Name PF8 Per. _____ Gr. __ Roll #

BODY COMPOSITION, WEIGHT CONTROL &

People have different body types due to their specific genetic makeup from their parents and grandparents. Roundness and softness of the body characterize a pure endomorph. A square body with hard, rugged, prominent muscles characterizes a pure mesomorph. Slim, fragile, and delicate are boy characteristics of a pure ectomorph. You are more likely a combination of two types. Everyone is born with a tendency toward a certain basic body type. Staying lean will be more difficult for individuals with endomorphic characteristics. Your body weight consists of and body fat. Lean body mass is muscle tissue and other non-fat tissue such as , ligaments, and tendons. Body fat is just that. A point to remember is lean muscle mass weighs more than the same amount of fat tissue. How much you weigh is not as important as you actual . Ideal body weight means how much you would weight if you had an acceptable percentage of body fat. An acceptable percentage of body fat for the average person is estimated to be 16 percent for males and 20 percent for females. Four methods are commonly used for testing body fat: (1) underwater weighing; (2) analysis by electrical impedance; (3) skinfold measurements; and (4) measurement of body circumference. Underwater weighing and analysis by electrical impedance are thought to be the most accurate means for testing boy fat. Skinfold measurement uses a tool called a skinfold caliper to measure the thickness of a fold of skin and its underlying layer of fat. Approximately half of your body fad is located deep within your body. The other half is found underneath your skin and muscles. Today, weight control is a major health problem in the United States. It is estimated that more than half the adults in this country are . People with excessive fat have a higher risk of developing medical problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease, , , and kidney disorders, which may decrease life expectancy. There is a close association between overweight people and heart attacks. Overweight individuals are those who exceed their desirable body weight by 10 percent, according to height and weight charts. Obese people are those who have more body fat than they should have. There are three major periods in your life when fat cells are primarily period in your life when fat cells are primarily formed: (a) during the last month of fetal development; (b) during the first year of life; and (c) during the growth spurt of adolescence. Once you reach adulthood, your total number of fat cell becomes permanently established. Fat children and teenagers are more likely to be fat adults because they have developed more fat cells which makes it easier to get fat from then on. A calorie is a measure of energy the body is able to produce from food. Each pound of weight contains approximately 3,500 calories. Males between the ages of 12 and 18 need from 2,500 and 3,000 calories a day. Females in the same age range need 2,000 to 2,400 calories a day. To reach your ideal body weight you must balance what you eat (caloric intake) against what your body uses (caloric output). or can be achieved by (1) changing caloric intake; (2) changing caloric output; or (3) a combination of the two. Because of the emphasis placed on weight control in our society, some basic misconceptions have developed about and weight control. The following facts should help correct some of the most common misconceptions among teenagers. You cannot lose a large amount of weight overnight by exercising. The only thing you will lose by sweating is water. As soon as you take a drink this weight is replaced. Losing real body fat takes time. There is no such thing as spot reduction. You cannot lose weight in one specific location. Exercising will tone the muscle but will not remove the fat from that spot. Increased exercise is not followed by an increase in appetite. Exercise actually tends to decrease your appetite. Exercising is extremely important but what you eat is also crucial to how you look and feel. A truly balanced diet does not eliminate any of the basic food categories. Eating four servings from the milk group, two servings from the meat group, four servings from the fruit and vegetable group, and four servings from the bread and cereal group each day provides you all the necessary nutrients.

Study Questions

Vocabulary Matching: Place the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.

_____ 1. Creeping A. Excessive accumulation of body fat. _____ 2. Lean body mass B. Muscle tissue, , ligaments, and tendons. _____ 3. Obese C. Exceeds proper body weight by 10% according to height/weight charts. ____ 4. Body types D. Gaining fat very slowly over a period of years. ____ 5. Overweight E. Slow, gradual weight reduction ____ 6. Calorie F. Physical classification of the ____ 7. Long haul concept G. Increase in the size of existing fat cells. ____ 8. Ideal body weight H. Measure of energy that the body is able to produce from food I. Your weight with an acceptable percentage of body fat

Short Answer: Fill in blank with the best answer.

1. What body type do roundness and softness characterize?

2. When adults grow fatter, what increases?

3. What is the best method for permanent weight control?

4. What method of weight reduction results in the loss of lean tissue?

5. Name the widely held myth that exercise will remove fat from selected body parts?