Background Paper Electoral Reform Policy Forum

May 2021

Contents

Contents ...... 2 Contact ...... 2 Background ...... 3 Establishment of Ministerial Panel ...... 3 Terms of Reference ...... 3 Members ...... 3 Timeframe ...... 3 Website ...... 3 Minister’s Opinion ...... 4 State Council Policy Forum ...... 6 Policy Forum Membership ...... 6 Key Issues ...... 7 Group Ticket Voting ...... 7 Senate Voting Reforms ...... 7 Reform Options for WA ...... 8 Malapportionment ...... 8 Non-metropolitan vs. Metropolitan Regions ...... 9 Non-metropolitan Regions ...... 10 District Magnitude ...... 10 Options ...... 12 Status Quo ...... 12 Whole State Electorate ...... 12 One Vote One Value ...... 12 Maintain Non-metropolitan Weighting ...... 13 Formula Based Approach ...... 15 Policy Forum Considerations ...... 17 Beyond Parliamentary Representation ...... 17

Contact

Tim Lane, Manager, Strategy and Association Governance WALGA, (p) (08) 9213 2029 | (m) 0404 719 328 | (e) [email protected]

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Background

Establishment of Ministerial Panel

Hon. John Quigley MLA, Attorney General; Minister for Electoral Affairs, announced on Friday 30 April 2021 the establishment of a Ministerial Expert Committee to advise the Government on electoral reform.

Terms of Reference

The Government now asks the Committee to review the electoral system for the Legislative Council and provide:

1. Recommendations as to how electoral equality might be achieved for all citizens entitled to vote for the Legislative Council, and 2. Recommendations for the distribution of preferences in the Legislative Council’s proportional representation system.

Members

The Ministerial Panel is comprised of the following members:

 Hon. Malcolm McCusker QC AO (Chair)  Professor John Phillimore  Professor Martin Drum  Dr Sarah Murray

Timeframe

The Panel, when formed, had eight weeks to receive submissions and make recommendations to Government.

Submissions are being sought by the Panel, and are due by 5:00pm, Monday 31 May 2021.

Website

The Ministerial Panel’s website is available here: https://www.wa.gov.au/government/wa- electoral-reform.

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Minister’s Opinion

The Minister, Hon. John Quigley MLA authored an opinion piece outlining his view of the issues to be addressed, which was published in the West Australian on Monday 3 May 2021 and on the Ministerial Panel’s website, as follows:

When voters in the Mining and Pastoral region numbered their ballot papers at the recent state election, they probably took little notice of the Daylight Saving Party or its candidate, Wilson Tucker.

After all, the party’s apparent single-issue reason for existence doesn’t have a lot of support in those parts, where the 2009 referendum on daylight saving was soundly rejected by voters there.

And apart from having a name very similar to longtime Liberal MP Wilson “Ironbar” Tuckey, the candidate had no political track record to speak of.

In fact, he was living and working in Seattle in the United States - a long way from the local issues in the electorate.

So it was not surprising that Mr Tucker managed only 98 first-preference votes on election day.

What has shocked political observers and led to a public outcry for electoral reform is that with the help of a trick known as “preference harvesting”, Mr Tucker will spend the next four years sitting in the Legislative Council.

As WA’s Minister for Electoral Affairs, I last week appointed an expert committee to advise me on how to reform voting for the Council, which is sometimes known as the Upper House or House of Review.

There are no plans to change the system of voting in the Legislative Assembly, or Lower House, where each member represents a district and those in regional areas are given a weighting so that large electorates can be well served by their MP.

For example, my electorate of Butler in the northern suburbs of Perth had the most electors of any district this election - 32,711 - compared with the geographically larger electorate of North West Central, which had the lowest number of electors of any district: 10,993.

That means a vote weighting of almost 3:1 but we are not seeking to change this.

I am very grateful that one of our most respected and learned citizens, former Governor Malcolm McCusker AO CVO QC, has agreed to chair the committee.

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Our Electoral Act dates back to 1907. It is time now to look at what West Australians want for their electoral system in 2021.

We know we don’t want a repeat of the shock election of Mr Tucker, who will reap in a $203,030-plus salary as an insult to most people in the Mining and Pastoral Region, and to our system of democracy.

Election analyst Antony Green said it showed the ticket voting system in WA was broken. "Elected as a Daylight Saving Party MLC from Mining and Pastoral Region, despite polling only 98 votes, and he doesn't actually currently live in the state. You couldn't get a better case of what's wrong with group voting tickets," he stated.

This result is believed to be the lowest primary vote for any successful candidate for election to any Parliament in Australia.

In contrast, the Greens in the North Metropolitan Region received 27,077 first preference votes, but did not win a seat.

In the Agricultural Region, the Nationals received 22,999 votes and won two seats, while in the South Metropolitan Region, the Liberal Party received 67,000 votes but won only one seat.

When you attended a voting booth or filled in a postal paper in the recent State election, did you realise that your ballot might have been worth one-sixth of another West Australian, just because of your postcode?

Our current outdated system also discriminates against country folk and boosts the stocks of others, seemingly without rhyme or reason.

A vote in Kalgoorlie is worth 3.48 times more than the value of a vote in Albany, and 1.48 times more than Esperance.

Unlike in the Legislative Assembly, where electoral boundaries are adjusted each term to ensure there's a relatively even number of electors, the Legislative Council is divided into six geographical regions.

Despite their unequal populations, each region elects six Legislative Councillors.

At the last election, this meant that votes cast by people in the Mining and Pastoral Region were worth 6.22 times more than those cast in the metropolitan area.

This malapportionment is predicted to get worse over time, and all other States have removed this gross inequality amongst citizens from their electoral systems, just as most have removed the group ticketing system that enabled the election of Mr Tucker.

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The Ministerial Expert Committee on Electoral Reform will receive submissions over the next four weeks to try to achieve electoral equality for all citizens entitled to vote for the Legislative Council, and will report by the end of June.

The submissions will be considered by a panel that includes experts in public policy and constitutional law from three different WA universities.

Mr McCusker helped craft the Government's Voluntary Assisted Dying Act during the last term of Parliament, and I have great confidence that he will help us achieve a more equitable electoral system.

The parliament does not belong to politicians like me. It belongs to you, the people. I encourage everyone to have their say.

State Council Policy Forum

The WALGA President, Mayor Tracey Roberts, has convened a Policy Forum to consider and develop a submission on the issues to be addressed by the Ministerial Panel’s Terms of Reference:

1. Recommendations as to how electoral equality might be achieved for all citizens entitled to vote for the Legislative Council, and 2. Recommendations for the distribution of preferences in the Legislative Council’s proportional representation system.

Policy Forum Membership

The Policy Forum is comprised of the WALGA President, Mayor Tracey Roberts, Deputy President, President Cr Karen Chappel, and the following State Councillors:

 Mayor Tracey Roberts  President Cr Karen Chappel  Mayor Carol Adams  President Cr Phil Blight  Cr Ronnie Fleay  Mayor Albert Jacob  Cr Les Price  President Cr Michelle Rich  President Cr Stephen Strange

The Policy Forum will be supported by executive and senior WALGA staff.

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Key Issues

As per the Ministerial Panel’s Terms of Reference, there are two key issues to be addressed. Group Ticket Voting, the second of the Ministerial Panel’s Terms of Reference will be considered first, as it is the more straightforwardly tractable problem.

Issue Ministerial Panel Terms of Reference

Group Ticket Voting Recommendations for the distribution of preferences in the Legislative Council’s proportional representation system.

Malapportionment Recommendations as to how electoral equality might be achieved for all citizens entitled to vote for the Legislative Council

A third issue relates to district magnitude – the number or representatives to be elected from each region – and this issue will also be discussed below.

Group Ticket Voting

The Minister has expressed an opinion that the group ticket voting system that enables micro- party candidates to be elected is not democratic.

Wilson Tucker, of the Daylight Savings Party, was elected to the Legislative Council with 98 first preference votes (which equates to less than 0.2 percent of valid votes) in the Mining and Pastoral Region.

Similar outcomes were observed in the Australian Senate prior to the 2016 election, which led to the changes to the Senate’s voting method.

Senate Voting Reforms

Following recommendations from an Inquiry by the Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters into the 2013 Federal Election, group voting tickets were removed from the Senate voting system prior to the 2016 election.

The recommendation to remove group ticket voting was principally in response to the number of candidates elected from small and unknown parties.

Following the Senate reforms, voters are instructed to complete at six preferences above the line, or at least 12 preferences below the line. These reforms were in place for the 2016 full Senate (double dissolution) election, and the 2019 half Senate election.

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Election analyst, Antony Green, argues the Senate reforms were successful in translating voter preferences into representatives elected:

“This analysis confirms that the new Senate system weights the allocation of final seats in favour of parties with the highest remainders on first preferences. This is not the same as advantaging parties with the highest first preference vote. After the allocation of seats to filled quotas, the remaining partial quotas of parties polling above a quota must compete with the initial partial quotas of parties that polled less than a quota on first preferences. Who wins the final seats is then a battle of preferences, with exhausted preferences and weak preferences flows favouring the party with the largest initial partial quota.

Group voting tickets permitted parties to trade preferences in the race to fill final seats. The new Senate system hands the power over between-party preferences back to voters. At the first two elections under the new Senate system, voters made very different decisions on preferences compared to the complex group voting tickets previously lodged by parties.”1

Reform Options for WA

The most obvious, and likely, reform would be to remove the group voting ticket from the Legislative Council voting system similar to the Senate reforms undertaken in 2016.

Practically, this would mean voters would be required to allocate preferences among parties above the line, or among candidates below the line, up to, at minimum, the number of vacant positions in the region or electoral district.

The aim of removing group ticket voting would be to make it much more difficult for micro- parties to have candidates successfully elected through “preference harvesting”. The 2016 Senate reforms demonstrated that the removal of group voting tickets had this effect at the 2016 full-Senate and 2019 half-Senate elections.

Malapportionment

Malapportionment refers to the weighting of votes of one region relative to another.

The Minister has expressed an opinion that the current weighting of votes between electoral regions in the Legislative Council has become too unbalanced.

1 Green, A. 2019. How the new Senate Electoral System Performed at its first Half-Senate test. https://antonygreen.com.au/how-the-new-senate-electoral-system-at-its-first-half-senate-election-test/

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The following are the number of eligible electors in each of the six Legislative Council regions, as at the 2021 State Election:2

Non-metropolitan regions Number of Metropolitan regions Number of electors electors

Agricultural 103,378 East metro 423,759

Mining and Pastoral 69,651 North metro 427,779

South West 242,983 South metro 449,182

Total non-metro 416,012 Total metro 1,300,720

Two issues are highlighted in the Minister’s Opinion:

1. The vote weighting between the non-metropolitan regions and the metropolitan regions, and

2. The vote weighting between the three non-metropolitan regions, with the South West region now having substantially more electors than the Mining and Pastoral region and the Agricultural region combined.

Non-metropolitan vs. Metropolitan Regions

Due to strong demographic trends, as well as workforce changes, such as fly-in, fly-out (FIFO), the population of the metropolitan region has grown strongly relative to non- metropolitan regions.

The current regional structure of the Legislative Council has been in place since the 1989 election. There have been changes to the Legislative Council’s electoral system since 1989, including a change from regions of five or seven members to all regions electing six members for the 2008 election.3

The weighting of votes between non-metro and metro regions was 2.80-to-1 in favour of non- metropolitan voters in 1989, and this has increased to be 3.07-to-1 in favour of non- metropolitan voters at the 2021 election.4

2 Western Australian Electoral Commission. 2021. Region Profiles. https://www.elections.wa.gov.au/elections/state/sgelection#/sg2021/region/4 3 Green, A. 2021. WA’s Zonal Electoral System and the Legislative Council Reform Debate. https://antonygreen.com.au/was-zonal-electoral-system-and-the-legislative-council-reform-debate/ 4 Green, A. 2021.

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The Minister’s Opinion indicates the Government is striving for this weighting of votes to be reduced.

Non-metropolitan Regions

Another issue, highlighted in the Minister’s Opinion, is the growing imbalance between the rapidly growing South West region and the other two, less populous non-metropolitan regions, the Agricultural and Mining and Pastoral Regions.

Antony Green explains this issue as follows:

“In 1989, Agricultural Region and Mining and Pastoral Region together contained 14.7% of the state’s electors and elected 29.4% of the Legislative Council. By 2021, the number of electors in the two regions has declined to represent 10.2% of state enrolment, but the two regions now elect 33.3% of the Legislative Council.

And where in 1989 a vote in Agricultural Region or Mining and Pastoral region was equal to a vote in South West Region, in 2021 a vote in these regions carried 2.81 times the weight of a vote in South West.”5

District Magnitude

A key factor for the electoral system relates to district magnitude, which means the number of representatives that are elected from each region.

It has been argued that district magnitude – principally the change from five or seven member districts, to six member districts – in the Legislative Council has led to a conservative bias.6

Evans concludes:

“The overall assessment of the 2008-2017 period is that while malapportionment may have played some role in Coalition over-representation, there are more important factors at play, most notably the use of six-member regions and the concentration of conservative strength in the Agricultural Region…. There is also no doubt that the use of six-member regions has hurt the Labor Party.”7

5 Green, A. 2021. 6 Evans, G. 2019. “District Magnitude and Partisan Advantage in Western Australia” in Proportional Representation in Theory and Practice: The Australian Experience. PhD Submission, University of Adelaide. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/121601/1/Evans2019_PhD.pdf 7 Evans, G. 2019: p130

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The reason for this relates to the difference in the quota required to gain a second or third seat in five, six or seven member districts. To demonstrate this point, consider the following table:

Table – Percentage of votes to elect a given number of candidates in five, six and seven member regions:

5 member region 6 member region 7 member region 1 candidate 16.7 14.3 12.5 2 candidates 33.3 28.6 25 3 candidates 50 42.9 37.5 4 candidates 66.7 57.2 50 5 candidates 83.3 71.4 62.5 6 candidates 85.7 75 7 candidates 87.5

In recent elections, with six member districts, Labor has missed out on achieving a third seat a number of times. Had five member or seven member districts been utilised in these scenarios, Labor would likely have achieved a second seat in a five member district (33.3 percent of the vote required) or a third seat in a seven member district (37.5 percent of the vote required). The impact of the quota thresholds on the Labor Party is notable, insofar as it is important to be informed about how the Government’s ultimate decision-making may be guided.

More important, however, is the broader democratic principle. In regions with an odd number of positions vacant for election, a party receiving a majority of votes (greater than 50 percent) in a region after preference distribution, is able to achieve a majority of seats in that region. In a six member region, a party will only achieve a majority of seats with greater than 57.2 percent of the vote after preferences.

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Options

A number of options are presented below to inform the Policy Forum’s discussions. Given the Minister’s Opinion, and the wording of the Terms of Reference (emphasis added), as follows, it is likely that the current electoral model will be amended:

Recommendations as to how electoral equality might be achieved for all citizens entitled to vote for the Legislative Council.

Status Quo

Currently, there are six electoral regions based on land use, as per the table on page 9. Each electoral region is represented by six members of the Legislative Council.

Whole State Electorate

The New South Wales Legislative Council, and the South Australian Legislative Council each elect half their members at every general election using the entire state as the electorate.

A similar situation in Western Australia would mean that 18 members of the Legislative Council would be elected every eight years, each for an eight year term.

Electing 18 members using proportional representation would be likely to return a number of minor and micro party representatives due to the relatively small quota required in percentage terms (5.3 percent of the vote) to be elected.

Both the NSW and SA Legislative Councils contain a substantial crossbench containing independents, minor and micro parties.

One Vote One Value

An option, based on approximate electoral equality, posited by Australian psephologist and commentator Malcolm Mackerras, is as follows:

“So, how does one create a WA Legislative Council system that is genuinely proportional? Simple. Increase district magnitude from six to nine for the three metropolitan regions, while leaving their boundaries unchanged. Then amalgamate the three non-metropolitan regions into one. It, too, would elect nine members. The

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only (very minor) problem would be what to call it. My suggestion is “Agricultural, Mining, Pastoral and Tourism Region”.8

The suggestion above would result in the following:

Regions Number of Electors Number of Council Members

East metro 423,759 9

North metro 427,779 9

South metro 449,182 9

Non-metro 416,012 9

Total 1,716,732 36

The proposed advantages to this suggestion are the simplicity of approximating one-vote, one-value, and the maintenance of the existing number of representatives elected to the Legislative Council. In addition, an odd number of representatives per region would provide the opportunity for a party achieving a majority of votes to achieve a majority of seats.

Representation from non-metropolitan regions would be halved from 18 members of the Council to nine.

Maintain Non-metropolitan Weighting

Another option would be to maintain some form of non-metropolitan weighting in the composition in the Legislative Council, notwithstanding the Minister’s Opinion and the aim of the Terms of Reference to provide equality to all voters.

There would be a range of options to maintain non-metropolitan weighting based on the existing electoral regions, or newly formed regions.

For instance, the following proposal maintains non-metropolitan weighting, but at a reduced magnitude. Under this proposal, there would be five seven-member regions: the existing three metropolitan regions, the South West region and a combined agricultural and mining and pastoral region.

8 Mackerras, M. 2021. How to fix up the WA voting system. https://switzer.com.au/the-experts/malcolm- mackerras/how-to-fix-up-the-wa-voting-system/

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Regions Number of Number of Council Number of electors Electors Members per representative

East metro 423,759 7 60,537

North metro 427,779 7 61,111

South metro 449,182 7 64,169

South West 242,983 7 34,712

Agricultural / Mining 173,029 7 24,718 and Pastoral

Total 1,716,732 35

As can be seen in the table above, this example would maintain a non-metropolitan bias, but at a reduced magnitude to the current system. In this scenario, non-metropolitan regions would have 40 percent of the seats with approximately 24 percent of electors.

A disadvantage of this example is the difference in population between the combined agricultural and mining and pastoral region and the South West region. Given the growth of the South West region relative to other non-metropolitan regions, this scenario may be considered unsuitable.

A revised option could be as per below, with each of the metropolitan regions to elect nine representatives, the South West region to elect seven representatives, and the combined agricultural and mining and pastoral region to elect five representatives.

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Regions Number of Number of Council Number of electors Electors Members per representative

East metro 423,759 9 47,084

North metro 427,779 9 47,531

South metro 449,182 9 49,909

South West 242,983 7 34,712

Agricultural / Mining 173,029 5 34,605 and Pastoral

Total 1,716,732 39

As can be seen in the table above, this proposal would rectify the relative weights between the South West region and the combined agricultural and mining and pastoral region. Some non-metropolitan weighting would still be present in the system, but not to the same extent as current arrangements. Non-metropolitan regions, with 24 percent of electors, would be represented by 31 percent of Legislative Council members under this scenario. This proposal would increase the overall number of seats in the Legislative Council by three seats to a total of 39.

There are countless ways that the state could be divided into regions with different district magnitudes to form the Legislative Council. The examples above are intended to be a starting point for Policy Forum consideration, particularly noting the Terms of Reference constraints imposed on the Ministerial Expert Committee.

Formula Based Approach

The Large District Allowance is a formula applied to Legislative Assembly districts to recognise the challenges inherent in representing an electorate covering a very large area of land.

The Minister refers to this in the Minister’s Opinion when he highlights the difference in enrolment between his electorate of Butler and the electorate of North West Central.

The Minister states:

“For example, my electorate of Butler in the northern suburbs of Perth had the most electors of any district this election – 32,711 – compared with the geographically

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larger electorate of North West Central, which had the lowest number of electors of any district: 10,993.”9

The Large District Allowance works as follows:

“Districts greater than 100,000 square kilometres in area are granted a Large District Allowance, a number of ‘notional’ electors equal to 1.5% of the area of the electorate in square kilometres. The Large District Allowance is added to the enrolment, and the adjusted enrolment is permitted to be up to 20% below the quota, where for all other electorates a 10% lower bound applies.”10

Similarly, a formula could be applied to Legislative Council regions to strike a balance between the relatively highly populated metropolitan area and the South West, and the vast areas of the rest of the State.

9 Quigley, J. 2021. Minister’s Opinion – Electoral Reform. https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/wa-electoral- reform/ministers-opinion-electoral-reform 10 Green, A. 2021. WA’s Zonal Electoral System and the Legislative Council Reform Debate. https://antonygreen.com.au/was-zonal-electoral-system-and-the-legislative-council-reform-debate/

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Policy Forum Considerations

As noted above, this electoral reform process presents an excellent opportunity to remove Group Ticket Voting from the Legislative Council’s electoral arrangements. It is suggested that the Policy Forum recommend the removal of Group Ticket Voting, and that reforms be undertaken to the method of voting and ballot paper design similar to the Senate reforms of 2016.

In relation to malapportionment and district magnitude, there are countless options for how to structure regions and the number of representatives elected, utilising existing regional boundaries, or creating new region boundaries.

The Policy Forum may wish to identify some principles and aims to help guide discussion.

Current regional maps are provided as an appendix to this paper.

Beyond Parliamentary Representation

The Policy Forum may also want to make recommendations in relation to other opportunities for non-metropolitan Government representation, such as strengthening of Regional Development Commissions, ministerial portfolio focuses on specific regions, or the establishment of Standing Parliamentary Committees.

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Cue Kalbarri

Sandstone Leinster

Yalgoo

Northampton

Mullewa Geraldton Laverton Leonora

Morawa

Perenjori GERALDTON(As shown on DP 418170) MINING AND PASTORAL REGION Carnamah Menzies MOORE (As shown on DP 418171) Dalwallinu Jurien Bay

Ballidu Moora Kalgoorlie Koorda Bencubbin Wongan Hills Indian Ocean Coolgardie Calingiri NORTH Dowerin Wyalkatchem Southern Cross Kambalda METROPOLITAN Goomalling REGION Toodyay CENTRAL WHEATBELT (As shown on DP 418169) Meckering EAST METROPOLITAN Northam York REGION Norseman Corrigin Hyden SOUTH Mandurah Pingelly Dwellingup Wandering Wickepin METROPOLITAN Waroona Kulin Boddington REGION Harvey Narrogin Newdegate Williams Bunbury Wagin ROE Collie (As shown on DP 418172) Ravensthorpe Boyup Brook Esperance Gnowangerup Margaret River Jerramungup Hopetoun Kojonup SOUTH WEST Augusta Cranbrook REGION Frankland Mount Southern Ocean Rocky Gully Barker

TENURE TYPE: CROWN LEGEND VALIDATION PLAN PURPOSE: STATUTORY Lodgement Date: Electoral District Reserve 25/11/2019 PLAN OF: Road Gazettal Date: Local Government 27/11/2019 Townsite DEPOSITED PLAN AGRICULTURAL Western Australian Examined: Electoral Distribution Commission REGION Coastal districts include offshore island areas 21/11/2019 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 0 25 50 75 100 125 Mid-river centrelines are approximate only 418168 All road boundaries use road centrelines unless otherwise described Lead Consultant Date Kilometers N Graphic Services SHEET 1 OF 1 VERSION 1 NORTH METROPOLITAN REGION

SWAN HILLS (as shown on DP 418209)

MIRRABOOKA (as shown on DP 418203) WEST SWAN (as shown on DP 418211) BASSENDEAN (as shown on DP 418199)

MORLEY MIDLAND (as shown on DP 418207) (as shown on DP 418206)

MAYLANDS (as shown on DP 418205) BELMONT (as shown on DP 418200) MOUNT LAWLEY (as shown on DP 418208) KALAMUNDA (as shown on DP 418204) FORRESTFIELD (as shown on DP 418202)

THORNLIE (as shown on DP 418210) SOUTH AGRICULTURAL METROPOLITAN REGION REGION ARMADALE (as shown on DP 418198)

DARLING RANGE (as shown on DP 418201)

SOUTH WEST REGION

TENURE TYPE: CROWN LEGEND VALIDATION PLAN PURPOSE: STATUTORY Lodgement Date: Electoral District Reserve 25/11/2019 PLAN OF: EAST Waterway Gazettal Date: Local Government Road 27/11/2019 DEPOSITED PLAN METROPOLITAN Western Australian Examined: Electoral Distribution Commission Coastal districts include offshore island areas 21/11/2019 REGION 0 2 4 6 8 10 Mid-river centrelines are approximate only All road boundaries use road centrelines unless 418197 Lead Consultant Date WESTERN AUSTRALIA Kilometres N otherwise described Graphic Services SHEET 1 OF 1 VERSION 1 Wyndham

Kununurra

Indian Ocean KIMBERLEY Derby (as shown on DP 418165) Broome

Fitzroy Crossing Halls Creek

Port Hedland

Karratha Marble Bar PILBARA Nullagine (as shown on DP 418167) Exmouth Onslow Pannawonica

Tom Price Border State

Coral Bay Paraburdoo Newman

Carnarvon

Denham NORTH WEST CENTRAL (as shown on DP 418166)

Wiluna

Cue Leinster Kalbarri Sandstone Northampton Yalgoo Mullewa Laverton Leonora Geraldton Morawa Menzies Perenjori KALGOORLIE (as shown on DP 418164) Dalwallinu Jurien Bay Kalgoorlie Koorda Wongan Hills Kambalda Coolgardie Wyalkatchem Southern Northam Cross AGRICULTURAL Norseman Mandurah Hyden

Narrogin Bunbury REGION Ravensthorpe Esperance Jerramungup Southern Ocean Kojonup

TENURE TYPE: CROWN LEGEND VALIDATION PLAN PURPOSE: STATUTORY Lodgement Date: Electoral Region Road 25/11/2019 PLAN OF: Gazettal Date: Local Government Townsite MINING AND 27/11/2019 DEPOSITED PLAN Western Australian Examined: PASTORAL REGION Electoral Distribution Commission Coastal districts include offshore island areas 0 50 100 150 200 250 Mid-river centrelines are approximate only 21/11/2019 WESTERN AUSTRALIA All road boundaries use road centrelines unless 418163 Lead Consultant Date Kilometers N otherwise describded Graphic Services SHEET 1 OF 1 VERSION 1 AGRICULTURAL REGION BUTLER

(as shown on DP 418185)

WANNEROO (as shown on DP 418196)

BURNS BEACH (as shown on DP 418184) Indian Ocean

JOONDALUP (as shown on DP 418190)

(asHILLARYS shown on DP 418189) LANDSDALE (as shown on DP 418192)

CARINE (as shown on DP 418186) KINGSLEY (as shown on DP 418191) EAST METROPOLITAN REGION SCARBOROUGH(as shown on DP 418195) BALCATTA (as shown on DP 418183)

CHURCHLANDS(as shown on DP 418187) PERTH (as shown on DP 418194)

COTTESLOE (as shown on DP 418188)

NEDLANDS (as shown on DP 418193) SOUTH METROPOLITAN REGION

TENURE TYPE: CROWN LEGEND VALIDATION Lodgement Date: PLAN PURPOSE: STATUTORY Reserve Electoral District 25/11/2019 PLAN OF: Waterway Gazettal Date: NORTH 27/11/2019 DEPOSITED PLAN Local Government METROPOLITAN Western Australian Road Examined: Electoral Distribution Commission Coastal districts include offshore island areas 21/11/2019 REGION 0 2 4 6 8 10 Mid-river centrelines are approximate only All road boundaries use road centrelines unless 418182 Lead Consultant Date WESTERN AUSTRALIA Kilometres N otherwise described Graphic Services SHEET 1 OF 1 VERSION 1 SOUTH PERTH VICTORIA PARK (as shown on DP 418223) (as shown on DP 418225) NORTH BATEMAN METROPOLITAN (as shown on DP 418214) REGION

CANNINGTON (as shown on DP 418216) BICTON (as shown on DP 418215) RIVERTON (as shown on DP 418221)

FREMANTLE SEE INSET WILLAGEE(as shown on DP 418227) (as shown on DP 418218) SOUTHERN RIVER (as shown on DP 418224) JANDAKOT (as shown on DP 418219) COCKBURN (as shown on DP 418217)

KWINANA (as shown on DP 418220) EAST METROPOLITAN ROCKINGHAM REGION (as shown on DP 418222)

BALDIVIS (as shown on DP 418213)

INSET

WARNBRO Indian Ocean (as shown on DP 418226)

FREMANTLE (as shown on DP 418218)

SOUTH WEST 0 3 6 9 12 15 REGION Kilometres

TENURE TYPE: CROWN LEGEND VALIDATION PLAN PURPOSE: STATUTORY Lodgement Date: Electoral District Reserve 25/11/2019 PLAN OF: Waterway Gazettal Date: SOUTH Local Government Road 27/11/2019 DEPOSITED PLAN Western Australian Examined: METROPOLITAN Electoral Distribution Commission Coastal districts include offshore island areas 21/11/2019 0 1 2 3 4 5 Mid-river centrelines are approximate only REGION All road boundaries use road centrelines unless 418212 Lead Consultant Date WESTERN AUSTRALIA Kilometres N otherwise described Graphic Services SHEET 1 OF 1 VERSION 1 MANDURAH Hyden (as shown on DP 418178) Pingelly

Wandering DAWESVILLE Dwellingup (as shown on DP 418177) Kulin Wickepin MURRAY- Boddington Indian Ocean WELLINGTON

(as shown on DP 418179) Narrogin

Harvey Williams Newdegate

Wagin Collie Darkan Bunbury (asBUNBURY shown on DP 418175) AGRICULTURAL REGION COLLIE-PRESTON (as shown on DP 418176)

VASSE Boyup Brook Kojonup (as shown on DP 418180) Gnowangerup

Jerramungup Margaret River

Augusta Cranbrook Frankland

WARREN-BLACKWOOD Rocky Gully (as shown on DP 418181) Mount Barker

(asALBANY shown on DP 418174)

Denmark Albany Southern Ocean

TENURE TYPE: CROWN LEGEND VALIDATION PLAN PURPOSE: STATUTORY Lodgement Date: Electoral Region Reserve 25/11/2019 PLAN OF: Waterway Gazettal Date: Local Government Road 27/11/2019 DEPOSITED PLAN Townsite Examined: Western Australian SOUTH WEST REGION Electoral Distribution Commission Coastal districts include offshore island areas 21/11/2019 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 0 10 20 30 40 50 Mid-river centrelines are approximate only 418173 All road boundaries use road centrelines unless otherwise described Lead Consultant Date Kilometers N Graphic Services SHEET 1 OF 1 VERSION 1