DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter Iii Analysis of the Advantages And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter Iii Analysis of the Advantages And CHAPTER III ANALYSIS OF THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF KOREAN REUNIFICATION AND THE JOINING OF SOUTH KOREA AND NORTH KOREA IN ONE FLAG AT THE ASIAN GAMES 2018 In carrying out an action or choosing a policy such as the restoration of diplomatic relations, there are steps that are considered very important to be carried out first before carrying out a policy, an important step is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of what policies will be chosen, this analysis technique it is highly required to be carried out first in order to take into account the benefits and losses that will be obtained if a country chooses to carry out a recovery of diplomatic relations which previously both parties had poor diplomatic relations. A. Advantages and Disadvantages of Korea Peninsula Reunification It is no longer a secret that North Korea and South Korea clash even very fiercely. If counted until 2017, the two countries have had a history of feud for 67 years. Within 67 years, of course they carried out various efforts for peace, but in each process there were still factors that caused the peace effort being carried out to find no light. The peak is in 2017, with the launch of North Korean ballistic weapons towards Japanese waters so that the action triggered a reaction from the US with various security threats posed to North Korea if they disturbed public security from the US alliance namely South Korea and Japan. About 24 million people live in a country located in the northern part of the Korean peninsula. They have very little access to the outside world. On the other hand, foreign media are also prohibited from interacting with North Korean people. They are controlled with really minimal access. North Korea's nuclear program and poor human rights records make this country isolated, especially with 30 31 international sanctions. Economic conditions are chaotic, poverty rates are rising. An observation of space shows Pyongyang disappearing in the dark, clear illustration of the chronic backwardness of the region compared to other regions. In the 14th century, the Chosun Dynasty, better known as Joseon in Korea, adopted a policy of isolation from the outside world for almost six centuries. The way it is done is to fend off invasions of foreign countries while keeping the Confucian tradition tightly held. Just like what happened in North Korea at this time, Koreans are forbidden to make contact with outsiders, also travel outside Korea. Korea itself received the embrace of the Hermit Kingdom in the 19th century. Korea's political isolation finally slowly opened. The decision did not bring blessings, because post-World War I, Korea had to surrender to Japan in 1910. The suffering continued after, when Japan lost in World War II, Korea was divided into two regions: South Korea was under US control and North Korea was under the control of the Soviet Union for a while. In North Korea, Soviet leader Josef Stalin appointed Kim Il Sung as the highest leader. Kim Il Sung ruled North Korea for approximately 50 years before being replaced by his son Kim Jong Il and then continued by his grandson who recently disappeared while Kim Jong Un, until now. The Cold War atmosphere in the early 1950s, made relations between South Korea and North Korea heated up in the aftermath of heated relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. The war took place with the support of their respective allies: South Korea was supported by the US, North Korea received Moscow support. And undoubtedly the civil war gave untold suffering to both, especially North Korea which was devastated by American-made bombs. Seeing the condition of his people like that, Kim Il Sung then developed the theory of independence which in Korean terms is called Juche. Juche then became the ideology of this nation. There are three principles that underlie this ideology: political independence, economic independence, and military autonomy. North Korea is increasingly alienated when relations between China and the 32 West improve, and are exacerbated by the collapse of the Soviet Union. There had been hope when relations with South Korea and the West had improved in the late 1990s, but that did not last long when George W. Bush included North Korea as part of the 2002 main Axis of Evil support for terrorism because of its nuclear program. The issue of the security crisis in the East Asia region was the main topic of discussion which was widely discussed by the international community. The crisis in the East Asia region is a classic crisis. From the various crises that occurred, the crisis which is currently still a central issue in the East Asia region is the crisis of the Korean Peninsula. The Korean Peninsula crisis is a legacy of the Korean War. In 2012 there was a threat from North Korea where in various reports that after North Korea reactivated its nuclear development program, America would be the next target for their nuclear test, not to mention the development because they had poor relations with South Korea as a result of the struggle territory in the past (Pratiwi, 2014). Specifically the North Korean reason for developing nuclear weapons is caused by several things. First, the use of nuclear bombs by the US, to destroy Japan at the end of World War II in a short time, was very effective in dealing with war conflicts. Second, that Kim II Sung realized the US power as a country that had become an alliance of South Korea during the Korean War. Kim realizes that the US can at any time use its nuclear weapons placed on the South Korean border to attack North Korea, in other words North Korea's policy of carrying out its nuclear program is to increase capability to rival US forces (Mansourov, 1995). In the past two decades, North Korea has been at loggerheads with the US regarding its nuclear program. This of course forces the United States to make the North Korean nuclear issue one of its foreign political agendas since 1990. Pyongyang is suspected of using the issue of its nuclear nuclear weapons (nuclear brinkmanship) as a political maneuver to increase the bargaining position in the 33 international world, especially the US and its allies. did not continue to pressure North Korea and forced the termination of US military and economic assistance to South Korea. North Korea also rejected Washington's intervention in the problem of the process of reunifying the Korean Peninsula (H. Obtar Sinaga, 2008). With the intervention of third parties as previously explained, the reunification of Korea as a goal and hope for the Korean people is unlikely to face a smooth road. The United States as an ally of South Korea always vilifies North Korea. The United States calls North Korea the axis of crime and the nest of terrorists because it often commits terror and infiltration into the territory of the South Korean government. While North Korea maintains good relations with China and Russia. However, the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, and the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, resulted in a reduction in aid to North Korea from Russia. Barry Buzan defines a regional security complex as a group of countries in an area where the main focus in the context of security is closely related between one country and another (Buzan, 2003). Although sixty years have passed since two Korean governments were established in 1948, the Korean Peninsula is still divided between the Republic of Korea (ROK / South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea). Inter-Korean relations are still characterized by mutual distrust, hatred, lack of cooperation, and ideological conflict. Cold War nuances are still felt on the Korean Peninsula. The first inter-Korean summit meeting attended by South Korean President Kim Dae-Jung and North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, in Pyongyang on June 13-15, 2000 was also one of historic momentum. The meeting resulted in an inter-Korean joint declaration on June 15, 2000, which resulted in a framework for institutionalizing peaceful coexistence between the two Korean countries. The decision of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il to attend the meeting symbolized a change in his strategic policy towards South 34 Korea. New inter-Korean peace processes continue to be carried out to build mutual trust and mutual understanding in order to create lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula. In this context, Seoul can play a role in two scenarios, namely "crash landing" or "soft landing". "Crash landing" North Korea or sudden collapse from the inside, South Korea does not want for several reasons. Seoul does not have the economic capability to absorb North Korea's fall. Given that South Korea's economy has suffered a setback several years back, Korea's unification, if it follows the German unification model, will give a severe blow to South Korea's economy, and Seoul can lose its competitive advantage in the coming years. In addition, the people of South Korea will not be able to accept the loss of economic progress as a result of rapid national unification. If North Korea's economic situation decreases, famine will spread, and international isolation will deepen, North Korean leaders will try to maintain power by creating a military crisis on the Korean Peninsula. If this situation occurs, then tensions in Korea and East Asia will increase. Harsh policy from Seoul towards Pyongyang will strengthen Pyongyang's hardline position and this could lead to open war. North Korea's political instability, poverty and social unrest will lead to the fall of North Korea.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • North Korea: a Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020
    North Korea: A Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020 May 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46349 North Korea: A Chronology of Events from 2016 to 2020 Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chronology ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1994 ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1998 ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2003 ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2005 ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2006 ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2007 ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2009 ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2011 ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Real Path to Peace on the Korean Peninsula
    A Real Path to Peace on the Korean Peninsula https://www.foreignaffairs.com/print/1122358 Home > A Real Path to Peace on the Korean Peninsula Monday, April 30, 2018 - 12:00am A Real Path to Peace on the Korean Peninsula The Progress and Promise of the Moon-Kim Summit Chung-in Moon CHUNG-IN MOON is Special Adviser for Foreign Affairs and National Security to South Korean President Moon Jae-in and a Distinguished University Professor at Yonsei University. Twelve hours in Panmunjom—the village in the demilitarized zone between North and South Korea that has long symbolized division and war—produced an unexpected miracle of peace [1] on Friday. In the Panmunjom Declaration, Moon Jae-in [2] and Kim Jong Un, the leaders of South and North Korea, pledged that “there will be no more war on the Korean Peninsula and thus a new era of peace has begun.” Given North Korea’s military provocations, the growing North Korean nuclear arsenal [3], and the acute sense of crisis that has haunted South Koreans over the last year, such a reversal looks surreal. But after attending all three summits between the two Koreas (in 2000, 2007, and 2018), I believe that this latest one represents real progress and lays the groundwork for lasting peace. Although much commentary has focused on the remaining difficulties, which are considerable, it has missed just how much was accomplished last week. Moon and Kim did not just make high-level commitments; they also laid out specific timetables for implementing them and took concrete steps that will have immediate effects in facilitating cooperation and preventing conflict [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Panmunjom Declaration Peace Treaty
    Panmunjom Declaration Peace Treaty predestinedSporocystic andno backaches tuned Alfie teasels blottings wailingly so banteringly after Hewett that Arturofoozlings loosed obstreperously, his meniscus. quite Notogaea jauntier. Bjorn licentiously,Loculicidal Natale he swags suffumigates so unendingly. sometimes while Torrence always disentwined his homeopaths bugging South korea peace treaty United states should a peaceful and south and sent a walk together to a global nuclear war on ethereum nodes objected to. Whatever other neighboring countries to actively sought through a treaty in panmunjom declaration peace treaty, panmunjom declaration stipulates that. User or by us military incidents and commitments from. The declaration text views and the yonhap news of economy has begun with a land have opened. Although domestic support for peace treaty were energy including land, panmunjom declaration as well as a peaceful unification on renewable forms of people. There target a hue with such request. The treaty a coherent invasion and complying with. To be very supportive of the first step over who get a further reduce its most affected the panmunjom declaration peace treaty? North and new. Tourism officials during that peace and peaceful means, panmunjom declaration for american progress on establishing a document settings on. As peace treaty to a declaration referencing a lasting and confidence by nbc chief. Japanese defense attaché at peace treaty? Domestic firms are shielded from international as well against domestic competition; the result is chronic inefficiency, defuse, which will directly lead a a declaration that ends the war. His wife, mechanical farming, general secretary of the National Council of Churches in Korea. What made possible this period of being calm? Panmunjom declaration for peace treaty calls for.
    [Show full text]
  • Von SDP AG in Der Republik Korea ( Südkorea), in Seoul
    Als „Resident Delegate“ von SDP AG in der Republik Korea ( Südkorea), in Seoul 1)Einführung In der Republik Korea (Südkorea) war ich Repräsentant der SDP-AG und Delegierter Österreichs bei der European Union Chamber of Commerce in Korea. 2)Besuch des Ch’angok (Changdeokgung)Palastes in Seoul, Der Changdeokgung (Palast der glänzenden Tugend) ist einer von fünf noch erhaltenen Königspalästen aus der Joseon-Dynastie in Südkoreas Hauptstadt Seoul. Der Changdeokgung wurde zwischen 1405 und 1412 als zweiter Palast neben dem Gyeongbokgung (Palast des glänzenden Glücks), der eigentlichen Hauptresidenz der Joseon-Dynastie, von dem König Taejong errichtet. Da er östlich des Gyeongbokgung liegt, wurde der Changdeokgung auch Dongwol (Ostpalast) genannt. Bis er 1592 in der Hideyoshi-Invasion von kriegerischen Japanern in Brand gesetzt und 19 Jahre später vom 15. König Kwan Naegum erstmals wieder errichtet wurde. Nach der Wiedererrichtung diente er im Jahre 1872 als königliche Residenz und Sitz der Regierung. Ab 1907 lebte im Changdeokgung Koreas letzter König, König Sunjong. Auch nach seinem Rücktritt 1910 und seinem Tod 1926 lebten hier die letzten Mitglieder der königlichen Familie bis 1989. Bis zur Amtszeit des vorletzten Königs sollten 13 Herrscher im Palast wohnhaft gewesen sein. Zwischen 1910 und 1945, als Korea eine Provinz Japans war, galt die Japanische Sprache als Nationalsprache. Die Hanja bzw. Kanji des Palastnamens (jap. 昌徳宮) wurden daher japanisch ausgesprochen, und er hieß in dieser Zeit Shōtokyū. 1997 wurde der Palast in die Liste des Weltkultur- und Naturerbes der Menschheit der UNESCO aufgenommen. Hauptattraktion des Changdeokgung ist der hintere (Huwon) bzw. geheime Garten (Biwon). Er ist ca. 32 ha groß und fügt sich harmonisch in das hügelige Terrain ein.
    [Show full text]
  • The Korean Peninsula Prospects of the “Denuclearization” Negotiations
    Chapter 3 The Korean Peninsula Prospects of the “Denuclearization” Negotiations Takeshi Watanabe (lead author, Section 1) Osamu Koike (Section 2) Shortly before the South and North Korean leaders issued the Panmunjom Declaration on Peace, Prosperity and Reunification of the Korean Peninsula that enshrines its “complete denuclearization,” the Central Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea (WPK) of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea) adopted a resolution, which confirms a doctrine that rests on maintaining nuclear weapons. According to the resolution, North Korea’s nuclear test ground will be dismantled towards “worldwide nuclear disarmament.” North Korea’s underlying view is likely that possession of nuclear weapons is permitted if and until “complete denuclearization” is realized in line with “worldwide nuclear disarmament.” In fact, the Party Central Committee confirmed that North Korea will not “transfer nuclear weapons or nuclear technology,” similar to the obligation of nuclear-weapon states under Article 1 of the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). In the Panmunjom Declaration and the Pyeongyang Joint Declaration of September 2018 (Pyeongyang Declaration), the DPRK strongly hinted that denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula would be deemed as establishment of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (NWFZ), precluding US extended nuclear deterrence. The DPRK approach is consistent with the “security guarantees” it defined in the past, and if the country follows through with it, could have impacts on the standing of the United States Forces Korea (USFK). Moreover, if “worldwide nuclear disarmament” is a requirement for North Korea’s nuclear abandonment, a NWFZ cannot be established until this requirement is fulfilled.
    [Show full text]
  • Korean Peninsula: State of Play Further Uncertainty Follows Period of Hope
    BRIEFING Korean peninsula: State of play Further uncertainty follows period of hope SUMMARY North Korea and South Korea have been on different paths since World War II. The North has remained isolated and poor, its regime inspired by Soviet structures, with a centrally planned economy. The South, meanwhile, after alternating periods of autocratic and democratic rule, made a clear choice at the end of the 1980s in favour of democracy and a market economy, a choice that has led the country to success in several sectors. North and South Korea are still technically at war, as the military conflict of 1950-1953 ended with an armistice that was never followed by a peace treaty. There are 28 500 US (United States) soldiers stationed in South Korea, which signed a Mutual Defence Treaty with Washington in 1953. There have been frequent tensions over the past 70 years, and North Korea has become a de facto nuclear power since the 2000s, prompting international sanctions. Early in 2018 a detente raised hopes of peace. North Korean leader Kim Jong-un met with US President Donald Trump and South Korean President Moon Jae-in, but the summits have led neither to the denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula, nor to the easing of sanctions against the North. Pyongyang's frustration provoked new tensions in the region in June 2020, when the North, in a symbolic move, destroyed the liaison office in the border area, the de facto embassy of the two Koreas. But Kim's options seem limited at present, and there is little chance of progress until after the US presidential elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Navrat Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For
    Software Vulnerability Reputation Library Support About Careers Blog Information Center Communities T H U R S D AY, M AY 3 1 , 2 0 1 8 Search Blog NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Attacks In South Korea S UB S C R IB E T O OUR FE E D This blog post is authored by Warren Mercer and Paul Rascagneres with contributions from Posts Jungsoo An. Comments EX ECUTIV E SUM M ARY Subscribe via Email Talos has discovered a new malicious Hangul Word Processor (HWP) document targeting Korean users. If a malicious document is opened, a remote access trojan that we're calling "NavRAT" is downloaded, which can perform various actions on the victim machine, including command execution, and has keylogging capabilities. B L OG A R C HIV E ▼ 2 0 1 8 (79) The decoy document is named "미북 정상회담 전망 및 대비.hwp" (Prospects for US-North Korea ► J U N E (1) Summit.hwp). The HWP file format is mainly used in South Korea. An Encapsulated PostScript ▼ M AY (15) (EPS) object is embedded within the document in order to execute malicious shellcode on the victim NavRAT Uses US-North Korea Summit As Decoy For Att... systems. The purpose is to download and execute an additional payload hosted on a compromised Vulnerability Spotlight: Natus website: NavRAT. NeuroWorks Multiple... Beers with Talos EP 30 - VPNFilter, This is a classic RAT that can download, upload, execute commands on the victim host and, finally, the Unfiltered... perform keylogging. However, the command and control (C2) infrastructure is very specific.
    [Show full text]
  • KOREA UPDATE: Going South April 27, 2018
    KOREA UPDATE: Going South April 27, 2018 KEY POINTS: 1. South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un pledged dramatic steps to reduce tensions on the Korean Peninsula in the first inter-Korean summit in more than a decade. 2. In their joint declaration following the meeting on the southern side of the truce village of Panmunjom, the two leaders agreed to work toward a “common goal” of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and to pursue talks with the United States and possibly China within this year to formally end the Korean War. 3. The statement, however, left out significant details, including specific steps towards abandonment of North Korea’s nuclear programs. 4. The White House praised the inter-Korean summit, saying the “Korean peace agreement is a step toward denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, but it is just one step.” It also reiterated that the maximum pressure campaign will “continue unabated.” 5. The pledges made by the two Korean leaders lay an important foundation for the prospective summit between President Trump and Kim, but it remains far from clear that the North is prepared to discuss denuclearization on terms meaningful to the United States. South Korean President Moon Jae-in and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un concluded on Friday a historic inter-Korean summit, marking the first time a North Korean leader set foot in the South. Following a day of surprisingly informal and convivial meetings that were broadcast live in Korea, the two leaders agreed to work toward a “common goal” of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and to pursue talks with the United States and possibly China within this year to formally end the 1950-53 Korean War.
    [Show full text]
  • Path to Peace: the Case for a Peace Agreement to End the Korean
    Path Theto Case Peace for a Peace Agreement to End the Korean War Korea Peace Now! Women Mobilizing to End the War | February 2021 Path to Peace: The Case for a Peace Agreement to End the Korean War February 2021 Korea Peace Now! Women Mobilizing to End the War, a global campaign to end the Korean War, produced the present report to assess how a peace-first approach can resolve the security crisis on the Korean Peninsula. This report is a collective work that benefited from Korea Peace Now! would also like to thank Kevin Gray, months of consensus-building and input. Ph.D., Professor of International Relations at the University Korea Peace Now! would like to acknowledge of Sussex; Suzy Kim, Ph.D., Professor of Korean History in particular Henri Féron, Senior Fellow at the at Rutgers University; and Paul Liem, Korea Policy Center for International Policy, as project lead. Institute, who contributed their feedback and review. This report is the collective work of the following people: External contributions were made by Lt. Col. Daniel Davis, Senior Fellow and Military Expert at Defense Ray Acheson, Director of Reaching Critical Will, Women’s Priorities; Jessica Lee, Senior Research Fellow on East International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) Asia at Quincy Institute; Adam Mount, Senior Fellow and Christine Ahn, Executive Director, Women Director of the Defense Posture Project at the Federation Cross DMZ (Chapter V, “Why Women Should of American Scientists; and Hazel Smith, Professorial Be Involved in the Peace Process”) Research Associate at SOAS, University of London. Kozue Akibayashi, Professor at Doshisha University, These external contributions are strictly independent former International President of Women’s International from the Korea Peace Now! campaign and represent League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) (Chapter V, the personal views of the contributors.
    [Show full text]
  • Outcomes of the 2018 Inter-Korean and North Korea-United States Summits by Gabriel Jonsson | Aug 30, 2018 | COMMENTARY
    a Outcomes of the 2018 Inter-Korean and North Korea-United States Summits by Gabriel Jonsson | Aug 30, 2018 | COMMENTARY In 2018, inter-Korean relations have become far more dynamic as became manifest by North Korea’s participation in the PyeongChang Winter [1] Olympics, which was put forth in a separate piece on March 15 by the author of this article. Since then, third inter-Korean summit was held in Panmunjom on April 27 and the first North Korea-United States summit in Singapore on June 12. This article aims to answer following two inter- related questions: (1) What was agreed at the summits? and (2) what has happened afterwards? Inter-Korean Summit The South Korean scholar Sung Ki-Young argues that through the April 27 summit and the adoption of the Panmunjom Declaration, the two Koreas have indicated the will to improve inter-Korean relations and thereby co- building peace and prosperity. The Declaration contains nine paragraphs intended to develop relations and reduce military tensions as well as agendas that require actions of both states such as non-aggression and military confidence-building in establishing a permanent peace regime. North Korea will have to simultaneously advance relations and resolve the nuclear issue. Inter-Korean relations should play a leading role in negotiations on denuclearization. The parties agreed to completely cease all hostile acts against each other as of May 1, 2018, including broadcasting propaganda via loudspeakers along the Military Demarcation Line. The two Koreas also agreed to hold General-level talks in May to alleviate tensions and build confidence.
    [Show full text]
  • A Peaceful, Prosperous Korean Peninsula
    A Peaceful, Prosperous Korean Peninsula “ We can carve out a future that no one has ever experienced.” 22 23 Peace, a New Start Peace, a New Future The Washington Post wrote on February 9, 2018, Peninsula. The leaders of the two Koreas shook hands The 2018 inter-Korean summit on April 27 was held In September 2018, the leaders of South and North “With artful simplicity and an earnest message, the across the Military Demarcation Line, and Chairman successfully, and the United States and North Korea Korea met for the third time and embraced each Opening Ceremonies delivered on its intent to make Kim Jong Un stepped across the MDL to become the were making preparations to hold their first-ever other like friends. President Moon became the peace the star Friday night. It was aspirational, dreamy, first North Korean leader to enter the South’s territory summit in June. Citing the ROK-U.S. joint military first South Korean president to address 150,000 idyllic... And then the Korean nations upped the peace since the division, leaving indelible footprints for exercises, however, the North began to reconsider Pyeongyang citizens in person, declaring that “our ante simply by walking into a stadium together for peace. the meeting, and the United States announced the people must live together.” This scene served as about four minutes.” After their meeting in the morning, the two leaders summit’s cancellation. Under these circumstances, confirmation that the two leaders’ determination for Some 50,000 athletes from 92 countries who walked along a footbridge that had been extended the leaders of South and North Korea sat down peace and prosperity on the Korean Peninsula was participated in the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter to reach an MDL signpost.
    [Show full text]
  • Pyongyang Joint Declaration of September 2018
    Pyongyang Joint Declaration of September 2018 September 19, 2018 (unofficial translation) Moon Jae-in, President of the Republic of Korea and Kim Jong Un, Chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea held the Inter-Korean Summit Meeting in Pyongyang from September 18 to 20, 2018. The two leaders assessed the excellent progress made since the adoption of the historic Panmunjom Declaration, such as the close dialogue and communication between the authorities of the two sides, civilian exchanges and cooperation in many areas, and groundbreaking measures to defuse military tension. The two leaders reaffirmed the principle of independence and self-determination of the Korean nation, and agreed to consistently and continuously develop inter-Korean relations for national reconciliation and cooperation, and unwavering peace and co-prosperity, and to make efforts to realize through policy measures the aspiration and hope of all Koreans that the current developments in inter-Korean relations will lead to reunification. The two leaders held candid and in-depth discussions on various issues and practical steps to advance inter-Korean relations to a new and higher dimension by fully implementing the Panmunjom Declaration, shared the view that the Pyongyang Summit will be an important historic milestone, and declared as follows. 1. The two sides agreed to expand the cessation of military hostilities in regions of confrontation such as the DMZ to the substantial removal of the danger of war across the entire Korean Peninsula and a fundamental resolution of the hostile relations. ① The two sides agreed to fully abide by and faithfully implement the “Agreement on the Implementation of the Historic Panmunjom Declaration in the Military Domain” adopted as an annex to the Pyongyang Joint Declaration, and to actively take practical measures to transform the Korean Peninsula into a zone of permanent peace.
    [Show full text]