of the veterinarian and his work . . . through the nation-wide campaign of As­ sociated Serum Producers. Through newspapers, farm magazines, radio, movies, this campaign is at work for YOU 365 days in the year. Remember these companies, who make this campaign possible. Fori Dodge Laboratories, Inc. The Royal Serum Co. Grain Belt Supply Co. Sioux City Serum Co. The Gregory Laboratory, Inc. Sioux Falls Serum Co. Jensen-Salsbery Laboratories, Inc. The Southwestern Serum Co. Liberty Laboratories The United Serum Co. Missouri Valley Serum Co. Allied Laboratories, Inc. The National Laboratories Corp. Blue Cross Serum Co. Norden Laboratories The Columbus Serum Co. Pitman-Moore Co. Corn Belt Laboratories, Inc. The Corn States Serum Co.

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Upjohlt Department of Veterinary Medicine

THE UPJOHN COMPANY, KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN 42 SPECULUM

DEAN'S DESK American Veterinary Medical Associa­ (Continued from Page 4) tion in Atlantic City, June 22-26. We are looking forward to another large be considered. This, according to our turn out of our alumni dinner on the best statistics, will be about 300 an­ evening of the 25th. We plan to have nually. Thus, the actual annual gain Jack Fullen, our University Alumni will be about 450 veterinarians. Just Secretary with us on this occasion, so how many veterinarians our country plan now to be present. can support is most difficult to predict but of this we can be assured that up to this time no one has come up with the CANINE NEOPLASMS correct answer. When our veterinarians ROBERT F. LANGHAM, M.S., D.V.M., Ph.D., and tell us they are so busy answering L. B. SCHOLL, A.B., D.V.M., M.S. emergency calls, they have little or no During the period of 1940-1951, the time to assist with tuberculosis and Department of Animal Pathology at brucellosis or other control programs; Michigan State College diagnosed 763 when poultry practice is neglected; herd canine neoplasms from necropsy, sur­ breeding and mastitis programs are not gery, and field cases. Of 2,186 dogs developed in many areas; and so long necropsied, 113 died or were destroyed as our urban population continues to because of cancer, an incidence of 5.1 increase as it has during the past dec­ percent. Six other dogs necropsied had ade, creating an ever increasing de­ benign tumors. mand for small animal practitioners; I The neoplasms were classified as fol­ can see no reason to be alarmed by this lows: small annual increase to our veterinary population. Carcinomas 343 (45.5%) Sarcomas 224 (28.4%) Some one always raises the question Miscellaneous about a depression, but is there any rea­ malignancies 51 ( 6.8%) son to suppose that veterinary medicine Benign 145 (19.2%) will fare any worse than the other pro­ The breeds of dogs involved most fessions or other lines of industry? De­ frequently were Cockers, Boston Ter­ pressions hurt every one, and certainly riers, Springer Spaniels, English Set­ we couldn't and shouldn't expect to be ters, Beagles, Collies, and Pointers. the chosen few who would not be affect­ The sex incidence of 448 dogs showed ed. So to these new members of our 249 to be females and 199 males. profession I can truthfully say that the The greatest number of neoplasms oc­ opportunities for young graduates were curred between the sixth and eleventh never greater and their success will years. largely depend upon their vision, initia­ The most common sites for the neo­ tive, ambition and their willingness to plasms were the skin, subcutaneous tis­ render an honest service to the com­ siues, and mammary gland. munity. Have faith in your profession and be proud of the service you are rendering and you need have no fear for Trees are feminine — they stand the future. around all winter with bare limbs, get As a closing reminder to all alumni, a new outfit each spring, and live off the don't forget the annual meeting of the sap all year. SPRING, 1952 43

BOOK REVIEWS OHIO-FAMOUS FOR (Continued from Page 24) PRESIDENTS condition will make this text a valuable Four graduates of the Ohio State Col­ aid to the veterinary practitioner as lege of Veterinary Medicine are 1952 well as to the undergraduate student in presidents of State Associations. veterinary medicine. Dr. E. W. Johansen —Marvin Maxson Massachusetts State—1927 Dr. J. T. Burris—Ohio State—1931 Dr. M. M. Coble Diagnostic Methods in Veterinary Medi­ Indiana State—1942 cine: By GEORGE F. BODDIE, Profes­ Dr. C. B. Bjorson sor of Medicine, Royal (Dick) Veteri­ North Dakota State—1945 nary College, Edinburgh. Published and distributed in the United States of America for Oliver and Boyd Ltd. by CALIFORNIA MEETING J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, California State Veterinary Medical Pa. Association. Annual June meeting. The first edition of this volume ap­ Arrowhead Springs Hotel, San Bernar­ peared in 1944. It was revised in 1946 dino, Calif., June 16-19. Charles S. and 1950. The object of this work has Travers, California State Veterinary been to present, in a reasonably con­ Medical Association, 3004 16th St., rm. cise form, a description of the diagnos­ 208, San Francisco, Calif., executive tic methods used in veterinary medicine secretary. along with details of their interpreta­ tion. The book should be of service to veterinary students, practitioners and teachers. The format of the book con­ forms with the strict war-time economy standards. In content, the work covers the pre­ IN liminary general examination, the di­ gestive system and abdomen, respira­ PERSONAL ESTATE tory system, circulatory system, urinary PLANNING system, nervous system, skin, lymphatic system, sense organs, genitalia and FOR mammal, locomotor system, allergic re­ VETERINARIANS actions, collection of material for lab­ oratory examination, clinical biochem­ istry, clinical bacteriology, clinical hemotology, clinical helminthology, postmortem technique, and diagnosis of WAYNE L. LEWIS poultry disease. There are twenty chap­ INSURANCE CONSULTANT ters and 389 pages in the book. 26 N. Grant Ave. In my opinion the book is a worth­ Columbus, Ohio while addition to the veterinarian's li­ brary. AD-3447 KI-6702 —W. G. Venzke 44 SPECULUM

DIPROSOPUS TETROPHTHALMUS doubt due to the anatomical deviation By MARVIN E; MAXSON from normal of the head and structures Veterinary Medicine HI thereof, we must realize that two heads Hundreds of people recently visited are not always better than one! the Veterinary Clinic at Ohio State Uni­ versity to view the two-headed female calf shown here. The calf was delivered on April 7, 1952, at the Veterinary Clinic and was kept alive for approximately forty-eight hours. The mother of the calf is an eighteen- month-old Hereford-Jersey cross and belongs to Mr. Frank E. Ellis of Lynch­ burg, Ohio. A local veterinarian examined the cow on April 7 and diagnosed the pres­ ence of the two-headed calf. The case was referred to the clinic where Dr. V. L. Tharp performed the cesarean section. INHALATION THERAPY The mother of the calf made an un­ (Continued from Page 5) eventful recovery and was released from the clinic in care of the owner. dissolved in 3-10 cc of water to comprise The calf had a very strong heart but a single dose treatment. Such an anti­ both heads had cleft palates. The cleft biotic combination affords a wide anti- palate condition prevented the calf from infective effect at a minimal expense per proper swallowing, so the calf was fed treatment. The Asthma-Nephrin nebu­ by stomach tube in an effort to keep it lizer produces a very fine mist and is alive. considered highly efficient in producing The nervous system seemed to be ex­ good penetration of the respiratory cellent as the calf showed reflex action tract. to various body stimuli. The two sets of Antibiotic inhalation therapy has nostrils were so synchronized that the been used both in combination with movement of one appeared to be a re­ systemic antibiotic administration and flection of the other. as the sole method of antibiotic applica­ The calf's body size was normal, but tion to dogs with respiratory infections. the weight of the head was so great that Its use has been confined to the cases the calf could not keep its equilibrium that could reasonably be attributed to in a standing position. an infectious cause. In each instance it The medical term for this anomalous was established that neither cardiac nor condition of the head of this calf is re­ parasitic disease contributed to the ferred to as diprosopus tetrophthalmus. cough which was usually the principal Dr. James D. Grossman, of the de­ sign of the infection. partment of anatomy, is making a study Some effort has been made to ap­ of the anatomical structure of the calf. praise the efficiency of inhalation ther­ Since the death of this calf was no apy as an adjunct or replacement of the SPRING, 1952 45 systemic administration of antibiotics the past year have been contacted con­ for respiratory infections. The clinical cerning the subsequent health of the course of some 40 respiratory infections treated animal. has been noted and compared with simi­ The results of the administartion of lar cases of recent years. The sole dif­ antibiotics by inhalation have been, in ference in the therapeutical regimen for my opinion, very encouraging. The these two groups of cases, separated clinical course of our respiratory in­ chronologically, was the additional, or fections, on the basis of the criteria de­ in some instances, substituted use of scribed, has been definitely shortened. inhalation administration of the anti- The percentage of recurrent cases is infective medicant. lower than our previous experience in The depression of cough has been the treatment of respiratory infections used as the main criteria for evaluating of dogs. Our experience with antibiotic our experience with inhalation therapy. inhalation to date encourages a wider While the dog was confiend to the hos­ application of this method of treatment pital, it was the daily practice to at­ to instances of mild respiratory infec­ tempt to elicit cough by tracheal palpa­ tions that have not been hospitalized in tion. It was only when dogs no longer the past. The case of administering coughed with this stimulus that treat­ medicants in this manner encourage its ment was stopped. Many of the owners application for other drugs as well as of dogs that have been treated during more frequent daily treatments.

Wegener Herd-DHIA "tops" Henry Wegener & Sons' 32 Holsteins (Lilac that helps maintain herd health and weight, Hills Farm, Ingleside, Illinois) produced an produces record production, aids in better average of 15,410 lbs. of milk with 589 lbs. pre-natal feeding, helps develop top-notch butterfat on a twice-a-day milking in the replacements and keeps cows in the milk 1951 DHIA Lake county No. 3 association. line longer for bigger profits. The Wegeners feed an all-purpose ration The Wegeners know that many factors enter into the building of a money­ making herd. But, not the least of these is sound feed bolstered, fortified and enriched with extra sources of vitamins, io­ dine, major and trace minerals thru Viamineral Supplement. 20 years on Viamineral Dr. George W. Jensen, Anti­ och, Illinois, started the Weg­ ener Holsteins on Viamineral Supplement in 1932. Dr. Jen­ sen has never been sorry he suggested Viamineral feeding. Write for the outstanding Wegener feed formula, litera­ ture and prices on Viamineral Supplement. Vitamineral Products Co., (Since 1915) Peoria 3, Illinois 46 SPECULUM

DEEP LITTER many of the birds had numerous as­ (Continued from Page 21) carids and were heavily parasitized, ments strongly indicate that the oocysts about half of them had below ten as­ of coccidia and ova of parasites are not carids per bird, with several having no destroyed by the action of the litter. In ascarids or only one. the first and second experiment the data The old built-up litter on which only presented show that parasite ova (As­ young birds have been reared did not caridia lineata, Heterakis gallinae, and seem to present as great a problem as Capillaria retusa) and oocysts hEimeria far as nematode parasites were con­ tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima) cerned. There did not seem to be a great were present in the litter. These para­ build up of parasites in this litter and sitic forms were viable as shown by the in the third experiment the parasites presence on post-mortem examination were few in numbers. But coccidiosis of the adult parasites and coccidia in the still presented a problem. If there were intestinal tracts of the birds reared on few oocysts in the litter then the birds the litter. In the third experiment the developed little or no immunity so that litter lay idle for ten weeks during the when rainy weather prevailed and the coldest part of the winter. aMny of the buildings became damp then the coccidia ova and oocysts evidently were destroy­ problem became acute. This happened ed as shown by the fewer parasites in all experiments, especially in the found in the birds reared on the litter. third experiment where after the spring In pens 1 and 2 there were still many rains had started, and the atmosphere parasites but in pens 3, 4, and 5 the became moist the coccidiosis problem parasites were few. increased with many birds dying from Rearing young chicks on the same acute cecal and chronic intestinal coc­ litter that old hens have used can con­ cidiosis. If the old built-up litter, on which only young chickens have been stitute a very grave parasite problem. reared, does not contain large numbers Hens that have parasites are constantly of ascarid ova the problem is not too contaminating the litter with ova and great. But there is always the potential oocysts so that the baby chicks placed danger of a build-up of ova and oocysts on this hen litter are very susceptible to cause great parasite damage and to both nematode parasites and coccidia. deaths to some flocks or to cause a very In pens 1 and 2, which contained built- irregular development in the broilers up hen litter, the parasite problem was with some in fair condition and others almost acute. Parasites were so numer­ very poor and weak. It is well to as­ ous in some birds that they occluded the sume that if chickens are reared on the lumen of the intestine. Several of the litter for twelve weeks without oldef birds at the end of twelve weeks were parasitized hens having been on the so heavily parasitized that at least six litter then the nematode problem, prob­ or seven inches of the intestine were ably will not be too great from the build almost solidly packed with ascarids. up of parasite ova. One bird had 70 ascarids packed in a piece of intestine six inches long. Many Dust was one of the difficulties and of the birds in pens 1 and 2 had between problems in connection with built-up 100 and 150 ascarids, with several hav­ litter. During the experiments, there ing 190. It is also interesting to note, was a great deal of dust in the build­ in the same pens, that even though ing. Whenever the birds moved or an old infection calf scours (dysenteria neonatorum) ; often terminal, highly communicable, difficult to control, and often disastrous to dairy herds regardless of sanitary conditions. the new treatment broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy with Terramycin "For treatment, 200 mg. of terramycin orally each day for three days; for prophylaxis (of new born) 100 to 200 mg. once, before or with the first or second feeding."1 the result "Terramycin was given orally for three days. None of the sick (15) died. Recovery took place within a few hours."1 Special Terramycin preparations for veterinary medicine are available for the topical and systemic treatment of shipping fever, foot rot, calf scours, pneumonia, primary and secondary complications of distemper, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, cystitis, nephritis, feline infectious rhinitis, peritonitis, boils, furuncles, abscesses, and other Terramycin-sensitive infections. 1. Kafka, H.: N. Am. Vet. 32:826 (Dec.) 1951.

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TABLE III CHECKOF PARASITES IN LITTER AND CHICKENS-Experimen t 3

PARASITIC BURDEN IN PARASITIC ANALYSIS OP BUILT-UP CHICKENS REARED ON LITTER AND CONTROLS BUILT-UP LITTER AND ON CONTROLS Ova per Mites and ova Av. worm burden Species of gram litter per gram lit. in chickens coccidia present gains—1b . TYPE OF Chickens * mite s retus a retus a gallina e gallina e lineat a LITTER lineat a weigh t o f acervulin a maxim a tenell a Averag e Eimeri a Heteraki s Ascaridi a Capillari a Eimeri a Numbe r Mortalit y Capillari a Scavenge r Mit e ov a Eimeri a Ascaridi a Heteraki s

Built-up PEN 1 litter 63 25 0 4125 637 29 0 0 p P P 30 6 2.7 Built-up PEN 2 litter 75 37 0 4912 875 28 0 0 p P P 30 7 2.2 Built-up PEN 3 litter 87 25 0 7062 525 0.6 0 0 p P P 30 2 2.1 Built-up PEN 4 litter 87 13 0 6687 662 0 0 0 p P P 30 8 2.3 Built-up PEN 5 litter 50 0 0 4300 562 0.2 0 0 p P P 30 10 2.5 Control PEN 6 wire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p P P 30 1 2.8 Control deep PEN 7 shavings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p P P 30 6 2.5 Control PEN 8 shavings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p P P 30 10 2.6 Control PEN 9 corn cobs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p P P 30 6 2.5 Control PEN 10 battery- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N 30 3 3.5 P—Positive N—Negative scratched in the litter, small clouds of extremely strong. On these damp days, dust were raised. It laid thick over ev- when the fumes were excessively'strong, erything, such as screens, doors, floors, they in combination with the dust made and at the end of each experiment all it almost impossible to stay in the build- the equipment was deeply coated. The ing and turn the litter because of the spread of coccidia, throughout the pens, irritating effect on the respiratory or- evidently was caused by occysts being gans. While turning the litter, and carried along on the dust particles. weighing the birds at the end of each Ammonia fumes were another prob- experiment, the combination of dust lem along with dust. When the weather and ammonia fumes were stifling, caus­ was cool and dry the ammonia fumes ing quite an irritation to respiratory were not excessive. On certain days, es- system of anyone in the house for any pecially when the weather was damp, length of time. The birds in the pens the ammonia fumes in the building were also had respiratory difficulties for they LOOK TO THE COLUMBUS SERUM CO for your POULTRY and other Veterinary Supplies

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THE COLUMBUS SERUM COMPANY A Everything for the Veterinarian MEMBER 2025 S. High Box 942, 130 S. West St. COLUMBUS 7, OHIO LIMA, OHIO Phone: GArfield 1155 Phone: 97056 SPRING, 1952 51 coughed and rasped a great deal when Treatment: the ammonia fumes and dust were There are numerous reports in the heavy. literature that sulfonamides and peni­ References: cillin therapy are without benefit. Strep­ KENNARD, D. C.,AND CHAMBEELIN, 1947. Lime Treatment of Floor Litter for Chickens. tomycin and aureomycin have been re­ Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta. Farm and Home Re­ ported as helpful. Our observations search 32:11-14. have been that none of the antibiotics KENNARD, D. C, AND CHAMBERLIN, V. D., 1948. or chemotherapeutic agents have sig­ Built-up Litter as Source of Dietary Factors nificantly altered the course of the dis­ Essential for the Growth of Chickens. Poul­ try Science 27: 240-243.ffl ease and that the best line of therapy is KENNARD, D. C, AND CHAMBERLIN, V. D., 1948. forced feeding and supporting meas­ Built-up Litter to Date. Ohio Agric. Exp. ures. Dr. Clark of our Department of Sta. Farm and Home Research 22: 130-135. Physiology has been extremely suc­ KENNARD, D. C, AND CHAMBERLIN, V. D., 1949. cessful in administering this therapy Built-up Floor Litter Sanitation and Nutri­ through the use of a human ureteral tion. Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta. Farm and Home Research 34: 162-166.ffl catheter passed through the nose of the KOUTZ, F. R., 1948. Immunity Studies in Avian cat, following nasal instillation of 1 per Cecal Coccidiosis. II. The Use of Deep Litter cent pontocaine, and employed as a and Hydrated Lime Treated Litter in the stomach tube. Development of Immunity of Young Chick­ ens. Poultry Science 27: 793-797. In closing, one point merits empha­ KOUTZ, F. R., 1952. The Effect of Built-up Lit­ sis : Cats recovering from initial in­ ter on the Parasite Ova and Oocysts of Poul­ fection may exacerbate at any time and try. Poultry Science 31: 123-126. are capable of spreading the disease. Clients should be educated concerning FELINE PNEUMONITIS this fact to remove blame from the vet­ (Continued from Page 7) erinary hospital as being the initial the virus persists and is capable of man­ source of the infection. A careful his­ ifesting itself in active disease at any tory regarding past attacks of coughing time that a change of environment of­ and sneezing should be obtained in or­ fers sufficient physiological insult. der to prevent spread of the agent by Differential Diagnosis: carrier animals to other feline patients The disease must be differentiated in the hospital. from Feline Infectious Enteritis (Pan­ 1. BAKER ,J. A.: "A Virus Obtained from a leukopenia) which may be summarized Pneumonia of Cats and Lts Possible Rela­ as a severe rapidly fatal disease char­ tion to the Cause of Atypical Pneumonia in acterized by vomiting and often a pro­ Man," Science 96 (1942) : Pp. 475-476. fuse diarrhea and high mortality. A low 2. , "A Virus Causing Pneumonia in Cats and Producing Elementary Bodies." leukocyte count, hypothermia in later J. Exper. Med. 79 (1944) : PP. 159-172. stages, and absence of respiratory 3. , "Infectious Pneumonitis in Cats." symptoms are common clinical observa­ Proc. 18th Annual Meeting American Hos­ tions. Catarrhal exudation and the pital Association, May (1951) : PP. 273­ presence of inclusion bodies in the up­ 278. per small intestine are characteristic 4. BLAKE, FRANCIS G., HOWARD, MARION E., evidence. AND TATLOCK, HUGH: "Feline Virus Pneu­ monia and Its Possible Relation to Some Cats of all ages are affected but our Cases of Primary Atypical Pneumonia in clinical cases have been primarily adult Man." Yale Journal of Biology and Medi­ non-castrate males. cine 15 (1942-43) : Pp. 139-166. DESIGNED FOR YOU "EQUAL TO ANOTHER PAIR OF HANDS''

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5. HAMRE, D., AND RAKE, G.: "Feline Pneu­ sixty acre farm for the last high school monitis (Baker), A New Member of the year and for the two years following Lymphogranuloma - Psittacosis Group of Agents." J. Infect. Dis. 74 (1944) : Pp. until the Army called. During this pe­ 206-211. riod, he possessed as many as fourteen 6. , AND , "Morphological and Purebred Hampshire sows, as well as a Other Characteristics of the Agent of Fe­ few Registered Jersey cattle and Shrop­ line Pneumonitis Grown in the Allantoic shire sheep, and along this line he won a Cavity of the Chick Embryo." J. Exper. trip to the Chicago International Live­ Med. 86 (1947: Pp. 1-6. stock Show in 1943 for winning the Lit­ 7. HILLEMAN, M. R.: "Immunological Stud­ ies on the Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma tle International General Livestock Group of Viral Agents." J. Infect. Dis. 76 judging contest here at Ohio State Uni­ (1945). versity. Equally as important in Tom's 8. .MANIRE, G. P., AND MEYER, K. F.: "The life was his being selected to the State Toxins of the Psittacosis-Lymphogranulo­ Farmer's Degree in 1943, this award be­ ma Group of Agents. I. The Toxicity of Various Members of the Psittacosis-Lym­ ing second only to the American Farmer phogranuloma Venereum Group." J. In­ Degree in the FFA. fect. Dis. 86 (1950: PP. 226-232. Just as Tom is well up in the grades 9. MCKERCHER, D. G., AND SAITO, J. K.: "Fe­ line Pneumonitis in California." California bracket in Veterinary College, so was he Veterinarian 5 (1951: PP. 15-16. in High School when his accumulative 10. MOULDER, JAMES W., AND WEISS, EMIIXK grades were among the highest in his "Purification and Properties of the Agent class for his four years there. For this of Feline Pneumonitis." The Journal of accomplishment Tom was offered a four Infectious Diseases. 88 (1951) : PP. 56-67. 11. ST. JOHN, E., AND GORDON, F. B.: "Stud­ year scholarship to Ohio Wesleyan Uni­ ies on the Immunological Relationships of versity. Veterinary Medicine was the Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma Venere­ strongly in Tom's mind, however, so he um Group of Viruses." J. Infect. Dis. 80 passed up the scholarship and continued (1947) : Pp. 297-306. on with his farm to better himself finan­ 12. THOMAS, L., AND KOLB, E. M.: "Relation­ cially for his desired ambition. ship of the Virus of Cat Pneumonia (Ba­ ker) to the Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma But soon he was called into service, Group of Agents." Proc. Soc. Biol. and and a year's occupation duty in Europe Med. 54 (1943): Pp. 172-174. was in the offing for him. On his return and subsequent sepa­ ration from the service, he spent a short STUDENT NEWS time working in order to accumulate (Continued from Page 33) sufficient funds to carry on his educa­ has been marked most strongly by his tional desires. Following this interim high school period in Sabina and the he enrolled at Ohio Wesleyan University two years thereafter when he made a and began his Pre-Vet requirements. name for himself in the FFA and 4-H It was during this year that this Kap­ programs. This was during the war pa Sigma boy met the girl who was to years and Tom was among the students become his wife. Alice gave up her of that day when farming was so en­ plans to be an M.D. so she could carry couraged that student farmers had only on with Tom. a half day of school during the farming His next year brought him to Ohio seasons so that they might have time State University where he completed his to work their farms. Tom rented and Pre-Vet work and went right into Vet­ farmed, all by himself, a hundred and erinary College. 12.5% STERILE SOLUTION 6.25% SOLUTION (ORAL)

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An ardent fraternity man, Tom has there is retention and aptness to appli­ culminated this phase of his education cation rather than pure memory, easily by his recent election to the Presidency forgotten. of Alpha Psi Fraternity. This, along The examinations will be held during with his very outstanding scholastic final week and four hours will be given record here in the Veterinary College, to each of the seven fields of study. Un­ and his being very well liked and re­ fortunately final examinations for this spected by all his colleagues, makes Tom quarter must be held and they are to one of our very outstanding students of be given during the last week of sched­ today. uled classes. The catch is that we will SOPHOMORE NEWS be required to attend all classes during that week. There is considerable ques­ FRED P. SATTLER With the end of Spring Quarter in tion as to the practicability of this. sight the usual spring activities are The grading will be "Satisfactory" or getting underway. Among them are "Unsatisfactory." Any student receiv­ the JAVMA Dinner-Dance to be ing an "Unsatisfactory" will be per­ held this year in the new Ohio Union. mitted to retake the examination prior This is without question one of the best to the start of the fall quarter. The activities of the school year. Another grading system meets with unanimous all-school function will be the JAVMA approval—seems to be a step in the Picnic to be held again at the Univer­ right direction. sity Golf Course. There will also be Summary: Twenty-eight hours of ex­ several fraternity picnics and parties, aminations during the final week and and of course, the graduating senior ten hours the preceding week. Net re­ activities. sult is thirty-eight hours of examina­ As you have heard or soon will if you tions in two weeks. know a sophomore student, this is to One thing is lacking in the college be the first class to take the newly de­ that many students are in favor of is a signed 'comprehensive' examination. To rating program of the courses we have do away with all illgotten rumors, this had. Something of this nature has been is the straight stuff—sorta right from adopted in the Department of Pharma­ the horse's mouth, you know. To begin cology and Physiology. One of the best with, the purpose of the test is not to suggestions heard to date is that the sizeably reduce the compliment of the first quarter of gross anatomy be given sophomore class. It's designed to find at the beginning of the freshman year out how much we have retained of the and the second given in the third quar­ past two years work. It might be used ter of the sophomore year, rather than in two successive quarters. The reason to improve the curriculum or the teach­ given is that we would be more inter­ ing methods, etc. Of course the ground­ ested and better prepared for anatomy work is not yet laid for applying the at that time. results to the teaching end of the ques­ tion, it has been for the learning end. FRESHMAN CLASS NEWS Generally speaking the class is be­ DON GISLER, Veterinary Medicine I hind the idea. We feel it will show up For some reason, this season of the weak points which might otherwise go year produces many strange phe­ unnoticed. It will serve to set a stand­ nomenon. The trees get their new ard of learning and make certain that leaves and the grass becomes green, but 56 SPECULUM even stranger things are happening in Besides going to school, many of us veterinary medicine, the nonsmokers have homes to keep going, and wives have joined the smokers on the front and families to keep happy. So far our steps of the Lab, in order to watch the class has kept up the tradition of Vet. pretty girls go by. College, by replenishing the species. The first year of veterinary medicine The latest addition is Sue Fitch, daugh­ is almost over, we have been exposed to ter of Ken and Sue Fitch. That makes a great many new facts, and have had this year's record read 1 to 2 in favor to study hard. I think we all agree, we of the girls. Congratulations to you all. have learned more in the past few Not many have noticed, but each day months than we ever thought possible. Jerry Wills' hair turns a brighter shade For the rest of our college days and for of red. It will do so until July 14, when the rest of our lives we will need to use he makes Jo Ann Hemmert, Mrs. Wills. this basic knowledge. Much happiness to you both. The grape By the end of this spring quarter we vine says that Fred Leininger and Hal will have completed 16 hours of gross Bloom each have matrimonial ideas. anatomy, 8 hours histology, 4 hours of The class standing for the first two embryology, 10 hours physiology, 3 quarters has been posted, they are as hours pharmacology, 5 hours bacteri­ follows: Arthur Freeman, Stewart ology and 6 hours of physiological chem­ Hughes, Jim Gabel, Wynn Easterly, and istry. One of our more recent courses, John Long, these men hold the top five and more interesting, because we work positions. Good work fellows. with live dogs, is pharmacology. The course is designed to familiarize us with the different anesthetics and their af­ fects on live animals. FACULTY PARADE The annual "Fun Night" has come (Continued from Page 25) and gone, but not forgotten. The fresh­ which have been visited include: The men's contribution to the night of stu­ Cuyahoga County Veterinary Medical dent reign and faculty squirming was Association, The West Central, The very entertaining. Jack Wilt as fresh­ North Central, The Northwestern, The men M.C. first introduced an ensemble Loraine County, The Summit County, of guitars, banjo, washboard, and jugs. The Stark County, and the newly They beat, blew and picked out two formed organizations of veterinarians numbers. Fred Hall portrayed Dr. located in Holmes and Wayne counties. Mauger giving one of his lectures. Rod­ ney Burroughs and Marvin Cain did a hill-billy skit and sang "Temptation." It has been estimated that $25,000,­ Ed Immke and Fred Leininger pre­ 000 is lost annually as the result of sented a pantomime of the record "John bruises, cripplings, and deaths of ani­ and Marcia." Bob Dunton was a tubest mals on farms and in transit to market. from South America. We ended with a Most of the loss is borne directly or in­ splendid pantomine of Al Jolson by Gil­ directly by the producer. The producer bert Papay. We owe a lot to Louis Hues­ cannot eliminate all of the loss, but mann and Dr. D. 0. Jones, faculty through more careful handling of ani­ leader, and every one else who helped mals on the farm this needless waste to make the night a success. can be reduced. SPRING, 1952 57 SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY (Continued from Page 11) manually dilating the vaginal canal which is an unhygienic, painful pro- cedure occasionaly leading to further Bflflin BELT difficulty. We have found that in such instances an incision in the dorsal com- missure of the vulva one-half to three- SuppLy fourths inch long will enlarge the ex- Producers of ternal orifice sufficiently to correct the condition. This incision is made per­ "GRAIN BELT" manent by suturing the skin to the ANTI-HOG CHOLERA SERUM mucous membrane on each side. 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VETERINARY

ULFATHALIDINE ® phthalylsulfathiazole Just one dose daily of SULFATHALIDINE® phthalylsulfathiazole is remarkably effective SUPPLIED: in curtailing losses from swine enteritis. No. 2264—4.0-Gm. (6O-gr. ) tablets Given orally, SULFATHALIDINE is nontoxic, (slotted), bottles of 100 and 500. since less than 5% is absorbed and over 95% of No. 2261—0.5-Gm. (7.7-gr ) tablets its antibacterial action is in the intestinal tract. (slotted), bottles of 100 and 1,000. Thus, administration of SULFATHALIDINE No. 2267 —Vi-lb. and 1-lb. bottle1 s of results in smaller dosage, more economical powder. treatment.

TRIPLE SULFONAMIDE SUSPENSION 'BOVI WITH KAOLIN Given orally, 'BOVIMIDE', new triple sulfon­ amide suspension, is equally effective in Each 100 cc. of 'BOVIMIDE' contains: treatment of swine enteritis, or when used SULFATHALIDINEIS) prophylactically where the disease is en- phthalylsulfathiazole. . . . 6.8 Gm. demic. It provides the bacteriostatic action Sulfamerazine . . . . 0.6 Gm. of SULFATHALIDINE, sulfamerazine and sulfa- Sulfamethazine 0.6 Gm. methazine, plus protective, adsorbent kaolin. Kaolin 10.0 Gm. Supplied: No. 2357—Bottles of 16 fluid- Alcohol 5% ounces.

,SHARP VETERINARY DIVISION *D0HME PHILADELPHIA 1, PA. BRANCHES: Atlanta, Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia, Denver, Memphis, Los Angeles, Columbus, Boston, Chicago, Kansas City, San Francisco, Portland, Dallas, St. Louis, New Orleans, Minneapolis. SPRING, 1952

FACULTY IN REVIEW OTS NEWS JOHN TOTH, Veterinary Medicine HI (Continued from. Page 37) JOHN NEWTON SHOEMAKER was born the June date of the National AVMA in Utica, N. Y. on March 17, 1873. He convention. May 10 brings the Senior received his degree Doctor of Veteri­ Send-Off Dance, an annual favorite on nary Medicine in June 1912 and was the social calender, to be held this year employed by the office of the state vet­ at the Columbus Riding Club. On May erinarian for the summer of 1912. He 24, something new is being added in the became an assistant in the college of form of a tri-fraternity pinic and dance veterinary medicine, Ohio State Uni­ combination. Omega Tau Sigma to­ versity in the autumn of 1912 and re­ gether with a Law fraternity and a mained there until 1935, when, due to Medical fraternity will begin what we ill health, he was retired as professor firmly hope will develop in a yearly tra­ emeritus. Dr. Shoemaker was the first dition, serving to further develop inter- to serve as the ambulatory clinician at professional college relationships. Ohio State and was an outstanding teacher in his field. He served as Presi­ Our new executive body has been duly dent of the Ohio State Veterinary Medi­ elected and sworn in and to the follow­ cal Association in 1932, and was a mem­ ing go our congratulations: President, ber of the AVMA for twenty-one years. Bill Roenigk; Vice-president, Tom Gig­ He died April 26, 1943. liotti; Secretary, Ray Houk; Treasurer, Earl Lindsay.

DR. WALTER R. HOBBS was born in By way of reminders let's not forget Cortland, Ohio, May 31, 1882. He en­ that the new Omega Tau Sigma pledge tered the College of Veterinary Medi­ booklets are now available. They con­ cine at Ohio State University in 1911 tain a wealth of fraternal knowledge and received the Doctor of Veterinary and ideally serve to acquaint the aumni Medicine degree in June, 1914. He was and active alike with the workings of the fraternity. Omega Tau Sigma appointed to the faculty of the College Gamma Chapter will be the host to the of Veterinary Medicine in 1914 as Grand Concil Meeting next year so let's House Surgeon. He gradually was in­ do it up big and make Gamma long re­ creased in rank until he became a full membered by our visiting brothers. professor in 1932. His first duties were in the field of surgery, but later he To the graduating brothers, Gamma specialized in diseases of small animals. Chapter and Omega Tau Sigma wish He was Secretary of the College of Vet­ their fraternal best in whatever their erinary Medicine 1929-1947 ond served undertaking. Your fraternity stands as Acting Dean of the College 1945­ always ready to welcome you home and 1946. He was Secretary of the Ohio hopes that you will often return to en­ State Veterinary Medical Association joy the fraternal fellowship you have from 1924-1929. He died October 24, helped to build. 1947.

Tonsillectomy snares are handy in the Vitamin A deficiency in farm animals Harderian gland operation of the dog's is likely to appear during winter eye. Less hemorrhage follows than months. For this reason, manufactured when scissors are employed. feeds are fortified with Vitamin A. 60 SPECULUM

FUN NIGHT-1952 R. D. Burns, carried off the presentation ED BOWLUS, Veterinary Medicine III of faculty awards in superlative man­ It was with mingled fear and curi­ ner. We noticed that the faculty appre­ osity that we anticipated Fun Night ciated these awards so much they could 1952; fear lest the take-offs and jokes not even wait until the program was might be akin to former years, and over to get rid of them. curiosity, or maybe hope, that there The Senior Class took off "South Pa­ might be some change—for the better, cific," as well as a few other things, and that is. The biggest room in the world ended their Fun Night career amidst a is the room for improvement, and one flurry of dead pigeons. Their clever ar­ of the biggest improvements in Fun rangement of songs was thoroughly en­ Night 1952 was the inclusion of the joyed by all the audience. band which welded all of Fun Night into The Fun Night Program this year a well integrated program. showed a lot of thorough planning, Freshman Jack Wilt started their downright hard work, and excellent co­ program off by introducing their hill­ operation on the part of all the fellows billy band of eight members. This was involved, from committee chairman followed by the skit of "Dr. Mauger's right on down the line. In the vernacu­ Enterprises." When Fred Hall came lar of one of our well liked professors, out on the stage and stood beside the "taken as a whole" the Fun Night of list of Dr. Mauger's various endeavors 1952 was excellent audience entertain­ it took me a few seconds to realize that ment. it was not Dr. Mauger himself. Fred's actions and character portrayal of Dr. Mauger was one of the highlights of the FELINE TECHNIQUES Freshman contribution. The Al Jolson (Continued from Page 13) pantomime, a skit removed from profes­ sorial ridicule, was cleverly performed day. Using the same methods on fats by Gil Papay. I feel future Fun Nights and carbohydrate, we find that a 10 could be expanded in this fashion. pound cat needs 50 grams of carbohy­ drate and 15 grams of fat per day. Mail Order Veterinarian, the Sopho­ To these nutrients vitamins and min­ more skit led by Karl Grady and his erals are added. cohorts, rose to the heights and plunged to the depths on Haver-Glover jokes. The entire amount can be dissolved Maybe this mail order course could be in a suitable vehicle and administered distributed to future embryo veterinari­ by a stomach tube. It is usually best not ans so that they could be spared the full to give over 50 cc. of liquid at each six years of slavery. feeding. If more is given emesis may result. Using the technique just de­ The Juniors opened with a skit that scribed, cats have been maintained in might well have made early movie his­ reasonable health for several weeks. tory. Marv Maxon's own nervousness, due to only one week's actual practice at home, tended to add to the hilarity of Dr. Rudy's baby tending technique. It One sure way to get your wife to re­ was so effective that I understand Dr. turn home from a visit is to send her a Rudy had the fidgets for the next few copy of the local newspaper with one days in surgery. Our own pastor, Rev. item cut out. CONGRATULATION!!, SENIORS!

. . . for your successful completion of six years of veterinary education, and every wish for a successful COMMENCE­ MENT in your professional career.

Our institution, one of veterinarians, offers you a gen­ erous WELCOME into the veterinary profession, one of the most rapidly advancing professions of them all. No profes­ sion had a longer row to hoe, or has done a better job, than ours, and a salute is in order to those far-sighted men who so tirelessly have devoted their life's work to pulling the profession by the bootstraps to its present place of dignity and respect.

There is more work to do, so let's all pull together as a profession second to none.

Producers of Better Biologicals [or Graduate Veterinarians ASH E LOCKHART, INC.

800-804 WOODSWETHER ROAD KANSAS CITY 6, MISSOURI Here s the reason we ask such a direct question: ^inee we first put Anthol on the market several months ago. we've received such fine reports from practitioners about it that we think you should have the full story. Veterinarians around the nation agree that Anthol "tops them all in ridding dogs of tapeworms, roundworms, whipworms and hookworms! There is no waiting for results with Anthol . . . these little green capsules give dramatic action . . . removing tapeworms within an hour . . . hookworms, roundworms. and ascarids will be passed for several days. \ou don't starve the dog when you use Anthol! Instead, a light milk feeding is advised before administering Anthol. After treatment, regular feeding may be resumed immediately. Anthol is sized to fit the dog! Four handy sizes are available . . . one for each body weight range. You 11 find Anthol extremely convenient . . . so order a trial supply today from your nearest Jen-Sal depot or agent. Jensen-Salsbery Laboratories, Inc., Box 167. Kansas Citv 10. Missouri.

ANTHOL NO. ANTHOL NO 3 15 Capmltt

for Dogs over 2 0 Pounds Body Weijkt ANTHOL NO. 2 25 JSH9R Capjulsi for Dogs 11 to 20 Pounds Body W ANTHOL NO. 4 CAPSULE contain', ANTON HV and Toluol 3 0 a U. S. PATENT ,1.55; iSt inch ANTHOL NO. 3 CAPSULE tontains: far Dogs 6 to 10 Pound; Body Weight mg. and Toluol 2 0 cc. FOR REMOVAL OF CANINE TAPEWORMS nl MTHOl No. 2 CAPSULE ccnlgfci M«S FOI REMOVAL OF CANINE TAPEWORM? ASCARIDS, HOOKWORMS AND ASCARIDS, HOOKWORMS AND WHIPWORMS. (at (flibexflic DC id melhyl Biter) 4* mg. mi '; „ Dogs of 4-5 Pounds Body Weight WHIPWORMS. 1.0 <(. See Side Panels for D-rechor-. aid Oosogc. 1,1 JNIHOt Bo 1 Copuj!f , m!r. iOJ BEMOVAt OF CANINE TAPEWOWM SIhELiN 23 5 me and 1 'Ml C-S S«e Side Pontli for D;r