NAME East Woodhay PARISH East Woodhay HUNDRED Evingar DISTRICT and Deane NGR SU 405615 GEOLOGY Mainly sited on a small 'island' of clay with flints.

SITE CONTEXT The settlements that make up East Woodhay lie on a generally NE facing slope at around 130-150m OD. To the SW the land rises to a scarp slope which rises sharply to over 280m OD. In the area between North End and Heath End is a valley in which rises a small stream flowing to the NE. East Woodhay lies near the head of this small valley. and Ball Hill lie on opposite sides of the stream to the NE.

PLAN TYPE & DESCRIPTION Generally small hamlets scattered around the parish.

The settlement area of East Woodhay consists of the church, Rectory, a farm and a few cottages irregularly spaced. Irregular agglomeration.

The area known as East End is larger than East Woodhay and consists of irregularly shaped plots alongside and around a road junction. To the N of the centre there are narrow plots lying parallel to the road. Irregular agglomeration.

North End is an irregular row. Along the W side of the road a continuous rear boundary can be seen along most of the length of the settlement. At the S end of the settlement there is a loop road with a couple of properties inside the loop, one at each end. Along the E side of the road there are two properties set back from the road frontage and well spaced. At the N of the settlement on the E side there is a long narrow plot characteristic of taking in of the road-side waste. Irregular row.

Generally, the development of the type of settlement represented by the hamlets of East Woodhay is not well understood and nationally has not been the focus of as much research as the more nucleated settlements of the country.

The place names of the hamlets, many with the suffix -End are usually taken to be later developments from an earlier centre, in this case possibly East Woodhay, but actually when these hamlets were developing is unclear and it is not safe to simply assign them to the post-medieval period.

AREAS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

East Woodhay, the smallest of the three of the hamlets of the parish studied, contains the church and has been assigned the only AHAP which surrounds the church although it is acknowledged that the church may have only ever been accompanied by a manor or magnate farmstead and possibly a few cottages rather than being the focus for a larger settlement. However, the possibility that this centre did form a focus for early settlement cannot be ignored.

To the S of the AHAP, an AAP covers the area of Church Farm which may be the magnate farmstead and the area to the N of the rectory, including the site of the cottage shown on the Tithe map also lies within an AAP.

North End. An AAP covers the area within the road loop at the S end of the settlement and extends to the fork in the road at the N. This area covers all of the settlement shown on the C19 map and also allows for the possibility that there was further settlement on the E side of the road opposite the main group of houses.

East End. The AAP includes the main core of C19 occupation as shown on the Tithe map but takes a wider sweep along the S edge to include an area S of The Smithy and Maverley Cottage which has possible earthworks which may be a continuation of the settlement area in the SE corner of the Tithe map, much of which has now disappeared.

CHURCH & CHURCHYARD St Martin. 1823.

Had a daughter chapel at .

The churchyard is irregularly shaped

BUILDINGS (Listed) Hilliers Ball Hill Early C17 mid C19 II Embrook House Early C18 II Ballhill Fmhse C17 C18 II Nether Oakhurst C16 C18 mid C19 II Dormer Cottage East End C16 and C20 II The Forge and The Court (1, 2 and 3) C17 and early C19 II The Old Sun Inn Early C19 II East End Fmhse Late C18 II Copse Fmhse 1869 II Dairy at Copse Fm 1869 and granary SW of Fmhse Mid C19 II Stargrove Mid C19 II Church of St Martin 1823 II Hollington Cross Fmhse Hollington c.1600 C18 C20 II Zell Fmhse C17 C18 late C19 II Barn 60 yds SW C17 and later II and granary 10 yds W Early C19 II Vinnicks Early C18 II Kinghams Fmhse Late C17 II Granary C18 II Jones' Fmhse C17 C20 II Falconswood C17 and C18 II Euinger North End C17 C20 II Yew Tree Cottage C17 C18 II 1 and 2 Northenby Cottages C17 with C18 cladding II Dower House C18 II The Old Cottage C18 C20 II Fox House Early C19 II Cottage Fmhse Early C19 II Hitchens Woolton C17 C18 C20 II Wellbrook House 1875-7 II Church of St Thomas 1849 II East Woodhay House Early C20 II

SMR DATA 5 40536146 Site of med church 10 42006240 Post-med clay pipe factory (Possible site of) 11 43106180 Clay pipes and part of a kiln. Clay pipe kiln nearby?

ADDITIONAL SITES/FEATURES 1 41346120 Site of cottage shown on Tithe map 2 41506132 Site of cottage and outbuilding shown on Tithe map 3 41646119 Site of several cottages and outbuildings shown on Tithe map on E side of road as far S as opposite Keeper's Cottage. There are earthworks in this area and there are also possible earthworks in the field on the W side of the road extending as far as the footpath to the S 4 41036283 Site of cottage and outbuilding shown on Tithe map 5 40576160 Hollow-way. 6 41056180 Earthwork. Positioned on the slope above the pond in Park Copse is a large sub-rectangular earthwork some 45m x 40m. On three sides of the feature (NW, NE and SE) there are ditches of uneven and irregular depth and width. There appears to be a slight bank along the edges of the platform within the 'ditches'. The platform itself is uneven and has been locally dug into. To the NE of this feature, in the NE corner of the field, is a rectangular ridge forming a slight platform 7 40856205 The OS map calls the pond within Park Copse a 'fishpond'. Whether this name is of any antiquity or refers to medieval fishponds is not known. The copse itself has a fairly large ditch on its N and E sides 8 40636172 Site of cottage shown on Tithe map

CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES OS 1:2,500 SU 4062-4162, 4061-4161; Tithe map 21M65/F7/72/2

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRIMARY HISTORIC SOURCES Domesday Not mentioned.

Subsidy Rolls 1334 1. 16. 8 1524 5. 3. 0 (36 taxpayers)

Manorial Documents

Hearth Tax 1665 199 hearths chargeable (81 houses) 134 hearths not chargeable (132 houses) Total 213 houses

PLACE NAME 1144, Wydenhaya Possibly OE Wuduhege or Wudugehæg 'wood enclosure (using artificial fences)' or from wid 'broad enclosure', which seems more likely. This may be the Domesday manor of Windenaie.

PHOTOGRAPHS 8/5-7

OTHER PROJECT ARCHIVE ELEMENTS In 1636 it was stated that 'the parishoners live very remote from the church and cannot hear the bells' (VCH Vol IV p 305).

In 1740 there was a cottage built on a parcel of waste at Heath End ( Court Roll 3M42/1-3).