SAS and SATA: Unparalleled Serial Interface Compatibility
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Scaling Enterprise Storage with SAS Hard Drives
Whitepaper | November 2007 Scaling Enterprise Storage with SAS Hard Drives Introduction Data center workloads have increased exponentially in recent years, requiring IT managers to find new ways of scaling their enterprise storage resources in a way that is both highly reliable and cost-effective. With the introduction of complementary serial interface technologies, IT managers now have the flexibility to deploy either high performance SAS drives or cost-effective Serial ATA (SATA) drives in a Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) storage environment. Hardware compatibility between the new interfaces will provide unprecedented design flexibility for server and storage subsystem deployments. SAS was designed to be the successor to parallel SCSI, which has been used effectively as an enterprise storage interface for more than 20 years. SAS supports the SCSI com- mand set and protocol, maintaining compatibility with the last 20 years of application software investment. SAS will support faster data transfer rates and more devices per controller, as well as reduce the size and complexity of the cables and connectors (thus enabling smaller, more densely-packed disk arrays). SAS is a point-to-point serial architecture, meaning that each drive has a dedicated connection to the host. Eliminating the shared (parallel) bus bottleneck results in higher overall performance because the host will deliver full bandwidth to each individual hard drive. These dedicated, point-to-point connections provide full-duplex connectivity at 3Gb/s for superior performance. SAS is a dual-port interface that provides two separate data paths into the drive. This delivers higher levels of performance and eliminates the “single point of failure” that is a drawback of the current parallel SCSI inter- face. -
SAS Storage Architecture: Serial Attached SCSI, 2005, Mike Jackson, 0977087808, 9780977087808, Mindshare Press, 2005
SAS Storage Architecture: Serial Attached SCSI, 2005, Mike Jackson, 0977087808, 9780977087808, MindShare Press, 2005 DOWNLOAD http://bit.ly/1zNQCoA http://www.barnesandnoble.com/s/?store=book&keyword=SAS+Storage+Architecture%3A+Serial+Attached+SCSI SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) is the serial storage interface that has been designed to replace and upgrade SCSI, by far the most popular storage interface for high-performance systems for many years. Retaining backward compatibility with the millions of lines of code written to support SCSI devices, SAS incorporates recent advances in high-speed serial design to provide better performance, better reliability and enhanced capabilities, all at a lower cost. SAS will be a significant part of many future high-performance storage systems, and hardware designers, system validation engineers, device driver developers and others working in this area will need a working knowledge of it.SAS Storage Architecture provides a comprehensive guide to the SAS standard. The book contains descriptions and numerous examples of the concepts presented, using the same building block approach as other MindShare offerings. This book details important concepts relating to the design and implementation of storage networks.Specific topics of interest include:SATA Compatibility Expander devices Discovery Process Connection protocols Arbitration of competing connection requests Flow Control protocols ACK/NAK protocol Primitives ? construction and uses Frames ? format, definition, used of each field Error checking mechanisms -
Fibre Channel Interface
Fibre Channel Interface Fibre Channel Interface ©2006, Seagate Technology LLC All rights reserved Publication number: 100293070, Rev. A March 2006 Seagate and Seagate Technology are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC. SeaTools, SeaFONE, SeaBOARD, SeaTDD, and the Wave logo are either registered trade- marks or trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC. Other product names are registered trade- marks or trademarks of their owners. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seagate Technol- ogy LLC. Revision status summary sheet Revision Date Writer/Engineer Sheets Affected A 03/08/06 C. Chalupa/J. Coomes All iv Fibre Channel Interface Manual, Rev. A Contents 1.0 Contents . i 2.0 Publication overview . 1 2.1 Acknowledgements . 1 2.2 How to use this manual . 1 2.3 General interface description. 2 3.0 Introduction to Fibre Channel . 3 3.1 General information . 3 3.2 Channels vs. networks . 4 3.3 The advantages of Fibre Channel . 4 4.0 Fibre Channel standards . 5 4.1 General information . 6 4.1.1 Description of Fibre Channel levels . 6 4.1.1.1 FC-0 . .6 4.1.1.2 FC-1 . .6 4.1.1.3 FC-1.5 . .6 4.1.1.4 FC-2 . .6 4.1.1.5 FC-3 . .6 4.1.1.6 FC-4 . .7 4.1.2 Relationship between the levels. 7 4.1.3 Topology standards . 7 4.1.4 FC Implementation Guide (FC-IG) . 7 4.1.5 Applicable Documents . -
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HP Proliant G6 Intel Xeon Bladesystem C-Class Server Blades
Technologies in HP ProLiant G6 c-Class server blades with Intel® Xeon® processors technology brief Abstract.............................................................................................................................................. 2 ProLiant c-Class server blade architecture................................................................................................ 2 Processor technologies ......................................................................................................................... 3 Multi-level caches............................................................................................................................. 3 QuickPath Interconnect controller ....................................................................................................... 4 Hyper-Threading .............................................................................................................................. 4 Turbo Boost technology..................................................................................................................... 5 Thermal Logic technologies ................................................................................................................... 5 Processor socket technology.................................................................................................................. 6 Memory technologies ........................................................................................................................... 6 I/O technologies -
SAS Enters the Mainstream Although Adoption of Serial Attached SCSI
SAS enters the mainstream By the InfoStor staff http://www.infostor.com/articles/article_display.cfm?Section=ARTCL&C=Newst&ARTICLE_ID=295373&KEYWORDS=Adaptec&p=23 Although adoption of Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is still in the infancy stages, the next 12 months bode well for proponents of the relatively new disk drive/array interface. For example, in a recent InfoStor QuickVote reader poll, 27% of the respondents said SAS will account for the majority of their disk drive purchases over the next year, although Serial ATA (SATA) topped the list with 37% of the respondents, followed by Fibre Channel with 32%. Only 4% of the poll respondents cited the aging parallel SCSI interface (see figure). However, surveys of InfoStor’s readers are skewed by the fact that almost half of our readers are in the channel (primarily VARs and systems/storage integrators), and the channel moves faster than end users in terms of adopting (or at least kicking the tires on) new technologies such as serial interfaces. Click here to enlarge image To get a more accurate view of the pace of adoption of serial interfaces such as SAS, consider market research predictions from firms such as Gartner and International Data Corp. (IDC). Yet even in those firms’ predictions, SAS is coming on surprisingly strong, mostly at the expense of its parallel SCSI predecessor. For example, Gartner predicts SAS disk drives will account for 16.4% of all multi-user drive shipments this year and will garner almost 45% of the overall market in 2009 (see figure on p. 18). -
AMD Opteron™ Shared Memory MP Systems Ardsher Ahmed Pat Conway Bill Hughes Fred Weber Agenda
AMD Opteron™ Shared Memory MP Systems Ardsher Ahmed Pat Conway Bill Hughes Fred Weber Agenda • Glueless MP systems • MP system configurations • Cache coherence protocol • 2-, 4-, and 8-way MP system topologies • Beyond 8-way MP systems September 22, 2002 Hot Chips 14 2 AMD Opteron™ Processor Architecture DRAM 5.3 GB/s 128-bit MCT CPU SRQ XBAR HT HT HT 3.2 GB/s per direction 3.2 GB/s per direction @ 0+]'DWD5DWH @ 0+]'DWD5DWH 3.2 GB/s per direction @ 0+]'DWD5DWH HT = HyperTransport™ technology September 22, 2002 Hot Chips 14 3 Glueless MP System DRAM DRAM MCT CPU MCT CPU SRQ SRQ non-Coherent HyperTransport™ Link XBAR XBAR HT I/O I/O I/O HT cHT cHT cHT cHT Coherent HyperTransport ™ cHT cHT I/O I/O HT HT cHT cHT XBAR XBAR CPU MCT CPU MCT SRQ SRQ HT = HyperTransport™ technology DRAM DRAM September 22, 2002 Hot Chips 14 4 MP Architecture • Programming model of memory is effectively SMP – Physical address space is flat and fully coherent – Far to near memory latency ratio in a 4P system is designed to be < 1.4 – Latency difference between remote and local memory is comparable to the difference between a DRAM page hit and a DRAM page conflict – DRAM locations can be contiguous or interleaved – No processor affinity or NUMA tuning required • MP support designed in from the beginning – Lower overall chip count results in outstanding system reliability – Memory Controller and XBAR operate at the processor frequency – Memory subsystem scale with frequency improvements September 22, 2002 Hot Chips 14 5 MP Architecture (contd.) • Integrated Memory Controller -
Gen 6 Fibre Channel Technology
WHITE PAPER Better Performance, Better Insight for Your Mainframe Storage Network with Brocade Gen 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Brocade and the IBM z Systems IO product team share a unique Overview .............................................................. 1 history of technical development, which has produced the world’s most Technology Highlights .................................. 2 advanced mainframe computing and storage systems. Brocade’s Gen 6 Fibre Channel Technology technical heritage can be traced to the late 1980s, with the creation of Benefits for z Systems and Flash channel extension technologies to extend data centers beyond the “glass- Storage ................................................................ 7 house.” IBM revolutionized the classic “computer room” with the invention Summary ............................................................. 9 of the original ESCON Storage Area Network (SAN) of the 1990s, and, in the 2000s, it facilitated geographically dispersed FICON® storage systems. Today, the most compelling innovations in mainframe storage networking technology are the product of this nearly 30-year partnership between Brocade and IBM z Systems. As the flash era of the 2010s disrupts between the business teams allows both the traditional mainframe storage organizations to guide the introduction networking mindset, Brocade and of key technologies to the market place, IBM have released a series of features while the integration between the system that address the demands of the data test and qualification teams ensures the center. These technologies leverage the integrity of those products. Driving these fundamental capabilities of Gen 5 and efforts are the deep technical relationships Gen 6 Fibre Channel, and extend them to between the Brocade and IBM z Systems the applications driving the world’s most IO architecture and development teams, critical systems. -
Adaptec SAS RAID.Indd
Adaptec SAS RAID Confi guration and the Windows OS Installation Instructions Adaptec SAS RAID Confi guration and the Windows OS Installation Instructions After all the hardware has been installed, you must fi rst confi gure the SAS RAID before you install the Windows Operating System and other software drivers. 1 The Adaptec SAS RAID Controller Driver If you do not wish to confi gure Adaptec SAS RAID functions, please go directly to Section 2 for the Windows OS Installation instructions. Introduction to SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) In addition to SATA (Serial ATA) which is supported by the Intel ESB2 South Bridge, your motherboard has an Adaptec SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) 9410W Controller built in. SAS supports serial link data transfer rates up to 3Gbps. With the dynamic SAS infrastructure built in, your motherboard supports both SATA and SAS, providing the user with unparalleled data storage expansion and inter-con- nectivity capability. Using the Adaptec RAID Confi guration Utility The onboard SAS Controller is enabled by default. To disable it, please set the SAS Enable Jumper to Pins 2-3 (See the Jumper Section in Chapter 2 of your motherboard manual for details.) When the system is detecting the SAS Controller BIOS, make sure that the 16-digit Adapter WWN address displays. If this number is not shown, you will not be able to use the controller. *Once the WWN address appears, press the <Ctrl> and <A> keys simultaneously when prompted to access the Adaptec SAS RAID BIOS. (Note: Use the arrow keys to highlight an item and then press <Enter> to select an option. -
USB Software Package for Infiniivision X-Series Oscilloscopes
USB Software Package for InfiniiVision X-Series Oscilloscopes The USB Software Package for Keysight’s InfiniiVision oscilloscopes enables USB 2.0 low-, full-, and hi-speed protocol triggering and decode, as well as USB PD (Power Delivery) trigger and decode. This package also enables other advanced analysis capabilities including USB 2.0 automated signal quality testing, jitter analysis, mask testing, and frequency response analysis (Bode plots) to help test and debug high-speed digital signals, such as USB 2.0. Find us at www.keysight.com Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Serial Trigger and Decode ......................................................................................................................................... 4 USB 2.0 Low- and Full-speed .................................................................................................................................... 4 USB 2.0 Hi Speed ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 USB PD (Power Delivery) .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Advanced Analysis ................................................................................................................................................... -
M.2 2280 Sata Ssd
Product Datasheet Version 1 M.2 2280 SATA SSD Product Name: I M 2 S 3 3 3 8 Capacity: 6 4 G B 、 1 2 8 GB、 2 5 6 G B 、 5 1 2 G B 、 1 T B I Revision History Revision Date Description Editor 0 May.7. 2019 Initial release Terry Chu 1 Oct. 18. 2019 Change to IA format Steven Wang 2 Apr. 24. 2020 Add DWPD Austin Lee II Table of Contents 1.0 General Description ........................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Mechanical Specification ................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Physical dimensions and Weight ........................................................................................... 3 2.2 Product Dimensions .................................................................................................................. 3 3.0 Product Specification ........................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Interface and configuration ..................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Capacity ........................................................................................................................................ 5 3.3 Performance ................................................................................................................................ 5 3.4 Electrical ...................................................................................................................................... -
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
Storage A New Technology Hits the Enterprise Market: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) A New Interface Technology Addresses New Requirements Enterprise data access and transfer demands are no longer driven by advances in CPU processing power alone. Beyond the sheer volume of data, information routinely consists of rich content that increases the need for capacity. High-speed networks have increased the velocity of data center activity. Networked applications have increased the rate of transactions. Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) addresses the technical requirements for performance and availability in these more I/O-intensive, mission-critical environments. Still, IT managers are pressed on the other side by cost constraints and the need White paper for flexibility and scalability in their systems. While application requirements are the first measure of a storage technology, systems based on SAS deliver on this second front as well. Because SAS is software compatible with Parallel SCSI and is interoperable with Serial ATA (SATA), SAS technology offers the ability to manage costs by staging deployment and fine-tuning a data center’s storage configuration on an ongoing basis. When presented in a small form factor (SFF) 2.5” hard disk drive, SAS even addresses the increasingly important facility considerations of space, heat, and power consumption in the data center. The backplanes, enclosures and cabling are less cumbersome than before. Connectors are smaller, cables are thinner and easier to route impeding less airflow, and both SAS and SATA HDDs can share a common backplane. White paper Getting this new technology to the market in a workable, compatible fashion takes various companies coming together.