Spence, Richard Brian EDUCATION BEYOND HIGH
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Boris Kolonitskii, “'Democracy' in the Political Consciousness of The
"Democracy" in the Political Consciousness of the February Revolution Author(s): Boris Ivanovich Kolonitskii Source: Slavic Review, Vol. 57, No. 1 (Spring, 1998), pp. 95-106 Published by: Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2502054 . Accessed: 17/09/2013 09:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Slavic Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.197.27.9 on Tue, 17 Sep 2013 09:58:33 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions "Democracy" in the Political Consciousness of the FebruaryRevolution Boris Ivanovich Kolonitskii Historians of quite diverging orientations have interpreted the Feb- ruary revolution of 1917 in Russia as a "democratic" revolution. Sev- eral generations of Marxists of various stripes (tolk) have called it a "bourgeois-democratic revolution." In the years of perestroika, the contrast between democratic February and Bolshevik October became an important part of the historical argument of the anticommunist movement. The February revolution was regarded as a dramatic, un- successful attempt at the modernization and westernization of Russia, as its democratization. -
454 Ajalugu Piltides Sisu ENG 2012.Pdf
8000 BC 1000 BC to 1000 AD 1154 1100s 1200s 1219 13th–16th c 14th–15th c 1500s 1523–4 late 1500s 1600s 1700s early 1800s 1857–1869 late 1800s 1905–18 1918 1919–20 1920s 1930s 1940 1941 1941 1944 1949 1940s–50s 1956–68 1970s late 1980s 1991 1991 1992 1994 2004–2012 People have lived in this part of the world for more than 10 000 years. The reindeer- hunting ancestors of present- day Estonians were probably the first humans to move to the virgin land exposed by the retreating ice. Arguably, it is hard to find another nation in Europe who has stayed this long in one place. Tools of the Stone Age hunters from the Pulli 8000 BC camp site. 8000 BC 1000 BC to 1000 AD 1154 1100s 1200s 1219 13th–16th c 14th–15th c 1500s 1523–4 late 1500s 1600s 1700s early 1800s 1857–1869 late 1800s 1905–18 1918 1919–20 1920s 1930s 1940 1941 1941 1944 1949 1940s–50s 1956–68 1970s late 1980s 1991 1991 1992 1994 2004–2012 1000 BC to The Holy Lake in the 1000 AD Standing next to the crater Kaali meteorite crater made by the only meteorite to fall on a densely settled in Saaremaa: a major region in the historical era – during the Bronze Age place of worship of the Mediterranean – it is hard not to contemplate for the ancients of how the people of the past might have sought spiritual Northern Europe? guidance at this very spot for hundreds of years. ERGO IAM DEXTRO SUEBICI In 1154, Estonia was depicted on MARIS LITORE AESTIORUM a world map for 1154 the first time. -
Konrad Mägi 9
SISUKORD CONTENT 7 EESSÕNA 39 KONRAD MÄGI 9 9 FOREWORD 89 ADO VABBE 103 NIKOLAI TRIIK 13 TRADITSIOONI 117 ANTS LAIKMAA SÜNNIKOHT 136 PAUL BURMAN 25 THE BIRTHPLACE OF 144 HERBERT LUKK A TRADITION 151 ALEKSANDER VARDI 158 VILLEM ORMISSON 165 ENDEL KÕKS 178 JOHANNES VÕERAHANSU 182 KARL PÄRSIMÄGI 189 KAAREL LIIMAND 193 LEPO MIKKO 206 EERIK HAAMER 219 RICHARD UUTMAA 233 AMANDUS ADAMSON 237 ANTON STARKOPF Head tartlased, Lõuna-Eesti väljas on 16 tema tööd eri loominguperioodidest. 11 rahvas ja kõik Eesti kunstisõbrad! Kokku on näitusel eksponeeritud 57 maali ja 3 skulptuuri 17 kunstnikult. Mul on olnud ammusest ajast soov ja unistus teha oma kunstikollektsiooni näitus Tartu Tänan väga meeldiva koostöö eest Tartu linnapead Kunstimuuseumis. On ju eesti maalikunsti sünd 20. Urmas Klaasi ja Tartu linnavalitsust, Signe Kivi, sajandi alguses olnud olulisel määral seotud Tartuga Hanna-Liis Konti, Jaanika Kuznetsovat ja Tartu ja minu kunstikogu tuumiku moodustavadki sellest Kunstimuuseumi kollektiivi. Samuti kuulub tänu perioodist ehk eesti kunsti kuldajast pärinevad tööd. meie meeskonnale: näituse kuraatorile Eero Epnerile, kujundajale Tõnis Saadojale, graafilisele Tartuga on seotud mitmed meie kunsti suurkujud, disainerile Tiit Jürnale, meediaspetsialistile Marika eesotsas Konrad Mägiga. See näitus on Reinolile ja Inspiredi meeskonnale, keeletoimetajale pühendatud Eesti Vabariigi 100. juubelile ning Ester Kangurile, tõlkijale Peeter Tammistole ning Konrad Mägi 140. sünniaastapäeva tähistamisele. koordinaatorile Maris Kunilale. Suurim tänu kõigile, kes näituse õnnestumisele kaasa on aidanud! Näituse kuraator Eero Epner on samuti Tartus sündinud ja kasvanud ning lõpetanud Meeldivaid kunstielamusi soovides kunstiajaloolasena Tartu Ülikooli. Tema Enn Kunila nägemuseks on selle näitusega rõhutada Tartu tähtsust eesti kunsti sünniloos. Sellest mõttest tekkiski näituse pealkiri: „Traditsiooni sünd“. -
The Azef Affair and Late Imperial Russian Modernity
Chto Takoe Azefshchina?: The Azef Affair and Late Imperial Russian Modernity By Jason Morton Summer 2011 Jason Morton is a Ph.D. student in the Department of History at the University of California, Berkeley. “Petersburg streets possess one indubitable quality: they transform passersby into shadows.” -Andrei Bely “Now when even was come, he sat down with the twelve. And as they did eat, he said, Verily I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me. And they were exceedingly sorrowful, and began every one of them to say unto him, Lord, is it I? And he answered and said, He that dippeth his hand with me in the dish, the same shall betray me.” -Matthew 26: 20-23 Introduction: Azefshchina- What’s in a name? On January 18, 1909 (O.S.) the former Russian chief of police, A.A. Lopukhin, was arrested and his house was searched. Eleven packages containing letters and documents were sealed up and taken away. 1 Lopukhin stood accused of confirming to representatives of the Socialist Revolutionary Party that one of their oldest and most respected leaders, Evno Azef, had been a government agent working for the secret police (Okhrana) since 1893. The Socialist Revolutionaries (or SRs) were a notorious radical party that advocated the overthrow of the Russian autocracy by any means necessary.2 The Combat Organization (Boevaia Organizatsiia or B.O.) of the SR Party was specifically tasked with conducting acts of revolutionary terror against the government and, since January of 1904, Evno Azef had been the head of this Combat Organization.3 This made him the government’s most highly placed secret agent in a revolutionary organization. -
Estonian Academy of Sciences Yearbook 2018 XXIV
Facta non solum verba ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES YEARBOOK FACTS AND FIGURES ANNALES ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM ESTONICAE XXIV (51) 2018 TALLINN 2019 This book was compiled by: Jaak Järv (editor-in-chief) Editorial team: Siiri Jakobson, Ebe Pilt, Marika Pärn, Tiina Rahkama, Ülle Raud, Ülle Sirk Translator: Kaija Viitpoom Layout: Erje Hakman Photos: Annika Haas p. 30, 31, 48, Reti Kokk p. 12, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52, 53, Janis Salins p. 33. The rest of the photos are from the archive of the Academy. Thanks to all authos for their contributions: Jaak Aaviksoo, Agnes Aljas, Madis Arukask, Villem Aruoja, Toomas Asser, Jüri Engelbrecht, Arvi Hamburg, Sirje Helme, Marin Jänes, Jelena Kallas, Marko Kass, Meelis Kitsing, Mati Koppel, Kerri Kotta, Urmas Kõljalg, Jakob Kübarsepp, Maris Laan, Marju Luts-Sootak, Märt Läänemets, Olga Mazina, Killu Mei, Andres Metspalu, Leo Mõtus, Peeter Müürsepp, Ülo Niine, Jüri Plado, Katre Pärn, Anu Reinart, Kaido Reivelt, Andrus Ristkok, Ave Soeorg, Tarmo Soomere, Külliki Steinberg, Evelin Tamm, Urmas Tartes, Jaana Tõnisson, Marja Unt, Tiit Vaasma, Rein Vaikmäe, Urmas Varblane, Eero Vasar Printed in Priting House Paar ISSN 1406-1503 (printed version) © EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA ISSN 2674-2446 (web version) CONTENTS FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................................................5 CHRONICLE 2018 ..................................................................................................................................7 MEMBERSHIP -
News in Brief
NEWS IN BRIEF PROFESSOR KAZYS GRIGAS: 90TH BIRTH ANNIVERSARY Kazys Grigas was born into a farmers’ family in Pagiriai, Kaunas district, on March 1, 1924. He graduated from a gardening and floriculture school in Kaunas, and attended Vilkija Gymnasium. In 1944 he entered Kaunas Theological Seminary to avoid enlisting into the Soviet army. In 1945, after having taken the entrance examinations, he was admitted to the Faculty of History and Philology at Kaunas National Vytautas Magnus University. When ideological cleansing started at the university in 1948, K. Grigas was expelled with an entry in his personal file: “Expelled from Kaunas University for behaviour incompatible with a Soviet student’s honour and duties”. Later on, K. Grigas studied at Kaunas Teachers Seminary, took librarianship equiva- lency examinations, taught at a gymnasium (Lithuanian and Latin languages), and worked at the bookbindery at the library of the History Institute of the Academy of Sciences in Vilnius. In 1951 he took equivalency examinations and graduated from Vilnius University. In 1954 K. Grigas started working at the Lithuanian Institute of Language and Literature (now Lithuanian Literature and Folklore Institute), where he became engaged in the field of folkloristics. K. Grigas spent the years from 1990 to 1998 teaching: he taught a course in paremiology at Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, and later on a comparative folkloristics course at Vilnius University. K. Grigas translated various works of fiction, for instance, L. Carroll’sAlice’s Adventures in Won- derland (1957) and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (1991, in collaboration with J. Lapienytė), R. -
Who Were the “Greens”? Rumor and Collective Identity in the Russian Civil War
Who Were the “Greens”? Rumor and Collective Identity in the Russian Civil War ERIK C. LANDIS In the volost center of Kostino-Otdelets, located near the southern border of Borisoglebsk uezd in Tambov province, there occurred what was identified as a “deserters’ revolt” in May 1919. While no one was killed, a group of known deserters from the local community raided the offices of the volost soviet, destroying many documents relating to the previous months’ attempts at military conscription, and stealing the small number of firearms and rubles held by the soviet administration and the volost Communist party cell. The provincial revolutionary tribunal investigated the affair soon after the events, for while there was an obvious threat of violence, no such escalation occurred, and the affair was left to civilian institutions to handle. The chairman of the volost soviet, A. M. Lysikov, began his account of the event on May 18, when he met with members of the community following a morning church service in order to explain the recent decrees and directives of the provincial and central governments.1 In the course of this discussion, he raised the fact that the Council of Workers’ and Peasants’ Defense in Moscow had declared a seven-day amnesty for all those young men who had failed to appear for mobilization to the Red Army, particularly those who had been born in 1892 and 1893, and had been subject to the most recent age-group mobilization.2 It was at this moment that one of the young men in the village approached him to ask if it was possible to ring the church bell and call for an open meeting of deserters in the volost, at which they could collectively agree whether to appear for mobilization. -
Sidney Reilly's Reports from South Russia, December 1918-March 1919
Ainsworth, J. (1998) Sidney Reilly's reports from South Russia, December 1918-March 1919. Europe-Asia Studies. 50(8) 1447-1470 COPYRIGHT 1998 Carfax Publishing Company Sidney Reilly's reports from South Russia, December 1918-March 1919. John Ainsworth Sidney Reilly has become a legendary figure as the master spy of the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). 'He was surely not only the master spy of this century', wrote one ardent admirer, 'but of all time'. While his activities as an intelligence agent in British service have only been glimpsed through the veil of secrecy that officialdom invariably imposes on such matters, nonetheless, they seem to have an aura of the extraordinary about them. Supposedly they even surpassed the amazing exploits of the fictional super-spy character James Bond, whose creator Ian Fleming, himself a former officer of the Naval Intelligence Directorate, declared: 'James Bond is just a piece of nonsense I dreamed up. He's not a Sidney Reilly, you know!'(1) Other estimates of his achievements have been rather less flattering though. Some senior officials of the Foreign Office in London, for instance, were said to have dismissed the Reilly legend as one derived largely from his inclination to 'exaggerate his own importance', while an acclaimed historical study of Britain's secret intelligence agencies described Reilly's secret service career overall as 'remarkable, though largely ineffective ...'.(2) Examination of his reports from South Russia, and their manner of compilation as well, affords us a unique opportunity to assess both his function and performance, at least on this particular occasion, as an agent in the field for MI6. -
Beyond the Hack Squat: George Hackenschmidt' S Forgotten Legacy As a Strength Training Pioneer
August 2013 Iron Game History Beyond the Hack Squat: George Hackenschmidt' s Forgotten Legacy as a Strength Training Pioneer FLORIAN HEMME AND JAN TODD* The University of Texas at Austin But, as will be seen, it has not been my design to confine myself to laying down a series ofmles for strong men and athletes only: my object in writing this book has been rather to lay before my read ers such data as may enable them to secure health as well as strength. Health can never be divorced from strength. The second is an inevitable sequel to the first. A man can only fortify himself against disease by strengthening his body in such manner as will enable it to defy the attacks of any mala dy.! -George Hackenschmidt in The Way to Live Born in Dorpat, Estonia on 2 August 1878, his unique training philosophy and "system. "2 In fact, George (originally Georg, sometimes spelled Georges) Hackenschmidt became a revered authority in the field Karl Julius Hackenschmidt was one of the most admired of physical culture and fitness, yet maintained a marked and successful Greco-Roman and Catch-as-Catch-Can ly different perspective from that of the two most wrestlers at the beginning of the twentieth century. Gift famous fitness entrepreneurs of the early twentieth cen ed with extraordinary physical capabilities that seemed tury-Eugen Sandow (1867-1925) and Bernarr Macfad to far exceed those of the average man, he rose to star den (1868-1955).3 The fact that Hackenschmidt's ideas dom in the early 1900s through a captivating mixture of on exercise were so different than those of Sandow and overwhelming ring presence, explosive power, sheer Macfadden-both of whom established magazines, strength, and admirable humility. -
The Socialist Revolutionary Party
onmicrofilm The SocialistRevolutionary Party Archive collection of the PartiiaSocialistov-Revoliutsionerov 5EIVIA5HBOAM fi1iROP1361.1 oliPtT 'EMI) Tbm Pth0CBO E 11APT151- CORIAA VICTOR% PEBOAKRIOHEPOITh International Institute of Social History (IISH) IDC The Socialist Revolutionary Party The archives of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SR) are now for the first time available in convenient, fully-indexed microfilm format from IDC Publishers. This collection, held by the International Institute of Social History (IISH), Amsterdam, contains minutes of party congresses and documents of local party organizations in Russia and Western Europe, original correspondence, leaflets and proclamations, documents of and about Socialist International, Russian Ochranka and many other organizations. This microform collection is without any doubt anindispensable research tool in the field of social history and Slavic studies. History of the Socialist Revolutionary Moscow and brother-in-law of Tsar Karlsruhe. Upon returning to Russia in Party Nicolas H. Meanwhile,a left-wing 1899 he moved in circles connected Partiia Socialistov-Revoliutsionerov (in spin-off, the Maximalists, pursued a with the birth of the SR in 1901. When Russian, abbreviated to ceserys) terrorist campaign against the state even Gershuni, a principal advocate of occupies a special place in Russian more intense than that of the SR. In terrorism within the SR was arrested for history. Together with that of the 1905 the main party advocated the the murder of Minister Sipiagin in 1902, Mensheviks and the anarchists, this formation of a Constituent Assembly Azev became the head of the party's history belongs to the victims to the left and supported universal suffrage. Combat organization. He was a prime of the Bolsheviks. -
Arkhangel'sk, 1918: Regionalism and Populism in the Russian Civil War Author(S): Yanni Kotsonis Source: Russian Review, Vol
The Editors and Board of Trustees of the Russian Review Arkhangel'sk, 1918: Regionalism and Populism in the Russian Civil War Author(s): Yanni Kotsonis Source: Russian Review, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 526-544 Published by: Wiley on behalf of The Editors and Board of Trustees of the Russian Review Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/131044 . Accessed: 15/11/2013 01:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley and The Editors and Board of Trustees of the Russian Review are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Russian Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.197.26.12 on Fri, 15 Nov 2013 01:18:00 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Arkhangel'sk,1918: Regionalismand Populism in the Russian Civil War YANNI KOTSONIS In August 1918 a group of moderate socialists, liberals, and army officers over- threw the Bolshevik authorities of Arkhangel'sk province and replaced them with the Supreme Administration of the Northern Region (Verkhovnoe Upravlenie Severnoi Oblasti). The new authorities intended the North to serve as a foothold from which to remove the Bolsheviks from power in the remainder of Russia. -
Map 10 Banditry and Its Liquidation // 1920 - 1922 Colored Lithographic Print, 64 X 102 Cm
Banditry and Its Liquidation 1920 - 1922 “. Пусть буржуазия свирепствует, пусть она убивает тысячи рабочих,- победа за нами, победа всемирной коммунистийеской революции обеспечена.” “. Let the bourgeoisie rage, let it kill thousands of workers, - Victory is ours, the victory of the world communist revolution is assured.” 62 Map 10 Banditry and Its Liquidation // 1920 - 1922 Colored Lithographic print, 64 x 102 cm. Compilers: A. N. de-Lazari and N. N. Lesevitskii Artist: S. R. Zelikhman Historical Background and Thematic Design The Russian Civil War did not necessarily end with the defeat of the Whites. Its final stage involved various independent bands of partisans and rebels that took advantage of the chaos enveloping the country and contin- ued to operate in rural areas of Ukraine, Tambov Province, the lower Volga, and western Siberia, where Bol- shevik authority was more or less tenuous. Their leaders were by and large experienced military men who stoked peasant hatred for centralized authority, whether it was German occupation forces, Poles, Moscow Bol- sheviks, or Jews. They squared off against the growing power of the communists, which is illustrated as series of five red stars extending over all four sectors. The red circle identifies Moscow as the seat of Soviet power, while the five red stars, enlarging in size but diminishing in color intensity as they move further from Moscow, represent the increasing strength of Communism in Russia during the years 1920-22. The stars also serve as symbolic shields, apparently deterring attacking forces that emanate from Poland, Ukraine, and the Volga region. The red flag with the gold emblem of the hammer-and-sickle in the upper hoist quarter, and the letters Р.