COMMUNITY KEY SAFETY MESSAGE BOOKLET

August 2019 INTRODUCTION

The RNLI, along with our partners, saves hundreds of lives each year. But there are still between 100 and 200* accidental coastal fatalities every year around the UK and Ireland.

This booklet can help you keep people safe.

We need to help people change their behaviour and stop taking unnecessary risks. You can have a very real impact and to effect behaviour change we need to make sure that our messages are consistent, whoever delivers them. Use the different activity pages in this booklet to find the research-backed messages that will have the most effect on people – along with tips on how to connect with different kinds of users. Use the different activity pages in this booklet to find the research-backed messages that will have the most impact – along with tips on how to connect with those in, on and around the water..

Who is this for?

This booklet is for anyone who speaks with people who use the water and/or enjoy spending time at the coast. It’s also useful if you are planning or delivering water safety programmes or activities. If you are speaking with children (under 18), please refer to the RNLI Youth Water Safety Messages booklet.

John Payne Director of Lifesaving Operations * Figures from the Water Incident Database (WAID) and Irish Water Safety Front cover photo: Nigel Millard CONTENTS

Influencing tips 04 Flotation 07 Weather 10 Tides 13 Rip currents 15 Beach safety 16 Inland water safety 19 Calling for help 20 Signalling for help 27 Angling 30 32 34 Commercial fishing 36 Dinghy sailing 38 Kayaking and canoeing 40 Kitesurfing 42 Motorboating 44 Open-water swimming 46 Personal watercraft 48 Rowing 50 Scuba 52 Stand-up paddleboarding 54 56 58 Walking and dog walking 60 62 Yacht sailing 64 Frequently asked questions 66 Core messages 70 INFLUENCING TIPS • • • • • people’s behaviour: influencing of chance best the To yourself give 04 INFLUENCING TIPS even safer. If they already feel safe,itis difficult topersuade them to be Consider their attitude to the activityandsafety. how the behaviourchange will help them achieve their goals. Relatemotivations. conversation your totheir relate to. Avoid will talking aboutjustsafety.language they Use influence change. Build partnerships within the group tohelp to talktheothers? Would itbebetter to train aprominent member of the group group? messages tothe placed todeliver the best RNLI or the of the group and what influence do you have? Are you and/ Think about who you are speaking to. Whoare the members Tell them INFLUENCING TIPS Build rapport their interest and get Engage with the public and start with Engage a conversation Give tailored safety messages tailored Give find out about them INFLUENCING TIPS INFLUENCING AISDA model AISDA SAFETY INTEREST ATTENTION Use what you know about the person – know about you what Use that is relevant information give with children) – fun = memorable (particularly Be interactive find a solution to colleagues your with Don’t blag it – work Ask questions – be relatable and earn their trust their and earn Build rapport – be relatable buy in? create you the link – how can Find look approachable and friendly and Body language – look approachable Timing – don’t for them to wait walk engage past! early, and how? to say, going you opening line – what are Your This AISDA model is a great tool for helping you have to a well-structured conversation giving tailored advice: INFLUENCING TIPS Keep itsimple accountability some Just ask–getthemtotake actions. change their themselves safe. Use personal or local stories to create desire to get more out of their activityby avoiding the pitfallsandkeeping to save more lives around the water. For the participantitis to Forit. whybuy you usat do they the RNLI the why is very easy: Tellarewhy you them – there DESIRE ACTION • • • So remember: • • • • challenge you. Objections mightinclude: We allknowlifeisnotalways plain sailing–people will Objections to themessage Respond –address their concern. Empathise –show you understand is theirobjection? what Listen – before,ago’.‘I’ve years donethistraining ‘I only go out ingood weather’ ‘It will never happen to me’ ‘It’sexpensive’ too Give them action totakeGive them action should take why they understand Make them people don’t buy what youbuy do, people don’t FLOTATION FLOTATION What is cold water shock? water What is cold 07 Personal Flotation Devices Flotation Personal Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs) is a term used for both term used Flotation Devices (PFDs) is a Personal choose you of PFD type The aids and lifejackets. buoyancy should will depend on the You activity you are planning to do. UK to tested and approved that has been choose a PFD always or Irish standards. the PFD If properly. fits that it work, it is crucial to a PFD For will be used. Doing so these should always straps, has crotch is airway your that and ensure rising up from the PFD stop kept clear of the water. and checked PFD regularly your to have also important It’s This instructions. the manufacturer's serviced, as advised in designed. works as PFD your that sure will make Cold water shock makes you gasp uncontrollably and inhale and inhale uncontrollably gasp you makes water shock Cold in water Triggered which can quickly water, lead to drowning. of temperature than 15°C (the average lower temperatures your from the air is 12°C),UK and Irish steal it can helpless in seconds. you lungs and leave during, 90 seconds around These symptoms can last on focus or to swim fittest person is unable the which even wearing a well-fitted, well- your activity, Whatever breathing. aid could save or buoyancy lifejacket maintained and suitable float in an emergency. to with knowing how life, along your FLOTATION position in the water.in the position to turn aperson from a face-down themselves, as they are not designed protect aperson who isunable to help close athand. They are notable to part in watersports where helpis shelteredwaters or for thosetaking in recommended for useby swimmers Level 50buoyancy aidsare waterproof clothing. if the useris wearing heavyand/or Their performancemaybeaffected keepwater. their and face outofthe back person ontotheir unconscious offshore waters. They should turn an for generaluse on coastaland Level 150lifejackets are designed back. to their may notroll anunconsciousperson on who isunable to help themselves and enough buoyancy to protect aperson or calm waters. They maynothave recommended for useinsheltered Level 100lifejackets are Find outmore: RNLI.org/lifejackets Buoyancy aid–level 50 Types ofPFD: Lifejacket –level 100 Lifejacket –level 150 FLOTATION Fight your Fight your instinct to thrash around. arms and legs. your Lean back, extend If you need to, to them gently float. move help you breathing. your can control you Float until to safety. or swim for help then call Only FLOAT TO LIVE TO FLOAT Find out more: RNLI.org/RespectTheWater Find out more: #FloatToLive #RespectTheWater Lifejacket – level 275 – level Lifejacket Follow these simple steps to float: to steps these simple Follow 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Level 275 lifejackets are designed for for designed are lifejackets 275 Level for extreme primarily use, offshore conditions for and those wearing may that clothing heavy protective of lesser the self-righting ability affect This lifejacket to is designed lifejackets. that the wearer floatingis ensure in the their mouth and with position correct nose clear of the surface of the water. When you fall into water below 15°C, you instinctively gasp instinctively you water below 15°C, fall into you When relax Instead, water. of inhaling chance your increasing for air, this risk. to minimise 90 seconds for around float and WEATHER plans or cancel their trip. their cancel or plans forecast. People should always be prepared to change their the follow not may they as conditions weather changing the of aware be and water the around or on in, going before We always recommend that people check the weather forecast 10 WEATHER • • • weather forecast: the checking about talking when to discuss Points change andcanbecome very rough. water to cause the can against tide)this (wind each other and tidal Wind directionflow. there isahigherrisk of gettingblown out to . wind isblowing offshore (windcoming off the land)as Wind direction. wind warning isinplace. take extracare around the coast when astorm or strong strong wind is forecasted. We always advisepeople to around the coastline.Extracare shouldbe taken when conditions andcanalsoaffectpeople when they’re Wind strength. Thiscancausearapidchangein water Extra care shouldbe taken when the When these are opposing When these WEATHER These may take people by surprise people by take These may This also needs to be considered in to be considered This also needs Bigger swells could result in coastal locations Bigger swells could result Wave height. Wave being swamped. waves by reached not normally which are direction. Swell relation to the tide relation and wind direction as it can the increase of the size swell. of the waves. Power and can feet. them off their knock Swell forecast Swell Air and water temperature water Air and In addition to checking the weather forecast, people should forecast, weather the to checking In addition those activities being especially forecast, the swell also check angling and coastal the coast such as rock along undertaken websites and apps include forecast swell walking. Popular discuss to Points Seaweed. Guru and Magic Wind Windfinder, forecast: the swell checking talking about when • • • The average UK and Irish water temperature is 12°C which which is 12°C temperature water UK and Irish The average should People summer. the in water even cold is classed as wetsuit (eg a the conditions for protection wear suitable water can the to Wind chill and exposure or suncream). apps and weather of lots are There out. people catch easily weather and forecasts weather general For websites available. They also Office. the Met using recommend we warnings and forecast waters inshore the like forecasts, specific produce sites and forecast weather Other popular forecasts. shipping Seaweed. Guru, and Magic Wind Windfinder, apps include WEATHER surface flooding andlarge waves. Sea walls andharbourareas maybecomeinundated with normally accessibleatlow tide maybecut off by stormsurges. treacherous during storms. The large swell will mean that areas People need to beaware that the coastline will beexceptionally risk andcancatchpeople out. unpredictable. Large unexpected waves andswellsare amajor Stormy weather canmake our seasparticularly dangerous and Find outmore: RNLI.org/WeatherAndTides Stormy weather Photo: StevePhoto: Jones TIDES

Photos: RNLI/Nigel Millard Low tide Storm surges, wind direction and direction wind Storm surges, (for on the water activity planning). Spring tides are the highest high tides and tides and the highest high tides are Spring the lowest low tides. The dates of spring tides can be of spring dates The tides. the lowest low not normally tides can expose areas Spring forecast. the tide by and the quickly uncovered water very moves tide. during a spring Tidal direction The amount the water rises and falls often falls water rises and the Tidal range. The amount tidal large very a have areas Some out. catches people tides. at spring range and it is at its maximum Spring tides. can you that sure to make considered to be This needs safely. return factors. Variable tidal, wind strength and atmospheric pressure can cause and atmospheric pressure wind strength tidal, local variations. TIDES 13 • Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined by caused levels of sea fall the rise and Tides are the sun and the the moon, by exerted forces gravitational the affected by locations are earth. Different the of rotation tidal predictions, are there and although ways different tide in affected by out and can be still catches people tide the often display the time forecasts and Tidal weather systems. or well as if it is a spring water as water and low of high height to discuss neap tide. talking when Points about tides: • • • High tide TIDES • • • including: cut off not prepared. There are anumber of key areas that cause tidal unaware that they are inpotential danger and,assuch,are This isamajorcause of RNLIcall outs. People are often • • • cut off: advice for tidal Our Find outmore: RNLI.org/WeatherAndTides Tidal cutoff Tidal cutoffadvice tide. Cliffs are hazardous if there isnotasafeexit. isolated bays. These bayscangetcut off by anincoming Headlands. Headlandsandrocky outcrops cancreate you stranded. allow the tide to flow inallaround, potentially leaving Sandbanks. Flatsandyareas with raisedbanks that during a tidal cycle. Causeways. Access to anisland that covers anduncovers calling 999 or 112if you are overdue. be back.Theycanraise the alarm with the coastguard by Tell someoneelse where you’re goingand when you’ll the tide. danger or you seesomeonein danger of beingcut off by Call 999 or 112andask for the coastguard if you are in Always carryameans of calling for help on your person. time to return safely. Ifin seeklocaladvice. doubt, prediction applike AnyTide. Make sure you have enough a tidal incoming tide. Use tidetimetablesor look out for Always check the tide times andheightskeep a RIP CURRENTS BEACH Stay calm – don’t panic. Stay calm – to swim. try Don’t wade. can stand, you If to help of it keep hold or board, an inflatable have you If float. you for help loudly. hand and shout your Raise get exhausted. you’ll or the rip against directly Don’t swim Swim parallel to the of the beach free then rip, until make for shore. water and extend the float. Lean back in swim, can't you If arms and legs. your What to do if you’re caught in a rip caught do if you’re What to Find out more: RNLI.org/BeachSafety Find out more: RIP CURRENTS RIP 15 • • • • • • • BEACH SAFETY • • • • • KEY MESSAGES

16 BEACH SAFETY for advice on how you canavoid rips. even the mostexperienced beachgoers soasklifeguardsout, man-made structures like piersandgroynes. Ripscancatch surf, but they’re also found around river mouths,estuariesand you out of your depth. They are especially powerfulinlarger can takeleave youThey and shallows veryfrom quickly the Avoid ripcurrents. Ripsare strong currents running out to sea. be cold.SeeFlotationsection on page7. can sea temperature hot daysthe evenaware on that Be stay with your inflatableandcallsignal forhelp. are amajorcause of summerincidents.If you are in trouble, Inflatables are not designed forusein thesea.Inflatables See Weather section on page10. and tidetimes.weather forecastCheck the before you go, andread localsafetysigns. a lifeguarded beach,learnmore about your chosenlocation and yellowred flags. between the Always try to choosealifeguarded beachandswim If you can’tmake it to

BEACH SAFETY Orange windsock Orange Red flag Red Black and white Black and white flags chequered Red and yellow flags yellow and Red Indicates offshore or winds. Indicates offshore strong Never use flying. the windsockinflatables when is Danger! Never go in the water under any water under any the go in Danger! Never when circumstances the flagred is flying. For surfboards, stand up paddleboards, stand up paddleboards, surfboards, For craft. non-powered other kayaks and for kitesurfers area Launch and recovery or swim windsurfers. Never and here. bodyboard Lifeguarded area. Safest area to swim, area Safest area. Lifeguarded use inflatables. and bodyboard BEACH SAFETY BEACH Know your flags your Know BEACH SAFETY • • • • • • • • • • • beach, then: at the use them must If you where they caneasily beblown offshore. Blow-up toys andairbedsare designed for pools,not the sea Find outmore: RNLI.org/BeachSafety Inflatables Supervision ofchildren What to doifachild goesmissing Let allsearchers know once the childis found. Contact the lifeguards or policeandkeep them informed. remain supervised. Calmly check the surroundings ensuringfirst, otherchildren take part. runs achildren’s safetyscheme,using wristbands or tickets, Agree ameetingpointincase of separation.If the beach Children shouldalways besupervised. flying, as this indicatesoffshore winds. asthis flying, do notuse when the orange windsock is do not take out inbig waves follow the lifeguards' advice only usebetween the red and yellow flags keep nearby ensure children are closely supervised INLAND WATER SAFETY

There can be objects below the objects below can be There Call 999 or 112 if you or someone else in or someone you or 112 if Call 999 water that cannot be seen, which may cause entrapment which may be seen, that cannot water and injury. the of all edges around wary and be care Take you in all locations. If falls happen waterside. Slips and can, stick to designated paths. warning signs. for safety and out Look for help of calling carry a means always you sure Make on your person. The operator will be you able to direct trouble in the water. service. emergency the appropriate to The water is cold, so if someone enters the water, there there water, the so if someone enters water is cold, The they until float water shock. They should of cold is a risk they can. to safety if swim then feel calm and Beware hidden dangers. INLAND WATER SAFETY WATER INLAND KEY MESSAGES KEY 19 • • • • • The RNLI saves lives on coastal waters, but we also operate on inland waterways. These include the River Thames, Loch Ness in Scotland, Lough Erne in Northern Ireland, and Loughs Derg and Ree in Ireland. CALLING FOR HELP and where it is a personal device to keep it on their person. person. their on it to keep device apersonal is it where and it to use how know they that We advise activity. to their suitable most is that help for calling of ameans to take people encourage strongly we activities all With help. for calling for a means as used be can that devices different of anumber are There S ONE-TO-MANY ONE-TO-ONE GMDSS PERSONAL OR VESSEL KEY afe Devices 20 CALLING FOR HELP • • • • help: for called have you Once coastguard. the for ask and 112 or 999 call phone, amobile using coast the at are you If water. the in trouble in is someone handler call the tell and help for water, call the in trouble in someone see you If T keep watch untilhelparrives. public rescue equipment(suchasalifering) eg help them can throwfloat, anything you to look for back encourage themto float ontheir stay atasafe distance and do notenter the water rx mandatory for certain vessels. International MaritimeOrganisation. Theseare Maritime Distress Safety System approved bythe It isrecommended thatyou chooseaGlobal the device. The intended location for thestorage of app to log, track andsendalerts aboutyour trip. time. Download andusetheRYA orISASafeTrx emergency contacts ifyou fail to return homeon This free appmonitors your journeys andalerts The alert willbereceived bymultiple recipients. The alert willbereceived byoneperson.

CALLING FOR HELP Call 999 or 112 and ask for the for or 112 and ask Call 999 who will the launch coastguard, services. and rescue search correct Network dependent, mobile around poor is generally coverage the coast, although coverage better calls is usually voice for than data. UP TO 18 NMILES TO UP PERSONAL NO ONE-TO-ONE Keep your mobile in a waterproof pouch. You should wear should You pouch. waterproof mobile in a your Keep no use if it’s - within easy reach so it’s person your on this it. can’t reach you calls a location, but emergency Smart phones can provide the for or 112 and ask (call 999 voice should be made by coastguard). track and send alerts to log, app can be used SafeTrx The trip. about your You shouldYou still call 999 or even 112 if your own mobile phone network has no coverage, as your phone will try to network. available other any to connect Things to consider Things to Mobile phone (in a waterproof pouch) a waterproof phone (in Mobile • • • Range Personal or vessel Personal One-to-one or one-to-many GMDSS approved CALLING FOR HELP 16 • • • Frequency/Digital Selective Calling FIXED VHF/DSC-Very High Things to consider vessels andshore stationsinrange. Channel 16. This communicates the distress message to all Send aDSCalert followed by amayday voice call on comes with the radiolicence. a MaritimeMobile Service Identity(MMSI)number, which ship’s radiolicence(free in the UK ifrequested online) and Requires an operator’s licence,aship’s portableradio or location. also transmitsyour A DSC distress alert isarecognised emergency signalandit one-to-many One-to-one or GMDSS approved Personalor vessel Range ONE-TO-MANY YES VESSEL MAXIMUM 30NMILES (depending on height of antenna) height of (depending on in range. to allshore stationsand vessels Communicatesmessages distress CALLING FOR HELP 6 1 Communicates distress distress message Communicates vessels and stations to all shore in range. VHF range to handheld) (handheld height. antenna is limited by PERSONAL YES ONE-TO-MANY 5 NMILES FROM TO UP 2.75 NMILES If possible, buy a DSC-equipped radio (some are not). A not). radio (some are If possible, buy a DSC-equipped signal, and it emergency alert is a recognised distress DSC also transmits your location. on call voice a mayday followed by Send a DSC alert to all message distress the This communicates Channel 16. stations in range. and shore vessels or portable radio licence, a ship’s operator’s an Requires online) and if requested UK the in radio licence (free ship’s which Identity (MMSI) number, Service a Maritime Mobile the radio licence. with comes Things to consider Things to HANDHELD VHF/DSC - Very High - Very VHF/DSC HANDHELD Calling Selective Frequency/Digital • • • One-to-one or one-to-many Range GMDSS approved Personal or vessel Personal CALLING FOR HELP • • • • • • • • • • PLB -Personal Locator Beacon Things to consider Divers will need to carry the PLBina dive canister. Transmits for 24 hours plus. it totransmit. water for held outof be needs to Unit is available. Can alsobeused on landinareas where nophonesignal Not allPLBsinherently float. Should always be on your person. Always choosea GPS-enabled PLB. coordination. Must beregistered with the coastguard to aidinrescue activated only.Manually Recognised emergency signal. one-to-many One-to-one or GMDSS approved Personalor vessel Range ONE-TO-ONE YES PERSONAL WORLDWIDE COVERAGE 121.5 MHz) (frequency 406MHzand rescue services. launch the search and coordinationcentre, whichwill to the relevant maritimerescue The distress signalsare passed CALLING FOR HELP Could be as little as 2.5 nmiles - Could dependent on receiving antenna height. Communicates by electronically electronically by Communicates exchanging data with AIS receivers on ships and inland base stations' as fold out per the 1991752. PERSONAL NO ONE-TO-MANY 5 NMILES THAN LESS IN OPEN WATER Can be automatically activated - will work if casualty will activated - Can be automatically is unconscious. device automatically this situation, overboard In a man within range. AIS receivers alerts all obstacles. range if affected by Poor person. your on be Should always Things to consider Things to AIS MOB DEVICE - Automatic Identification - Automatic DEVICE AIS MOB Device Man Overboard System • • • • One-to-one or one-to-many Range GMDSS approved Personal or vessel Personal CALLING FOR HELP • • • • • • • • Things to consider Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB -Emergency Position Transmits for 48hoursplus. the beacon. equipment canbe fitted andused tohomein on Some SAR resources have radio direction finding that Fitted with a flashing light. their position. Can be dropped next to aman overboard to mark Always choosea GPS-enabled EPIRB. coordination. Must beregistered with the coastguard to aidinrescue Can be float-free, automatic ormanual. Recognised emergency signal. Range one-to-many One-to-one or GMDSS approved Personalor vessel WORLDWIDE COVERAGE ONE-TO-ONE YES VESSEL 121.5 MHz) (frequency 406MHzand rescue services. launch the correct search and coordinationcentre, whichwill to the relevant maritimerescue The distress signalsare passed SIGNALLING FOR HELP

PERSONAL AND VESSEL NO ONE-TO-MANY - ROCKET PARACHUTE 28 NMILES TO UP RED PIN POINT - 5 NMILES TO UP ORANGE SMOKE - 3 NMILES TO UP Not advised as a primary means of calling for help. of calling Not advised as a primary means Learn how to use them you need them. before services pin point and rescue to help search Can be used position. your SIGNALLING FOR HELP FOR SIGNALLING 27 Things to consider Things to Flares • • • Range Personal or vessel Personal GMDSS approved One-to-one or one-to-many SIGNALLING FOR HELP There are other methods to signal for help such as whistles and signalling mirrors. signalling and whistles as such help for signal to methods other are There EVDS -Electronic VisualDistress Signals • • • • • Things to consider Some double as a torch. as Some double Use replaceable batteries. their recovery. Can be thrown to apersonin the water to aid and off.be turnedon Can Could beconfused with background lights. Range one-to-many One-to-one or GMDSS approved Personalor vessel UP TO 7NMILES ONE-TO-MANY NO AND VESSEL PERSONAL manufacturer) and signaller, as well as the sea oftheobserverabove the (depending upon the height SIGNALLING FOR HELP RNLI.org/CallingForHelp RNLI.org/CallingForHelp Find out more: If you are at a lifeguarded beach and get into difficulty, raise your arm and shout for help as this will alert the lifeguards. ANGLING Motivations Also menaged40−60, fishing from boats. Men aged20−40, fishing from areas witha rocky shoreline. Target audience • • How to speakto anglers • • • • • Attitudes to safety outdoors, or to catchaspecificsize orspecies of fish. For many, anglingisan opportunity to relax andgetaway, to be 30 ANGLING benefit them. angling andhow the behaviourchange will Make the messagerelevant to your area. So talk aboutlocal getting outoftrouble. means of have the still It will allow them to getaway to that secret fishing spotand means of calling for help won’t getin their way while angling. motivations. For example, wearing alifejacket andcarryinga Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their risks. boating before thinkingofthe Those who fish from aboatsee themselves asanglers first alone. they fish Sometimes weather and tidetimes. forecastcheck the will They Most anglers don’t wear lifejackets. They feel safeangling. ANGLING . Modern automatic lifejackets are lightweight are . Modern automatic lifejackets * See motorboating on page 20 for specific key messages. specific for on page 20 See motorboating and comfortable. Those who forget often wear them and comfortable. check and to regularly them. Remember wearing they’re the manufacturer's with in line lifejacket your service recommendations. your on for help of calling carry a means Always device you Whichever choose to for person. call you help, Consider in an emergency. it easily reach to must be able app. SafeTrx the with taking a mobile phone Always check the forecast and tide times. weather swell times and predicted tide the Anglers should check to anglers for shore important This is particularly forecast. the reduce risk of being swept away or cut off the tide. by you’ll when going and you’re where else someone Tell by the coastguard with the alarm They can raise be back. overdue. are you or 112 if calling 999 Always wear a lifejacket when fishing from the shore shore the from fishing when wear a lifejacket Always or a boat KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/angling Find out more: • • • * • BODYBOARDING Motivations area and those participating outside of lifeguard hours. lifeguardedand yellowred boardingflagged outsideofthe Those Target audience • • How to speakto bodyboarders • • • Attitudes to safety environment anditsunpredictability, and the lifestyleandculture. Many enjoy the thrill andadventure, beingpart of the natural 32 BODYBOARDING to speak to bodyboarders. Use surfshops,schools, youth groups, beachesandsurfclubs enable them to get the best waves andhave the most fun. yellow flags withamate–andchecking the forecast – will motivations. For instance,bodyboarding between the red and Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their environment. with the Casual beginnerslackunderstanding of the danger associated may getinto difficult situationsinmore extreme conditions. Experienced bodyboarders enjoy pushing the boundariesand appeal. part ofthe is risk The thrillofthe BODYBOARDING Always try to choose a lifeguarded beach and to choose a lifeguarded try Always flags. If you yellow and red the between bodyboard about beach, learn more to a lifeguarded it can’t make local and read go, you chosen location before your safety signs. if board your onto leash and hold your wear Always float. you will help – it trouble get into you in big with a mate, especially to bodyboard try Always calling by the alarm in an emergency They can raise swell. the coastguard. for or 112 and asking 999 you’ll when going and you’re where someone else Tell by the coastguard with the alarm They can raise be back. overdue. are you if or 112 calling 999 Check the weather and forecast, swell and the tide yourself out. challenge Don’t to be caught easy times. It’s limits. your and know too early, for your arm and shout raise difficulty, get into you If trouble. can get into experienced bodyboarders help. Even Consider depth or fins staying wearing within your in case a rip current. out by get caught you KEY MESSAGES KEY • • • • • • Find out more: RNLI.org/bodyboarding Find out more: COASTEERING Motivations recognised provider. Anyone coasteering without the supervisionandguidance of a Target audience • • • Attitudes to safety adventure, exploration or adrenaline. the coast that are normally inaccessible.For others, it’s the For some,it’s aboutbeinginnature and discovering areas of cave-exploringshore-scrambling, andcliff-jumping. swell-riding, Those who coasteerenjoy exploring the coastby rock-hopping, 34 COASTEERING get in trouble. get local knowledge,planningandexperiencecancause them to precautions (like wearing safetyequipment)but their lack of Those who coasteerindependently may take somesafety instructor isincontrol. as they feel the risks recognise the Peoplenot often do members have to meetsafetystandards. Providers that are National Coasteering Charter (NCC) COASTEERING Always use a recognised National Coasteering Charter Coasteering National use a recognised Always (NCC) provider. staff professionally has provider your that Check disciplines. water safety technical and trained in both Concentrate on how the behaviour change will enhance their their enhance will change the behaviour on how Concentrate will still NCC provider recognised example, a For motivations. to ensure will also help locations and to great them take their safety. to people to speak and NCC providers clubs youth Use schools, about coasteering. KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/safety Find out more: • • How to speak to the audience speak to to How • • 36 COMMERCIAL FISHING

Target audience All fishermen in the under-15m commercial fishing fleet – particularly those who don’t wear a PFD when appropriate.

Motivations Making a living is the main driver but, for some, it’s also about family traditions, the lifestyle, or being outdoors and on the sea.

Attitudes to safety • Many acknowledge that fishing is dangerous but believe ‘it will not happen to me’. • Uptake in wearing of personal flotation devices (PFDs) is increasing voluntarily, but still remains low. • Fish equals income, so fishermen are more likely to accept high levels of risk in order to get their next catch.

How to speak to commercial fisherman • Concentrate on how the behaviour change will enhance their motivations. For example, wearing a lifejacket, checking vessel stability and updating deck machinery will allow them to continue catching more fish and support their families. Having a man overboard recovery plan will help keep them and their crew safe in an emergency – so they can fish another day. • Make the message relevant to your area – talk about fishing and fishermen in the area and how the behaviour change will benefit them. FISHING COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL FISHING

KEY MESSAGES

• Always wear a personal flotation device (PFD). Make sure it is fit for purpose and correctly maintained. A 2019 UK law states that it is mandatory for fishermen to wear a PFD on any open deck, unless they have a risk assessment that shows they cannot fall overboard. • Carry a means of calling for help. Consider attaching a personal locator beacon (PLB) to your PFD, so it’s in reach at all times – particularly in a man overboard situation. Make sure you know how to activate your PLB in an emergency. • Have a man overboard recovery plan. Choose a recovery device suitable for your vessel and make sure everyone onboard knows the plan and has practised it. • Check vessel stability. By keeping your vessel’s stability in mind throughout a trip, you can significantly reduce the risk of capsize, leaking or swamping. • Update deck machinery if identified as potentially dangerous. All crew should be fully trained on the equipment they are using, and regular risk assessments should be carried out to spot hazards and dangers on deck.

Find out more: RNLI.org/commercial-fishing DINGHY SAILING Motivations adverse conditions. Dinghy sailors of allages,particularly those who sailalone or in Target audience • • • How to speakto theaudience • • • Attitudes to safety water.being onthe just exercisesocial aspect, and fitness, adventure andexploration, or about the enjoyment, thrill andcompetition.For someit’s the handed dinghies to high-performance foiling boats.For many it’s People enjoy dinghy sailingina vast range of boats, from single- 38 DINGHY SAILING Use sailingclubs to reinforce your messages. benefit them. boat sailingin the area andhow the behaviourchange will Make the messagerelevant to your area. So talk aboutsmall explore further, andalsosurvive if they getinto trouble. a means of calling for help will allow them to adventure and will allow them to sail faster while remaining safe. Carrying motivations. For example,checkingandupdating equipment Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their and tides. weather the Many wear PFDsand follow safetyprocedures, like checking Some feel that raceprocedures mitigateany risks. There’s ahighperception of the risksinvolved. DINGHY SAILING Make sure you are also wearing wearing also are you sure Make wear a PFD. Always clothing suitable for weather. the forecasted your on for help of calling carry a means Always of calling means your to reach must be able You person. it’s If it can’t be reached, in an emergency. for help easily the with taking a mobile phone Consider no help. app. SafeTrx Always check the forecast and tide times. weather the conditions. out by Don’t get caught you’ll when going and you’re where someone else Tell by the coastguard with the alarm They can raise be back. overdue. are you if or 112 calling 999 body, national governing your Contact Hone your skills. club or watersports find outactivity to what centre needs. your for training is best KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/boating Find out more: • • • • • KAYAKING conditions, puts them atahigherrisk. frequently.challenging in often The paddling, frequency oftheir the risks. Also, thrillseekers who are highly skilledandpaddle infrequently butenjoy achallengeandmaybeunaware of Men aged20–50. Ambitious, untrainedlearners who paddle • How to speakto paddlers • • • • Attitudes to safety inflatable kayaks toseaandsurfkayaks, outriggersandcanoes. covers abroad range of activitiesandcraft, from sit-on-top and it for exercise and fitness, others for fishing.Kayakingandcanoeing social side or the adventure, explorationandadrenaline. Some do For someit’s achance to relax andgetaway. Others enjoy the Motivations Target audience 40 CANOEING KAYAKING AND This group are increasingly beingreferred to as'paddlers'. alarm if they getinto difficulty, especially if theycapsize. on their person. This leads to their notbeingable to raise the They usually carry ameans of calling for help, butnotalways safety procedures. andfollow (PFD) device personal flotation Some consider themselves experienced paddlersand wear a Many feel they couldsurvive anincident. less so. Experienced paddlersare generally aware of the risks.Novices,

KAYAKING Always carry a means of calling for help on your your on for help of calling carry a means Always in an it easily to reach must be able You person. the with taking a mobile phone Consider emergency. app. SafeTrx wearing also are you sure Make wear a PFD. Always suitable clothing for weather. the forecasted Always check the forecast and tide times. weather the conditions. out by Don’t get caught details with contact equipment your labelling Consider safe. are you can check the coastguard lost, if it’s so, you’ll when going and you’re where else someone Tell by the coastguard with the alarm They can raise be back. overdue. are you or 112 if calling 999 body, national governing your Contact Hone your skills. club or watersports find outactivity to what centre needs. your for training is best or in a group. friend a with to paddle try Always they can help if needed. fun and it more This makes Concentrate on how the behaviour change will enhance their will enhance change behaviour the how on Concentrate for help calling of a means carrying example, For motivations. will to allow them contact their mates fall if they or behind get longer, for to get away them allows This for assistance. call and push more explore their adventure, increase exercise, more their boundaries. kayaking about Talk area. your to the message relevant Make will change the behaviour how and locally and canoeing benefit them. KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/kayaking Find out more: • • • • • • • • • 42 KITESURFING

Target audience Kitesurfers of all skill levels, particularly those who kite alone or in adverse conditions.

Motivations For many it’s about the adrenaline buzz and forgetting their cares.

Attitudes to safety

KITESURFING • Kitesurfers want the rush, not the risk, but the risk can provide the rush. • Self-rescue is a key skill for kitesurfers, right from the outset.

How to speak to kitesurfers • Concentrate on how the behaviour change will enhance their motivations. For instance, carrying a means of calling for help will allow them to get away for longer, push their limits and get more of a buzz – safe in the knowledge they can get help if they get into trouble. • Use kitesurfing shops, launch sites, beaches, and kitesurfing clubs and schools to speak to kitesurfers. KITESURFING

Never Never further than ride out Kite within your Kite your within limitations. you can swim back. Consider labelling your gear with gear your labelling Consider can swim back. you you can check the coastguard lost, if it’s so, details contact to complete a self-rescue practise how safe. Learn and are and a deep-water pack down. weather conditions and current forecast, the Check winds and conditions offshore out in tide times. Don’t go for kite the correct using you’re Check can’t handle. you do not size, the correct do not have you the conditions. If go out. They can help with another person. to kite try Always the alarm kite, and can also raise your launch and land the for asking or 112 and calling 999 by in an emergency coastguard. for help. Consider a for calling carry a means Always if kitesurfing personal locator beacon (PLB) - especially alone. It could be a lifesaver. you sure device. Make flotation wear a personal Always forecasted the for wearing suitable clothing also are weather conditions. you’ll when going and you’re where else someone Tell by the coastguard with the alarm They can raise be back. overdue. are you or 112 if calling 999 KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/kitesurfing Find out more: • • • • • • MOTORBOATING social aspects. on the water andrelaxing. For others it’s about the lifestyleand powerboats andmotorcruisers.For many it’s aboutgetting out Motorboating covers a wide range of craft, from smallRIBs to Motivations shorewith dinghiesortenders. accessing the Men aged46–86 who are experienced boaters,particularly those Target audience • • • How to speakto powerboaters • • • • Attitudes to safety 44 MOTORBOATING powerboaters and reinforce your message. Use chandleries,launch sites,marinasandclubs to speak to benefit them. powerboating locally andhow the behaviourchange will Make the messagerelevant to your area, so talk about they desire. relax with confidenceandhelp themmaintain thelifestyle more, water access the and their friends to allow them will wearing alifejacket, equipmentchecksandhavingsafetyplans motivations. For example,carryingameans of calling for help, Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their machinery failure. This is the largest singlecause of RNLIcall outs. Many boaters fail to carry out basicmaintenance, which causes conditions. They feel more complacentaboutsafetyat these times. Many boatersare more atrisk during the summerandincalm of boating. may vary dependingonthetype equipment safety level of The the risks. Some will undertake riskybehaviourandmaynotrecognise all

MOTORBOATING If you If you use tender to or a dinghy access your Always wear an appropriate lifejacket or buoyancy aid or buoyancy lifejacket wear an appropriate Always when on deck. lifejacket. your wear always you sure boat make for help. Ensure of calling carry a means Always having Consider to use it. knows how onboard everyone can also You app. SafeTrx the an additional method like the and it can alert voyage, your to plan this app use should also register You overdue. are you if coastguard this with the vessel through app. your coastguard fitted and carry a spare. if cord wear a kill Always and practise develop your Develop skills. In particular, and onboard with everyone procedures overboard man governing your national Contact conduct a safety briefing. or club watersports body, find outactivity to which centre you. for training is best sure Always forecast times. Make check the and tide the to that is appropriate boat at a speed your drive you within. operating are you conditions and environment you’ll when going and you’re where else someone Tell by the coastguard with the alarm They can raise be back. overdue. are you or 112 if calling 999 well maintained. And engine is your always Ensure you problems fix any to tools and spares carry adequate for fuel enough have you encounter – and ensure journey. your KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/boating Find out more: • • • • • • • 46 OPEN-WATER SWIMMING

Target audience Men aged 16+ (especially those aged 20–29) and people who are familiar with the area. Even the strongest swimmers can tire quickly in the sea.

Motivations People swim to relax or do it for fun and fitness.

Attitudes to safety • Swimmers may overestimate their ability and underestimate the unseen currents, cold water and waves that make open- water swimming more challenging. • They may not always recognise all the risks. • They don’t always think it’s necessary to swim between the flags.

How to speak to swimmers • Concentrate on how the behaviour change will enhance their motivations. For example, their swimming experience can be the best – and they will have the most fun – between the flags.

SWIMMING • Make the message relevant to your area and talk about OPEN WATER WATER OPEN swimming locally and how the behaviour change will benefit them. KEY MESSAGES

• Always try to choose a lifeguarded beach and swim between the red and yellow flags. If you can’t make it to a lifeguarded beach, learn more about your chosen location before you go, and read local hazard signs. • Check weather forecast and tide times. • Always carry a means of calling for help. You must be able to reach it in an emergency. Consider taking a mobile phone with the SafeTrx app. • Acclimatise to cold water slowly and enter gradually to reduce the risk of cold water shock. Always swim parallel to the shore and not straight out. Cold water and currents can tire you quickly and make it harder to return to shore. • Always consider using a tow float, and wear a brightly coloured swim hat. This will increase your visibility in the water. • Tell someone else where you’re going and when you’ll be back. They can raise the alarm with the coastguard by calling 999 or 112 if you are overdue. • Never swim alone or under the influence of alcohol, medication or drugs. • If you see someone in trouble, call 999 or 112 and ask for the coastguard. OPEN WATER SWIMMING

Find out more: RNLI.org/safety 48 PERSONAL WATERCRAFT

Target audience Anyone going afloat alone, in adverse conditions, with poorly maintained kit or without a kill cord.

Motivations People enjoy the freedom, thrill and adventure, pushing their limits and being part of an unpredictable environment.

Attitudes to safety • Users often wear safety equipment – including wetsuit, PFD and kill cord. • Some may get too close to others, create waves and turn sharply – all of which increase risk. • Some may not adhere to speed limits. • Many fail to carry out basic maintenance or carry enough fuel. This can leave them vulnerable in busy waterways or hazardous areas.

How to speak to the audience • Concentrate on how the behaviour change will enhance their motivations. For example, sticking to speed limits in restricted areas will keep the harbour master off their back and give them more freedom. • Use launch sites to speak to personal watercraft riders. PERSONAL WATERCRAFT WATERCRAFT PERSONAL PERSONAL

KEY MESSAGES

• Always wear a personal flotation device. Stay with your craft in an emergency, it will keep you afloat and easy to locate. Make sure you are also wearing suitable clothing for the forecasted conditions. • Always carry a means of calling for help on your person. You must be able to reach it easily in an emergency. If it can’t be reached, it’s no help. Consider taking a mobile phone with the SafeTrx app. • Develop your skills. Contact your national governing body, club or watersports activity centre to find out which training is best for your needs. • Tell someone else where you’re going and when you’ll be back. They can raise the alarm with the coastguard by calling 999 or 112 if you are overdue. • Always check the forecast and tide times. Don’t get caught out by the conditions. • Ensure your engine is well maintained. Always carry adequate tools and spares to fix any problems you encounter, and ensure you have enough fuel for your journey. • Always check your equipment. In particular, make sure the drainage plug is in place. • Always wear a kill cord if fitted and carry a spare.

Find out more: RNLI.org/safety ROWING Target audience of their governing bodies. gigs and ocean). Many of whom are rowing outside the influence rowing or sculling(including fine boats,stablecoastal,surf, Mostly menaged16–54 years old, taking partinallkinds of • • How to speakto rowers • • • Attitudes to safety physical challenge. and fitness, orthe health competition, for it for the Some do Some rowers enjoy being on the water aspart of acrew. Motivations Incorporating all forms of rowing all forms Incorporating 50 ROWING Use launchsitesandclubs to speak to rowers andscullers. staying safe. their crew to competehard androw for longer while and carryingameans of calling for help will allow them and motivations. For instance: wearing asuitable flotation device Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their Some underestimate the impact of cold water shock. perceived bulkiness andrestricted movement. personal flotation deviceduetothe a wear majority don’t The Rowers don’t consider their sportrisky. ROWING Contact your national governing national governing your Contact body, or your or your local body, club or find out watersports to centre, which training is for you. best Always carry a means of calling for help on your your on for help of calling carry a means Always in an it easily to reach must be able person. You Consider no help. it’s If it can’t be reached, emergency. rowing when app SafeTrx the with taking a mobile phone in open water. sure device. Make flotation wear a personal Always forecasted the for wearing suitable clothing also are you weather conditions. out. can cause Collisions a good look keep Always serious injuries. Always forecast times. Don’t get check the and tide caught out the by conditions. or capsize, fall overboard always If you stay with the boat for visibility and flotation. you’ll when going and you’re where else someone Tell by the coastguard with the alarm They can raise be back. overdue. are you or 112 if calling 999 your Develop skills. KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/safety Find out more: • • • • • • • cardiac health. risk from underlying medicalconditions,particularly relating to predominantly men over 50. They’re experienced divers butare at necessary precautions. Also, older andmore experienced divers, and don’ttakeIreland in the UK or experience ofdiving little have Young intermediate divers, predominantly men aged18−30.Most Target audience • How to speakto divers • • • • • • Attitudes to safety relaxingsocialising, and learning. Divers enjoy beingunderwater, seeing the marine world, Motivations 52 SCUBA DIVING carrying out buddychecks, dive plans,andhavingameans of motivations. For instance:checking your healthand fitness, Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their All divers will have undergone basic training. and inexperienced when diving in UK or Irish waters. There’s ageneralconsensus that those trained abroad are risky Many are notsufficiently aware ofpotentialhealthrisks. the risks. They recognise the dangers, but do notalways mitigate emergencies. sorts of all Manywith feel trainedtodeal They feel safe when diving and take lots of equipment. SCUBA DIVING See a health care professional professional care See a health health checks. Get regular to a high due vital, is This doctor. diving or a registered issues. cardiac number non-diving related like health risks. Conditions diving-specific of Be aware decompression oedema (IPO) and immersion pulmonary to early Act while underwater. develop illness (DCI) may ensure develop. serious don't problems you the have Make sure right for your of training level planning (including checking dive diving. It should include: the on visibility and weather), buddy checks, tides and the (SMB) use. buoy surface such as surface marker diving UK and Irish for training specifically Get the skills and with you will equip conditions. This sea diver the RNLI example, For safely. dive to expertise survival course. for help. of calling Carry a means carrying a personal locator beacon in a Consider equipment is in service. your Ensure canister. waterproof calling for help will help you and your mates get in the water, water, the get in mates your and you will help for help calling see more. conditions and the manage the Make message to your area relevant talk – diving about them. benefit will change the behaviour how and locally KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/dive Find out more: • • • • • • • 54 STAND-UP PADDLEBOARDING (SUP)

Target audience Adventure stand-up paddleboarders.

Motivations SUP is easily accessible for people who want to explore the coastline and waterways on flat water, and for those who like to use their boards in the surf. For some, it’s the chance to relax and STAND-UP get away. For others it’s the social aspect, for exercise and fitness,

PADDLEBOARDING adventure and exploration or the adrenaline.

Attitudes to safety People feel safe when stand-up paddleboarding.

How to speak to stand-up paddlers • Concentrate on how the behaviour change will enhance their motivations. For instance, carrying a means of calling for help will allow them to get away for longer, get more exercise, explore more, and push their boundaries – knowing they can easily contact their mates or call for assistance. • Make the message relevant to your area, so talk about stand- up paddleboarding locally and how the behaviour change will benefit them. • Use watersports shops and activity providers to speak to stand-up paddleboarders to reinforce your message. KEY MESSAGES

• Always wear your leash and hold onto your board if you get into trouble. It will help you float. • Always carry a means of calling for help on your person. You must be able to reach it easily in an emergency. If it can’t be reached, it’s no help. Consider taking a mobile phone with the SafeTrx app. • Always try to choose a lifeguarded beach and make sure you launch and recover between the black and white chequered flags. PADDLEBOARDING • Tell someone else where you’re going and when you’ll be back. They can raise the alarm with the coastguard by STAND-UP calling 999 or 112 if you are overdue. • Always check the weather forecast and tide times. Don’t get caught out by the conditions. Avoid offshore winds because they will tire you quickly when trying to return to shore • Always wear a personal flotation device. Make sure you are also wearing suitable clothing for the forecasted conditions. • Always try to paddle with someone else. They can raise the alarm in an emergency by calling 999 or 112 and asking for the coastguard.

Find out more: RNLI.org/SUP SURFING Motivations outside of lifeguard hours. Those who surf outside the blackand white flagged areas, or Target audience • • How to speakto surfers • • • Attitudes to safety and fashion. culture enjoy the lifestyle, which values freedom of choice,as well as the part of the naturalenvironment, with itsunpredictability. Many Surfers enjoy the thrill andadventure of andbeing their sport, 56 SURFING Use surfshops,beachesandclubs to speak to surfers. them to get the best waves, stayin for longerandsurfmore. flags withsomeoneelse,andchecking the forecast, willallow motivations. For example,surfingbetween the blackand white Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their surfing. safe when into situationsbeyond Despite their skillset. this, they feel Intermediate surfers often stretch themselves andmayget when the waves are big). Experienced surfersare more able to manageconditions(even surfing. appeal of part ofthe is risk The thrillofthe SURFING Always try to choose a lifeguarded beach and surf to choose a lifeguarded try Always can’t make you If flags. white and the black between chosen your about beach, learn more to a lifeguarded it signs and seek local hazard read go, you location before local advice. on hold trouble, get into you Always wear your leash. If float. you will help It board. your to big in with someone else, especially to surf try Always the can raise They one another. for out swell. Surfers look for or 112 and asking calling 999 by alarm in an emergency the coastguard. be you’ll when going and you’re where someone Tell by the coastguard with alarm the back. They can raise overdue. are you or 112 if calling 999 Check the weather and forecasts, tide and the swell out. to get caught times. It is easy limits. your Know too early. yourself Don’t challenge for your arm and shout raise difficulty, get into you If difficulty. experienced surfers can get into help. Even KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/surfing Find out more: • • • • • • • TOMBSTONING Motivations coasteering provider. cliffs andbridges, without the supervision of arecognised Anyone jumping or diving from heights,suchaspiers,jetties, Target audience • • • How to speakto tombstoners water shock. as changing tides and water depth, submerged itemsandcold Tombstoners are pooratidentifying the risksinvolved, such Attitudes to safety and thrill. Tombstoning isasocialactivity, involving adrenaline, risk 58 TOMBSTONING Use school and youth clubs to speak totombstoners. clubs to and youth school Use and betterplaces that others cannotget to. provider will allow them and their mates to jump from higher motivations. For example,usingaregistered coasteering Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their having fun. thrillseekers or any other collective name. They justsee themselves as refer tothemselvesas tombstoners not Many tombstonersdo TOMBSTONING Make sure you have a means of a means have you sure Make It may be impossible to get out of out to get It may be impossible calling for help with you. In an emergency call 999 or 112 call 999 In an emergency you. with for help calling the coastguard. for and ask drugs of alcohol, the influence while under jump Never or peer pressure. Check for access. the water. be you’ll when and going you’re where someone Tell by the coastguard with the alarm back. They can raise overdue. are you or 112 if calling 999 Try coasteering with a registered provider provider with a registered coasteering Don’t jump. Try training and the necessary will provide They instead. the experience both safe to make equipment and enjoyable. water – every the on and around in, for hazards Check might not be rocks as submerged such time. Hazards visible due to the state of the tide, so it is to important check the depth of the water. Never own. go on your KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/safety Find out more: • • • • • • Simply put, no. Simply to walking,scrambling, and swimming involves Coasteering a often involves the coastline. It along complete a journey around providers are There water. deeper of jumps into series who are and local knowledge training with specialised UK the Charter (NCC). Coasteering the National by recognised people where activity unregulated is a high-risk, Tombstoning from height jump or dive into water. Is tombstoning the same as coasteering? same the Is tombstoning 60 WALKING AND DOG WALKING

Target audience Anyone walking alone or with their dog. Especially those who walk in remote locations they are familiar with.

Motivations Many people go walking to relax and get outside. Some do it for exercise or simply because they want to get from A to B. For others it’s about the lifestyle and social aspects.

Attitudes to safety • Walkers feel they are not in danger of going in the water. • Many underestimate the risks involved such as slips, trips, falls and being cut off by the tide. • If a dog or animal gets into trouble at the coast, many walkers don't prioritise their own safety and will go in after them. This puts them at risk and is a cause of many RNLI call outs.

How to speak to walkers and dog walkers • Concentrate on how the behaviour change will enhance their motivations. For example, carrying a means of calling for help will help them get the most out of their walk and help them maintain their lifestyle. • Make the message relevant to your area. So talk about walking in the area and how the behaviour change will benefit them.

DOG WALKING DOG WALKING AND AND WALKING WALKING AND DOG WALKING

KEY MESSAGES

• Float to live. If you find yourself unexpectedly in the water, fight your instinct to swim until you can breathe comfortably. • Take care and be wary of all edges around the sea and waterside. Slips and falls happen in all locations, not just high cliff edges. Try to stick to marked pathways. • Always take a means of calling for help. If you or someone else is in trouble call 999 or 112 and ask for the coastguard. Consider taking a mobile phone with the SafeTrx app. • Always check the weather forecast and tide times. Make sure you don’t get caught out by the conditions. • Tell someone else where you’re going and when you’ll be back. They can raise the alarm with the coastguard by calling 999 or 112 if you are overdue.

DOG WALKING KEY MESSAGES

• Keep your dog on a lead if you're close to cliff edges or the water’s edge. • If your dog goes into the water or gets stuck in mud, don’t go in after them. Move to a place where the dog could get out easily and call them – they will probably get out by themselves. If you’re worried your dog can't get out, call 999 or 112 and ask for the coastguard.

Find out more: RNLI.org/walking

Find out more: RNLI.org/TopDog WINDSURFING Motivations in adverse conditions. Windsurfers of allskilllevels, particularly those who goalone or Target audience • How to speakto windsurfers • • • Attitudes to safety water.escaping outonthe others it’s more about developing skills, the socialaspect, or For many it’s aboutenjoyment, adrenaline andcompetition.For 62 WINDSURFING other’s skills. allows you share the experience,competeand develop each and enjoy yourself for longer. Or going with anotherperson ride more stayout forone allow you to will windsurfing while motivations. For example,carryingameans of calling for help Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their incidents. cause of may getinto difficulty due toequipment failure, acommon risk thatthey accept the windsurfers experienced Even very water fatigued andcold. Like to stay out for ‘one more run’ meaning they canbe on the They safe whenwindsurfing. feel WINDSURFING Contact your national governing national governing your Contact body, club or watersports body, find outactivity to which centre needs. your for training is best device (PFD) flotation wear a personal Always the for wearing suitable clothing also you’re sure Make weather conditions. forecasted Consider a Consider for help. for calling carry a means Always windsurfing if (PLB) - especially personal locator beacon taking a mobile Consider . alone. It could be a lifesaver app. phone with the SafeTrx They can raise with another person. to sail try Always or 112 and calling 999 by the alarm in an emergency asking for the coastguard. you’ll when going and you’re where someone else Tell by the coastguard with the alarm be back. They can raise overdue. are you if or 112 calling 999 back. can swim you than further out sail Never details so with contact equipment your labelling Consider safe. are you can check the coastguard lost if it’s your Develop skills. KEY MESSAGES KEY Find out more: RNLI.org/safety Find out more: • • • • • • YACHT SAILING Those accessing the shore with dinghies and tenders. shorewith dinghies accessing the Those experience inhow to useit. They usually have plenty of safetykitbutlittlepractical Also, menand women aged41–60cruising, often inretirement. are the mostexperiencedperson onboard. Men aged41–60. Self-taught sailors who often sailalone or who Target audience • • • How to speakto sailors • • Attitudes to safety water.on the freedom andself-reliance, plus the simplepleasure of beingby or used for bothcruisingandracing.Many sailorslove the sense of Yacht sailingencompasses a variety of craftinarange of sizes, Motivations 64 YACHT SAILING Use marinas,shops andclubs to reinforce your message. the area and how the behaviourchange will benefit them. Make the messagerelevant to your area. Talk aboutsailingin an emergency. freedom on the water, plusimprove your chances of survivalin help will allow you to bemore independent andincrease your motivations. For example,carryingameans of calling for Concentrate on how the behaviourchange will enhance their sailing when risks not thinktheytake majority do The Feel safe when sailing YACHT SAILING Contact your national governing national governing your Contact Practise man overboard procedures procedures overboard Practise man with everyone onboard and conduct a safety briefing. onboard with everyone Get the right training. Always wear a lifejacket on deck and a harness where where harness deck and a on wear a lifejacket Always If you use appropriate. or tender to a dinghy access your lifejacket. your wear always you sure boat, make Consider for help. of calling carry a means Always can You app. SafeTrx the like having an additional method the can alert and it voyage, your to plan this app also use should also register You overdue. are you if coastguard this with the vessel through app. your coastguard your Develop skills. body, club or watersports activity centre to get the best to get activity centre watersports or club body, training for your needs. Always the check forecast weather and tide times. you’ll when going and you’re where else someone Tell the coastguard with the alarm be back. They can raise using Consider overdue. are you or 112 if calling 999 by the as it can alert voyage your to plan app SafeTrx a coastguard overdue. if you are well maintained. Plus always engine is your Ensure tools and adequate journey, your for fuel carry enough and spares. KEY MESSAGES KEY • • • • • • • Find out more: RNLI.org/boating Find out more: FAQS flotation devices (PFDs). flotation devices swim. Bothlifejackets andbuoyancy aidsare types of personal up. Buoyancy aids are only recommended for people who can way right notdesignedtoturn you the is but help you float to or anon-swimmer. A buoyancy aidincreases your buoyancy your airwayclear of the water –even if you are unconscious keep and back is designedtoturn you ontoyour and water A lifejacket provides enoughbuoyancy to support you in the such as OS Locate or What3Words. will also display the position aslatandlong, or useanapp of the surroundings. On somesmartphones, the compassapp If you are unsure where you are, first give aclear description cannot fall overboard.shows they that a PFD on the open deck, unless they have ariskassessment mandatory for all UK andIrishcommercial fishermen to wear what size the vessel is. As of 2019, the lawstates that itis matter no an open vessel orondeck, when on PFDs wear must metres, peopleunder16 PFDsmustbe worn; andc) years old leisure craft for everyone onboard; b) when a vessel isunder7 appropriate personal flotation devices(PFDs)are carried onall wear alifejacket. However, inIreland the lawrequires a) that: In the UK there isn’talegalrequirement for leisure boaters to lifejacket, abuoyancy aidandaPFD? What isthedifference between a 66 describe mylocation to thecoastguard? How doIfindmylocation or Is italegal requirement to wear lifejackets? FAQS FAQS Dial 999 or 112 and ask for the coastguard. for and ask or 112 Dial 999 Describe your location. group. your of people and craft in the number Describe Describe the problem. additional information. any Give What is the difference is the difference What MOB? and an AIS a PLB between Why have you included 112 – isn’t it just 999? – isn’t it just included 112 you have Why How do I call for help by phone? for do I call How A personal locator beacon (PLB) is a manually activated device device activated manually beacon (PLB) is a A personal locator that sends Cospas-sarsat to the a distress signal through It is centre. coordination to a rescue then and satellite system, A (GMDSS) approved. System Safety Distress Global Maritime Beacon Registry. UK the with free, for registered PLB should be activated. to be manually A PLB has (MOB) overboard system (AIS) man Automatic identification electronically works by that device is a personal locator via stations with multiple ships and base data exchanging the UK by the in or monitored GMDSS approved is not It VHF. open in 5 miles limited in range (around and is Coastguard, to device can be rigged in a lifejacket AIS MOB An water). lifejacket. of a the inflation with activate automatically 999 and 112 are the UK and Ireland’s two emergency numbers, emergency two Ireland’s and UK the are 112 and 999 the 112 is to using either number. or benefit is no risk there the emergency for contacting number standard European other countries. works in services and also 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. FAQS get through. 112 (ifpreregistered) if the phone signalis weak, asa text may to block the signal. You can also try sendinga text to 999 or enough be may as this head, side ofyour phone ontheother struggling to make acallinanemergency, it’s worth trying the the screen. Even if the phonehasnocredit it will call.If you’re on calls only’ ‘emergency will tellyouwith phones this Some any provider’s network for emergency calls to 999 or 112. If you don’t have any signal, don’t panic! Your mobilecanuse 4. 3. 2. 1. call onmyphoneifIdon’thave asignal? Can Imake anemergency for helponaVHFradio? How doIcall FAQS ‘OVER.’ and wait for aresponse. further information). required, number of peopleand craft, followed by any natureassistance ofdistress,(describe the the … ‘WE ARE (describe positionandgive GPS locationifpossible). ‘MY POSITIONIS… ‘MAYDAY name). …(your name IS…(your three‘THIS times). ‘MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. Press andhold transmit buttonandsay: Activate DSCalertif fitted. Switch to highpower. Go to channel16. FAQS What is a Community Lifesaving Plan? What is a Community Lifesaving What’s the difference the difference What’s RNLI? and the the Coastguard between Every community is different. A Community Lifesaving Plan Community A different. community is Every the local within the highest risk activities (CLP) identifies to safety advice can be given that relevant community so local community through done This is those most at risk. and initiatives engagement, accident reduction response. emergency Her Majesty’s Coastguard (HMCG) – commonly known as (HMCG) – commonly Coastguard Her Majesty’s Maritime UK government’s the of – is part Coastguard the of all maritime and in charge Agency (MCA) Coastguard and Coast The Irish UK. the operations in and rescue search call 999 you If of Ireland. the Republic covers (IRCG) Guard for radio and ask VHF a from call an emergency or make the will you coastguard, be to put through an operations which will centre, the coordinate response and task the teams rescue such as lifeboats, coastguard assets appropriate or a helicopter to the in the operation Coastguards incident. volunteers service rescue upon coastguard can call centres day, hours a 24 to respond the coast, ready based all around The teams trained are with highly specialist 365 days a year. care casualty rescues, and rope mud water, out to carry skills vulnerable people. for missing and and searches Institution (RNLI) is an National Lifeboat The Royal 24/7 a It’s UK and Ireland. the independent charity in the of asset declared that is a service lifeboat volunteer the registered to an incident. It is tasked to be coastguard on- an It provides 1824). at sea (since lives that saves charity service and a seasonal and rescue lifeboat search call, 24-hour rescue capability. flood with service, along lifeguard CORE MESSAGES

While each activity comes with its own specific risks and safety advice, there are a few messages that cover all activity areas.

Flotation

• Always wear a lifejacket or buoyancy aid. • Know how to float in an emergency.

Calling for help

• Always carry a means of calling for help and keep it on your person.

Weather and tides

• Always check the weather forecast and tide times.

In case of an emergency

• Always tell someone else where you’re going and when you’ll be back. • If you see someone in trouble call 999 or 112 and ask for the coastguard.

Find out more: RNLI.org/safety

The RNLI is the charity that saves lives at sea Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), a charity registered in England and Wales (209603), Scotland (SC037736), the Republic of Ireland (20003326), the Bailiwick of Jersey (14), the Isle of Man, the Bailiwick of Guernsey and Alderney SSY092