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Woodland Habitat Action Plan 2001-2010

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Woodland Habitat Action Plan 2001-2010 **DRAFT***DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Woodland Habitat Action Plan 2001-2010 Introduction: This is one of six Habitat Action Plans prepared by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead which aim to protect and enhance biodiversity in the local area, and build on the foundation of biodiversity action established by Wildlife Action 211. The plan has been prepared with the support of the Crown Estate, Woodland Trust, Forestry Commission, National Trust, Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group, Parish Councils and local voluntary groups. The focus of this plan is woodland habitats in the borough, for example wood pasture, lowland beech woodland, and ancient trees. It sets out actions that are proposed to improve woodland habitats in the Borough, protect important local sites, and raise awareness of woodland biodiversity2. please return any comments or suggestions on this draft by: to: Environment Officer, Community Partnerships Unit, Directorate of Leisure, Cultural and Property Services, Town Hall, St. Ives Road, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 1RF Tel: 01628 796093 E-mail: [email protected] 1Wildlife Action 21, produced in 1999, was the first stage in Biodiversity Action Plan development in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. It set out the issue of biodiversity and the reasons why it should be protected. It also identified important habitats in the local area, and listed broad objectives and actions intended to take the process forward and deliver the overall objective of protecting and enhancing local biodiversity. 2 Note: for a complete understanding of biodiversity action in the local area Wildlife Action 21 and all of the habitat action plans that have been developed should be considered. Habitats are affected by the land uses and management around them, and the success of the Biodiversity Action Plan in the Royal Borough will depend on action throughout the local area across all of the important habitats. Draft Woodland Habitat Action Plan 1 July 2001 **DRAFT***DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT Contents: 1. Current Status 3 1.1 Description of habitat ………………………………………………... 3 1.2 Extent …………………………………………………………………. 4 1.3 Associated species of conservation concern ……………………... 5 2. Current factors affecting the habitat ………………………. 8 3. Current action …………………………………………………. 9 3.1 Legal Status ………………………………………………………….. 9 3.2 Management, Research and Guidance …………………………… 11 4. Objectives and Targets ………………………………………. 13 4.1 National ……………………………………………………………….. 13 4.2 Regional ………………………………………………………………. 15 4.3 Local …………………………………………………………………... 15 5. Proposed actions and partners …………………………….. 16 5.1 Policy and planning ………………………………………………….. 16 5.2 Site safeguard and management …………………………………... 17 5.3 Advice and guidance ………………………………………………… 19 5.4 Surveys, records, and monitoring ………………………………….. 19 5.5 Communication and public awareness ……………………………. 21 References and further reading …………………………………. 23 Appendices: A Sites of woodland habitat in the Royal Borough of Windsor and 25 Maidenhead B Records of nationally and locally important species. 41 C Actions proposed under the Draft Berkshire Woodland BAP 46 Draft Woodland Habitat Action Plan 2 July 2001 **DRAFT***DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT 1. Current Status: 1.1 Description of habitat This habitat action plan covers the following types of woodland habitat3: Ancient woodland: sites which have been continuously wooded since 1600AD. A variety of rare flora and fauna is dependent on this habitat. These species are often intolerant of disturbance and have limited powers of dispersal confining them to these sites. Ancient woodland can be further sub-divided into: Ancient semi-natural woodland where the tree and shrub cover retained on the site has not obviously been planted. (generally the most valuable for biodiversity) Ancient replanted woodland where tree cover has been maintained since 1600AD but the native trees replaced through felling and replanting. Ancient woodland is irreplaceable and of critical importance to biodiversity conservation. Ancient trees: also referred to as veteran trees, these can be broadly defined as "Trees that are of interest biologically, aesthetically, or culturally because of their age." (English Nature, 1999, 2000). Britain, in particular England and Wales, is of critical importance for this habitat as it contains the largest and best array of ancient trees in North-West Europe. They occur in the greatest concentrations within surviving mediaeval forests and parklands. Many others exist in small relict 8groups or isolation in a wide range of other situations including hedgerows, ancient boundary banks, churchyards and watercourses. Ancient trees provide a range of scarce habitats which support many rare and endangered species including bats, insects, lichens, mosses, and fungi. The majority of these species are extremely specialised and can survive only in the special conditions provided by ancient trees. As a result, ancient trees are an irreplaceable part of England's landscape and biological heritage. 3 The descriptions given represent broad categories of woodland habitat. In addition, there are several types of woodland found in the local area which are national priority habitats under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, specifically: Lowland wood-pasture and parkland- the products of historic land management systems and are frequently of national historic or landscape importance. The habitat represents a particularly valuable structure consisting of large, open-grown or high forest trees, in a matrix of grazed grassland, heathland and/or woodland floras. The habitat is important for a number of national priority species including violet click beetle Limoniscus violaceus, the stag beetle Lucanus cervus, the royal bolete fungi Boletus regius, oak polypore Buglossoporous pulvinus and the heart moth Dicycla oo Lowland beech and yew woodland- sites are found across a range of soil and topographical conditions, often as mosaics with other woodland communities. The habitat is important for national priority species such as devil's bolete fungus Boletus satanus, a hedgehog fungus Hericeum erinaceum and the knothole moss Zygodon forsteri. Wet woodland- Wet woodland occurs on poorly drained or seasonally wet soils, usually with alder, birch and willows as the predominant tree species. It is found on floodplains, along streams and hill-side flushes, and as successional habitat on fens, mires and bogs. Wet woodland is important for a wide range of wildlife, including important species of bryophytes and invertebrates. Lowland mixed broadleaved woodland- a national Action Plan is in preparation for this habitat. Draft Woodland Habitat Action Plan 3 July 2001 **DRAFT***DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT*** DRAFT Secondary woodland: has established tree cover that developed after 1600AD. Many different types of woodland of variable nature conservation value exist, with their composition reflecting local variations in soil and climate and the effects of past human activity. They are valuable for a wide range of birds, insects and mammals which can be present. In general, secondary native woodland is a more valuable type of habitat for biodiversity than significantly non-native secondary woodlands. Plantation woodland: are sites which have been deliberately planted by man. Timber production is their primary purpose and they can be species poor and of limited nature conservation value (especially where the trees are non-native and densely planted). However, they may support rare species of fungi and invertebrate, or specialised bird species such as the crossbill or hobby. Similarly, rides and glades in plantations can provide greater variation and diversity, including supporting remnant flora on former ancient woodland sites. 1.2 Extent of habitat In the UK: Britain is one of the least wooded countries within Europe. Woodland covers only 10% of England, in comparison with 29% of mainland Europe. The Countryside Survey 2000 estimated the extent of Broadleaved woodland in the UK as 1.5 million hectares, and the area of coniferous woodland as 1.4 million hectares (Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside, DETR, 2000). In Berkshire: There is an estimated 17,000ha of woodland, 13.5% of the total county area, including approximately 4,000ha of ancient woodland. The majority of woodland in Berkshire is therefore secondary or plantation woodland. Ancient semi-natural woodland now covers only 3.2% of the County, having declined by 38% between 1930 and 1990. The habitat is fragmented with very few large woods. The majority of ancient woodland sites are less than 5ha in area. The largest continuous stands of woodland exist within the Windsor Forest and Great Park areas. In the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead: There is estimated to be more than 2,400ha of woodland in the Borough, representing approximately 12% of the total Borough area. This resource includes more than 50 designated sites (see table 1 below), including internationally important sites of ancient woodland, wood-pasture, parkland, and ancient trees. Table 1: Designated sites in RBWM Sites of Special Areas of Bisham Woods- Windsor Forest and international Conservation (SAC) (candidate SAC Great
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