Synergies between the Outer Planet and Communities Kathleen Mandt (@mommascientist) and the OPAG Steering Committee Representatives in our Backyard Houston/LPI Feb 5-7, 2020 Synergies between OPAG and Exoplanets

• OPAG Goals and Exoplanet Science Strategy • Outer Solar System Exploration • Outer Solar System Science - Giant planets - Ocean Worlds - Io and extreme tidal heating • Linking to Exoplanet Characterization

How can we apply what we learn with planetary missions to understand what we observe with exoplanet missions

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 2 • Jeff Moore (Chair) • Terry Hurford • Lynnae Quick – Expert in volcanism and NASA Ames Research Center Goddard Space Flight Center magmatism throughout the solar system. • Linda Spilker (Deputy Chair) • Kathleen Mandt Investigates the evolution and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Applied Physics Laboratory maintenance of subsurface oceans in icy • Alfred McEwen • Carol Paty , and evaluates their potential to University of Arizona, Tucson Georgia Institute of Technology serve as analogs for cold, H2O-rich • Jeff Bowman • Lynnae Quick exoplanets. Scripps Inst. of Oceanography NASA Goddard • Abigail Rymer – Expert in interactions • Morgan Cable • Abigail Rymer between the Sun and planets in our Solar Jet Propulsion Laboratory Applied Physics Laboratory System. Explores Giant Planets with a • Scott Edgington • Kunio Sayanagi particular focus on what we can learn Jet Propulsion Laboratory Hampton University from exploring the Ice Giants. • Amanda Hendrix • Britney Schmidt Planetary Science Institute Georgia Institute of Technology • Kathleen Mandt – Expert on atmospheric evolution and the implications for the • Mark Hofstadter • Thomas Spilker origin and evolution of volatiles in Jet Propulsion Laboratory Consultant planetary atmospheres. OPAG is NASA's community-based forum designed to provide science input for planning and prioritizing outer planet exploration activities for the next several decades OPAG Goals

• What is the origin, structure, and Exoplanet Science Strategy evolution of planetary systems? (ESS) Goals • What present-day processes shape planetary systems, and how do these • Formation and Evolution of Planetary processes create diverse outcomes Systems across different worlds? • Properties of Exoplanets and Potential for • What is the history and distribution of life Habitability in the solar system? • Cross-divisional theme: How can knowledge of the solar system advance our understanding of the , Sun, and exoplanets?

ESS identified two overarching goals that have strong synergy with OPAG goals

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 4 Outer Solar System Exploration Active and past missions • Future exploration? explored - Ice Giants Uranus and Neptune • The Giant Planets - Triton - & - - Uranus & Neptune - • Moons of the Giant Planets - Io - Europa - Ganymede & Callisto - Titan Many targets in the outer solar system provide science • Comets and the Kuiper results relevant to Belt characterizing exoplanets - Pluto and Arrokoth - Comets

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 5 Outer Solar System Exploration • Future exploration? - Comets ESA Comet Intercepter - Ice Giants Uranus and Neptune • ESS Goals - Ocean Worlds - Formation and Evolution of . Triton – does Neptune host an Planetary Systems ? - Properties of Exoplanets and . Enceladus – plumes from an Potential for Habitability internal ocean! . Europa – ongoing development of a landed mission - Io – extreme case of tidal heating - Pluto – KBO and past ocean world?

Possible future missions could provide direct connections to Exoplanet Science Strategy (ESS) goals

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 6 Giant Planet Interior Structure • Core - Gravity measurements probe interiors of giant See Allen-Sutter et al., Poster #3036, planets Movshovitz et al., Poster #3056, - Jupiter’s core is ”fuzzy” Kim et al., Poster #3031, and - What about other giant planets? Shim et al., Poster #3027 • Interior processes - Removal of Helium & Neon from the envelope - Core erosion into outer layers

We understand very little about the interior structure, energy balance, and interior processes of Uranus & Neptune

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 7 Giant Planet Atmospheres

See talk by Moses Thursday am for details on chemistry

Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/astronomy/ Cloud formation and complex chemistry differs on each giant planet

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 8 Giant Planet Atmospheres

Cassini image of Saturn storm in late 2010 HST images presented by NASA, ESA, and M.H. Wong and A.I. Hsu (UC Berkeley)

Clouds in planetary atmospheres are not static

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 9 Giant Planet Origins • Measure heavy elements in atmosphere to understand - Formation process - Building blocks - Migration history • Jupiter either formed in an enriched nebula or had solar composition building blocks • Less data for Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

We need in situ measurements of the noble gases in the giant planets to understand their origin and evolution

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 10 Giant Planet Systems • Variety of ring and satellite systems • Magnetic fields

Source: IG SDT Report Our understanding of the rings, satellite systems, and magnetospheres of Uranus and Neptune is very limited Source:LASP @mommascientist 10 February 2020 11 Icy Moons and Habitability • Major focus in Planetary Science is determining if life could exist on “Ocean Worlds” • Some exoplanets (e.g.,See Trappist Vance-1h et & al., Friday 9:00 am, Kepler 138 d) may beMayorga H2O-rich withet al., ice -Friday 9:50 am, covered surfaces Barnes et al., Poster #3015, and Mitchell, Poster #3076

What observations could Planetary missions exploring icy moons make to advance Exoplanet studies searching for habitable ocean worlds beyond the solar system?

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 12 Ocean Worlds with Plumes • Enceladus - Detected by Cassini - Endogenic plumes • Europa - Detected by HST, confirmed with Galileo data - Plumes may also be endogenic - Target of Clipper mission • Triton - Detected by Voyager - Endogenic?

Plumes may provide direct access to subsurface oceans

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 13 Io as an Analog for Extreme Tidal Heating • Tidal heating - Same process that creates subsurface water oceans - Fundamental process forSee many known McEwan exoplanets et al. Wednesday 4:00 pm and • Io is the most volcanicallyRadebaugh active body in theet solar al, Postersystem #3050 • Magma ocean world

What observations could Planetary missions exploring Io make to advance Exoplanet studies seeking to understand hot exoplanets?

@mommascientist 10 February 2020 14 Strategy for our Communities

• Involve exoplanet scientists during mission concept phase • Open up data analysis programs (DAP) for planetary missions to exoplanet research - Include in AO - Exoplanet experts on panels • Exoplanet scientists as Participating Scientists on Planetary missions Contact me if you are interested in co-signing this white paper [email protected]

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