DOCSLIB.ORG

Ross's Gull Invertebrates

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ross's Gull Invertebrates ARCTIC VOL. 34, NO. 2 (JUNE lWl), P. 122-132 Sabine’s Gull (Xema sabini), Ross’s Gull (Rhodostethia rosea) and Ivory Gull (Pagophila eburnea) Gulls in the Arctic: A Review SVEN BLOMQVIST’ and MAGNUS ELANDER* ABSTRACT. The earliest information on Sabine’s gull, Ross’s gull and Ivory gull was collected by several heroic arctic explorersduring the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. Ross’s gull was discovered in northern Canada in 1823 by James C. Ross and Sabine’s gull innorthwestern Greenland in 1818 byEdward Sabine. S.A. Buturlin was the first to find the breeding places of Ross’s gull in northeastern Siberia. Recently new breeding places have been reported from U.S.S.R. (Taymyr Peninsula, 1973), Canada (near Devon Island, 1976 and 1978; near Churchill, Manitoba, 1980)and Greenland (Peary Land and Disko Bay, 1979). Sabine’s gull and Ivory gull have a dispersed and patchy distribution with gaps too wide for them to be regarded as true continuous circumpolar species. The biotope requirements for the three species are compared. All three are food opportunists; recent data on their food choice and foraging behaviour are reviewed and discussed. The breeding ecology of the gulls is updated with special attention to the clutch size, where a climatological trend may bedistinguished. In contrast to birds in general, the most southerly breeding species (Ross’s gull) has the largest clutch size and the most northerly breeding species (Ivory gull) has thesmallest. Details of the large interspecific differences in migratory and wintering habits are presented. The documented northbound autumn migration of Ross’s gull observed in Alaska and the southbound migration of Sabine’s gull to western South America and southwestern and southern Africaare surveyed. The Ivory gull is regarded as a straggler during the winter, but recent observations on East Greenland of at least 500 migrating birds in September 1975 indicate that specific migratory routes may be used by this species too. RkSUMk. Lestoutes premibres informations concernant la mouette de Sabine, la mouette rose et le goeland senateur,furent rassemblees par d’heroïques explorateurs de l’Arctique, au cours du sibcle dernier et au debutde celui-ci. La mouette rose fut decouverte dans le nord du Canada, en 1823, par James C. Ross,et la mouette de Sabine, dans le nord-ouest de Groenland, en 1818 par Edward Sabine. S.A. Buturlin fut le premier A dtcouvrir les lieux de reproduction de la mouette rose dans le nord-est de la Sibtrie. De nouveaux lieux de reproduction ont et6 signales recemment, en URSS (phinsule deTaymyr en 1973),au Canada (prbs de l’île de Devon en 1976 et 1978, prbs de Churchill et Manitoba en 1980) et au Groenland (Peary Land et Disco Bay en 1979). La mouette de Sabine et le gdland sdnateur presentent une distribution dispersee et irregulibre avec de trop grands dcarts pour ttre consideres comme de vtritables espbces circompolaires. Les besoins biotopiques de ces trois esfices sont compares. Toutes les trois ont un comportement opportuniste par rapport A la nourriture. Des donnees kcentes sur leur attitude quantau choix et la recherche de la nourriture sont passees en revue et discutees. L’ttude del’ecologie de la reproduction des mouettes est mise Ajour. Une attention toute spkciale est port6e sur l’importance de la grandeur de la couvee,pour laquelle une influence climatologique peut ttre discernke. Contrairement aux oiseaux en general, l’espbce qui se reproduit le plus au sud (mouette rose) a la plus grande couvbe, tandis que l’espbce qui se reproduit le plus au nord (goeland sCnateur) a la plus petite. Des details sont donnes sur les grandes differences existant entre les espbces, concernant leurs habitudes migratoires e.t leurs comportements pendant l’hiver. La migration de la mouette rose, en direction du nord, observeeen automne en Alaska et celle de la mouette de Sabine en direction du sud, vers I’Amkrique du Sud et vers l’Afrique du Sud et du Sud-Ouest, sont examinees. Le goeland stnateur est consider6 comme une espbce A part durant l’hiver, mais de rkcentes observations faites en Septembre 1975 dans l’est du Groenland, sur au moins 500 oiseaux migrateurs, montrent que ces espbces peuvent egalement emprunter des itineraires de migration qui leur sont sp6cifiques. Traduit par les auteurs. CoxepxaHMe. nepaare caexema O BMJIOXBOCTO~VafiKe, p030~0fisafiKe M benofi uahe 6arn~AaHP B TeVeHMe L[eBffTHapUaTOBO M B HaVaJIeABaBqaTOBO BeKa HeKOTOp€J“ BhIBaDUlMMMCff MCCJIeAOBaTeJIffMMaPKTMKM. Pososa~VafiKa 6ma 3a~e~e~aLkeTcoM C. POCCOMB KaHane B 1823 roq. BMnoxBocTaffVafixa barsa OTKPbITa3ABapAOM Ce6afiHOM B CeBePo-BOCTOVHOfirpeHJIaHAMM B 1818 rom. C.A. FyTmnMH 6HJI nepBm KOTO~UBHamen MecTa rHe3AeHMff po3o~ofiqafim B CeBepOBOCTOVHOfiCH6MpM. B nocaexHeespeMff duno CoOdWHO O HafiAeHMMHOB= MeCTrHe3AeHMff B CCCP (TahqcKMfi IIOJIYOTPOB, 1973), B KaHaAe B iT06JIM30CTM&BOH AfiJEHA 1916,1978; B nO6nM30CTM%pVMJIJI-MaHMTO6a 1980 M B rpeHJJaHLMM (n-M XeHn M ~CKOEe2,1979). Paaureue~~eBM~OXBOCTOW M 6enofi VafiKM cpaBmTenbHo pemoe M xapaKTepHo JIMm AJIff OTAeJlbHMXPerMOHOB, ~06eJIbI Mexu KOTOPW HaCTOJIbKO BeJIMKMVTO HeJlb3ffCVMTaTb BbIlIE YnOMffHyTNXnTMU HaCTOffIIIMMM BOKpFIIOnQ€QJMM BMAOMM. CpaBHeHO ~MOTO~MV~CKM~TpedOBaHMR BCeX TpeX BMAOB. nepeCMOTpeH0 M qOZMCKYTMPOBaH0HOBPe AaHHYe O MX EMIQe M CnOCOdaXpa3bICKMBaHMff lTpOpOBOJIbCTBMff. nPOjI.KCK~TklpOBaH0 3KOJIOrMD BbICmHBaHMff COClTeUMaJIbHbIM YVTeHMeM BeJIMVMHH BMq, lTpM VeMyKa3aHO Ha BSMffHMeKJIMMaTa. OdpaTHO VeMy 6OJIb- IIIMHCTBaETMU, CaM gXsrHHfi BHA(pO3OBaa Vaka)BbICMXCMBaeT CaMbIe 60JlblUMe KOJIMVeCTBO ffMU, TOTVaC caM ceaepaarfi (benaff Vaha) BMX BbICMXMBaBT cmme Manue KonmecTBa.npHseneHo ~OE~O~HOCTM O OCO6eHHOCTMffXMMFPaUMM M 3MMOBKM OTAeJIbHNXBMBOB. &H 0630p AOIca3aHHOfiOCeHHefi MMrparlvrM poz~o~ofisaWm B cesepHoMHanpaBaeHMM, Ha6nmmeMofi Ha AnacKe, a Tame mrparlvrx BMJIOXBOCTOW VatireM Ha Ior B mro-aana~~groVacTb h~ofiAMepMm M Ha mo~ana~M Dr AQMKM. lienaff Vaka CwTaeTCa Henepenemofi,~~nocnenme HabmaeHm He MeHee VeM 500 nTw B BOCTOVHOW rpemaHnm B CeHTff6pbe 1975 ~ICa3bIBaIoT,VTO 3TOT BHA TOXe MOXeT nOJIb30BaTCff CneUM@MVeCKMMM MMrParlvrOHm IIYTffMM. Key words: Sabine’s gull (Xemu subini), Ross’s gull (Rhodosrerhiu roseu), Ivory gull (Pugophilu eburneu), distribution, feeding habits, breeding biology, migration ~ ~~ ‘Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, Box 6801, S-113 86 Stockholm, Sweden Tar1 Barks vag 28, S-163 58 Sphga, Sweden I22 GULLS IN THE ARCTIC I23 INTRODUCTION Between 1893 and 1896 the Norwegian polar explorer The three gull species Sabine’s gull (Xema sabini), Ross’s Fridtjof Nansen sailed with his ship Frum in the Arctic gull (Rhodostethia rosea) and Ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) Ocean northof the present Soviet Union. Froma position belong to the breeding and/or wintering avifauna of the on the 81st degree of latitude, midway betweenthe mouth Arctic. The present knowledge of the biology of these of the river Lena and the North Pole, Nansen wrote in his species, although sparse, indicates large differences be- diary on 3 August 1894: “Today my longing has at last tween their ways of exploiting and surviving the arctic been satisfied. I have shot the Ross’s gull.” To this Nan- environment. Sabine’s gulls only visit the Far North to sen added in his book Farthest North: “. this rare and breed, and spend the winters on oceans in the southern mysterious inhabitantof the unknown north, which is only hemisphere. The mostimportant known breedingarea of occasionally seen, and of which no one knows whence it the Ross’s gull, in contrast to the Sabine’s andIvory gulls, cometh or whither it goeth, which belongs exclusively to is not in the Arctic but in subarctic and boreal parts of the world to whichthe imagination aspires, is what, from northeastern Siberia. In the late summer and during the the first momentsI saw these tracts, I had always hopedto autumn Ross’s gull migrates northwards to unknown discover, . , .” (Nansen, 1897, Vol. 1:414-415). wintering grounds apparently in the Arctic Ocean. The DuringAndrCe’s unsuccessfuland tragic attempt in Ivory gull has, on average, the most northern breeding 1897 to reach the North Pole with the balloon drnen (the grounds of all birds. In the non-breeding season the Ivory Eagle), Ross’s andIvory gulls were seen. On the difficult gulls straggle southwards but are rarely seen far from the walk from the wrecked balloonto Kvitfiya (White Island) pack ice of the North. on eastern Svalbard, Ivory gulls, among other things, The gulls, especially Ross’s gull,are regarded as exotic were shot andeaten. It is apparent from the diaries of the visitors in southern latitudes. The first sighting of Ross’s deceased expedition membersthat “the Ivory gulls were gull in the USA. outside of Alaska, in 1975, inspired a regarded as delicious and in part of September when the literal pilgrimageto Massachusetts to watch the beautiful meat supply wasextremely limited, the gulls constituted a bird (Grandjean andGrandjean, 1980). The amount of rose valuable extra contribution to the menu” (AndrCe et al., colour in the plumage varies with individuals andis occa- 1930:272). sionally completely absent. The breast and belly of the Ross’s gull, knownfor its beauty, has long been cloaked Sabine’s gullare sometimes slightly tinged with pink(Sut- in mysticism. Other than a single record on West Green- ton and Parmelee, 1956; Sutton, 1962). land around 1810 (Winge, 1898), the first description of Taxonomically allthree gulls belongto separate genera Ross’s gull originates from William E. Parry’s second with each species as the only known member of the re- attempt to find the North-West Passage (Parry, 1824). In spective genus. The species are generally regarded as June 1823, on the east coast of Melville Peninsulain arctic monotypic, i.e. no obvious geographically-based intra- Canada, one member of the expedition succeeded in specific variations have been shownthat have led to sub- shooting two gulls. One of these is the holotype for the species differentation.The exception may be Sabine’s gull species Ross’s gull.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Contamination of Four Ivory Gull (Pagophila
    Contamination of four ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) colonies in Svalbard in link with their trophic behaviour Magali Lucia, Hallvard Strøm, Paco Bustamante, Dorte Herzke, Geir Gabrielsen To cite this version: Magali Lucia, Hallvard Strøm, Paco Bustamante, Dorte Herzke, Geir Gabrielsen. Contamination of four ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) colonies in Svalbard in link with their trophic behaviour. Polar Biology, Springer Verlag, 2017, 40, pp.917-929. 10.1007/s00300-016-2018-7. hal-01683806 HAL Id: hal-01683806 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01683806 Submitted on 14 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Contamination of four ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) colonies in Svalbard in link with their trophic behaviour Magali Lucia1*, Hallvard Strøm1, Paco Bustamante2, Dorte Herzke3, Geir W. Gabrielsen1 1 Norwegian Polar Institute, FRAM High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway 2 Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France. 3 Norwegian Institute for Air Research, FRAM High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, 9296 Tromsø, Norway *Corresponding author: Magali LUCIA Email: [email protected] Address: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre Hjalmar Johansens gt.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Penguins and Polar Bears Shapero Rare Books 93
    OF PENGUINS AND POLAR BEARS Shapero Rare Books 93 OF PENGUINS AND POLAR BEARS EXPLORATION AT THE ENDS OF THE EARTH 32 Saint George Street London W1S 2EA +44 20 7493 0876 [email protected] shapero.com CONTENTS Antarctica 03 The Arctic 43 2 Shapero Rare Books ANTARCTIca Shapero Rare Books 3 1. AMUNDSEN, ROALD. The South Pole. An account of “Amundsen’s legendary dash to the Pole, which he reached the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the “Fram”, 1910-1912. before Scott’s ill-fated expedition by over a month. His John Murray, London, 1912. success over Scott was due to his highly disciplined dogsled teams, more accomplished skiers, a shorter distance to the A CORNERSTONE OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION; THE ACCOUNT OF THE Pole, better clothing and equipment, well planned supply FIRST EXPEDITION TO REACH THE SOUTH POLE. depots on the way, fortunate weather, and a modicum of luck”(Books on Ice). A handsomely produced book containing ten full-page photographic images not found in the Norwegian original, First English edition. 2 volumes, 8vo., xxxv, [i], 392; x, 449pp., 3 folding maps, folding plan, 138 photographic illustrations on 103 plates, original maroon and all full-page images being reproduced to a higher cloth gilt, vignettes to upper covers, top edges gilt, others uncut, usual fading standard. to spine flags, an excellent fresh example. Taurus 71; Rosove 9.A1; Books on Ice 7.1. £3,750 [ref: 96754] 4 Shapero Rare Books 2. [BELGIAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION]. Grande 3. BELLINGSHAUSEN, FABIAN G. VON. The Voyage of Fete Venitienne au Parc de 6 a 11 heurs du soir en faveur de Captain Bellingshausen to the Antarctic Seas 1819-1821.
    [Show full text]
  • New Longevity Record for Ivory Gulls (Pagophila Eburnea) and Evidence of Natal Philopatry M.L
    ARCTIC VOL. 65, NO. 1 (MARCH 2012) P. 98 – 101 New Longevity Record for Ivory Gulls (Pagophila eburnea) and Evidence of Natal Philopatry M.L. MALLORY,1 K.A. ALLARD,2 B.M. BRAUNE,3 H.G. GILCHRIST3 and V.G. THOMAS4 (Received 25 April 2011; accepted in revised form 2 August 2011) ABSTRACT. Ivory gulls (Pagophila eburnea) have been listed as “endangered” in Canada and “near threatened” interna- tionally. In June 2010, we visited Seymour Island, Nunavut, Canada, where gulls were banded in the 1970s and 1980s. We recaptured and released two breeding gulls banded as chicks in 1983, confirming natal philopatry to this breeding colony. These gulls are more than 28 years old, making the ivory gull one of the longest-living marine bird species known in North America. Key words: ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea, Nunavut, banding RÉSUMÉ. La mouette blanche (Pagophila eburnea) figure sur la liste des espèces « en voie de disparition » sur la scène canadienne et des espèces « quasi menacées » sur la scène internationale. En juin 2010, nous sommes allés à l’île Seymour, au Nunavut, Canada, où des mouettes avaient été baguées dans le courant des années 1970 et 1980. Nous avons recapturé et relâché deux mouettes reproductrices qui étaient considérées comme des oisillons en 1983, ce qui nous a permis de confirmer la philopatrie natale de cette colonie de nidification. Ces mouettes blanches ont plus de 28 ans, ce qui en fait l’un des oiseaux aquatiques vivant le plus longtemps en Amérique du Nord. Mots clés : mouette blanche, Pagophila eburnea, Nunavut, baguage Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. by Peter Steele
    Document generated on 09/24/2021 11:02 a.m. Scientia Canadensis Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine Revue canadienne d'histoire des sciences, des techniques et de la médecine The Man Who Mapped the Arctic: The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. By Peter Steele. (Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2003. xviii + 307 p., ill. ISBN 1-55192-648-2. $39.95) Trevor H. Levere Volume 27, 2003 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/800462ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/800462ar See table of contents Publisher(s) CSTHA/AHSTC ISSN 0829-2507 (print) 1918-7750 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this review Levere, T. H. (2003). Review of [The Man Who Mapped the Arctic: The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. By Peter Steele. (Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2003. xviii + 307 p., ill. ISBN 1-55192-648-2. $39.95)]. Scientia Canadensis, 27, 101–104. https://doi.org/10.7202/800462ar Tous droits réservés © Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit / Association pour l'histoire de la science et de la technologie au Canada, 2005 (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Book Reviews / Comptes rendus 101 Science / Science The Man Who Mapped the Arctic: The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant.
    [Show full text]
  • Seabirds of Spitsbergen Ivory Gull (Pagophila Eburnea) Sabine's Gull
    Seabirds of Spitsbergen Although only one species of bird (the ptarmigan) is able to withstand the harsh Svalbard winters, this Arctic archipelago is a hub for many species of visiting breeding birds, especially sea birds. As you explore the ancient fjords and sail along the untamed coastal waters, you are likely to encounter a range of beautiful and fascinating species which visit Spitsbergen during the summer months. Whether watching the comic mishaps of little auks bouncing off the waves, admiring the carefree glide of the fulmar or watching the startling ivory gull to see whether it will lead you to a polar bear, the seabirds are an enigmatic aspect of any Arctic experience. Ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea ) This striking and surprisingly agile gull is distinctive in its brilliant white plumage. Immature ivory gulls also have white plumage but have a scattering of brownish-black spots on the body and the tips of the wing feathers. Like many other gulls, this Arctic species is an opportunistic feeder, consuming a wide range of foods that it encounters but it is commonly associated with scavenging from kills and these gulls will often follow polar bears and even human hunters to feed on the scraps from their kills. In parts of its range, ivory gull numbers have fallen rapidly. For example, surveys of breeding colonies in Canada in 2002 and 2003 revealed that populations had declined by 80 percent since the early 1980s. Sabine's gull ( Xema sabini ) The rare Sabine’s gull is a small species of gull, which breeds in the Arctic and has a circumpolar distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleozoic Rocks of Northern Chukotka Peninsula, Russian Far East: Implications for the Tectonicsof the Arctic Region
    TECTONICS, VOL. 18, NO. 6, PAGES 977-1003 DECEMBER 1999 Paleozoic rocks of northern Chukotka Peninsula, Russian Far East: Implications for the tectonicsof the Arctic region BorisA. Natal'in,1 Jeffrey M. Amato,2 Jaime Toro, 3,4 and James E. Wright5 Abstract. Paleozoicrocks exposedacross the northernflank of Alaskablock the essentialelement involved in the openingof the the mid-Cretaceousto Late CretaceousKoolen metamorphic Canada basin. domemake up two structurallysuperimposed tectonic units: (1) weaklydeformed Ordovician to Lower Devonianshallow marine 1. Introduction carbonatesof the Chegitununit which formed on a stableshelf and (2) strongly deformed and metamorphosedDevonian to Interestin stratigraphicand tectoniccorrelations between the Lower Carboniferousphyllites, limestones, and an&site tuffs of RussianFar East and Alaska recentlyhas beenrevived as the re- the Tanatapunit. Trace elementgeochemistry, Nd isotopicdata, sult of collaborationbetween North Americanand Russiangeol- and texturalevidence suggest that the Tanataptuffs are differen- ogists.This paperpresents the resultsof one suchstudy from the tiatedcalc-alkaline volcanic rocks possibly derived from a mag- ChegitunRiver valley, Russia,where field work was carriedout matic arc. We interpretthe associatedsedimentary facies as in- to establishthe stratigraphic,structural, and metamorphicrela- dicativeof depositionin a basinal setting,probably a back arc tionshipsin the northernpart of the ChukotkaPeninsula (Figure basin. Orthogneissesin the core of the Koolen dome yielded a
    [Show full text]
  • ARCTIC Exploration the SEARCH for FRANKLIN
    CATALOGUE THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT ARCTIC EXPLORATION & THE SeaRCH FOR FRANKLIN WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to Arctic exploration, the search for the Northwest Passage, and the later search for Sir John Franklin. It features many volumes from a distinguished private collection recently purchased by us, and only a few of the items here have appeared in previous catalogues. Notable works are the famous Drage account of 1749, many of the works of naturalist/explorer Sir John Richardson, many of the accounts of Franklin search expeditions from the 1850s, a lovely set of Parry’s voyages, a large number of the Admiralty “Blue Books” related to the search for Franklin, and many other classic narratives. This is one of 75 copies of this catalogue specially printed in color. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues: 320 Manuscripts & Archives, 322 Forty Years a Bookseller, 323 For Readers of All Ages: Recent Acquisitions in Americana, 324 American Military History, 326 Travellers & the American Scene, and 327 World Travel & Voyages; Bulletins 36 American Views & Cartography, 37 Flat: Single Sig- nificant Sheets, 38 Images of the American West, and 39 Manuscripts; e-lists (only available on our website) The Annex Flat Files: An Illustrated Americana Miscellany, Here a Map, There a Map, Everywhere a Map..., and Original Works of Art, and many more topical lists. Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the internet at www.reeseco.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
    A University of Sussex MPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the aut hor, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details THE MEANING OF ICE Scientific scrutiny and the visual record obtained from the British Polar Expeditions between 1772 and 1854 Trevor David Oliver Ware M.Phil. University of Sussex September 2013 Part One of Two. Signed Declaration I hereby declare that this Thesis has not been and will not be submitted in whole or in part to another University for the Award of any other degree. Signed Trevor David Oliver Ware. CONTENTS Summary………………………………………………………….p1. Abbreviations……………………………………………………..p3 Acknowledgements…………………………………………….. ..p4 List of Illustrations……………………………………………….. p5 INTRODUCTION………………………………………….……...p27 The Voyage of Captain James Cook. R.N.1772 – 1775..…………p30 The Voyage of Captain James Cook. R.N.1776 – 1780.…………p42 CHAPTER ONE. GREAT ABILITIES, PERSEVERANCE AND INTREPIDITY…………………………………………………….p54 Section 1 William Scoresby Junior and Bernard O’Reilly. Ice and the British Whaling fleet.………………………………………………………………p60 Section 2 Naval Expeditions in search for the North West passage.1818 – 1837...........……………………………………………………………..…….p 68 2.1 John Ross R.N. Expedition of 1818 – 1819…….….…………..p72 2.2 William Edward Parry.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Identification of West Palearctic Gulls P
    British Birds VOLUME 71 NUMBER 4 APRIL 1978 Field identification of west Palearctic gulls P. J. Grant The west Palearctic list includes 23 species of gulls: more than half the world total. Field guides—because of their concise format—provide inad­ equate coverage of identification and ageing, which has probably fostered the indifference felt by many bird­ watchers towards gulls. This five- part series aims to change that attitude nterest in identifying gulls is growing, as part of the recent general I improvement in identification standards, but doubtless also stimulated by the addition to the British and Irish list of no less than three Nearctic species in little over a decade (Laughing Gull Larus atricilla in 1966, Franklin's Gull L. pipixcan in 1970 and Ring-billed Gull L. delaivarensis in 1973). The realisation is slowly dawning that regular checking through flocks of gulls can be worthwhile. Just as important as identification is the ability to recognise the age of individual immatures. This is obviously necessary in studies of popula­ tion, distribution and migration, but is also a challenge in its own right to the serious bird-identifier. Indeed, identification and ageing go hand- in-hand, for it is only by practising his recognition skills on the common species—of all ages—that an observer will acquire the degree of familiarity necessary for the confident identification of the occasional rarity. The enormous debt owed to D.J. Dwight's The Gulls of the World (1925) is readily acknowledged. That work, however, has long been out of print and its format was designed for the museum and taxonomic worker; the present series of papers will provide a reference more suited to field observers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. by Peter Steele
    Document généré le 26 sept. 2021 22:53 Scientia Canadensis Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine Revue canadienne d'histoire des sciences, des techniques et de la médecine The Man Who Mapped the Arctic: The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. By Peter Steele. (Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2003. xviii + 307 p., ill. ISBN 1-55192-648-2. $39.95) Trevor H. Levere Volume 27, 2003 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/800462ar DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/800462ar Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) CSTHA/AHSTC ISSN 0829-2507 (imprimé) 1918-7750 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer ce compte rendu Levere, T. H. (2003). Compte rendu de [The Man Who Mapped the Arctic: The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. By Peter Steele. (Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2003. xviii + 307 p., ill. ISBN 1-55192-648-2. $39.95)]. Scientia Canadensis, 27, 101–104. https://doi.org/10.7202/800462ar Tous droits réservés © Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des / Association pour l'histoire de la science et de la technologie au Canada, 2005 services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
    Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose
    [Show full text]
  • The Arctic Council of 1851
    385 NOTES AND REVIEWS THE ARCTIC COUNCIL OF 1851 In 1848, when no news of Sir John Franklin's expedition of 1845 had reached England, alarm began to manifest itself for the fate of the missing men. In that year the first of the long series of search expeditions set out. By 1851 the plans of these expeditions were placed in the hands of the "Arctic Council", appointed by the Admiralty and consisting of the most prominent" Arcticists " of the period. To mark the centenary of the formation of this Arctic Council, we reproduce an engraving after the painting by Stephen Pearce, showing this group of experts. Brief notes on their previous careers are added. Key to the engraving 1 Sir George Back, F.R.S. 0 John Barrow, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. 2 Sir William Edward Parry, F.R.S. 7 Lieutenant-Colonel Sabine,R.A.,V.P.R.S. 3 Captain Edward .1. Bird 8 Captain W. A. Baillie Hamilton 4 Sir James Clark Ross, F.R.S. 9 Sir John Richardson, C.B., F.R.S. 5 Sir Francis Beaufort, K.C.B., F.R.S. 10 Captain F. W. Beechey, F.R.S. 11 Sir John Franklin, K.C.H., F.R.S. 12 Captain .Tames Fitzjames 13 Sir John Barrow, Bart., F.R.S. On the occasion of the first publication of this print in 1851, a "descriptive key" was provided by W. R. O'Byrne, which opens with the words: At a moment like the present, when Great Britain, joined by Representatives of the Maritime Powers of France, Russia, and the United States of America, is making 386 NOTES AND REVIEWS the most noble efforts for the recovery of Sir John Franklin and his gallant com- panions, and when, with the deepest interest and anxiety, the whole of the civilized world is looking for tidings of the lost Navigator, it has been considered not inoppor- tune to submit to the inspection of the public a picture containing authentic portraits of the great Arctic Officers now among us, who have all won their laurels on the icy field, and many of whom have shared with Franklin the hardships and perils of his former voyages.
    [Show full text]