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Production Pack.Pages Nawaraj Gurung 96072214 Motion Designer PRODUCTION PACK GROUP ONE Producer Katy Holehouse [email protected] 07546 029453 Director Amber Cherry [email protected] 079479 93967 Camera Maisie Middlewick [email protected] 07703 613789 Lighting / Sound Louise Stanley [email protected] 077036 13789 PA Sarah Bragg [email protected] 07507 926559 Editor Anthony Hollis [email protected] 07947 140940 Amber Cherry [email protected] 07527 608636 Motion Graphics Alexandra Binding [email protected] Nawaraj Gurung 07868 163427 Anthony Hollis Research All of the above All of the above All of the above Schedule: Tuesday 4th October - Group formed Thursday 6th October - Roles decided / topic of film chosen Thursday 13th October - Research completed / rough proposal and script outlined Tuesday 18th October - Production Pack handed in to Moodle / Formative Thursday 20th October - Script / talent finalised / CLR Friday 21st October - RECCE Monday 24th October onwards - filming Monday 7th November onwards - Editing Monday 14th November - Film submitted in to Moodle Proposal: As the title of this unit suggests we will be creating an in-depth five minute film deciphering road signs and what makes this classic everyday object a design classic. As well as bringing the history of road signs to life with archive footage we will be attempting to break down the actual design of the road signs themselves using clever motion graphics. We will also hopefully gain more insightful knowledge of signs with an interview from an industry expert and how they effect our everyday lives. Lastly we will finish our film by injecting more energy and colour by looking at how artists use road signs today and their overall impact in the design world. From the first group meetings we decided to put all the things we knew about road signs, things we wanted to know and how we envisioned our film looking onto a large sheet of paper. From this we each discovered key areas we needed to research and split theses into different categories. We then placed our names next to the area we was most interested in looking into. Below is all the research we collected. Sarah Bragg: Research on Road Signs (History/Facts) Section 64 of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984 gives this definition for a road sign: Any object or device (whether fixed or portable) for conveying, to traffic on roads or any specified class of traffic, warnings, information, requirements, restrictions or prohibitions of any description - (a)specified by regulations made by the Ministers acting jointly, or (b) authorised by the Secretary of State, and any line or mark on a road for so conveying such warnings, information, requirements,restrictions or prohibitions. The earliest known piece of legislation about signage was passed in 1697 which permitted magistrates to erect signs at crossroads to indicate the route. In 1773 the General Turnpike Act meant that trustees of various schemes were required to show the distance to the nearest towns and sometimes London. At first signs were installed by organisations such as the National Cyclist Union and the Cyclists’ Touring Club, this was then followed by the Automobile Association (AA), the Royal Automobile Club (RAC) and local motoring clubs. Early signs were mainly intended to warn cyclist of sharp corners and steep hills, with the latter showing a skull and crossbones. An example of a car warning sign was in the shape of a diamond, often advising the maximum load the bridge could carry. In 1903 there were a lot of different signs which caused a lot of confusion, especially as some signs did not serve a purpose anymore, due to this the government stepped in and created the Motor Car Act of 1903 which meant that local authorities had to erect signs only they deemed necessary. Following the Motor Car Act in 1904 the government issued a notice that warning signs would be a red triangle, the reason for this is unknown. A solid red disc would be shown above a normal sign indicating that the instruction shown is not allowed. The general speed limit was 20 MPH, but some speed limits were enforced by using a solid white disc with the speed limit place underneath. (1904) In 1919 the Ministry of Transport was created to replace the Road Board (1910). One of the first acts the Ministry created was the classification of roads. The Ministry of Transport appointed a committee to examine the use of signs on the highway. The result of this was the 1921 Memorandum. The government allowed the Ministry of Transport to make changes with out needing to pass a law through Parliament. The 1921 Memorandum was only advisory but most local authorities adopted these recommendations. In the Memorandum of 1921 signs with iconic symbols such as a torch indicating a school, were to be placed on a rectangular plate measuring 12 X 21 inches. Underneath the symbol lettering should state the danger. Most of these symbols introduced are still used today (the school torch is not used). In 1929 the first three- aspect traffic lights were installed in Wolverhampton. (Memorandum No. 297) In 1930 the Road Traffic Act meant that the Minister issued a notice advising, authorities to erect hazard signs warning some of the following: One-Way Streets, Road Junctions and Level- Crossings without Gates. In 1930 one sign the Minister asked to be made was a Dead Slow sign which was a warning and a required purpose. It was a red triangle surrounded by a red circle, their would also be a flashing beacon to warn motorists at night or in fog this was a innovative move. Also in the 1930 act was the abolition of the 20 MPH speed limit for vehicles carrying fewer than seven people. After this Act a report followed which recommend a series of new signs, which were then legalised by the regulations. Some of the signs introduced included: Road Narrows, Narrow Bridge and Roundabout. Waiting signs were introduced and were white on blue enclosed in a red circle. In 1930 it was still possible for the AA and RAC to erect signs with their initials and a logo. The AA continued to use its own design to the annoyance of the Ministry of Transport and the RAC. Therefore in 1933 the Ministry regulated the look of signs for example black and white banded post for road signs. In 1934 flashing orange globes at pedestrian crossing were introduced (called Belisha beacon, named after the Transport Minister Hore-Belsiha who introduced them). After the Second World War Aluminium Alloy began to replace Cast iron in sign construction, because it was a lighter and cheaper material to make into signs. In 1944 a report of the Departmental Committee on Traffic signs took place but it was not made law until 1950. The report of 1944 changed the look of some signs, meaning a huge cost to authorities. The 1944 report also changed the look of the number 3 where it changed from having a flat top to having a curved edge. (3 changed to 3) In 1949 the UN held a conference on road and motor transport, discussing issues which included road signs: This protocol brought UK up to date with the European practice. In 1957 there was an attempt to bring UK signs in line with the rest of Europe, an example of this was the school sign were the symbol was no longer a torch but school children carrying books. In 1957 Sir Colin Anderson produced a report which recommended a number of changes to be adopted. These recommendations included; The adoption of lower- case letters after the initial capital and a blue background the colour already used on Continental motorways. The design was given to Jock Kinneir and his assistant Margaret Calvert. By 1958 on the first stretch of motorway, the Preston Bypass (called the M6), the government felt that the normal signage used would be unsuitable for the high speed dual-carriageway roads. Due to this report the motorway signs in use today still follow recommendations from this report. One Major change was the addition of numbers to scheme signs to indicate what number the junction was. The next major report was the Worboys report in 1963, this report came about because there was mounting criticism about road signs and the confusion they could cause. Another major concern was that in an age of developed mobility across boundaries signs should be recognisable wherever you may be. A committee was established under Sir Walter Worboys to review road signs (with the exception of Motorways) with a report called the Worboys Report being published in 1963 which was a radical review of the signage used at the time and recommended a lot of changes including: Colour coding routes, the use of lower-case letters and the variation of letter size according to traffic speed (conducted research to test drivers reaction times). Between 1957 and 1967 the government hired, two designers Jock Kinneir and his assistant and former student Margaret Calvert to design a new system after a graphic designer called Herbert Spencer proved how confusing road signs could be. Kinneir and Calvert devised a rigorous signage system which coordinated the lettering, colours, shapes and symbols for Britain’s new motorways. It was a very ambitious task. John Kinneir was already one of Britain’s most accomplished graphic designers. He was born in Hampshire in 1917 and studied at Chelsea School of Art from 1935 to 1939. After the Second World War he was employed as a exhibition designer by the central office of information.
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