DOCSLIB.ORG

Arquitectura De Tierra En El Alto Atlas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arquitectura De Tierra En El Alto Atlas ARQUITECTURA DE TIERRA EN EL ALTO ATLAS. DEL OASIS DE MDAGRA AL VALLE DEL OUTAT TESIS DOCTORAL Presentada por M. TERESA GIL PIQUERAS / Dirigida por PABLO RODRÍGUEZ-NAVARRO Y FRANCISCO JUAN VIDAL Abril 2014 Todas las fotografías, dibujos y mapas incluidos en la presente tesis han sido realizados dentro del Proyecto de Investigación sobre Arquitectura de Tierra en el Sur de Marruecos, Cód. ADSIDEO-2011 y PAID-06-11-2011 de la Universitat Politècnica de València. La autoría de las imágenes de otros autores aparecen citadas al pie. a María Cabo Catalá mi abuela 0. AGRADECIMIENTOS Esa tesis no puede empezar de otro modo que no sea Rabat, Faissal Cherradi quien me animó a profundizar mostrando mi agradecimiento a todas las personas en el estudio del oasis del Mdagra, aconsejándome en que de un modo u otro han hecho que sea posible todo momento y facilitándome todos sus recursos. Lo esta investigación. que comenzó como una relación académica, ha derivado con el paso del tiempo en una gran amistad. En primer lugar quiero agradecer a mis compañeros A él y a su familia Samira, Ali, Amin, Adam y la del proyecto de investigación de Arquitectura de Tierra pequeña Lina, gracias a todos por acogernos y en Marruecos del Instituto de Restauración del sobrellevar con nosotros tantas charlas y debates Patrimonio de la Universidad Politècnica de València, el sobre el Sur de Marruecos. haber contado conmigo para la realización de este trabajo, cediéndome su tiempo y esfuerzo, y A los investigadores que me precedieron, viajeros y colaborando en mi trabajo, prestándome su ayuda. aventureros que a finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX recorrieron Marruecos y sus valles reflejando A mis directores de tesis Pablo Rodríguez y Francisco sus impresiones en sus cuadernos de viaje. Su trabajo Juan por su disposición, conocimiento y buena ha supuesto un referente muy importante para esta dirección. Sin ellos este trabajo habría sido imposible. investigación. Y a los que actualmente siguen Dentro del ámbito institucional, quiero agradecer al estudiando esta cultura y su arquitectura, Centro de Cooperación al Desarrollo y al especialmente a Jerónimo Páez, por acogerme en su Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universitat casa en el oasis de Skoura, facilitarme toda su Politècnica de València por haber apoyado en su bibliografía. Y a Roger Mimó, escritor especializado en momento la iniciativa presentada por el grupo de la cultura y arquitectura de Marruecos y también un investigación. Sin su financiación no habría sido buen amigo, quien siempre nos acogió tanto en su posible realizar esta investigación en un sitio tan lejano. casa de Asilah como en su hotel en Tinerghir, el conocido Tomboctou, compartiendo con nosotros sus A la Escuela de Ingeniería de Edificación y al que fue opiniones y facilitándonos artículos y libros difíciles de su director Rafael Sánchez, por su apoyo en la conseguir. realización del trabajo y su constante interés por los resultados obtenidos. En estos agradecimientos no puedo dejar de nombrar a los habitantes de los valles presaharianos por su Al Ministerio de Cultura del Reino de Marruecos y en hospitalidad, especialmente a los del valle del Outat. especial al responsable de Proyectos Técnicos en Son muchas las personas que directa o indirectamente 13 AGRADECICIMIENTOS 1 ARQUITECTURA DE TIERRA EN EL ALTO ATLAS han ayudado a la realización de esta tesis y aunque Youssef, Arquía, Nabja, ...., y tantos otros que nos quizá me deje a alguno, me gustaría nombrar en estos ayudaron a tomar datos, nos acogieron y nos contaron agradecimientos a los siguientes: sus historias y las de sus antepasados. A la orden de monjes trapenses del Monasterio de A Mustapha de Taâkit, guía y amigo que nos Notre Dame del Atlas en Midelt. Al prior Jean Pierre acompañó por todo el valle del Outat haciendo de que siempre nos abrió las puertas del monasterio para intérprete, y a Hassan de El Khorbat, quien colaboró hospedarnos, al padre Jean Pierre Schumacher que a de igual modo en el oasis de Mdagra. pesar de su longeva edad siempre nos mostró su lado Finalmente quiero agradecer a mi familia toda su más amable y al hermano José Luis, fraile y también ayuda y apoyo. mi tío, que con su energía y entusiasmo ha sabido atraernos a esta parte del mundo olvidada por A mi padre y a mi madre, Pedro y Tere, gran mujer, muchos. También quiero agradecer a Omar maestro valiente y luchadora que mientras estuvo conmigo me de obras del monasterio, quien nos acompañó a lo supo transmitir su fuerza y tesón por llegar a conseguir largo de los ksour enseñándonos sus experiencias, y a lo inalcanzable, y a Fernando y Marita, quienes Baha por cuidarnos. Gracias a todos ellos de corazón. cuidaron de mis hijos en muchos de nuestros largos viajes. A las hermanas Franciscanas Marie, Barbara y Montse, destinadas en el poblado de Tatiouine, en Midelt. A mis tres pilares, motores de mi vida. A mi hijo Mujeres increíblemente dedicadas a ayudar a los Guzmán, mi energía, por cederme parte de su tiempo demás, y cómo no también a nosotros, acercándonos y seguirme a donde he ido; a mi hijo Alejandro, mi a la población local, compartiendo sus cómplice, que a pesar de su corta edad me ha preocupaciones, acogiéndonos en nuestros viajes y ayudado a medir, dibujar y fotografiar multitud de sumergiéndonos en un mundo del que será muy difícil ksour, dándome sus impresiones y un nuevo punto de escapar y que queda ya en nuestros corazones. Su vista, gracias por ser la gran persona que eres; y por valor y coraje es una gran inspiración para cualquiera último, aunque para mi el más importante, a mi marido que las conozca. Pablo, el gran apoyo de toda mi vida, al que si un día no hubiera conocido, esto y mucho más no habría sido A los habitantes de Tatiouine, nuestra gran familia del posible. Atlas, Sherif, Hasna, Asif, F’tum, Hamud, Mimouna, Haditja, Walid, Rachid, Said, Neima, Rabja, Seima, Gracias a todos. TESIS DOCTORAL 14 M. TERESA GIL PIQUERAS ÍNDICE GENERAL 0. Agradecimientos ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Prefacio ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1. Introducción y justificación ..................................................................................................................................... 17 1.2. Objetivos .................................................................................................................................................................. 20 1.3. Metodología ............................................................................................................................................................. 22 1.4. Contenido ................................................................................................................................................................. 26 2. Marco de Referencia ................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.1. Ámbito territorial ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 2.1.1. Área de influencia directa .......................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.2. Comunicación entre áreas ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.2. Antecedentes históricos ........................................................................................................................................... 37 2.2.1. Primeros asentamientos en la región del río Ziz. (S. VIII - S. XI) ................................................................ 38 2.2.2. Independencia del Sur. Almorávides y Almohades. (s. XI - s . XIII) .......................................................... 41 2.2.3. Fundación de las Zaouias. Alto Atlas oriental. (s. XIV - s. XVI) ................................................................. 45 2.2.4. Subida al Jbel Ayachi y llegada a la cara Norte. (s. XVII - s. XVIII) ........................................................... 50 2.2.5. Primeros asentamientos en el valle del Outat. (s. XIX – s- XX) ................................................................. 54 2.3. Población. Origen, cultura y sociedad ..................................................................................................................... 57 2.3.1. Origen: trashumancia y sedentarización .................................................................................................. 58 2.3.2. Organización política, social y económica ............................................................................................... 63 ÍNDICE 7 ARQUITECTURA DE TIERRA EN EL ALTO ATLAS 3. La ciudad de tierra en el Alto Atlas oriental ................................................................................................................ 69 3.1. El ksar. Consideraciones previas ........................................................................................................................... 71 3.2. Ksar vs. Ciudad islámica ........................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tradition and Sustainability in Vernacular Architecture of Southeast Morocco
    sustainability Article Tradition and Sustainability in Vernacular Architecture of Southeast Morocco Teresa Gil-Piqueras * and Pablo Rodríguez-Navarro Centro de Investigación en Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Gestión para el Desarrollo Sostenible–PEGASO, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This article is presented after ten years of research on the earthen architecture of southeast- ern Morocco, more specifically that of the natural axis connecting the cities of Midelt and Er-Rachidia, located North and South of the Moroccan northern High Atlas. The typology studied is called ksar (ksour, pl.). Throughout various research projects, we have been able to explore this territory, documenting in field sheets the characteristics of a total of 30 ksour in the Outat valley, 20 in the mountain range and 53 in the Mdagra oasis. The objective of the present work is to analyze, through qualitative and quantitative data, the main characteristics of this vernacular architecture as a perfect example of an environmentally respectful habitat, obtaining concrete data on its traditional character and its sustainability. The methodology followed is based on case studies and, as a result, we have obtained a typological classification of the ksour of this region and their relationship with the territory, as well as the social, functional, defensive, productive, and building characteristics that define them. Knowing and puttin in value this vernacular heritage is the first step towards protecting it and to show our commitment to future generations. Keywords: ksar; vernacular architecture; rammed earth; Morocco; typologies; oasis; High Atlas; sustainable traditional architecture Citation: Gil-Piqueras, T.; Rodríguez-Navarro, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrients, Trace Metals and B-Vitamin Composition of the Moulouya River
    *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Tovar-Sanchez et al_ms_2nd review.docx Click here to view linked References 1 Nutrients, trace metals and B-vitamin composition of the 1 2 3 2 Moulouya River: a major North African river discharging into 4 5 3 the Mediterranean Sea. 6 7 4 8 9 5 1,2,* 3 4 10 6 Antonio Tovar-Sánchez , Gotzon Basterretxea , Mostapha Ben Omar , 11 7 Antoni Jordi3, David Sánchez-Quiles2, Mardjan Makhani2, Daoudi Mouna4, 12 8 Cedrick Muya4, Silvia Anglès3 13 9 14 1 15 10 Department Ecology and Coastal Management, ICMAN-Instituto de Ciencias 16 11 Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC). Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 17 12 Puerto Real, Cádiz. Spain. 18 2 13 Department of Global Change Research, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced 19 20 14 Studies, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Miguel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Balearic 21 15 Islands, Spain. 22 16 3Department of Ecology and Marine Resources. Mediterranean Institute for 23 17 Advanced Studies, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Miguel Marques 21, 07190 Balearic 24 18 Islands, Spain. 25 4 26 19 National Institute of Halieutic Research, Tangier-M’diq Regional Centre, BP 27 20 5268 Dradeb, Tangier, Morocco 28 21 29 30 22 Corresponding Author 31 32 33 23 *Antonio Tovar-Sánchez. Department Ecology and Coastal Management, 34 24 ICMAN-Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC). Campus 35 25 Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz. Spain. Telephone: +34- 36 26 956832612 (ext 283). E-mail: [email protected] 37 38 27 39 28 40 29 Keywords: Nutrients, trace metals, vitamins, Moulouya River, Mediterranean, 41 30 Alboran Sea, Africa 42 31 43 44 32 45 33 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 65 1 Abstract 1 2 2 3 4 5 3 We analyzed dissolved nutrient, trace metal and vitamin (B-vitamins and 6 7 4 methionine) concentrations in the lower course of the Moulouya River (MR, 8 9 10 5 Morocco) and its estuary.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrogeological Functioning of the Tablecloth of the Midelt Furrow (High Moulouya, MOROCCO)
    E3S Web of Conferences 37, 01002 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183701002 EDE6-2017 Hydrogeological functioning of the tablecloth of the Midelt Furrow (High Moulouya, MOROCCO) H. IKHMERDI (1,*1), A. BOUKDIR1, A. KOSSIR2, L. ALILI1 and E. BEN-SAID1 (1) FST Béni Mellal/Université Sultane Moulay Slimane, Béni Mellal, Maroc (2)Agence de bassin hydraulique de la Moulouya, Oujda, Maroc Abstract: The superficial tablecloth of furrow of Midelt belongs to the bowl of High Moulouya which stretches out from the west eastward between the High Atlas in the South and the Medium Atlas west and in the Northeast. The methodology used includes the synthesis of geological data, piezometry, hydrodynamics, hydroclimatology and water quality. This study provides the following results: The flow mode of the water table is general SW to NE on the left bank of the Moulouya river and on the right bank, the flow is from the NW to the SE. The piezometric ratings vary from 1460 to 1780 m. The hydraulic gradient is the order of 2% on average. The transmissivity is usually about 10-3 m2/s. the punctual flows can reach 50 l / s (case of the drilling N ° IRE 879/38 realized in the alluviums of the Outat). The flow provided by the sources from conglomerates and lake limestones of the Plio-Villafranchien is 50 l / s. The unit of the Mio- Plio-Quaternary aquifer is fed from the infiltrations of rains, by the wadis which cross the banks of the conglomerates and by the landing of the tablecloths of Lias, Dogger and Cretaceous this feeding is however weak in because of the discontinuity of the formations and the poor permeability of the different levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Morocco Project Name: Noor Solar Power Projects Additional Financing
    SFG4021 REV Environmental and Social Review Summary Country: Morocco Project Name: Noor Solar Power Projects Additional Financing Public Disclosure Authorized Project Number: P164288; Additional Project ID: P131256 Environmental Category: A Project Description 1. The Additional Financing (AF or the “Project”)) supports the development and construction of the next solar power complex in Morocco’s solar power program being undertaken by the Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy (MASEN). The Noor-Midelt complex, which is expected to rely on a hybrid design using concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV) technologies, combined with thermal storage, will be located on 4,141 hectares (ha) of land 20 km north of the town of Midelt in central Morocco, in the high plains surrounding the Moulouya river, Public Disclosure Authorized between the Middle and High Atlas Mountains. The first phase of this new complex consists of two separate plants, Noor-Midelt I and II, which are the subject of the Project.1 2. The specific design and technology (e.g., choice of CSP technologies (parabolic trough or tower), power block, thermal storage, etc.) will be determined by the competitively-selected private sector sponsors that will design, construct, own, and operate the Noor-Midelt plants (referred hereinafter as “sponsors” or “developers”). 3. The complex’s ancillary facilities consist of the following common infrastructure: (1) a new standard raw water intake with a pumping station; (2) a new standard raw water treatment plant close to the water
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Report VI Existing Water Resources Development FEASIBILITY STUDY on WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT in RURAL AREA in the KINGDOM of MOROCCO
    Feasibility Study on Water Resources Development in Rural Area in the Kingdom of Morocco Final Report Volume III Supporting Report (1) Basic Study Supporting Report VI Existing Water Resources Development FEASIBILITY STUDY ON WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREA IN THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO FINAL REPORT VOLUME III SUPPORTING REPORT (1) BASIC STUDY SUPPORTING REPORT VI EXISTING WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PLANS Table of Contents Page VI1 General................................................................................................VI-1 VI2 Northern Morocco Basins....................................................................VI-3 VI3 Sebou River Basin...............................................................................VI-4 VI4 Bou Regreg River and Casablanca Coastal Basins ...............................VI-5 VI5 Oum Er Rbia River Basin ....................................................................VI-6 VI6 Tensift River and Essaouira Coastal Basins .........................................VI-6 VI7 Souss-Massa River Basins...................................................................VI-7 VI8 Guir, Ziz, Rheriss and Draa River Basins.............................................VI-8 VI9 Moulouya River Basin.........................................................................VI-8 List of Tables Table VI1.1 Existing Large Dams (1/2).....................................................VIT-1 Table VI1.1 Existing Large Dams (2/2).....................................................VIT-2 Table VI1.2 Proposed
    [Show full text]
  • Moulouya River Basin, Morocco
    Integration of Biodiversity in the Decision-Making Process: Lessons Learnt from the Moulouya Projects December 2010 Publishing information This document should be cited as follows: IUCN, Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, 2010. Integration of biodiversity in the decision-making process: Lessons learnt from the Moulouya Projects. Data compiled by Professor Mohammed Melhaoui, University of Oujda, Morocco. 65 pages. Cover photo © Jean-Pierre Boudot TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 4 I OVERVIEW OF THE MOULOUYA RIVER BASIN ...................................................... 5 I.1. General situation ................................................................................................... 5 I.2 Surface waters of the Moulouya basin ................................................................ 6 I.3 Dams and reservoirs in the Moulouya river basin ............................................. 6 I.4 Length profile of the Moulouya river and biological zoning ............................. 8 I.5 Climatic conditions of the Moulouya river basin ................................................ 8 II METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH ............................................................................. 10 Background to the IUCN/ABHM project (2007–2010): Integration of aquatic biodiversity considerations in the
    [Show full text]
  • REGIONAL ASSESSMENT of LANDSCAPE and LAND USE CHANGE in the MEDITERRANEAN REGION Morocco Case Study (1981–2003)
    REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND LAND USE CHANGE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Morocco Case Study (1981–2003) MALIHA S. NASH1, DEBORAH J. CHALOUD2, WILLIAM G. KEPNER3 AND SAMUEL SARRI4 1-3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency* 4 College of Southern Nevada** Abstract: The ability to analyze and report changes in our environment and relate them to causative factors provides an important strategic capability to environmental decision and policy makers throughout the world. In this study, we linked changes in land cover with changes in human demographics and natural phenomena, including rainfall. The methodology presented here allows users to locate and map changes in vegetation cover over large areas quickly and inexpensively. Thus it provides policy makers with the capability to assess areas undergoing environmental change and improve their ability to positively respond or adapt to change. Morocco was used as an example and changes in vegetation cover were assessed over a twenty-three-year period (1981–2003) using 8-km Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). A regression model of NDVI over time was developed to identify long-term trends in vegetation cover for each pixel in the study area. Patches of changes in vegetation cover were identified using ArcView for visualiza- tion of specific areas. A decreasing trend in vegetation cover is an indicator of some type of stress, either natural (e.g., drought, fire) or anthropogenic (e.g., excessive grazing, urban growth), that affects the life-support function of the environment for humans. Although Morocco was the only coun- try used in this case study, the described approach has broad application * Address correspondence to Maliha S.
    [Show full text]
  • Extracting Dynamic Topography from River Profiles and Cosmogenic Nuclide Geochronology in the Middle Atlas and the High Plateaus
    Tectonophysics 663 (2015) 95–109 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Extracting dynamic topography from river profiles and cosmogenic nuclide geochronology in the Middle Atlas and the High Plateaus of Morocco Alvar Pastor a,⁎,JulienBabaulta, Lewis A. Owen b, Antonio Teixell a, María-Luisa Arboleya a a Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain b Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA article info abstract Article history: The Moulouya river system has intensely eroded the Arhbalou, Missour, and Guercif Neogene foreland basins in Received 23 September 2014 northeastern Morocco, having changed from net aggradation during the Miocene–early Pliocene to net incision Received in revised form 20 May 2015 punctuated by alluvial fan deposition at late Pliocene or early Quaternary time. This region as a whole has expe- Accepted 2 June 2015 rienced mantle-driven, surface uplift (dynamic topography) since the late Cenozoic, being locally affected by up- Available online 20 June 2015 lift due to crustal shortening and thickening of the Middle Atlas too. Knickpoints located along the major streams fl Keywords: of the Moulouya uvial network, appear on both the undeformed margins of the Missour and Guercif foreland Atlas Mountains basins (High Plateaus), as well as along the thrust mountain front of the southern Middle Atlas, where they River profile reach heights of 800–1000 m. 500–550 m of the knickpoint vertical incision might be explained by long- Knickpoint wavelength mantle-driven dynamic surface uplift, whereas the remaining 450–500 m in the southern Middle Cosmogenic dating Atlas front and 200–300 m in the northeastern Middle Atlas front seem to be thrust-related uplift of the Jebel Active tectonics Bou Naceur.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibians of the Oriental Region and the Moulouya River Basin of Morocco: Distribution and Conservation Notes
    Basic and Applied Herpetology 33 (2019) 19-32 Amphibians of the Oriental Region and the Moulouya River Basin of Morocco: distribution and conservation notes Youness Mabrouki1,*, Abdelkhaleq Fouzi Taybi1, Ali Skalli2, Alberto Sánchez-Vialas3,4 1 Université Mohamed Premier, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Eau, de l’environnement et du Développement Durable, B.P. 717, Oujda, Morocco 2 Université Mohamed Premier, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador, Observatoire de la lagune de Marchica de Nador et Région Limitrophes, BP 300, 62700, Selouane, Nador, Morocco. 3 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain. 4 Asociación Bio+. Av. de América, 64, 7ºB, 28028 Madrid, Spain. *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received: 09 July 2018; returned for review: 25 October 2018; accepted: 29 March 2019. Monitoring amphibian populations, especially over fragile ecosystems such as arid and semiarid landscapes, helps to detect demographic trends and ecological risks. During several campaigns carried out between 2013 and 2017 across the Moulouya River Basin and the Oriental Region of Morocco, we identified nine amphibian species from the 11 previously recorded. Amphibian pop- ulation threats were also detected. In this work, we focused on the amphibians of the Oriental Re- gion of Morocco with the aims to (1) update their distribution providing new records, (2) confirm the prevalence of some vulnerable species in the region, and (3) provide an overview of the ecolo- gy and conservation status of each species at a regional level. Key words: conservation; endemic species; faunistic inventory; Gambusia; habitat loss; new rec- ords.
    [Show full text]
  • A Quantitative Assessment of Forest Cover Change in the Moulouya River Watershed
    Article A Quantitative Assessment of Forest Cover Change in the Moulouya River Watershed (Morocco) by the Integration of a Subpixel-Based and Object-Based Analysis of Landsat Data Fernando J. Aguilar 1,*, Abderrahim Nemmaoui 1, Manuel A. Aguilar 1, Mimoun Chourak 2, Yassine Zarhloule 3 and Andrés M. García Lorca 4 Received: 5 November 2015; Accepted: 7 January 2016; Published: 15 January 2016 Academic Editors: Joanne C. White and Eric J. Jokela 1 Department of Engineering, University of Almería, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 National School of Applied Sciences, University of Mohamed I, Oujda 6000, Morocco; [email protected] 3 High School of Technology, University of Mohamed I, Oujda 6000 Morocco; [email protected] 4 Department of Geography, University of Almería, Ctra Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-950-015-339; Fax: +34-950-015-994 Abstract: A quantitative assessment of forest cover change in the Moulouya River watershed (Morocco) was carried out by means of an innovative approach from atmospherically corrected reflectance Landsat images corresponding to 1984 (Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper) and 2013 (Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager). An object-based image analysis (OBIA) was undertaken to classify segmented objects as forested or non-forested within the 2013 Landsat orthomosaic. A Random Forest classifier was applied to a set of training data based on a features vector composed of different types of object features such as vegetation indices, mean spectral values and pixel-based fractional cover derived from probabilistic spectral mixture analysis).
    [Show full text]
  • Structure and Macroinvertebrate Diversity in the Moulouya River Basin
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(4): 1116-1121 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Structure and macroinvertebrate diversity in the JEZS 2016; 4(4): 1116-1121 © 2016 JEZS Moulouya river basin, Morocco Received: 22-05-2016 Accepted: 23-06-2016 Driss Lamri, Taoufik Hassouni, Abdechahid Loukili, Abdelkader Driss Lamri Regional Center of Education Chahlaoui and Driss Belghyti and Training, Taza, Morocco Abstract Taoufik Hassouni This study provides an update of the inventory of the benthic macrofauna based in sampling carried out Regional Center of Education in 16 sites in Moulouya river basin (Eastern region from Morocco) between March 2012 and April 2014. and Training, Meknes, Morocco The result obtained show that qualitative analysis of the macrozoobenthos allowed the identification of Abdechahid Loukili 10120 individus including to 173 taxa: 65% insects belonging to 7 Orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Regional Center of Education Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata and Diptera). The faunistic list identified in this paper has and Training, Settat, Morocco. enriched the Moulouya basin biodiversity, by 11 species previously unknown are. The ecological analysis communities allowed to identify, the least number of species was observed in superior zones of Abdelkader Chahlaoui the rivers areas. However, the highest number of species was recorded in lowland areas. Environment and Renewable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Keywords: Diversity, macrofauna, Moulouya river basin, Morocco Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco 1. Introduction Driss Belghyti Due to its geographical position, Morocco represents a contact area between several regions Environment and Health such Southern Europe and Africa. Its importance as a compulsory passage area for much of the laboratory, Faculty of Science, fauna between the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions, gives it a particular interest for Moulay- Ismail University, faunistic, ecological and biogeographical studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Stream Network Modelling from Aster GDEM Using Archydro GIS: Application to the Upper Moulouya River Basin (Eastern, Morocco)
    Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5, 1-13 http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep ISSN Online: 2327-4344 ISSN Print: 2327-4336 Stream Network Modelling from Aster GDEM Using ArcHydro GIS: Application to the Upper Moulouya River Basin (Eastern, Morocco) Khadija Diani1, Hassan Tabyaoui2*, Ilias Kacimi1, Fatima El Hammichi2, Chafik Nakhcha3 1LO3G Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat, Morocco 2Natural Ressources and Environnement Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco 3Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco How to cite this paper: Diani, K., Ta- Abstract byaoui, H., Kacimi, I., Hammichi, F.E. and Nakhcha, C. (2017) Stream Network Mod- This paper discusses the integration between GIS and hydrological models elling from Aster GDEM Using ArcHydro and presents a case study relating to the upper section of Moulouya River Ba- GIS: Application to the Upper Moulouya sin (UMRB) situated in the east of Morocco. The Basin is an inland water- River Basin (Eastern, Morocco). Journal of 2 Geoscience and Environment Protection, 5, shed with a total area of approximately 10,000 km , stretching in the junction 1-13. between the Middle Atlas, the High Atlas Mountain and the Middle Moulouya https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.55001 basin. From ArcGIS ArcHydro framework data models, different parameters of the Moulouya River and its catchment area have been defined. DEM based Received: February 19, 2017 Accepted: May 7, 2017 ArcHydro model was run on Aster-GDEM V2 data at a horizontal spatial res- Published: May 10, 2017 olution of 30 meters.
    [Show full text]