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Political and Bureaucratic Corruption During President Jacob Zuma's First Term in Office: Causes, Consequences and Measurement

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Political and Bureaucratic Corruption During President Jacob Zuma's First Term in Office: Causes, Consequences and Measurement Political and Bureaucratic Corruption During President Jacob Zuma’s First Term in Office: Causes, Consequences and Measurements. By Godslove Zama Asanda Zindela (206507753) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Master’s Degree in Political Science (Course work 60%), School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, University of KwaZulu Natal Pietermaritzburg Campus. 2015 Supervisor: Dr. Khondlo Mtshali i Declaration I, Godslove Zama Asanda Zindela, declare that: i) The research reported in this dissertation, except where otherwise indicated, is my original work. ii) This dissertation has not been submitted for any degree or examination at any other university. iii) This dissertation does not contain other persons’ data, pictures, graphs or other information, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other persons. iv) This dissertation does not contain other persons’ writing, unless specifically acknowledged as being sourced from other researchers. Where other written sources have been quoted, then: a) their words have been re-written but the general information attributed to them has been referenced; b) where their exact words have been used, their writing has been placed inside quotation marks, and referenced. v) Where I have reproduced a publication of which I am an author, co-author or editor, I have indicated in detail which part of the publication was actually written by myself alone and have fully referenced such publications. vi) This dissertation does not contain text, graphics or tables copied and pasted from the Internet, unless specifically acknowledged, and the source being detailed in the dissertation and in the references section. Signature: _________________________ Date: _______________________________ ii Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my precious daughter, Philasande Siphokazi Zindela; she has been a motivating factor throughout my postgrad studies. My grandmother, Ms E Cele who by God’s grace has lived to see me be the example she always believed I would be (Ngiyakuthanda salukazi sami). I also dedicate this work, in loving memories, to my grandfather Mr B Zindela (the late), my aunt, Ms Fikile Zindela (the late), and my uncle, Mr Bonga Zindela (the late). I wish you would have lived to see me become the young lady I am today and be proud to call me your child (I will always love you). My aunts Thandi and Thobekile Zindela without you I wouldn’t have become the woman I am today, your efforts are not unnoticed. Lastly but not least, my wonderful parents, Mr Lungisani Zindela and Mrs Jabulile Zindela, who have not ceased to give me their limitless support to further my studies, they never said I should stop just because they couldn’t support me financially, they continued to put me in their prayers and gave me hope. iii Acknowledgements It would be proper to start by expressing how grateful I am to God for never leaving my side throughout my academic career. I would like to acknowledge Dr Ayo Whetho, Dr Alison Jones, Dr Mjabuliseni Ngidi, Mr Langelihle Malimela, Mr Sanele Nene and Mr Sakiemi Idoniboye-Obu for their academic guidance and for being an encouragement as well as leading by example. My family for their unconditional love and support, I truly am appreciative and I don’t take lightly the sacrifices you had to make for me to be where I am today. My brothers, Andile, Lihle, Mfanafuthi, Sphephelo, Menelisi, Samukelo, Simiso, Aphiwe and Wandile Zindela, I hope you guys will take this as a challenge and you will realize that without education the future is bleak. I am very grateful for my classmates and friends as they have had a great academic and social contribution in my life, Nokulunga Luthuli, Noluthando Phungula, Silindile Shabalala, Samukelisiwe Dube, Thabisile Gwamanda, Faith Sithole, Silindile Bombo, Philisiwe Makhaye, Thulani Mazibuko, Msawenkosi Khumalo, Siyanda Kheswa, Sakhile Hadebe, Mlungisi Phakathi, Siyabonga Dlamini, Mpumelelo Phungula, Thabani Chagi and Ayanda Mdletshe, it has been a remarkable experience the robust academic debates and great laughter we shared will never be forgotten. I hope we remain friends even after varsity. The PhumalaniM Foundation, home of the positive minded, I hope this inspires and motivates every member. May we continue to make education fashionable and be the ultimate trendsetters. To my colleagues, Prof S Moyo, Dr B Dzwairo, Ms Zanele Shandu and Ms Sibusiwe Cele thank you for the constant reminder that education is the most powerful weapon we can have and we must grab it with both hands. Lastly but not least my supervisor, Dr Khondlo Mtshali, your support, excellent mentoring, guidance and your persistence in bringing out the best researcher, critical reader and writer in me does not go unnoticed. At time I felt like giving up but you never let me, I wouldn’t have done this without you. It has been an absolute pleasure working with you. iv Abstract Political and bureaucratic corruption is at the core of the South African political debate in the current juncture. The suggestion that there has been failure by government to deal with political corruption is popular and critics of the ruling party have been vocal in that regard. The effectiveness of the constitutional measures to curb political corruption has also been frequently questioned in South Africa. What triggers this research is the desire to ascertain whether corruption levels have changed during President Zuma’s tenure. Using qualitative methods of research which involves examining, analyzing and interpreting various secondary data, this study focuses on current South African affairs, particularly President Zuma’s tenure, exploring the root causes and examining the consequences of political corruption. Establishing the causes and consequences of corruption is of much importance in the study of corruption as remedies for reducing incidences of corruption stem from such studies. While measuring corruption has proven to be a challenging task in the study of corruption, the need to further interrogate the methods of measuring corruption is significant for understanding and testing theories related to corruption. To achieve its objectives, this dissertation looks into incidences or cases of political corruption in South Africa during President Zuma’s tenure in order to establish the damaging effects of political corruption as well as the effectiveness of the government in dealing with such cases. v List of abbreviations and acronyms ADS African Defence Systems AG Auditor General AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ANC African National Congress ANCYL African National Congress Youth League APRM African Peer Review Mechanism ARF African Renaissance and International Co-Operation Fund BPI Bribe Payers Index CCB Civilian Co-operations Bureau CEO Chief Electoral Office CODESA Convention for a Democratic South Africa COSATU Congress of South African Trade Unions COPE Congress of the People CPI Corruption Perception Index DA Democratic Alliance DG Director General DIRCO Department of International Relations and Cooperation DOD Department of Defence DPW Department of Public Works DSD Department of Social Development EFF Economic Freedom Fighters ESCOM Electricity Supply Commission GCB Global Corruption Barometer vi GP Gauteng Province HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus ID Identity Document HSRC Human Science Research Council IDASA Institute for Democracy in South Africa IEC Independent Electoral Commission IFP Inkatha Freedom Party INGO International Non-governmental Organization KZN KwaZulu Natal MK Umkhonto WeSizwe MP Member of Parliament NA National Assembly NCOP National Council of Provinces NDDP National Director of Public Prosecutions NEC National Executive Committee NGO Non-governmental Organization NIA National Intelligence Agency NP National Party NPA National Prosecuting Authority NYDA National Youth Development Agency NW North West PFMA Public Financial Management Act PP Public Protector PPPFA Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act PSC Public Service Commission vii RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SABC South African Broadcasting Corporation SACP South African Communist Party SANDF South African National Defence Force SAPS South African Police Service SARS South African Revenue Services SASSA South African Social Security Agency SCM Supply Chain Management SDPP Strategic Defence Procurement Packages SIU Special Investigation Unit TI Transparency International TRC Truth and Reconciliation Commission UDM United Democratic Movement UN United Nations UPF United Peoples Front WC Western Cape WFP World Food Programme YCLSA Young Communist League of South Africa viii Table of Contents Declaration................................................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ................................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ v List of abbreviations and acronyms ......................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................
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