January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1685 EXTENSIONS OF REMARK.S AMERICA'S VOLUNTEER FIREMEN Maryland has one of the most modern such man who was one of our Nation's true facilities in the nation. heroes. An expected 250 firemen will give up Mike died at the age of 80 in this, our HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN watching that pro football game next Sunday Bicentennial Year. But his passing does OF MARYLAND . to participate in a one-day fire school at Washington College in Chestertown, Md. not bring with it a forgetting of the 1~ T THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES They will start at 9 a.m. and finish about 5 man who gave so much to so many. He Thursday, January 29, 1976 p.m. is memorialized in the list of men who so They won't be paid time and half, either. highly distinguished themselves in the Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, at a time George Mayer, a long-time member of the line of duty-the Congressional Medal when the news reports too often show us Easton Fire Company, is also a part-time in· the behavior of the selfish and self-seek­ structor with the University of Maryland Fire of Honor-and his name is inscribed ing, I would like to focus our attention School. He has given more than 100 classes in the hearts of the thousands who knew for a moment on the work of a very dif­ throughout the Eastern Shore and is still and loved him. ferent sort of person. I am referring to going strong. I insert an article which recently ap­ As of this year, those classes, with 15 to 20 peared in the local Long Beach news­ the volunteer firemen, who give so gen­ men each, run three hours a night, once a erously of their time to make their areas paper, the Nassau Star, which provides week, for 26 weeks. a detailed and fitting memorial to this safer and their neighbors more secure. They don't cost the public a dime in wages They do not go on strike, do not seek to the firemen, but they may save thousands great citizen: double time, do not waste their efforts in of dollars or, quite possibly, a life when the MICHAEL VALENTE, CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF job actions, do not cost the taxpayers man gets on the scene of an actual blaze. HONOR HOLDER huge sums of money. As an example, in Queene Anne's County Michael Valente, Congressional Medal of at the present time, there are 75 volunteers Honor holder and long time resident of In return, I do not think it is much taking the basic fire training classes in Cen­ Long Beach, died January lOth at the age to expect that we do all within our power treville, Grasonville and Romancoke. Begin~ of 80. to see that they can afford to continue ning the first of the year, 65 more men in Mr. Valente came to Long Beach in its their operations. Inflation has hit all of Kent County will be enrolled in various early, developing years. His construction us, and the volunteer firemen are not classes. company built many of Long Beach's beauti­ immune to its impact. A not insignificant These fellows, as all the volunteers in Del­ ful homes. A solid and devoted citizen, he part of their economic woes comes in the aware and Maryland, are not expected to be served as City Marshal and Court Attendant form of federal taxation on commodities paid for overtime, and rarely do they ever until his retirement eight years ago. essential to the maintenance of fire think of striking for better wages. Having emigrated at the age of 18 from The average volunteer fire fighter is not his native St. Apollinare, Italy, Valente made prevention services-telephone and looking for a hero's mantle, but he sure as his first home in Ogdensburg, New York. He communication devices, gasoline, diesel, hell hates to get slugged with a bum rap had been in the country only three years special fuels and vehicles. I have joined when he carries an axe to the roof and at­ when he enlisted in Company D of the New with several of my colleagues in spon­ tempts to ventilate a smoky building so the York National Guard. It was then that soring legislation to exempt these local fire can be located and extinguished. Valente started down the road that would departments from these Federal excise Remember that the next time your fire lead him to the trenches of World War I taxes, just as other nonprofit groups are company announces its annual fund drive. France and the immortality of having his exempted. It's an important non-profit organization in name inscribed in the distinguished line of your community. men on the Medal of Honor Roll. The following article written by Dan Valente's regiment was activated during Tabler of the State News provides an the American campaign against the Mexican insightful glance into the contributions bandit, Pancho Villa. Although the men were and efforts of volunteer firemen: MICHAEL VALENTE: LONG BEACH, itching to see action on that front, Com­ VOLUNTEER FIREMEN N.Y., LOST ONE OF ITS MOST DED­ pany D did not see action until it was ab­ (By Dan Tabler) ICATED AND CONTRIBUTING CITI­ sorbed into the 27th division instead and ZENS sent overseas to fight in France with the The fellow in the big boots, heavy coat and British. fireman's helmet whirls a large axe and punches a hole in the roof of a burning The Medal of Honor is the highest distinc~ building. HON. JOHN W. WYDLER tion which can be earned by a member of the Armed Services. It is awarded by the A couple of curious by-standers comment OF NEW YORK President, in the name of Congress, to an aloud: "That's all those guys do-break IN 'I'HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES down doors, smash windows and throw a individual who, while serving in the Armed little water. They do more damage than the Thursday, January 29, 1976 Forces, "distinguished himself conspicu­ fire." ously by gallantry and intrepidit:r at the risk Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ of his life above and beyond the call of duty." Somebody else chimes in: "Yeah, they just want to ride on the back of the fire engine, ary 10, the city of Long Beach, N.Y., lost The first Medal of Honor was awarded during one of its most dedicated and contribut­ the Civil War. blow the siren and run red lights." The details of Michael Valente's act of It is a bum rap 99 per cent of the time. ing citizens, Michael Valente. The volunteer fire fighter is a dedicated Mike came to Long Beach when both .courage are contained in the citation he re­ fellow who could be your next door neigh­ he and the town were developing. His ceived with the medal. It reads as follows: bor, a state probation officer, a minister and, construction company took roots and For conspicuous gallantry arid intrepidity yes, even a newspaper editor. above and beyond the call of duty in action over the years has provided Long Beach with the enemy during operations against the It would be silly to say that all of the with its most outstanding homes. He not nearly 15,000 volunteers in Maryland are Hindenburg line, east of Ronssoy, France, 29 perfect and that some of them didn't join to only gave of his talents through his September 1918. Finding the advance of hjs blow the siren and become involved in the homes, but contributed his citizenship organization held up by a withering enemy excitement of a fire. through his activities as city marshal machinegun fire, Private Valente volun­ and court attendant until his retirement teered to go forward. With utter disregard of But the small towns of America (and even his own :- ersonal danger, accompanied by bigger ones like Dover) would be mighty 8 years ago. another soldier, Private Valente rushed for­ hard-pressed financially to pay high insur­ But Mike Valente's outstanding char­ ward through an intense machinegun fire ance premiums or fund full-time fire com­ acter and contributions did not stop in directly upon the enemy nest, killing two panies were it not for the guys who leave Long Beach. His meritorious service dur­ their businesses in the day and their homes and capturing five of the enemy and silenc­ ing World War I brought him the high­ ing that gun~ Discovering another machine­ at night to answer the alarm. gun nest nearby, which was pouring a deadly Property owners on the Eastern Shore and est award this country can offer, the Congressional Medal of Honor. fire on the American forces, preventing their throughout the Delmarva Peninsula are for­ advance, Private Valente and his companion tunate that fire training classes are the rule I, of course, knew Mike Valente per­ charged upon this strong point, killing the rather than the exception in most small town sonally having been brought up in the gunner and putting this machinegun out of firehouses. There is a fine, well-equipped fire city of Long Beach and always knew the action. Without hesitation they jumped into school outside Dover, and the University of pride the community had in this fine the enemy's trench, killed two and ~aptured ·1686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 16 German soldiers. Private Valente was benefit from one or more provisions of THE $2 BILLION GIVEAWAY later wounded and sent to th• rear. H.R. 5247. The equalizing of the complex (By Lynn Ludlow and Hearst) After recovering in England, Valente re­ wm turned to the U.S. in March of 1919. Ten formula written by the Office of Man­ THREE ROCKS, FRESNO COUNTY .-Paper years later, President Herbert Hoover be­ agement and Budget for the allocation of farmers, absentee landowners and several big latedly presented him with the Medal of water polution control construction corporations reap most benefits from a. fed­ Honor in Washington, D.C. During World moneys is of particular help to the 33 eral irrigation project that was supposed to War n, Valente served on the local board least urbanized States. My State of South redistribute huge landholdings into family of the Selective Service in Nassau County. farms. Carolina, badly in need of construction Thousands of small farxnsteads were "Mike" Valente became a popular and money to curb pollution and able to use well-known figure in Long Beach. As an promised within the Westla.nds Water Dis­ active citizen he was often called upon to such funds immediately, will gain a trict from a taxpayer investment estimated lead the parade on Memorial Day or be the much-needed 41 million dollars. Com­ at $2 blllion in various subsidies. Guest of Honor at functions which repre­ munities across the country can use these Shaped like a fat green cucumber on the sented the ideals he had fought for. funds to supplement local, State and dusty west side of the Ban Joaquin Valley, Michael Valente was a hero in Long Beach other Federal moneys to begin work im­ the 572,072-acre irrigation district was and in his unassuming way served as an mediately on long-delayed projects. formed in 1952 by corporate growers and inspiration for many throughout his fifty landowners seeking federal help to replenish Of itself, this legislation will not and their sinking water table. years ln the community. He was part of cannot resolve all the problems of reces­ Long Beach and enjoyed lt to the fullest Their spokesman in Congress, Rep. B. F. with his family around him. He is memorial­ sion, unemployment and inflation that Sisk, D-Fresno, predicted family farms in ized through the city by the houses he built, have troubled us so long. However, this the thousands "sharing the productivity and and the apartment building and the Jewish bill will remove hundreds of thousands the bounty of fertile lands blossoming with War Veterans' scholarship fund that bear of men and women from the unemploy­ an ample supply of water." his name. In addition, his name is forever ment and welfare rolls, making them With the cheap water came reclamation inscribed in a stain glass window for Medal contributing taxpayers and thereby ease law. This imposed a 160-acre limit per farm of Honor holders in his National Land Mark significantly the financial drain on their owner. He is supposed to inhabit or be "an designated 7th Regiment Armory in New occupant" of the 160 acres. York. These tributes to his memory are communities. It will also enable their In return for up to 10 years of water at lasting and appropriate, symbolizing the communities to get on with their job of exceptionally low cost the great landowners man in his context. providing proper public service to all signed agreements to sell off their holdings Valente is survived by two daughters, their citizens. in 160-acre farms at the appraised pre-water Mary Madalena, of Long Beach, and Jose­ Across our country in this Presidential price. phine Cuneo, of Lido Beach; a son, Anthony, election year, there is a great debate and This would return people to the land, cha1- of Uniondale; three grandchildren and a division surrounding what is carelessly lenge the long trend toward corporate con­ great-grandchild. called "Federal spending." It is time for trol of farmlands in America and test the Mr. Valente's family members also include ever-popular notion that bigness is better. Mr. John V. Scaduto, Long Beach Republican someone to distinguish between Federal By now, with more than 100,000 acres sold Leader and Treasurer of Nassau County. spending and Federal investment. This off during the first decade of reclamation, legislation provides for investment in the 300 to 600 owner-operated farms of 160 acres future. or less should have been started. Officials and citizens await the passage The result so far: Two. PUBLIC WORKS BILL IS INVEST­ of this legislation so that they may re­ This remains corporation country with sponsibly commence rebuilding our econ­ huge farming operations, vast fields and big MENT IN FUTURE tax advantages. Missing from its fiat land­ omy, our future and, indeed, our Nation scape are barns, chicken coops, 4-H clubs, itself. silos, kids with fishing poles, John Deere HON. KENNETH L. HOLLAND tractors (too small) and inhabitants. OF SOUTH CAROLINA Not since Teapot Dome's on lease give­ UNENFORCED LAWS CONTRIBUTE aways have public resources been exploited IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TO THE DEATH OF THE FAMILY so flagrantly-with the active aid of govern­ Thursday, January 29, 1976 FARM ment officials-for private gain. A two-month Examiner investigation Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. Speaker, today the shows the U.S. Department of the Interior House is scheduled to vote on final pas­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. and its Bureau of Reclamation are unable or sage of the conference report to H.R. OF CALIFORNIA unwllling to implement the land redistribu­ 5247, the Local Public Works Capital De­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion mandated by Congress, required by law, velopment and Investment Act. I strong­ upheld by courts and promised by politicians. ly support this legislation and am hope­ Thursday, January 29, 1976 ,To city folks, with problems of their own, Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. its more than a simple issue of law and or­ ful that President Ford will sign it into der. Wetlands has become a. fat example of law. Speaker, as legislators we all know the growing corporate control of rural Americn, In fiscal year 1976 the Federal Gov­ importance of our role in a democratic and what might be termed the government­ ernment spent $19.4 billion on unem­ society. We are responsible for establish­ agribusiness complex. ployment compensation. Surely we could ing national policies, and priorities. One result is an industrial technology im­ better invest $6.2 billion in the employ­ Among the policies we have adopted is posed on the nation's farms. This raises ment of our citizens-mostly in the pri­ a national policy in favor of the small questions about use of energy, threats to the vate sector-rather than perpetuating family-owned farm. Our Western States environment (the Delta, for example), tax were developed with Federal funds, un­ subsidies of all kinds, migration to the cities the expensive and demoralizing unem­ and the reason why tomatoes feel like base­ ployment lines. der Federal programs that required that balls, taste like chemicals and cost 69 cents a The advantages of H.R. 5247 over other the benefits of the Federal dollar flow pound. public service jobs are numerous. The to the small landowner. Unfortunately, To country people, the effects are less ab­ foremost is probably the fact that the these Federal laws have been flagrantly stract. A two-room hovel on the edge of this jobs to be created are in the private violated, and the violations have been drab hamlet illustrates the shattered prom­ sector and for the permanent benefit of ignored by those pledged to uphold the ise of land for the landless-a promise a community. The money will not be law. These violations tend to make a buttressed by a decade of federally-sub­ sidized irrigation that increased the value spent on many of the traditional make­ mockery of the actions of the legislative of farmlands. here by tenfold. work projects but rather on the con­ branch. Although some new housing was built here struction or renovation of permanent lo­ I expect that we will be hearing more in a government self-help program, the cal facilities such as schools, municipal about this sorry state of affairs, especial­ shanty sits in a lot next to abandoned hulks offices, water and sewage treatment ly since a Senate committee is looking of farm machinery. Windows are boarded. plants. into this matter. At this time I would Part of the roof is open to the sky. Walls are This legislation is urgently needed by only want to place a background article chinked with cardboard. The house doesn't our hard-pressed State and local govern­ On thiS subject in the CONGRESSIONAL have electricity, water or sanitation. ments, by small businesses in distressed This is home for a farm laborer, his preg­ RECORD for the benefit of my colleagues. nant wife, their two children and a. dog. In areas all over the country and by jobless The article from the January 11, 1976, Spanish, the young woman says her husband Americans. There is not an area of the issue of the San Francisco Sunday Ex­ is at work in cotton fields nearby. country which would not permanently aminer and Chronicle follows: Like other ·tillers of the soil in corpora tiou January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1687 country, he is paid by the hour and com· dry. Giant pumps and 2,500-foot wells were "Failure to enforce residency subverts the mutes to his job like a factory worker. for big operators. excess land limitation," said Murray. "The These cotton fields are among the 100,000 It became corporation country. The major policy behind reclamation law, to aid and acres already sold in 160-acre units in tech­ landowners are Southern Pacific, with 106,000 encourage owner-operated farms, requires nical compliance with the law. As current acres in checkerboard sections, and Standard enforcement of the residency requirement ~'~ greements with landowners come due in the Oil, Bangor Punta Inc. (Producers Cotton to prevent these violations." next 10 to 20 years, most of the 572,072 acres Co.), Giffen Inc., Anderson, Clayton Co. and San Francisco attorney Arthur Brunwasser, in the district will have been divided into Getty Oil. who argued the case for the landless farm­ quarter sections (160 acres). The annual overdraf.ts from the water workers, finds it ironic that the opposition If the law were strictly enforced, West­ basin caused the land itself to subside in comes from government attorneys who are lands (and other federal reclamation dis­ what geologist J. F. Poland calls "one of the supposed to administer reclamation law. tricts) would have become a. new frontier great changes man has imposed on his en­ Brunwasser expects the appellate court's offering opportunity to thousands of men vironment." decision, whatever it is, to be appealed to the and women. In this district alone, more than Fields settled as much as 30 feet, cracking U.S. Supreme Court. 3,000 small farms would be possible. foundations and crushing well casings. The high court has already spoken. In 1958, Instead, these are fields without farm­ It was a crisis for the landowners. Tiley basic provisions of reclamation law were up­ houses. The laborer from Three Rocks workS formed the Westlands Water District in 1952 held in Ivanhoe v. McCracken, a San Joaquin on 160-acre tracts owned by a consortium on the usual basis of one dollar (of assessed Valley case. of absentee investors, leased to a manage­ valuation), one vote. The court said the 160-acre limitation "in­ ment firm, farmed as a single unit and The board sought help from the federal sures that this enormous expenditure will not worked by cropdusters, D-8 Caterpillars, air­ government. The landowners hoped to be go in disproportionate share to a few indi­ conditioned harvesting units and as few field exempted from the 160-acre limitation, which viduals with large landholdings." hands as possible. would mean, if strictly enforced, their de­ Decrees by the Bureau of Reclamation have "It's the best land anywhere," says Jessie parture from the land. The alternative was expanded the limitation to 640 acres by per­ de la Cruz, a. lifelong field worker who repre­ a new dust bowl. mitting 320 acres for man and wife and 160 sents a farming cooperative that is trying, THE LAW acres apiece in trust for two children. without success, to buy land here. Like the Swamp Lands Act, the Desert The bureau also allows another gimmick "I measured the land by the inch because Lands Act and the grants of public land to not provided by the law itself. It says various I worked with an 8-inch hoe 10 hours a day," railroads, the Homestead Act failed in its members of a large family, including in-laws she told U.S. senators in July. goal of placing independent settlers on the and children, may hold the equivalent of 160 "When the canals were built out there, we land. acres in undivided interests. This is like were looking at it as a future for the farm When Congress drafted the National Rec­ owning a percentage of a large piece of prop­ workers to own our family farms, but the big lamation Act in 1902, irrigation and land erty. growers would look at the water. Instead of reform were tied together from the begin­ Groups of unrelated absentee buyers are seeing people and family farms, they were ning. also allowed to buy 160-acre parcels in land looking at dollar signs.'' President Theodore Roosevelt, who signed that will be leased or sharecropped as a single Because it involves so many dollar signs in the law, saw it as a way to prevent revolution. unit. direct subsidies to big landowners such as "Now I have struck the crux of my appeal," One such transaction was approved by the Southern Pacific and Standard Oil, the West­ he told San Francisco's Commonwealth Club Bureau of Reclamation but led to a criminal lands project has become Exhibit A in grow­ in a 1911 debate. conspiracy indictment by the U.S. Attorney's ing criticism of the federal Bureau of Recla­ "I wish to save the very wealthy men of this office. Trial is stlll pending for Fresno real mation. country and their advocates and upholders estate developer John Bonadelle on a charge Critics don't necessarily agree on whether from the ruin they would bring upon them­ of evading the National Reclamation Act, but the 160-acre limitation is practical today. selves if they were permitted to have their neither buyer nor seller were hauled into Some sympathize with the bureau's role in way. court. attempting to enforce a complex set of laws "I wish to secure this country against ever THE WATER without backing from rural congressmen, seeing a time when the 'ha.ve-nots' shall Rafters on the American River, house. the White House or the Department of Jus­ rise against the 'haves,' " he told the club­ boaters at Shasta Lake and fishermen at tice. All agree the law's goals have been sub­ men. Whiskytown have something in common with verted into an arrangement between big cor­ The populist law was intended as a fair the corpo1·ate farm operators of the West­ porations and government that one critic deal for landowner, buyer and society. No­ lands. They use the same water. calls "state socialism.'' body is required to buy federally subsidized Stored in the great network of federal The bureau's contract to provide water to water. If he does, four basic rules are set reservoirs and released in the dry season Westlands is the costliest in history. The dis­ forth in the 1902 law and later statutes. into the Sacramento River and its tributaries, trict itself is the largest in the nation. Federally subsidized water cannot be de­ the water is sucked from the Delta by the With 894 square miles, most of its fields livered by the irrigation district, which acts Tracy pumping plant and deposited in the receiving federal irrigation, the district on as middleman, to more than· 160 acres per San Luis Canal/California Aqueduct. the western fringe of Fresno and Kings farm owner. It's a joint federal-state operation for the counties is nearly as big as Rhode Island. The recipient must be a ''bona. fide resi­ first 102 miles, serving the Westlands and two Author William Saroyan, in his recollec­ dent on such land or occupant thereof resid­ small reclamation districts, Panache and San tions of boyhood among the fig and raisin ing in the neighborhood." Joaquin. The water is stored in the huge farms near Fresno, referred to the San In return for up to 10 years of very cheap San Luis Reservoir, then released at 13,100 Joaquin Valley's west side as "the desert." irrigation, land in excess of 160 acres must cubic feet per second down the concrete ditch The same words are used today by Russell be sold off in 160-acre parcels. that bot·ders the Westlands district. Giffen, 74, the shrewd corporate farmer who The sale price must be appraised at the From the canal, water flows into an under­ went there in 1934 to build a cotton empire. pr-e-project value at the signing of the ground system of pipes five feet in diameter. With but 7 inches of annual rainfall, the 10-year agreement. Each quarter section has its own turnout, west side wasn't good then for much more The law has been nibbled to pieces by a great faucet rising above the grapes and than spring grazing. legal decrees from the Department of the tomatoes. It was once included in the 14 million Interior. As the underground water basin is gradu­ acres of California amassed by Henry Mil­ First to go was the residency rule. It's the ally recharged, the imported water is sup­ ler, the ranch king, in a tradition of govern­ key to the law's effectiveness but tough to plemented by water from the deep wells. ment generosity that continues until this administer and police. It was voided arbi­ These were turned over to the district by the day. To qualify for grants under the Swamp trarily on the argument that Congress, in landowners. Lands Act of 1850, for example, Miller hitched strengthening reclamation laws in 1926, After irrigation, waste must be drained up a rowboat and dragged it across valley from the croplands because of a thick layer didn't repeat the part about residency. of clay-the ancient bottom of Tulare Lake­ grass. Now pending in the Ninth U.S. Judicial Water was discovered here as a conse· that might otherwise cause flooding by water Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco now laden with salts, pesticides, fertilizer quer_ce of oil drilling. is the government's appeal of a 1971 ruling With wells as deep as 2,500 feet, Giffen and and other pollutants. which upheld the residency requirement. The drain system pumps the waste water others mined water from the underground In the suit filed in 1969 by 123 land-seek­ basin in prodigious amounts. to a drying pond to the north. Evertually, ing farmworkers in the Imperial Irrigation the Bureau of Reclamation hopes to build Laden with salts, tile well water killed off District, U.S. District Judge William D. the San Luis Drain, which will dump the most crops. It didn't seem to bother cotton, Murray said an administrative agency cannot barley, melons and safflower. waste water into San Francisco Bay. repeaJ an Act of Congress. An acre foot of water is enough to fill an The water table began to sink. Officials of the Bureau of Reclamation and acre to the depth of one foot, or about 326,000 The owners of the few small farms were the Westlands district told the Examiner gallons. Under its pending contract with the forced to sell out when their wells wen1i they hope his ruling will be overturned. Bureau of Reclamation, the Westlands dis- ·1688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1970 trict will get 1.15 million acre feet a year. to meet the law's land redistribution require.. tractual obligations of the apprentice­ This is 375 billion gallons. ments. ship system, directed that apprentices Landowners are now paying $7.50 an acre Doyle Buhler, a bachelor, lives on his 40- foot, which Is a third the cost to customers acre parcel near Mendota. It Includes 30 acres from New Jer·sey, Pennsylvania, Dela­ of the California Water Project and less of pistachios, and Buhler says he supports ware, and .Maryland could be enlisted in than half the cost of pumping from deep himself entirely with his crop. the Continental Forces only if they had wells. David Olivera farms 160 acres of cotton and the consent, in writing, of their "master The rationale behind this bargain In West­ sugar beets with his brother within the or mistress!' The directive became neces­ lands, of course, was the bellef that famlly Westlands district, but both live 10 miles sary because many persons serving as ap­ farmers could use the subsidies in water away in Tranqulllty. Olivera says the 160- prentices had enlisted before they had prices. acre farm wholly supports them. completed their agreed voluntary service THE DEALS More than 3,600 parcels of 160 acres or against the wishes of their masters and Land transfer documents filed with the less are listed within the district. Most are Fresno County recorder show that the 1902 leased to farm operators by their absentee mistresses. Moreover, all apprentices en* law is treated by federal otll.cials as some­ owners. A few are home base for farmers who listed without such consent were to be thing of an annoyance. also lease nearby fields, and a few are owned "immediately discharged from the serv­ Title to one large holding passed through by farm operators with supplemental income. ice, on the application of • • • their • • • a dozen hands and a friendly foreclosure, No farmhouses are visible along the 80-mile master or mistress, upon the payment of all with the assent of the Bureau of Recla­ stretch of Interstate 5 as it skirts the district all just and reasonable charges of their mation. Then It returned to the original ex­ between the Mendota and Kettleman City (e) n.listment:• cess landowner, Harris Farms, Inc. turnoffs. In another case, 3,390 acres was sold by Orchards, vineyards and new row crops, Giffen Inc. to 22 buyers. The list is headed nourished by water from the San Luis Canal/ by wives of adjoining farm property owners, California Aqueduct, are planted in sections Frank Telles and Jess P. Telles Jr. of Fire­ a roue square. THE RIGHTS OF THE AMERICAN baugh. The others include various rela·i;ives Scores of would-be farmers have petitioned FISHING INDUSTRY and in-laws. without the slightest success for farm prop­ The acreage was sold in 17 parcels, wt erties made available by the 160-acre limi­ together as a single package and distributed tation. Sales are controlled by the sellers. HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI to the 22 buyers 1n undivided interests. The The Bureau of Reclamation has no formal OF NEW YORK share of each owner is less than 160 acres, rules to assist potential buyers. assuming it could somehow be separated from "We're not in the right club," says Sal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the rest. Gonzales, executive director of Westside Thursday, January 29, 1976 In yet another twist of the law, Anderson, Planning, which is sponsored by the U.S. Clayton & Co. sold 623 acres (for $320,000) Community Services Agency. Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, Amer­ to Dura-Style Homes, Inc., which is not a Gonzales has spent three years trying to icans making their livings from the sea family farmer. find farmland in the Westlands district for are in trouble. Many countries with It was then resold to two married couples low-income famllles, and he can tap banks heavy investments in fishing are sub­ In San Jose, who held the acreage in undi­ and government institutions for some finan­ sidizing their :fishing industries to an un­ vided interests. The couples leased the prop­ cial aid. It hasn't helped. erty to Vista del Llano, a farm management Public records show most 160-acre buyers precedented extent. In the cases of Rus­ operation. are paper farmers. Like the fowls of the air, sia and Japan, for example, :fishing is a Vista del Llano is owned by Anderson, neither do they reap, nor do they sow, nor totaly government-subsidized undertak­ Clayton & Co. gather into barns. Instead, they have front ing. This is having a serious effect on our Without federal irrigation or an under­ money, inside connections, an interest in tax own fishing industry. ground water table, most land in the dis­ shelters and the direct aid of the Bureau of Increasingly in the past decade, foreign trict would be worth no more than $100 to Reclamation. fishing :fleets have ventured close in to $200 an acre, according to county appraisers Dominated by engineers and dam builders, our shores, depleting :fish stocks in U.S. and others. the agency needs support from rural con­ Actual value today is about $1,500 an acre. gressmen for an apparently endless series of coastal waters at an astonishing rate. Because the law requires a "pre-project" dam and canal projects in western America. Many species are near extinction as a price, the Bureau of Reclamation is generous Although land redistribution was supposed direct result. Cumulatively, our :fishing by allowing $500 to $600 an acre. to be part of reclamation policy, bureau offi­ industry is close to extinction itself. Even so, it's the bargain of the century for cials told the Examiner without hesitation Our own industry has frantically the absentee investors. Virtually all buyers that technical compliance is all that is nor­ pleaded its legitimate case, only to meet are friends and relatives of the sellers. mally required. with indifference from much of the pub­ The public lost a mere $80 million in the The same policies exist in dozens of re­ lic. Many Americans today, therefore, Teapot Dome on scandals that sent the sec­ clamation districts, but the Westlands con­ retary of the interior to prison 50 years ago tract has caught the attention of a U.S. Sen­ are eating fish caught off our own shores as the fall guy. In the Westlands, the losses ate panel. which have been sold and reshipped to are more than money. Hearings are scheduled in California next this country from foreign lands. If the A district spokesman concedes that West­ month by Sens. Gaylord Nelson, D-Wis., and Government does not act with vigor lands production would have dropped to $25 Floyd Haskell, D-Colo., co-chairmen of a swiftly, there shall be no industry to sal­ mUlion or less without federal water. joint committee on small business and the vage. The district's fields sank in elevation as interior. Its special concern is survival of the The House passed, and I was among much as SO feet while the big farm operators famUyfarm. those who supported it, a measure which pumped out the underground reservoirs. At earlier hearings in Washington last summer, spokesmen for the Bureau of Re­ would go a long way towards correcting As the vast majority of federal taxpayers, this situation. Its ma.jor provisions are: city folks pay most of the water bUl. Over the clamation and Westlands Water District de­ next 40 years, the federal subsidies are esti­ fended their administration of the law. They First, extension of our country's :fishery mated at about $2 b11lion. said rulings are based on interpretations of zone from 12 to 200 miles, effective July The sum is unimaginable. If the dollar long standing. 1, 1976, except in the Gulf of Mexico, bllls were taped end to end, a green ribbon Although simple in result, few issues of the where a 12-mile fishery zone is retained would circle the earth seven times with century are so complex 1D detaU as the West­ until such time as the Secretary of Com­ enough left for a fancy bow. If $2,000 were lands tangle of land, water, law and deals. merce determines there is a need to ex­ put aside each day starting with the found­ tend it. Second, a comprehensive con­ ing of Rome in 753 B.C., the cache wouldn't servation and management program gov­ quite total $2 billion yet. The belief that big farms are the price of TWO-HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY erning all fishing within the zone. Third, progress is challenged by government studies priority rights to U.S. fishermen within that show the one-man farm is probably as the zone, with excess stocks to be shared efficient as the factory farm universal in these HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS with foreign nations. Fourth, exemptions parts. OF CALIFORNIA of highly migratory fish from the bill, "In fact, it's even more efficient on occa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which it is believed will protect the inter­ sion," says one U.S. Department of Agricul­ ests of American tuna fishing fleets. ture report. Thursday, January 29, 1976 The other day the Senate passed a The trend toward factory farming could comparable measure, with some differ­ have been reversed in the Westlands Water Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years District, but a search by the Examiner pro­ ago today, on January 30, 1776, the Con­ ences, especially in the date when such duced only two farm operations that appear tinental Congress, to enforce the con- legislation would take effect. While I feel January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1689 that implementation of the measure is The present fight for equal rights in the domination and constitute a mortal threat an urgent need, the difference of one year work-a-day world was not necessarily shared to Israel. We cannot expect Israel to remain for implementation is certainly resolv­ by Mrs. King, who like most black women indifferent to such a development. Israel had able. Therefore, I urge that the conferees leaders had always worked with her husband. so far made clear that it has no intention work out the differences as swiftly as She was dedicated to making this a better of involving itself in the internal war in Leb­ community in which to live and wanted to anon. However, if the United States, the possible so that the bill may be sent to see young black women excel as students and leading Western power, and the free world, the President for signature, a move he business women. especially the world Christian community, has indicated he will make. Leontyne King served on the Board of the will continue to disregard the Moslem war The fishing business is one endeavor Willfandel Club and spearheaded fund rais­ for the liquidat ion of Christian Lebanon, the that built our country. Many thousands ing drives for scholarships and for the brick situat ion is bound to get out of hand with of jobs are at stake. The economic viabil­ wall that presently encloses the garden area dire consequences for the situation in the ity of many port cities is involved. Many of the 5th Avenue and West Adams Club Middle East. house. It is worth not ing t hat the United Stat es millions of dollars are presently being ex­ As an advisor to the St ar-Liters Club, she commitment to Israel to consult on mat ters pended for foreign fish imports which encouraged scholarship programs and as relating to the security and interest of the should be going into the pockets of Amer­ an Hcnorary member of Alph Phi Chapter Jewish State was violated by the Adminis­ ican fishermen. Shipyards are sitting of Iota Phi Lambda Business and Profes­ tration, when it voted on November 30th idle. Much of this state of affairs win sional Women's Sorority, she was pledged to in the Security Council against the wish of change once the legislation in question encourage young women to strive for busi­ Israel for the Resolution which enabled the is approved by the President and imple­ ness careers through education. current President of the Council, the rep­ Voted one of the 10 Best Dressed Women resentative of the Soviet Union, to establish mented. Certainly the bill is an impor­ in the city of Los Angeles in the L.A. Sentinel a precedent to recognize the PLO as a party tant and overdue piece of legislation. Poll for a number of years, finally retiring to to the Middle East conflict and invite the t he Hall of Fame, Mrs. King att ributed her terrorist organizat ion to participate in t he fashion success to good grooming and ward­ Council's debate. Before asking Israel for IN MEMORY OF MRS. LEONTYNE robe planning. consultations on Lebanon, our government KING This she shared with many young people, should make certain that the United States as she coordinated fashion shows or lectured itself is to live up to its commitment by to them on the value of self improvement. consulting with Israel in matters relating to Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke Funeral services will be held for Mrs. King pollcies involving the Middle East develop­ OF CALIFORNIA t oday but the works of Mrs. King in this ments affecting matters of peace and war. city, will live on .. . She was truly a lady. To ask Israel t<> consult presents the pos­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sibility of situations developing that invite Thursday, Janum·y 29, 1976 severe disagreements between Israel and the United States. Can Israel afford to permit Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ REPORT THAT PRESIDENT FORD her security to be determined by any other er, last Friday, January 23, 1976, the HAS ASKED ISRAEL NOT TO IN­ nation, including one as friendly as the city of Los Angeles and the State of TERFERE IN LEBANESE WAR United States? Should Israel be placed in a California lost one of its most dedicated position where she is asked to refrain from civic and social leaders, Mrs. Leontyne action deemed necessary for her own secu­ King. Active in religious and political HON. LESTER L. WOLFF rity? Moreover, can the United States take circles, Mrs. King was a 12-year member the responsibility for the possibility that Is­ of the Los Angeles Library Commission OF NEW YORK rael will refrain from taking action and then IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES find out when it is too late that her own and a cofounder of the Chti.rch of Divine judgment should have been followed? As a Guidance. She served on the Library Thursday, January 29, 1976 matt er of fact, recent experience has indi­ Commission longer than any other black Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would like cated that intelligence information given to in Los Angeles. She also served as a na­ to call my colleagues' attention to a Israel by friendly powers has not always tional vice president of the National statement issued last month by Dr. Jo­ proved to be reliable. Library Association. seph Sternstein, president of the Zionist Another factor to be considered, is the pos­ Funeral services for Mrs. King were sibility that such "consultations" create a Organization of America and leader of de facto military alliance. Should Israel take held today, Thursday, January 29, 1976, Temple Beth Sholom of Roslyn, N.Y. Dr. action with or without U.S. approval, it in Los Angeles at the Church of Divine Sternstein had some interesting com­ would ultimately involve the United States Guidance, 1518 South Grammercy Place. ments on the position taken by President and therefore the question must be asked, The Rev. Clayton Russell officiated. Ford on the possibility of intervention is it a good policy for the United States to There are many tributes that can be in Lebanon and the need for prior con­ be so obligated or to be vulnerable to future paid to Mrs. King and much that can be charges of involvement in foreign military sultation on such a matter. The state­ actions. said. However, I feel that the following ment follows: article which appeared in the Los Angeles In the final analysis, the historic doctrine Sentinel today best expresses the feelings REPORT THAT PRESIDENT FORD HAs ASKED of self-defense, based on self-determination, ISRAEL NOT TO INTERFERE IN LEBANESE WAR, is precious to every country, and Israel of all of her friends who knew and loved PUZZLING AND DISTURBING TO ZOA PRESIDENT should not be asked to give up this impor­ her: The report that President Ford has urged tant concept. MRs. L EONTYNE KING-"SHE WAs A LADY Israel not to interfere in the war between OF CLASS" Moslem and Christians in Lebanon without (By Jessie Mae Brown) prior consultation with the United States is As International Women's Year reaches its puzzling and disquieting. The war in Leb­ mid-way mark, Mrs. Leontyne King, a modern anon has been instigated, and carried on EULOGY OF PAUL ROBESON day champion for "Women's Rights'' is being by the Arab states, particularly Libya. Thou­ laid to rest today (Thursday) after a losing sands of Syrian paramilitary and regular sol­ battle with cancer. diers are participating in the attack on the HON. BARBARA JORDAN The dignity with which she went about Christian communities in Lebanon. Libya is OF TEXAS her work in the city of Los Angeles won her pouring money, arms and men to the Moslem the reputation of being a truly gracious lady. fighters. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For twelve years she was a Los Angeles City The Moslem attack on the Christians is Thursday, January 29, 1976 Library Commissioner. During her stint Otf clearly part of the Pan Arab strategy and service, she was elected to the presidency pollcy which hopes to eliminate non-Islamic Ms. JORDAN. Mr. Speaker, it is my and served on the national board. Arabic people from the area. This is clearly s.ad mission to call to the attention of When her term as a City Commissioner an overture for a later strategic move against the House the demise of Paul Robeson, ended in 1973, Mrs. King continued to serve Israel to liquidate the Jewish State. We are an outstanding American and a leader on the National Board. wondering why the President singled out of the black American community for the She worked to get more jobs for black Israel with his oblique presentation. By lim­ past half century and more. librarians and almost singlehandedly, suc­ iting his consultation request to Israel, the cessfully led a drive to save the Vernum President cleared the Arab states from re­ He was not of my political persuasion, Branch Library in the East side area. sponsibility of their involvement in the Leb­ but no matter. He was a genius, a man Recognized as an astute business woman anese War. of many talents, of great heart, great for years, Mrs. King was engaged 1n the We wish to remind all concerned that a enthusiasm, remarkable personality, and management of her family business and victory for the Moslems in Lebanon would a man of kindness and sympathy for properties. put the count ry completely under Syrian sufferers in every land. His admirers 1690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 numbered in the millions. Had he despots. Obviously, t here are a few hard feel­ Herst. I believe he deserves recognition sought a political path less controversial ings among the Friends of Milo Community for his contribution, and the thanks of in nature, he could easily have become Hospital, but the record suggests that the big guys have acted out of a sincere concern Members of Congress for his efforts. a millionaire. That he chose another for greater efficiency and better medical care. The lyrics of "The song of Seventy path and insisted on saying so, publicly, In any event, the last few years have been Six'' follow: without fear, rendered him anathema to a chronicle of one discouraging hassle after THE SONG OF SEVENTY SIX those in whom respectability alone is another. The hospital trustees were put on Imbue us with new faith to dedicate this ever the issue of the moment. notice that the building failed to comply year. He is gone and I am grieved by the with certain safety standards. Teams of in­ Instill us with true love to consecrate this news, as are the legions who regard him spectors came and went. Reports were filed, year. as the singer par excellence of our gen­ certificates were denied. Finally, in May of The courage and wisdom of our forbears. eration, and several other generations. last year, it looked as if $100,000 to $150,000 Sets an example to us, their heirs. would have to be spent if the hospital were Rekindle that spirit is what we must do. to survive. With hard work and foresight our goals will Such a sum is pocket change in Washing­ come true. ton; it is the kind of trivial item that gets Let's forge on t ogether in seventy six. THE BIG GUYS GO AFI'ER MILO'S rounded off in a decimal point. In Milo, it Forever t he home of the Free. TINY HOSPITAL looked like the national debt. Then the big guys relented: If the top two floors of the old building were lopped off, and if this were HON. DEL CLAWSON done and that were done, at a cost of maybe PRIME MINISTER RABIN WELCOMED OF CALIFORNIA $30,000, perhaps a reprieve would be approved. TO THE UNITED STATES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But the big guys had a bigger and better Thursday, January 29, 1976 idea: If Milo would just go along with con­ struction of a 52-bed regional hospital at HON. ABNER J. MIKVA Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, the Dover-Foxcroft, 13 miles away, everything OF ILLINOIS 'V"ashington Star of Tuesday, January would be solved. The little hospital in Milo IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 27 contained an editorial by Mr. James could be abandoned. Fine medical care would J. Kilpatrick which makes an excellent be assured. It was all friendly, but there was Thursday, January 29, 1976 point concerning the lengths to which an edge to it: If Milo didn't go along, Milo Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, I would like the people of this country can be driven would lose its Medicare-Medicaid nioney. to welcome Prime Minister Yitzhak The townspeople held town meetings. Re­ as a result of reams of bureaucratic red­ peatedly they rejected the friendly proposal. Rabin of Israel to this country and to tape. Since many of the rules and regu­ Instead, they plunged into renovation with the Congress. Throughout his dis­ lations which so disrupt the lives of in­ their own hands. They raised $6,000 the old­ tinguished career as a military and po­ dividuals or the effectiveness of institu­ fashioned way. And in November, spick and litical leader, he has justifiably earned tions bear little resemblance to the legis­ span, the bobtailed little hospital reopened. the respect and admiration of all people lation they are intended to implement, I Alas, the effort hasn't impressed the big sincerely concerned with insuring the believe there is increasing momentum guys behind the big desks. Medicare and peace of the world. Americans have a Medicaid funds have been withheld. The across the Nation for the form of in­ Blue Cross-Blue Shield people say their con­ particularly good reason to welcome Mr. creased congressional oversight pro­ tract lapsed while the hospital was closed Rabin because of our memory of the hu­ vided by H.R. 8231 and identical bills. for renovation. Presssure continues for the manity and intelligence he demonstrated The column by Mr. Kilpatrick is in­ big regional institution at Dover-Foxcroft. during the period in which he served as cluded at this point in the RECORD: The trouble with the stubborn people of Israel's Ambassador to the United THE "BIG GuYs" Go AFTER MILo's TINY Milo, it is said, is that they don't know what's States. HOSPITAL good for them. In his address to the Congress, Mr. (By James J. Kilpatrick) Well, maybe not. But here is a small town Rabin has eloquently outlined the his­ fighting for what its own townspeople, in MILO, MAINE ..:_The little town of Milo t heir own town meeting, say they want to tory of Israel. Hi~ description is of special (pop. 2,600) lies in north central Maine, hold onto. That's a principle worth saving, importance to all Americans as we cele­ somewhere south of Millinocket and some­ if it takes a billion baked beans to do. brate the Bicentennial of our independ­ where north of Bangor. The casual traveler ence. Like Israel, the United States began is not likely ever to get· to Milo unless he as a small isolated country whose fight has some particular business to attend to, against enormous odds was primarily but there's a story here wort h a moment of your time. THE SONG OF SEVENTY -SIX sustained by a deep conviction in the Unless some new money is found by early democratic process. We in the United February, the town will lose its hospital. All States are fortunate to be living in a the old money has been exhausted; the bake HON. JOHN L. BURTON secure, democratic state, but Israel is sale money, the bean supper money, the town OF CALIFORNIA still fighting for her independence. It is tax money-it's all run out. After a small­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES incumbent upon all Americans that we town struggle that would break your heart, continue to support her efforts to main­ the "big guys" may win after all. Thursday, Janua1·y 29, 1976 The "big guys" are all those powerful tain a secure democracy. people behind big desks somewhere else-at Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, Although Mr. Rabin's accomplish­ the Department of Health, Education and in this, our Bicentennial Year, I think ments are great in number, none have Welfare in Washington, at state agencies that it is important to encourage the ac­ surpassed his ability to conduct Israeli down in Augusta, wherever it is the Blue tive participation of as many citizens as policy with dignity, even in the face of Cross and Blue Shield administrators sit. The possible to help celebrate our Nation's the scurrilous actions of his neighbors. "big guys" a.re the planners and policy-mak­ birthday. The Arabs Nations and their allies have ers. I am therefore pleased to have received acted in a way that demeans not only And Milo is pretty small. Its hospital has an important contribution to this cele­ their own motives but also the world body nine beds. One is reminded of Daniel Web­ ster's argument in behalf of Dartmouth Col­ bration from a constituent, Mr. Edward specifically designed to insure peace, the lege-a small institution, but there are those Herst of San Francisco. United Nations. Israel has steadfastly who love it. The hospital in Milo has no such Mr. Herst has taken the time and ef­ refused to participate in such shameful glorious history; it dates only to 1928, when fort to compose and copyright the words behavior, and Mr. Rabin's remarks in­ it was established privately in a comfortable and music to a Bicentennial song, called dicate that she will continue to respond old t11ree-story house. In 1960, the town "The Song of Seventy Six." to unfair demands with dignity and formed a non-profit corporation and took it As is the case with any birthday gift, strength. over. Mr. Rabin's address again demon­ In the course of time came the big guys it is the thought that counts. And the w1t11 the big programs and the big ideas and thought becomes that much more mean­ strates the sincere desire of Israel to find the big books of rules and regulations. These ingful when comes from the heart, is of­ a solution to the problems of Palestinians factotums, dignitaries and policy-makers are fered in the spirit of patriotism, and is . and others in the Mideast. He has offered not to be regarded as black-hatted villains; given with no thought of private gain. to meet face-to-face with the leaders of they have not acted as dictators, tyrants or Mr. Speaker, this is the case with Mr. the Arab world at a.ny time and in any January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1691 place. Unfortunately, the Arab leaders what the Administration is doing to carry curity assistance whenever it is found that out the Congressional mandate in this area. a country violates human rights." have not yet demonstrated an equal will­ The :first is section 5, and I will read Judging from the information I have seen ingness to meet and frankly discuss their through these briefly, but I wish you would one can only conclude that Zaire is a re­ common problems. The different ap­ note them booause I would like to have you pressive government, it is a totalitarian proaches to peace between the Arab provide speci:tlc responses. government, and it has been guilty of various countries and Israel is obvious. When Section 5: It is the sense of Congress that charges that I think one can easily interpret Arab countries have actively pursued or the President should continue to press for­ as violating human rights. covertly encouraged terrorist activities, ward urgently with his efforts to negotiate In your answer to Mrs. Meyner, if I can with the Soviet Union and other powers a. say this graciously, it just appeared as bu­ Prime Minister Rabin has acted with re­ limitation on the arms shipments to the reaucratic nonsense. Are there any instances straint. When Arab countries have re­ Middle East." where the President has reduced or ter­ sorted to blackmail and extortion, Mr. Section 6: "It is the sense of Congress that minated security a,ssistance to a country for Rabin has relied on reason. When Arab the President should immediately institute violating human rights in the context of this countries have viewed international di­ a. thorough and comprehensive review of the section? plomacy as an exercise in bellicosity and m111tary aid program of the United States. Mr. MAW. We have not made any such force, Mr. Rabin has consistently dis­ That the President should take such actions statement in respect of any country and played a readiness to compromise and a as may be appropriate to initiate multilateral have not gone further than to say it has discussions with the major powers on the been taken into account in arriving at our sincere desire for peace. control of worldwide trade, armament: to programs. OUr primary question is the as­ It is sadly true that the State of Israel commence a general debate in the United sessment of our own national interest and faces some difficult years ahead, but it Nations with respect to the control of the we have avoided making any :findings or should be of considerable solace to all conventional arms trade and, last, to use publicly condemning internal actions. her friends and to all people interested the power and prestige of his office to signify Mr. BoNKER. Mr. Maw, excuse me. I was in peace, that her future course is being the intention of the United States to work asking for speci:tlc instances where we have charted by a person with the skill and actively with all nations to check and con­ reduced or terminated security assistance judgment of Prime Minister Yitzhak trol t.he international sales and distribution programs to countries who have violated of conventional weapons of death and de­ human rights. Rabin. It is even more reassuring to hear struction." Mr. MAw. There is not any instance where the prime minister make it clear to the Specific responses, please. we have pubUcly so stated. world that there will always be an Israel Mr. NooTER. That is out of my bailiwick, Mr. BoNKER. Thank you. in the Middle East. Mr. Bonker. General Fish may be able to respond to it in part, and anything else we can try to obtain for you from the Depart­ ment for the record. TRUTHINGOVERNMENTACCOUNT­ General FisH. In April '55 U.S. delegate WHAT BECAME OF CONGRES­ to the Conference of the Committee on Dis­ ING ACT SIONAL INTENT? armament in Geneva tables proposed state­ ments, principles for limiting arms transfers. Response from the committee members rep­ HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. HON. DON BONKER resenting both selling and buying nations OF WISCONSIN OF WASHINGTON was negative. A Report was made to Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress by State Department. A proposal is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES being prepared by State for staffing that Thursday, January 29, 1976 Thursday, January 29, 1976 would convene a U.S. intragovernment work­ Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, Represent­ Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, in con­ ing group to study possible incentives and atives CRANE, PRITCHARD, WAGGONNER, means for further encouragement of foreign and I wrote a letter to our fellow Mem­ junction with our consideration of a new governments to participate in international security assistance package, the House arms control discussion. bers in November seeking cosponsors for International Relations Committee was Dr. Kissinger has been asked in Congres­ the Truth in Government Accounting privileged recently to hear testimony sional hearings where he stands on interna­ Act, legislation which would require the from several senior Government officials tional arms control effort such as convening U.S. Government to prepare and make who administer the Foreign Assistance a conference and he has consistently said public annual consolidated financial Act and the Foreign Military Sales Act. that is something we are prepared to explore. statements utilizing the accrual method Among others, they included Lt. Gen. Mr. BaNKER. When Secretary Kissinger ap­ of accounting. To date, over 100 Mem­ peared before this committee last week he bers of Congress have joined us as co­ Howard M. Fish, Director of the Defense stated four criteria to be considered in the Security Agency of the Department of foreign transfer of defense services and sponsors. Defense; Robert H. Nooter, Assistant equipments. General, are you familiar with In December, the Comptroller Gen­ Administrator for Near East and South the criteria that were established by the eral, appearing before Chairman BRooKS Asian Affairs of the Agency for Interna­ Secretary and can you apply them in each of the House Government Operations tional Development; and Carlyle E. Maw, instance. Committee, endorsed the concept and Under Secretary for Security Assistance General FISH. We are familiar with those gave a brief report on the implementa­ of the Department of State. criteria and of course they are those that tion of the law which requires Federal are used. That is of course what is the great departments and agencies to adopt ac­ I had the chance to address to them and extent of the threat to the security of the concern of many Members that the the recipient nation; what is U.S. interest crual accounting. executive branch has been slighting the in helping preserve that security. What are Yesterday, before the House Appro­ expressed intent of Congress that some the nations that are involved in military priations Committee, Treasury Secretary limits be placed on arms transfers to for­ transfers to the recipient countries. Simon announced plans to publish a eign countries, both in terms of sheer Now, is the potential and what are the consolidated financial statement for the volume and in relation to observance of consequences for us if we fail to respond? Federal Government as a whole based on fundamental standards of human rights. ]).f:r. BoNKER. I might add that the intent the accrual method of accounting. of Congress has been that we should not Treasury has been publishing accrual The following excerpts from our ex­ violate human rights in the distribution of change reinforce these concerns. sales of military equipment or arms to these statements for certain individual agen­ From hearings before the House Inter­ countries. cies since 1956. The target date for the national Relations Committee, Novem­ Why is that not included in his criteria? first consolidated statement, according ber 12, 1975: General FisH. I don't know why the Sec­ to Secretary Simon, is early 1978. Mr. BONKER. In recent years Congress has retary did not include that. I applaud the decision of the Secre~ attempted to enunciate new policy direc­ From hearings before the House In­ tary and commend him for his initiative. tions with respect to military sales and mili­ However, I believe that Congress tary assistance. And throughoat these hear­ ternational Relations Committee, No­ vember 11, 1975: should proceed with consideration of the ings members have referred from time to Truth in Government Accounting Act in time to provisions in the Military Sales Act Mr. BoNKER. With respect to Section 502 which attempt to develop these new guide­ (b), to which Mrs. Meyner referred a few the spirit of the recent initiatives of lines. moments ago, she said in quoting that sec­ Congress to develop a greater respon­ Mr. NOOTER. I would like for you to respond tion "It is the sense of Congress that except sibility for-the formulation and control speci:tlclally to two sections in the Mllitary in extraordinary circumstances the President of the budget of the Federal Govern­ Sales Act and tell the committee precisely shall subst antially reduce or terminate se- ment. The implementation of a consoli- 1692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 dated financial statement based oh ac­ be recognized only when they are e·arned and for children as young as 8 or 10 to oper­ crual methods of accounting should be a sure to be collected and expenditures will be ate heavy farm machinery. Most family recognized no later than the time the liabil­ joint Executive-congressional project. ity to pay them is firmly· established. We farmers are able to stay in business only I urge my colleagues who have not believe that this will bring more responsible by putting the entire family to work and done so to join as consponsors of the accounting to government. Financial prob­ if they had to pay for all the labor their Truth in Government Accounting Act­ lems will surface long before a crisis is wives and children supply, they simply for it is essential that we develop the imminent, thereby reducing unpleasant could not make it. tools we need to analyze and evaluate surprises. I believe this will permit more The Milwaukee Journal recently pub­ the long-range impact of all programs reasoned judgments on decisions which im­ lished an article by Reporter David and policies of the Federal Government. pact the future fiscal flexibility of our Skoloda which explains just how much nation. Our children should not bear the If we limit our efforts to an examination albatross of paying for the excesses of this most dairy farmers depend on family of annual budgets comprising receipts generation, while their government is unable labor and I insert it in the RECORD: and expenditures, congressional budget to cope with problems because it lacks fiscal CHILDREN OFTEN DOUBLE AS FARMHANDS reform is mere window dressing, in spite flexibility. (By David M. Skoloda) of all the rhetoric to the contrary. I realize that this committee has been con­ TAYLOR, Wis.-The farmer was misty eyed Mr. Speaker, I would like to insert cerned in the past about the cost of install­ as he faced four congressmen at a Wisconsin excerpts from Secretary Simon's testi­ ing elaborate accrual accounting systems in public hearing recently and poured out h is mony in the RECORD at this point so that agencies where the need is not clearly estab­ story of frustration. lished. I want to assure you that I am not "The children are so tired they can hardly my colleagues will have the opportunity advocating a slavish application of textbook to review his excellent statement in sup­ keep "their eyes open-getting up early to accounting to every agency and appropria­ help with the chores," he said. port of this important concept: tion without regard to benefits. All Federal Yet even with their help, the farm wasn't STATEMENT BY THE HONORABLE WILLIAM E. agencies have accrual accounting of some doing well, he said. For what purpose, then, SIMON, SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, BE­ sort. What we intend to do is to supplement had he worked his children so hard? he FORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIA­ the data we already have with some missing asked himself. TIONS, JANUARY 27 AND 28, 1976 pieces of major proportions, and by major I Another farmer said: "I've been on the The balancing of the Federal budget by mean in terms of governmentwide magni­ farm 33 years and worked the hell out of rY 1979 would have a favorable impact on tudes, not individual appropriations. my wife and kids and I finally got the farm the future development of the U.S. economy. I also want to say that I am not proposing paid off." Because of the cumulative nature of govern­ a change in the basis for calculating the of­ Thus did two of the many farmers who ment spending programs over the years, de­ ficial budget surplus or deficit, or in the testified at the dairy hearings acknowledge ci::Jions made during this budget-planning manner of justifying appropriations. There the important role that children play on period will largely determine whether or not are some who advocate accrual accounting many of the state farms. Family labor has we will achieve responsible fiscal policy goals for both of those purposes, but I do not want long given the farm an edge over operations in the future. Thus, the long-term impact to let the controversy over those applications that must hire labor. of current policy decisions should be the interfere with my objective of giving the Nationally, there are now about 3,005,000 basis for all of our economic planning. American people a clear business-like dis­ family workers on farms, compared with There can be confusion about what is closure of the overall financial condition of 1,250,000 hired workers. · · necessary to deal with a current problem and their Government. One of these family workers is Mark Sim­ the effect of that action on future fiscal onson, 10, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Glenn flexibility. Too often we in government are Simonson of Taylor. Mark and his parents, pronf' to make decisions without proper along with Cathy, 13, Deborah, 8, Michael 5, consideration of the cumulative impact of FAMILY FARMS and Tammie, 4, live on a scenic ridge six those decisions on t he future. To deal with miles south of Taylor in Jackson County. this problem, I am proposing that govern­ The long, narrow road to thei:r; farm rises men i.; accounting be placed on ·an accrual HON. DAVID R. OBEY sharply though the wooded hillside and then basis where unfunded liabilities are full:Y emerges on the top. · recognized. This would thwart the natural OF WISCONSIN The land drops sharply away on either tendency for those at all levels of govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES side of the house and barn, and half of the ment to want to claim revenues too early and Thursday, January 29, 1976 410 acres that Simonson works are steep and expenditures too late, thereby postponing dotted with stands of woods. the day of reckoning. We have had recent Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, as my col­ In summer, the tillable slopes are care­ examples of the sharp and painful adjust­ leagues know, I have long been an advo­ fully planted in strips along the contour of ments that must occur to a local government cate of Government policy which pro­ the land to slow the rush of water and loss when things are continually swept under the motes the economic health of dairy of soil. It was on these slopes that Simonson, rug until eventually the rug will cover no now 35, learned to farm. more. With each sweeping, future fiscal flex­ farming-especially family dairy farm­ He recalls that when he was 5, he was ibility is curtailed one more notch. Eventu­ ing. I was delighted that the Congress driving a tractor and tipped over a wagon ally a government has no flexibility to deal last month took a step in that direction on the steep slopes. No one was hurt and with current problems. The same thing oc­ by passing a bill to raise milk price sup­ the incident has not deterred him from hav­ curs for the Federal government, except the ports to 85 percent of parity and institute ing his son operate the farm equipment. rug can be stretched for a while because, quarterly adjustments. That bill is still Now, 10 year old Mark is learning on the after all the Federal government prints the sitting on President's Ford's desk and if land. money. he chooses to veto it, I intend to be in "He b andles the tracto·rs, and this summer The Treasury has been publishing accrual he unloaded most of the chopper wagons, statements for certain individual agencies the forefront of the override effort. his father said. "We try to watch where he's since 1956 and we now plan to do this on a As I have noted many times before, I going to work and don't let him go on the consolidated basis for the Federal govern­ represent far more consumers than dairy terribly steep land.'' ment as a whole. Our target date for the farmers, and some of my consumer con­ [Tractor accidents in which children are first of these publications-for the Fiscal stituents have a hard time understand­ victims are a constant worry for farm fam­ Year ending September 30, 1977-is e·arly ing why I am so committed to dairy is­ ilies. The state's Bureau of Health Statistics in 1978. I would emphasize that the initial sues.. In fact, many of them consider me says that an average of 20 children aged 14 publication will focus on significant accruals an alarmist and believe that I am crying and younger were killed in farm accidents that have a major impact on the overall fi­ each year from 1968 to 1972, and about one­ nancial condition and operating results of wolf when I talk about the way produc­ third to one-half were in tractor accidents. the Federal government. The first set of tion costs are outstripping the prices [Another source, Donald Jensen, Univer­ stfl.tements are likely to be accompanied by farmers receive for their milk. "How in sity of Wisconsin Extension safety special­ extensive qualifications. As the reporting the world can any dairy farmer stay in ist, reports that in 1974 there were 21 farm process and statement preparation pro­ business," they ask, "if his production fatalities of people 21 and younger, and cedures are improved, however, these quali­ costs · are consistently higher than his about half were tractor accidents. Jensen did fications will diminish. income?" an accident analysis of some 3,000 farm fam­ Not only will the re·ader obtain a consoli­ The answer to that question lies in ilies in 21 counties in 1969 and found that dated financial view of the Federal govern­ 24% of the accidents were in the age group ment but an idea of the magnitude of all part in the way many farmers are forced 5 to 14.] liabilities, whether they be funded or un­ to exploit the labor of their wives and Mark shares the chores with .Cathy and funded and whether they be due for payment children. It is not uncommon for a farm­ Deborah, rotating the morning and evening in the near future or the distant future. In ·er's wife to put in longer, tougher hours .assignments and working with them on these consolidated statements, revenues wlll than most men in other walks of life, or l\Veekends. Deborah feeds the calves, Mark EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1693 and Cathy change o1f working in the pit be­ THE BECHTEL CASE appreciated. For the Department's emphasis tween the lines of cattle being milked. They has been to complain that Justice and Con­ wash and wipe the cows' udders and help gress were complicating the making of for­ their father determine when the animals eign policy. What the Department should be have been milked out. HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. doing, however, is telling the United States' "I do feel that the children have a greater OF NEW YORK Arab frieuds that a deepening longterm rela­ opportunity for responsibility out here," Si­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tionship is only possible on the basis of mu­ monson said. "Not just because of the jobs tual respect. That Arab league states con­ being avaliable, but because of the necessity Thursday, Janua1·y 29, 1976 duct their own trade boycott against Israel of t hem having to be doue. If we were to hire Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, the past sev­ is their business--regrettable to Americans fi.U the help our childreu give us, we couldu't eral months have brought revelation but something that the United States, which farm." has conducted its own politically motivated The Taylor farmer added: after revelation concerning the Arab boycotts, is in a poor position to protest. "We see young families that struggle to boycott of Israel. Incidents have come That Arab states should expect to enlist make a go of it on the farm. About the time to light which indicate U.S. participa­ Amelican firms to support the Arab boy­ the kids are old enough to give a lot of help, tion in the boycott, both in the private cott, is however, very different. The issue is that's wheu they get over the hump aud out and public sectors. There is no question that simple. of a fiuancial bind." but that this participation in discrimina­ The court proceeding is likely to be long While mauy farm families place top prior­ tory practices by U.S. companies is im­ and drawn out. This may provide the tiine ity on the farm work, the SimollSOns say they moral. and the extra pressure needed for the boy­ also see to it that their childreu have the op­ cott issue to be worked out on a political portunity to participate in extracurricular Now the Justice Department, in its re­ basis between the United States and the activities. cently filed suit against Bechtel Corp., various Arab governments. We hope so. The Cathy, an eighth grader, has a penchant has decided that this involvement in the suit, if so used by American diplomats, could for sneaking a book to bed with a flashlight, boycott is also illegal. Because of the im­ help Arab officials understand that they can­ her mother says. Cathy also plays the piano portance of this issue, I am including a not properly expect to entangle American and flute and is in the school jazz band. And copy of an excellent editorial by the businesses in their fight with Israel. And it she is an accompanist for the school chorus. Washington Post on the Bechtel case: could bring an end to a situation-Americarl PRIVILEGE-AND RESPONSmiLITY particip,ation in the boycott--which is a THE BOYCOTT ISSUE standing reproof to the values of the United "One thing I stress; with the privilege of A major battle of principle and policy has States. doing something special goee the responsi­ been joined by the Justice Department's bility to help at home, and that may mean civil suit charging the San Francisco-based a change in schedule," Mrs. Simonson said. Bechtel Corporation with supporting the "If Cathy is on for chores in the evening Arab boycott of Israel. Justice's contention is DISABILITY PAYMENTS this week (they change off every other week), that the huge heavy-construction firm, by and they have jazz band tomorrow night, refusing to deal with blacklisted subcon­ she may have to negotiate and be nice to tractors and by requiring subcontractors in HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO Mark so he will say 'Yes, Cathy.' general to refuse to deal with blacklisted OF ILLINOIS "They're having to learn to work with companies, is in violation of American anti­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other people.'' trust law. The State Department tried un­ The Simonsons know that it won't be long successfully to block the suit, privately but Thursday, Janum·y 29, 1976 before they will be turning their children urgently protesting that even its filing risked Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, today I want out into the world. alienating the diplomatic favor of, in parti­ to share with my colleagues part five of "We have to get our values across to them cular, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia is at once now," she said. the bulwark of the boycott and a country the Chicago Tribune series on the Vet­ That's why the family is trying to do more whose cooperation is considered vital to erans' Administration. This article, from t hings together. American diplomacy, not to speak of Ameri­ the January 22 paper, focuses on disabil­ For example, the family is sharing time can oil supplies. In the Treasury and Com­ ity payments: together looking over a new encyclopedia set merce Departments, moreover, and in the VETs• DISABILITY PAY A COMBAT ZONE recently purchased. business constituencies they represent, fear (By James Coates) The family is crowded into the old farm­ was and is rampant that the ,suit will cost house and the furnishings · are worn. The American companies billions of dollars worth Last year the American public paid more Simonsons acknowledge that money has been of potential business throughout the Arab than $3.7 billion in monthly payments of a problem. world. between $35 and $l,C28 to 2.2 milllon vet­ erans for disabilities they received during "WE WOULDN'T TAI~E IT" we find it undeniable, nonetheless, that Justice was right to go ahead and file the military service. "Most of us out here qualify for food Not surplisingly, the emotion-laden com­ stamps and free lunches at school, but we suit. Nothing in the antitrust law reserves its application to situations which don't make pensation program is continually embroiled wouldn't take it," Mrs. Simonson said. "We in controversy, as some badly wounded ·· ~t­ really have mixed feelings about qualifying foreign waves. In the Export Administration Act of 1969, moreover, it was declared to be erans claim they are not getting enough but not participating. We feel it is not setting money, some critics charge that many vet­ a good example for the children.'' "the policy of the United States to oppose re­ strictive trade practices fostered or imposed erans are overcompeusated, and others '- ....1- They explained that they have had dif· tend that aspects of the system are inequita­ ficulty recovering financially from the re­ by foreign countries against other countries friendly to the United States.'' Whether ble. building necessary after a barn fire. "President Kennedy [injured in World But, they added, milk prices have improved Bechtel Is in fact guilty of antitrust viola­ tions, we leave, of course, to the courts. But War II] still got compensation even whtm recently. it is noteworthy that Bechtel responded to he was in the White House," a local Veterans "There should definitely be a future on Administration official noted in explaining the farm for us," Simonson said. "We cer­ the suit not by denying the charges but by conteuding-evidently in reference to certain Congress' intent to pay compensation with­ tainly want to farm. It is in our heart to procedures of the Commerce Department-­ out consideration of a veteran's other sources stay.'' that "federal regulations and priuted forms of income or whether his disability affects In addition to her many duties, Ml·s. his work. Simonson has a business of her own-selling and statements . . . have expressly stated that compliance with (the boycott) is not A five-year, $1.3-million VA study pub­ women's underclothing. The family also cares lished in 1973 showed that the 30-year-old for a cemetery. illegal under American law." The corporation added that its Arab business is conducted "ill manual used for evaluating disabilities is The cemetery money goes into a vacation areas and in ways compatible with U.S. for• outdated and fails to account for many med­ fnnd. Last summer, the family tt·aveled to eign policy goals." ical advances. The result, the study says, is Wisconsin Dells, Milwaukee's Zoo and then that many veterans-particularly those who up to Kewaunee and Sturgeon Bay for some We sense here the development, within the are getting paid for minor disabilities not fishing and cherry picking. U.S. government and within the larger politi­ related to combat - are getting paid too They brought back 61 pounds of cherries cal community, of another of those difficult much. issues that have made the conduct of Amer­ and 150 pounds of fish. ican public life so bitter in recent years. The Another study, by the Paralyzed Veterans Mrs. Simonson told the congressional dairy of America, shows that a special "aid and difference in this case lies in the that hearing in West Salem that the fringe bene­ fact attendance" allowance of an additional $469 fi ts of farming were having responsible chil· the challenge to the administration's eco­ a month for seve1·ely crippled veterans falls dren and a famlly working and living to­ nomic habit and foreign policy comes from far short of the average $1,649 such disabili­ gether close to nature. its own Justice Department, supported, to be ties require for special care. "Our families do not want welfare, but to sure, by a probable majority in Congress. Beyond these thorny questions of public stay on the land and have a future there," This puts a special burden on the State policy, which are debated almos'; annually she said. Department-a. burden so far illRdequately in Congress. lie.s a thicket of bureaucratic 1694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 regulations and complex medical considera· Security and welfare, the applicant's last re· who ever served his country should never tions that often stands between the veteran sort is a court. have to resort to "welfare." and his compensation. It is nearly impossible for the veteran to But Government policy planners are wor­ "Talking to the VA is like talking to a hire a lawYer to represent him before the ried about the threat to the budget that pen­ wall," complains Allan Spector, 58, who has VA's administrative hearings because another sions may pose in the near Future, as the been trying for several years to get increased law limits a lawyer's fee for a VA case to $10. bulk of World War II veterans approach 65. compensation for a back injury he sustained Social Security allows an applicant to pay Colorado's Prof. March, a former senior in World War II. up to 25 per cent of the award to the lawyer staffer with the federal Office of Management Spector has become enmeshed in the dlf· who helped him get it. and Budget, calculates that at current infla­ ficult rating process for disa~ilities, in which The VA counters that lawYers aren't neces· tion rates, with no changes in the law, the every veteran who claims to have become in· sary because the major veterans organiza­ pension program would in just 15 years sur­ jured or diseased during service is assigned tions provide representation [though usually pass today's entire $16-billion VA budget, and a percentage of disability from 0 to 100, in 10 not lawyers] free of charge. Calvin Young of would top $26 blllion by the year 2000. per cent increments. Winfield has such a representative and he Even Sen. Vance Hartke [D., Ind.] a firm The disability ratings are made according complains, "The VFW (Veterans of Foreign believer in the principle of VA pensions, fears to a detailed rating schedule, which lists Wars) hardly knows anything about my case. that without changes skyrocketing pension most maladies known to man, from fiat feet They seem to have a lackadaisical attitude." costs could "result in federal expenditures (0 to 50 percent, depending on the severity), Another problem is that the head of the which would become increasingly illogical to amputation of the leg at the thigh (60 to VA is required periodically to revise and up­ and difficult to defend." 90 per cent), to epilepsy (10 to 100 per cent). date the disabllity rating schedule. But few Hartke has introduced legislation to re­ The manual also rates such things as administrators have dared tamper with it. vamp and simplify the pension system, in ulcers, heart problems, hemorrhoids, and So, the VA now uses the same schedule it part to iron out irregularities that have crept asthma. All such dlsa.blllties must be shown used in 1945, which falls to account for the in as Congress has made piecemeal changes to have first occurred during service. The law great changes in medicine and rehabilitation over the years. He estimates the reform pack­ and the VA make no distinction between that have occurred since then. age would cost an extra $1 billion annually combat and non-combat disabllities. A 1973 attempt to issue a new disablllty at the outset, but that over the long term it Spector applied for his rating increase to schedule was beaten back by the powerful will make it easier to defend pensions one of the three-man rating boards in the veterans organizations in a firestorm of pro­ "against the attacks of those who would Chicago regional office. The boards make test. They argued that its proposed reduc­ abolish veterans pensions altogether." their decisions on the basis of a veteran's tions in ratings would have created VietNam Some critics would rather see VA pensions tnllitary records, his own doctor's reports, veterans. combined with Social Security and Supple­ and usually an examination by VA doctors. The proposed 1973 schedule also would mental Security into a single, coherent sys­ Although spector says the injury often have increased some ratings, particularly for tem that would eliminate needless adminis­ confines him to a wheelchair, the board re­ several chronically underrated psychological trative duplication and assure fair treatment fused to increase his rating above the mini­ disabilities. VA Administrator Richard for all. mum 10 per cent. "I can't understand it," Roudebush has pushed through one set of But so strident is the opposition by vet­ Spector said. "My neighbors feel sorry for me; changes along these lines, and says another erans groups to anything that smacks of wel­ they know I used to be able to walk good. set is in the work. His changes recognize fare, a study by the 20th Century Fund notes How can the VA say I'm only 10 per cent such medical advances as heart pacemakers wryly, that the polltical problems could per­ disabled?" and artificial hip joints. haps be solved "only by making every needy The 10 _per cent rating entitles Spector to When those are implemented later this individual an honorary 'veteran.'" $35 monthly as set by Congress. The monthly year, "then I think we'll have a modern rat· payments increase to $655 for 100 per cent ing schedule that wlll be responsive to the disabilities, plus additional awards for am­ needs of veterans," he said. putation and blindness, which could push None of Roudebush's changes involves de­ the total monthly benefit to $1,628. creases in ratings and, not surprisingly, they THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE Spector said the VA never told him that its have gotten "excellent reception from both FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES OF doctors don't think his back injury is as Congress and the veterans organizations." MARY severe as he claims, the explanation found in VA records. They agree he is sick, but they believe most of his problems are not VA PENSIONS "REDUNDANT" HON. LESTER L. WOLFF "service connected." (By James Coates) Other veterans also complained to The OF NEW YORK Even the Veterans Administration's critics IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tribune that the biggest problem with the agree that there is a need for paying dis· compensation program is fighting the red ab111ty compensation to veterans injured in Thursday, January 29, 1976 tape and onslaught of form letters. service. "I worked 10 hours to put together all the Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, St. Francis' documents for my case, and all they gave But paying vete1·ans pensions is another Hospital is well known to the residents me was a two-line answer," fumed Leonard matter. "The doubling of Social Security benefit of the Sixth Congressional District, in­ Wislow, who was denied compensation for a cluding my small grandson who has gone wrist injury he says he suffered at reserve levels from 1965 to 1974 and the enactment training camp. of Supplemental Security payments recently there with the usual cuts and bruises and An examination by The Tribune of several has made VA pensions virtually redundant," received outstanding care. I have long veterans' files confirmed that the VA form said Michael March, a professor of public been impressed by not only the fine facil­ letter-often sent after months of waiting affairs at the University of Colorado, Boulder. ities, but by the compassionate treatment for a decision-is disappointingly brief. The The pension program currently provides offered by the sisters who operate the VA counters that a more complete explana­ monthly payments of up to $173 for a single hospital. I would like to join the many tion is available upon request. veteran who served during a war period and whose income is $3,300 or less, and up to $186 other friends of this excellent hospital, in Chicago Regional VA Director Claude Gil­ congratulating the sisters of the Fran­ liam said, "It is not a case of our being un­ for a couple earning less than $4,500. Pen­ willing to give the veteran more information. sions are strictly limited by a Veteran's in­ ciscan Missionaries of Mary on 100 years But we don't have the luxury [of time and come. of loving service provided the world over. money] available in every case." The 2.2 million veterans and survivors who The beginning of the 100th anniver­ Figures from the Board of Veterans Ap­ qualify for pensions by being either over 65 sary year of the sisters of the Franciscan peals in Washington, which handles claims or totally and permanently disabled, got Missionaries of Mary was celebrated by from disgruntled veterans in all the VA's about $2.7 billion last year. the Board of Directors of St. Francis myriad programs, attest to the complexity of Most pensioners are old and poOl' [although Hospital on Sunday, January 18, with a compensation. Three-fourths of the caseload t hey include about 8,000 Viet Nam veterans concerns the disability compensation pro­ who suffered accidents after they left the solemn concelebrated mass at St. Mary's gram alone. service] . But since the 1930s, other federal Church, Manhasset, and a reception at Despite the complexit y of compensation programs have arisen to help such people, the hospital's St. Clare's Pavilion. cases, the VA is insulated from challenge by veterans or not. Some critics say it is time to The board, besides honoring the sis­ outsiders, The Tribune found, and veterans phase out VA pensions. ters on their Centennial Year, is taking are denied rights given applicants for nearly "I'm not so sure that a guy who spent 90 the opportunity to thank the sisters for all other government programs. days picking up cigaret butts for the Army inore than 55 years of service and love One unique law says decisions by t he VA during the war is entitled to special treat­ for Long Islanders through their work at are "final and conclusive and no other om­ ment," said Olney Owen, a former chief bene· cial or any court" can review them. In other fits director of the VA who is a strong ad· St. Francis in Roslyn. The sisters were words, the veteran may not sue the VA if vocate of most of its programs for veterans. presented with a specially designed .flag he thinks he's being cheated. In nearly au Veterans groups have staunchly defended to be :flown at the hospital during the other federal programs, including Social the program, arguing ln part that anyone Centennial Year. January 2·9, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1695 The Institute of the Franciscan Mis­ substantial that busing is leading away from ernmental intrusion in matters involving sionaries of Mary was founded in India integration and not toward it; that it has not racial and social injustice. significantly improved the quality of educa­ What is needed is a White House Con­ on January 6, 1877, by a Breton, Helen tion accessible to blacks; that it has lowered ference for the purpose of making an ob­ de Chappotin, who took the name Mother the standard of education available to jective analysis of the busing experience and Mary of Passion. The order has now whites; that it has resulted in the exodus of for proposing alternatives. grown to an international congregation white students to private schools inside the It is t<' be hoped that the persons invited of l'eligious women in some 66 nations, city or to public schools in the compara­ to such a conference would come from many where the sisters are involved in educa­ tively affluent suburbs beyond the economic professions and occupations, and not from tion, social work, health care, and pas­ means of blacks; and, finally, that it has not education alone. toral ministries. contributed to racial harmony but has pro­ There is no disgrace in having failed in an duced deep fissures within American society. important social enterprise. The only dis­ The sisters' apostolate at St. Francis Busing hasn't desegregated the schools. It grace is in persisting with failure in order Hospital began in 1920 as a camp for un­ has resegregated them. Racial concentration, to hold to commitments without regard to derprivileged children on land donated the core of the problem, continues. Some 30 the need for keeping an open mind. A by a Quaker, Carlos Munson. St. Francis percent of white fam1lies have moved to the country dedicated to human rights shou ld later developed into a convalescent hos­ suburbs, leaving many large northern cities not have to confess intellectual and moral pital for children with rheumatic heart with predominantly black schools. For ex­ bankruptcy in attempting to provide an ade­ disease, then into a world renowned cen­ ample, in Washington, D.C., 96 percent of quate education for all its citizens. the students are black; in Newark, N.J., 72 ter for heart surgery on children, and percent; in Detroit, 70 percent; in Philadel­ now into a cardiac specialty hospital phia, 61 percent; in Chicago, 58 percent; in with general care beds, serving adults as Cleveland, 57 percent. Does this mean that well as children. we must now borrow white students from STARLING AND BLACKBIRD The mass and reception on January the suburbs and bus them back to the inner CONTROL 18 was the first in a series of events city? planned for the coming year to highlight The document that is generally regarded as having provided the impetus for school HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT the work of the sisters, both at St. Fran­ OF CALIFORNIA cis and around the world. Three major busing is the 1966 report titled "Equality symposiums with outstanding guest of Educa";ional Opportunity." It was written IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by James S. Coleman, professor of sociology, Thursday, January 29, 1976 speakers are currently being planned for University of Chicago, under the sponsorship 1976 to highlight the role of the religious of the U.S. Office of Education. Coleman's Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, I would in the health care apostolate. research showed that deprived students did like to inform my colleagues of a letter My sincere thanks and congratula­ better when their schoolmates came from which was sent to the President by me tions are added to those of the many peo­ backgrounds strong in educational motiva­ and the ranking minority member of my ple who have been helped by the Fran­ tion. The general interpretation placed on the Coleman Report was that the practice Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife ciscan Missionaries of Mary in their cen­ of segregation had resulted in inferior edu­ Conservation and the Environment, the tury long history of aid to humanity. cation for blacks. The conclusion at the Honorable EDWIN B. FORSYTHE, on time was that putting blacks into white Wednesday, January 28, regarding H.R. classes offered the best chance of meeting 11510, a bill to provide for starling and that problem. blackbird control in Kentucky and Ten­ NORMAN COUSINS CALLS FORCED Professor Coleman has recently completed nessee, which passed both Houses of a second report. He now presents his somber Congress on Tuesday, January 27. BUSING A FAILURE conclusion that bush1b has had the effect of replacing old patterns of segregation with As set forth in this letter, the Sub­ new ones. "Ironically," he writes, " 'desegre­ committee on Fisheries and Wildlife Con­ HON. GENE SNYDER gation' may be increasing segregation." He servation and the Environment will hold reaffirms the need for ensuring equal protec­ a hearing on this subject on Monday, OF KENTUCKY tion under the Fourteenth Amendment, but February 2, 1976, at 10 a.m., in room 1334 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he believes it is h·responsible to ignore or of the Longworth House Office Building. Thursday, January 29, 1976 stand aside from the effects of measures Anyone wishing to present testimony taken lfor that purpose. "The achievement Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, Saturday should notify the subcommittee office at benefits of integrated schools appeared sub­ 225-7307. Review for January 24 carries a fine edi­ stantial when I studied them in the middle torial by Editor Norman Cousins entitled, 1960s," he says, "but subsequent studies of The text of the letter to the President "Busing Reconsidered." Every Member achievement in actual systems that have follows: of this body could read it with profit. desegregated, some with a more rigorous JANUARY 28, 1976. methodology than we were able to use in Hon. GERALD R. FORD, Mr. Cousins, long a leading liberal 1966, have found smaller effects, and in some President of the United States, spokesman, states flatly- cases none at all." Washington, D.C. Busing hasn't desegregated the schools. It A major error in the original decision was DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: H.R. 11510, a bill t o has resegregated them. to underestimate the extent to which family provide for emergency starling and black­ background is a controlling factor in educa­ bird control in Kentucky and Tennessee. Advocating a White House conference tion. Parents who are poorly educated them­ passed both Houses of Congress yesterday to search out alternatives, Mr. Cousins selves and who have to contend with pro­ and has been sent to you for signature. concludes his editorial with a sensible longed joblessness, overcrowding, and mal­ Because the bill was presented as an emer­ comment that Congress should heed: nutrition cannot reasonably be expected to gency measure, it passed the House by unan­ There is no disgrace in having failed in an create a home atmosphere supportive of a imous consent request without the approval important social enterprise. The only dis­ learning experience for their children. of the Chairman of the Full Committee and grace is in persisting with failure in order What is happening is that we are bypassing without consideration by our Subcommittee to hold the commitments without regard to the fundamentals in the search for an an­ on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the need for keeping an open mind. the Environment as well as the Full Mer­ swer. It is the condition of the black in chant Marine and Fisheries Committee The full text of the editorial follows: America that continues to be the central, which has jurisdiction over the matters in­ overriding, and saturating issue. Everything volved. Likewise, the other Body acted on BUSING RECONSIDERED involved in lifting a people out of their low the legislation unanimously, by voice vote, Busing was honestly conceived as a way estate in society-housing, health, eco­ without hearings. Due to the nature of the of coping with the fact that schools in pre­ nomic opportunity, nutrition, access to legislation, part icularly the provision which dominantly black neighborhoods were segre­ justice under the law-fits into this total exempts actions taken thereunder from the gated as the result of local geography. The challenge. requirements of the National Environmental effect of this circumstantial segregation, it The first thing that has to be done is to Policy Act, many interested citizens and or­ was believed at the time, was to Iowe1· stand­ de-politicalize the issue. By this time, bus­ ganizations with specific knowledge of the ards of education for blacks. ing has become a battleground for liberals matters involved have requested an oppor­ But busing hasn't worked. After almost a and conservatives. There appears to be a tunity to present relevant testimony regard­ decade, it seems clear that the principal mis­ feeling among many liberals that to oppose ing the situation with which H.R. 11510 is take was to assume that we could create a busing is to renounce an essential commit­ designed to deal. more socially responsible society by putting ment to a better life for blacks. Many con­ In view of our Subcommittee's oversight the problem on wheels and expecting it to servatives feel that the busing program is responsibilities and the continuing nature of an·ive at a daily solution, The evidence 1s proof positive of the hazards of severe gov- the st arling and blacl{bird problem which 1696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Janua1·y .29, 197G may require a more permanent solution, we quietly walked into the room, unannounced. fastidiously dress in his World War I uni­ have scheduled a hearing for 10:00 a.m. on Lean, tall, stooped a little with his age, he form and lead local parade units through Monday, February 2, to listen to all available walked down the center aisle, looking for a Thomaston, at the Fourth of July celebra­ evidence on the matters involved. spare seat amidst the crowd of 2,500 citizens. tion, in Rockland, during the Maine Seafoods We are sure that you will want to have As he strode, and Ralph always strode, he was Festival parade, and, as often as possible, in the benefit of this information as well. Ac­ recognized. Like a wave rolling to the beach, his home town of St. George for the tradi­ cordingly, an analysis of the testimony pre­ to crash with dramatic violence on the sands, tional American celebrations. sented at the hearing will be prepared and a rolling wave of men, coming to their feet, It was not just the local folks, or those provided to you before the end of next paced Ralph's progress up that center aisle. area visitors who witnessed his touching, week, which information should assist you The photographers and TV men swung prideful stride ahead of all of the parade in evaluating the merits of the legislation. lenses away from the politicians and their units . . . his deep set eyes and weathered With best wishes, satraps. Ralph hit the front line of chairs features have been seen throughout the Sincerely, and an Armory full of men, all on their country, as the subject of one of artist An­ EDWIN B. FORSYTHE, feet, applauded with a rising crescendo of drew Wyeth's most noted portraits, "The Chairman, Subcommittee on Fisheries approval for The Patriot. Patriot." His dutiful appearances in the local and Wildlife Conservation and the En­ Later in the session, while giving his testi­ parades have been covered by state and na­ vironment. mony to the Legislative Commission, he was tional television, his character and features RoBERT L. LEGGETT, asked why he appeared. have been captured in numerous journals, Ranking Minority Mem ber. He answered, "Gentlemen, there is an old from local newspapers to the pages of Life enlisted man's credo to the effect that if you Magazine. don't exercise your rights, you lose your To many, there was within this seemingly rights. I'm an enlisted man (Cline was a immortal statue of a soldier, a venerable heavy machine gun section sergeant in World tribute to the Maine Yankee image. There, THE PASSING OF RALPH CLINE, War One) and I'm sure as hell exercising my to those who knew him well or just in pass­ "THE PATRIOT" rights." ing, was an image of a man who worked his Or that time when down at Cline's mill in own land, founded and attended every day to the Spruce Head section of the Town of St. his own lumber mill business, and took an HON. DAVID F. EMERY George, when a scribe dropped in, searching active interest in the affairs of his neighbors and his home town. OF MAINE for a feature story. As the journalist swung his Great White You only had to meet Ralph Cline once to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Beast into the mill yard, Cline was observed have the picture of a proud veteran etched Thursday, January 29, 1976 to be dusting his cover-alls clean of saw­ in your mind. He was more than a symbol of dust and re-arranging the shoulder straps. some such all-inclusive term as "patriotism," Mr. EMERY. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ "What happened, Ralph?" he was a vestige to those who served in World day, January 26, Ralph Cline, a man who "Well," said the 75 year old Patriot, "I was War I and the conflicts of later eras. epitomized the spirit and tenacity of a about to run that big oak log through the As word of Ralph Cline's death circulated true American, passed away. His face has saw when I slipped and it slipped and I among local journalists.. many who had been immortalized by the noted Ameri­ wound up under the log, with the machinery talked to or photographed the lifelong Spruce can artist, Andrew Wyeth, in a portrait going and the carriage sort of slipping toward Head resident on at least one occasion, the entitled "The Patriot." The real Ralph that spinning saw." pensive looks and recollections of these first "How much does that oak log weigh?" meetings seemed to reflect just how deep a Cline, however, will be immortalized by "As a guess, 700 or 800 pounds." loss the area must endure. the lasting effect his character and in­ "How'd you get out?" And to those who lived and talked with domitable spirit has had on all who have "Amazing what a man can do when he Cline as a friend and neighbor, perhaps known him. It is truly sad to note the has to." shared a joke with him about the weather passing of a man who many of us as­ over the counter at Farmer's store, and who It was a fiat, matter-of-fact statement, knew his personal manner and character to sumed would continue like the eagle to quite typical of the man. He was not shaking, be what it was, the loss goes deeper. serve as a living symbol of the pride we as lesser men might have been in such a Ralph E. Cline, Sr., 80, husband of Miriam all have in our Nation. perilous situation. Instead, Ralph asked the Crockett Cline, died Monday at Togus VA As one who knew him, I feel compelled scribe, who was something of a gun nut, if Hospital. to share two articles which appeared on he happened to have a certain piece with him A native of Rockland, he was born on in the Beast. He did and it was a .45-70, Trap­ March 19, 1894, the son of Melvin and Ella January 27 in the Courier Gazette of door Springfield, a single short mmtary Rockland, Maine. These articles do much Rackliff Cline. weapon of the late 19th Century, firing a For many years, he operated the Ralph E. to accurately describe the spirit and dig­ 450 grain slug, the only weapon ever de­ Cline and Son Sawmill in Spruce Head. He nity of a man known simply as "The signed to shoot a horse at 1,000 yards. All was a 70 year member of the First Baptist Patriot." of which minutiae is so dear to the hearts Church of St. George. He was a charter and The articles follow: of gun nuts, and Ralph was one of those, life member of Rockland Memorial Post too. A MAN OF STRONG CHARACTER VFW; a charter and life member of Kinney­ "Got any shells for the old beauty." The (By Pat Mitchell) Melquist Post, American Legion, St. George; scribe did. an honorary member of Boy Scout Troop They are blowing Taps now for Ralph "Well, then," said Cline, as he loaded a 246, St. George; a member of Eureka Lodge Cline, signaling the end of the man, the round, "you see that there knot in the far of Masons, Tenants Harbor and Naomi Chap­ passing of his era. spruce tree?" He pointed to a tree about 60 ter, OES. Withal, The Patriot wlll be remembered. yards distant. During World War I, he formed a unit of Like that time in the Augusta State Then he fired, off-hand, and splintered State Guard Reserve, known as Cline's Hell­ Armory, when the bureaucrats and politi­ the knot. Not bad for old eyes, a ten pound cats, and patrolled the shores of Spruce cians decided that some sort of a public hear­ rifle held off-hand, less than a minute after Head. ing was appropriate to the passage of a what to many, if not most, men would have He was well known as a marcher in Fourth stiff gun control bill. been an unnerving experience. of July parades, marching in each of Thomas­ That meeting was originally scheduled for So, they are blowing taps for Ralph Cline. ton's since 1923. In 1968, he served as mar­ a small room in the new State Office Build­ But, the echoes of that final bugle all roll on shal for the 22nd annual Maine Seafoods ing. But, the hue and cry was such as to in· yet awhile. Festival Parade in Rockland. fluence the government types that a larger Besides his widow of Spruce Head, Mr. room was needed to handle the expected hun­ RALPH CLINE, "THE PATRIOT/' DIES Cline is survived by one son, Ralph E., Jr., dred or so citizens who would attend. Then, Spruce Head; two daughters, Mrs. Olive El­ as the clamor against such legislation grew, (By John Hammer) liott of Standish and Mrs. Miriam Linscott the bureaucrats finally decided on the His stiff, stern march, his curt and erect of Thomaston: two sisters, Mrs. Viola Olsen, Armory as a hearing room, a decision much salute, and his compassionate Yankee-fea­ Gig Harbor, Wash. and Mrs. Mildred Elwell heeded by the high-profile politicians who tured face will be seen no more, yet they will of Unity; 9 grandchildren; and several nieces calculated that with a big crowd coming, continue to be immortalized in the museums, and nephews. their appearance was mandatory. galleries, and in the memories of those who Funeral services will be Thursday, 2 p.m., Ralph and this scribe showed up just a kne.. -r him. at the Wiley's Corner First Baptist Church few minutes before the session formally be­ The Patriot, Ralph E. Cline of Spruce of St. George, the Rev. Lewis Gesner, Jr. gan. The stage, the speaker's podium, the Head, is dead. officiating, and with mllitary honors by Kin­ politicians were flood lit from front, top and His passing Monday morning seems to ney-Melquist Post, A.L. Interment will be sides. The press photographers and the TV strike many as a shock, as if the regimental, at the Forest Hill C"emetery, Spruce Head. camera men were at work. The politicos symbolic figure of such a man could never Friends may call at the Burpee Funeral basked in their spotlit glory ... until Ralph leave them. For year after year, Ralph would Home, 7 to 9 p.m. Wednesday. January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1697 CONGRESSIONAL ACTION NEEDED It was the view from Zabriskie Point, more ecutive position with U.S. Potash Co., later ON STRIP MINING IN OUR NA­ than one hundred years ago, that had merged with Pacific Coast Borax to become moved pioneer William Manly to write that u.s. Borax. TIONAL PARKS he had "Just seen all of God's creation" from But for an the romance of the mines and one place. Every year now, hundreds of thou­ the mule te~ one fact is perfectly clear: sands of visitors see what Manly saw, just the grizzled pick-and-shovel prospector of HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. the way he saw it. With a slight turn to the old is a far cry from the massive earth­ OF CALIFORNIA south, visitors can gaze in reverence while destroying strip mine operations going on the slanting rays of early morning and late today inside Death Valley National Monu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES afternoon sun create an awesome display of ment. It. ls highly unlikely that anyone in Thursday, January 29, 1976 color and shadow on the convoluted land­ Congress or the Administration in 1933 could scape of Gower Gulch. The decisive show­ have foreseen the present consequences of Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. down between park partisans and strip min­ the legal loophole that they had hoped to Speaker, it has been several months since ers would come here. leave open for the "colorful miner." the Congress was alerted to the fact that Jn the past, lands have been placed off­ All of the ballyhooed search for lost El there has been an upsurge of strip limits to mining in the monument in order Dorados and easy wealth netted only about mining in, of all places, our national to build campgrounds, develop water supply, $2 mlllion between the 1880s and 1940. Dur­ parks. The public outcry was obviously or preserve historic or archeological sites. ing World Wa.r n talc mines were opened in against such actions, and the two con­ This time the Park Service asked for depart­ the monument to meet special military de­ mental authority to withdraw areas near mands. The mines were underground and gressional interior committees demon­ Zabriskie Point and Gower Gulch from min­ made little impact on the surface. Still, no strated their own concern by the speed eral entry in order to preserve their scenic more than $1.5 million worth of minerals in which they held hearings. Prior to the and recreational value. The NPS director was taken out in any one year between 1940 December recess it appeared that correc­ argued that roadbuilding and drilling asso­ and 1970. Then in 1971 strip mining began tive legislation, legislation that would ciated with mining claims would jeopardize for both borates and talc. The Park Service prevent strip mining in our national a Park Service proposal pending in Congress estimates that $12 million in those two parks, would be passed. I still think this to designate a Death Valley wilderness area. minerals were stripped out of the monument will happen, but as long as the law re-· The reply from the head office sent shock in 1975, and Tenneco has told stockholders mains unchanged, strip mining will con­ waves through the environmental movement. that it wm increase its Death Valley opera­ Michele B. Metrinko, associate solicitor for tions by 50 percent over the next four years. tinue in our national parks. I would urge the Interior Department, said the govern­ Borates are used principally in making the House and Senate Interior Commit­ ment's authority in Death Valley "does not glass, especially structural glass and insula­ tees to take swift action on the legisla­ include withdrawal of monument lands for tion fiberglass. There are many lesser uses for tion now before them, before more of the purpose of scenic preservation." Such a. borates in detergents, vitreous enamels, OUl' common national heritage is dese­ withdrawal, she added, would be in "direct pharmaceuticals, and herbicides. Talc from crated. contravention of an express congressional in­ Death Valley is used in paints and ceramics. One of the leaders in the effort to stop tent." Although talc is a common mineral, the only the current upsurge of strip mining is Indeed, Congress did s-pecifically open sizable reserves of borate found so far in Death Valley to mining on June 13, 1933, the United States are in southern California Senator ALAN CRANSTON, WhO is Well four months after the area became a na­ and Nevada. But borate deposits at Boron known for his concern for our natural tional monument during the last days of and Searles Lake in California ma.ke Death resources. Senator CRANSTON recently the Hoover administration. In its rationale, Valley borate deposits small by comparison. wrote an article which appeared in the Congress then said, "it would be unfortu­ About 75 percent of the annual U.S. borate January issue of the Environmental nate if the prospector who had been respon­ production is done at the U.S. Borax mine at Journal, which is a publication of the sible for building up the romance and mys­ Boron, about 110 miles southwest of the National Parks and Conservation Asso­ tery of Death Valley were not allowed to pros­ national monument. The reserves there a.re ciation, which describes what the strip pect and operate in the future as he has in variously estimated at between forty and two the past." Harold Ickes, who had just been hundred years at current production levels. mining is doing to just one National named Secretary of the Interior in Frank­ Because of that comfortable supply, for more Monument, Death Valley. lin Roosevelt's first administration [quoting than fifty years U.S. Borax has not mined on The article follows: a statement by National Park Service di· its lands in Death Valley. The company holds THE BATTLE FOR DEATH VALLEY-DEATH rector Horace M. Albright] assured Congress extensive mining claims there, .nowever, es­ VALLEY NATIONAL MONUMENT MUST BE that "in recommending the establishment pecially in the fifteen-mile borate-rich zone PROTECTED FROM MINING of this area as a national monument ..• that includes the most popular scenic areas. (By Alan Cranston) it was not the desire to prevent prospect­ Company officials a.re fighting hard to hang ing and mining within the area, as such ac­ on to those claims as a potential source of It was early morning in Death Valley, tivities would in no way interfere with the borates "if and when we need them," accord­ barely sunup, and already the fierce desert preservation of the characteristics of the ing to one corporation spokesman. heat had pushed the temperature over one area." Tenneco is the only company currently hundred degrees. Khaki-clad mining engi­ It is true that prospecting for gold, silver, mining borate in Death Valley. Its Boraxo neers parked their trucks at Zabriskie Point and later borax-"the white gold of the Pit, located about eight miles southeast of scenic overlook beside California Highway desert"-is permanently linked in fact Zabriskie Point, gives some perspective to the 190 and began unloading wooden claim and popular fancy with the lore of scale of open-pit mining. The pit was begun stakes. The men were employees of Tenneco, Death Valley. Actually, the twenty-mule in 1971. Today it is 3,000 feet long and 1,000 -a. Texas-based conglomerate. Before their teams hauled borax. over the grueling feet wide at the widest point. It has been dug work was done that morning, events were 250-mile trek to Mojave, California, for to a depth of 240 feet and will go down set in motion that would culminate in a only six years from 1883 to 1889. But another 180 feet before the depth makes min­ national debate over the uses and abuses of it is an enduring Old West image, made Ing unfeasible, later this year. Waste dumps our national parks. more so in later years by the radio and tele­ from the Boraxo pit are 150 feet high and The National Park Service, which super­ vision program "Death Valley Days," which clearly visible from the heavily traveled road vises Death Valley National Monument, was sponsored by U.S. Borax. C. B. Zabriskie to Dante's View overlook. The "life span" of denied a Tenneco request to drive a jeep was a president of that company. Harry P. such a pit is about five years. Once ex­ to the claim sites. So the men had to walk, Gower was its mine superintendent in Death hausted, it is abandoned and a new pit is carrying the orange-tipped claim stakes on Valley for fifty years. begun. Tenneco has already started on the their backs. They picked their way down More ironic still, the fi1·st director of the Sigma Pit in the same general vicinity. The the steep, yellow shale slopes to the public 180,000 tons of borate taken out of Death hiking trail that winds through Gower National Park Service, Stephen Mather, was a wealthy westerner whose family fortune Valley each year amounts to less than 10 Gulch. After about one mile in the mounting percent of total domestic production of that desert heat, the Tenneco men began posting was made by mining borax in Death Valley before he entered government service. A for­ mineral. the stakes at fifty-foot intervals, eventually In the early 1970s talc producers also laying claim to forty-four new borate mining mer advertising executive for Pacific Coast Borax Company. Stephen Mather coined the found surface mining quicker and more eco­ sites in direct line-of-sight with Zabriskie nomical in the short run than the old under­ Point. trademark "2(1 Mule Team Borax" that its ground methods. Seven open-pit talc mines The Park Service was horrified. The rangers successor company uses to this day. The sec­ are now operated in the southern end of had watched with growing alarm over the last ond director of the NPS was Horace Albright, the monument by Johns-Manvme Corp., five years as open-ptt mining for borates and whose term covered the period when Death Pfizer Inc., and Cypress Industrial Minerals talc had destroyed hundreds of acres of the • Valley became a national monument and was Company. Talc mining ts particularly de­ national monument. The Tenneco claims in subsequently reopened to mining. Albright structive to the· visual integrity of the valley Gower Gulch were the last straw. later left government service to take an ex- because of the stark whiteness of the waste CXXIT--108--Part 2 1698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 19'76 dumps and stockpiles, which stand out vivid­ ent. But the area can be staked again­ vided inspiration and guidance by both ly against the darker rock background. and legally-tomorrow, or whenever the pub· word and deed, and he and his wife, Competition for Death Valley minerals is lic is no longer aroused. That message was often cutthroat. Environmentalists weren't made clear by the Interior solicitor's opinion. Marg-aret, have enriched and enlivened the only ones taken aback when Tenneco That is why I believe a change in the law our community. I know the members will staked its forty-four controversial claims in is essential if this unique resource is going join me in extending their best wishes Gower Gulch. U.S. Borax was also surprised, to be protected for the future. on this occasion to him and his congre­ because that company had owned the land I originally considered a special Death gation and Mazol Tov. for several generations. Tenneco maintains Valley bill, but instead joined other Sena­ that there is a flaw in U.S. Borax's title to tors on a bill (S. 2371) to forbid mining the property and that the borates under the in Death Valley and five other units of the surface are still up for grabs. One Tenneco National Park System. The bill, which was DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA'S FISCAL spokesman even suggested that his company introduced by Senator Lee Metcalf of Mon­ FUTURE had staked claims on top of U.S. Borax land tana, would take two important steps with in Gower Gulch in order to clarify ownership regard to Death Valley. First it would re­ and protect the scenery from exploitation by peal the 1933 law that opens the national HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY monument to mining. That action would ef­ an unidentified third party. OF CONNECTICUT The fever pitch of strip mining and claim fectively end the issuance of any new claims staking goes on in the national monument. and would strengthen the authority of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES About two hundred new mining claims­ government to withdraw specific lands with­ Thursday, January 29, 1976 ranging from 20 to 160 acres each-are filed in the monument in order to protect their each year in Death Valley. Active interest scenic values. Secondly-and I think this Mr. McKINNEY. Mr. Speaker, a.s you is maintained in 1,827 claims covering more is most important-the Metcalf bill places know, I have introduced legislation than 36,000 acres, according to the Park Serv­ an immediate three-year moratorium on which would establish a nonresident in­ ice. The cumulative effect on the fragile existing claims. During that three years the come tax in the District of Columbia. I desert ecosystem is probably equivalent to government would study whether it should realize full well that this is not a very the scarring done by the giant corporate open acquire the land outright in the public in­ popular subject and I do not expect this pits, inasmuch as each claim must be worked terest. every year to remain valid. Interior committee hearings were held on action to make me a hero in any quarter, Death Valley is indeed fragile, though it iS S 2371 on October 7, 1975. The testimony of certainly not in Virginia and Mary­ hard to think of fragility in an area so vast several witnesses pointed out the basic con­ land-for obvious reasons-and not in and seemingly impenetrable. It is the hottest, tradiction posed by mining inside a national official Washington for it falls far short driest, lowest place in the Western Hemi­ monument. Congress made its intent clear of that which has been proposed at City sphere. For thousands of years the forbidding enough in 1916 when it passed the legisla­ Hall. My decision to move ahead on this landscape has stayed the hand of man. Mas­ tion creating the National Park System, de­ claring: "The fundamental purpose of the issue is based on what I believe to be a sive faulting in prehistoric times thrust the realistic assessment of future fiscal Panamints and Amargosa mountain ranges said parks and monuments ... is to con­ skyward, letting the land between fall away serve the scenery and natural and historic sanity. to a hole in the earth. A ninety-mile-long objects and the wildlife therein and to pro­ There is no governmental entity-be lake dried up after the most recent Ice Age, vide for the enjoyment of the same in such it State, local, or Federal-which has not leaving the marks of the descending water a manner and by such means as will leave experienced an increase in expenditures levels 20,000 years old still visible on Shore­ them unimpaired for the enjoyment of fu­ in recent years. Further, there is no Hue Buttes. The tortured landscape left be­ ture generations." economist willing to speculate that that hind inspired pioneers to create a whole lexi­ Congress must make it clear now and for the future that the federal government does spiral will decrease in the foreseeable con of despair: Coffin Canyon, Funeral Moun­ future. During this time, most cities and tains, Devil's Golf Course, Poison Spring, and have the right-and indeed the duty-to Suicide Pass. It is still possible to stand alone protect Death Valley and other units of States across the Nation have been in some parts of Death Valey and imagine the National Park System from mining or forced to seek new sources of revenue­ what our world looked like before man ap­ any other activity that diminishes the through the obvious route of additional peared-a world inhospitable to life as we quality of the environment within them. taxation-and those which did not face know it. Because of the special history and colorful the issue honestly, like New York City­ Once scarred, the desert is slow to heal it­ lore of the lone prospector and his burro, have reached the brink of financial dis­ self. There is no salving annual blanket of Death Valley has remained open to mineral entry. But that open door has allowed bull­ aster and bankruptcy. I would add that falling leaves. Yearly rainfall is often less because of the current impasse on reve­ than one and a half inches, and potential dozers, hydraulic trucks, and other heavy evaporation is one hundred times that equipment of the modern strip miner to pass nue sharing, there is an element of panic amount. Trails left by wild burros leave their through. creeping through many of our city halls imprint for decades. A crude, manmade ·road That door must now be closed in the pub­ and State capitols today. will last centuries. The activities of a human lic interest. Through all this, one community has lifetime measure a split second in the geo­ suffered more than the others because logic time of Death Valley, but the results of its uniqueness and that of course is of what we do will last forever. HONOR RABBI ISRAEL KOLLER the District of Columbia. Obviously, the On September 10, 1975, months after min­ District has not escaped the increases ing engineers had carried claim stakes in to lower Gower Gulch, the public became aware in expendi•tures but it has been con­ of what was going on. The Washington HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO strained from seeking additional revenue (D.C.) Star reponed that widespread strip OF CALIFORNIA because it does not control its own mining was due to begin in some of the most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES des·tiny due to congressional restrictions scenic areas of the national monument be­ on its ability to tax. What can the city cause of recent rulings by the Department Thursday, January 29, 1976 do if it is to avoid financial ruin? What of the Interior. The story was picked up by Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I can it do especially if our Founding other papers and by the national television networks. The mail from my California con­ do like to take this occasion to formally Fathers' principle of self-government is stituents began to pour in to my Washington note that tomorrow night, Congregation to retain any vitality and meaning in office. Within three weeks, three bills were B'nai B'rith in Santa Barbara will honor the Nation's Capital? intToduced in Congress to curtail mining in Rabbi Israel Koller at a special Oneg It should be remembered that the Dis­ Death Valley, and the subject was raised in Shabbat Service commemorating his lOth tric-t has no S.tate or county base to at least four committee sessions in the House anniversary with the temple. call on for additional revenues or aid and Senate-including in the Senate hear­ Rabbi Koller, though young in years, in providing services. Despite that lack ings on the confirmation of Thomas Kleppe of assistance, the District must perform to be Secretary of the Interior. is widely respected in the community for Another significant development was noted. his active concem about community life, the functions not only of a city but of a On September 30, less than three weeks after senior citizen needs, and education. He State and county as well. While it carries the first article appeared, a member of my has written and published articles in that burden, an estimated $98.5 million staff, :flying low over Gower Gulch in a small many journals, in English, Hebrew and worth of its real property tax base goes aircraft, verlfled that the last Tenneco claim Yiddish, and is listed in the 1972 edition untaxed because of the Federal presence. stake had been removed from the Zabriskie· "Who Is Who in World Jewry." • Furthermore, nonresidents, who take 55 Gower Gulch area. Public outcry had forced To his many friends in the community percent of the total personal income the corporate retreat-at least for the pres- and within the congregation, he has pro- earned in the District, go untaxed. January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1699 Yes, there are alternatives. The first candor, I cannot go on and on about I would add that those who believe is an increase in the Federal payment. fairness and allow the congressional ex­ that more Federal money is the only an­ This, of course, would mean that the citi­ emption to remain. swer to the District's fiscal problems will zens of Chicago, Bridgepo~ Los I would also like to speak briefly to the have a difficult time convincing the Na­ Angeles, Dallas, and so on would have to concept of a "fair share." tion's taxpayers and their Representa­ share an increased burden for the city's The Advisory Commission on Inter­ tives in Congress of that if the city's survival. Another alternative is the utili­ governmental Relations has found that commuters are not contributing some zation of a well-known nuisance tax. one large cities with populations of 250,000 share for the city's expenses. which is effectively employed by the city or more tend to have larger per capita I am convinced that this is legislation of New York-the toll bridge. costs and that "Part of these additional which is necessary for the fiscal and eco­ There are other possibilities but I be­ costs seem likely to result from the nomic well-being and viability of not lieve that the most equitable alternative greater use that commuters "' "' * make only the District of Columbia, but the to be the one I have proposed today. Be­ of the larger central cities." Too often, entire Washington metropolitan area. fore I discuss the specifics of the bill. I the reasons given for taxing nonresidents think it is significant to note at this rest solely upon a count of the direct point that more than 40,000 residents of benefits which a nonresident receives my congressional district in Connecticut from the city in the course of a working BRITISH EDITOR DEPLORES PUBLI­ pay a nonresident income tax to the day-police and fire protection and CIZING OF U.S. NATIONAL SECRETS city of New York. In fact, a tax of this maintenance of a workplace. Forgotten nature is not unique for there are 51 in the debate are the more indirect costs M ~CLORY which commuting imposes on the resi­ HON. ROBERT municipalities employing this concept OP ILLINOIS in the Nation today. I would say that in dents of the city. How does one quantify most instances, and I can speak par­ the exact cost of pollution. Or the cost IN THE HOUSE· OF REPRESENTATIVES ticularly for my constituents, people do in inconvenience of congested city Thursday, January 29, 1976 not pay this tax joyfully but they do so streets. The costs are there, however, and Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, a very dutifully since they realize it must be are now entirely borne by District resi­ perceptive and well-thought-out guest paid for the economic well-being of the dents. This bill does not even come close opinion was included in the CBS News city in which they work depends upon to that proportion. on Monday morning, January 26. it. They also know that the death of an I would anticipate two major criti­ The opinion relates directly to the ac­ urban center ultimately results in the cisms of this proposal. the first being the tions of our House Select Committee on slow strangulation of its suburbs. contention that through a number of Intelligence and other congressional Let me now turn to some of the bill's other taxes-sales, parking, et cetera­ units investigating the CIA and other in­ highlights: the commuter already makes a signifi­ telligence agencies. The opinion ex­ First. Taxable income for the purposes cant contribution to the city. Certainly, pressed by Peregrine Worsthorne, deputy of this tax defined as an individual's net this cannot be denied but the uncertain­ editor of the London Sunday Telegraph, income share of an unincorporated busi­ ty of this type of revenue does little to warrants our most careful study and re­ ness, wages, and salaries whose source give the city a firm hold on the future. flection. is in the District; There is no guarantee that everyone is It is one thing to investigate the se­ Second. Exemption of the first $6,500 going to use his or her car on a given crets and secret activities of the intelli­ in gross income; day nor is it certain that a purchase will be made. Furthermore, it is felt that gence community. It is quite something Third. Tax rate of 1 Y:z percent on tax­ the commuting Federal employee gen­ else to publicize these secrets and to ex­ able income. Exemption creates a grad­ erally stays within the Federal enclave­ pose individuals to the public reaction uation of the effective rate on gross in­ and not in the business community-dur­ which can come from such revelations. come. Wage earner making $14.000 pays ing his or her normal workday. Also, While the opinion expressed is that of an effective rate of eight-tenths of 1 there will be those who will say: "Taxa­ Mr. Worsthorne, it deserves a serious ex­ percent; tion without representation." Therein amination and a most thoughtful review Fourth. This tax would be creditable lies the key to congressional considera­ by the Members of this body and by the against the nonresident's State income tion of this proposal for the people of American people. tax; Virginia and Maryland are well and en­ Fifth. Congress imposes tax and only The CBS guest opinion follows: ergetically represented by voting Mem­ STATEMENT BY PEREGRINE WORSTHORNE Congress can change the rate; bers in Congress and voting members on Sixth. For the most part, tax collected A great many non-Americans throughout the District Committee. It is important the world have done jobs. !or the CIA in the through payroll withholding, eliminating to note that the congressional represent­ the need for complicated forins; last quarter of a century for reasons rang­ ative of the people of the District of ing from love of money to love of freedom. Seventh. Removal of the tax exemp­ Columbia brings the same vitality to his So far as the Third World countries are con­ tion for Members of Congress and con­ job but he is denied that all-important cerned there can be few anti-communist gressional employees; right to vote. If the District of Columbia politicians or people of inftuence whose Eighth. The elimination of the Dis­ City Council were to enact this measure, names don't appear on the CIA files. Yet trict's unincorporated busines franchise Virginia and Maryland Congressmen these same people. these pro-Americans tax. would have no say at all and then-and who never went along with the anti­ Preliminary estimates are that the net American fashion of the post-war years. only then-would that criticism be true. are now being put at risk by th.e Congres­ revenue yield for this proposal to the Last, let me say that if enacted this sional and media hounding of the CIA, District of Columbia will be in the area measure will not be the total answer to since we never know wh~n our names of $37.5 million, an amount which ac­ the District's financial woes. The city may appear in some sensational revelation. counts for only 3.3 percent of the Dis­ must take steps on its own and pursue a with consequences varying from mild trict's proposed 1977 budget. embarrassment to mortal peril. For a great vigorous approach to responsible spend­ power to indulge in cleansing its own The average wage earner making $14,- ing policies and a greater effort toward 000 annually would pay $112.50 annually domestic conscience by doing dirt on its for­ which could be credited against his or collecting that which is owed. eign friends is, to my mind, deeply shock­ her Maryland or Virginia State income Preliminary reports from the District ing. Imagine if the Soviet Union, in a fit Building indicate that many members of madness, were to compel the KGB to open tax. its files and expose all the innumerable Com­ Expanding briefly on two of the points. of the City Council agree and their per­ munist fellow travelers throughout the I would remove the unincorporated busi­ formance in getting a handle on unnec­ world who've had dealings with it since the ness tax since it is one which already essary growth in the District's budget war! Such revelations would do the Soviet applies to nonresidents and for the most will determine their success in pressing Union irreparable harm, since never again the case for a nonresident income tax. would its friends feel willing to hitch their part, I find it to be inefficient and in­ wagon to so treacherous a star. No doubt the equitable. Second-so as to bring my I believe in home rule, and I believe the CIA does need investigating. but it's almost "'antihero" status full circle-my bill City Council will make responsible at­ beginning to seem as if the American Con..: would require Members of Congress and tempts to achieve the goal of fiscal re­ gress a.nd media. are more concerned to their employees to pay this tax. In all sponsibilitY. punish those who spied for America than 1700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 those who spied. against her, determined to out the handgun. The concealability of a pand the circle of sympathizers around heap just as much moral condemnation on handgun, its depersonalized. lethal nature, the Weather Underground Organization. CIA officials as they were at the height of the all give him the slight psychological edge McCarthy Witch bunt on traitors like Alger needed to commit his crime. Given another As I pointed OUt in my CONGRESSIONAL Hiss, even to the point of putting their lives weapon, he might not think he has the force REcoRD reports on the PFOC on Octo­ at risk. to commit his crime. With a handgun he ber 3, 1975, and October 28, 1975, the As a life-long lover of the United States, knows he has the Ultimate force, the power plans for the conference emerged from a who has publicly defended her actions for to kill easily. In short, people do commit secret meeting of the PFOC held July 11- many years, I find this witch hunt against crimes but handguns make it easier and in 13, 1975, in Boston and Cambridge, Mass. the CIA just a-s bad, if not worse, than any some cases, inspire the commission of violen~ In line with the Weather Underground of the dirty tricks it's meant to expose. At crime. Organi~ation's new position calling for least the CIA dirty tricks were aimed at de­ "If we abolish handguns and have people stroying America's enemies. But this dirty turn them in, won't only the criminals have mass organizing, the P1-airie Fire cadres trick endangers her friends. A great country handguns? In the beginning, the answer to called for a meeting ostensibly to discuss can commit no worse crime than that. this is probably yes. But that is what the economic issues, to build "soliditary" police are for. We have been entrusted with with third world revolutionary move­ the responsibility for personal protection. ments and set the stage for a WUO-di­ Individuals need not, and in fact will not, rected national political organization. GUNS DO KILL PEOPLE be safer by carrying their own handguns. New York org·anizing is being ooordi­ America has not yet returned to those yes­ na.ted by former Weather Underground teryears where the one gun-toting citizen must protect himself against another gun­ fugitive Russ Neufeld, who has been HON. ABNER J. MIKVA toting citizen. In our more civilized society working for the National Lawyers Guild's OF ILLINOIS we have turned the use of lethal force over pro-armed struggle prison newsletter, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the pollee. The police will continue to the Midnight Special, and Marcy Isaacs protect citizens against harm while hand­ from offices in Room 411, 156 Fifth Ave­ Thursday, January 29, 1976 guns are removed from circulation. It wlll nue, New York, N.Y. 10010 (212/691- Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, is it really take time, but eventually the handgun will 9281); and by Ellen Afterman from a be as rare as the buffalo roaming the prairies. hole-in-the-wall office at 53 West Jack­ true that if we place a ban on handguns, Perhaps then we wlll be as safe from the only criminals will have them? This carnage of handguns as other civilized na­ son, Room 1601, Chicago, Ill. 60604. question is constantly raised by some tions which long ago eliminated this deadly While having received only some fifty people who write expressing concern anachronism. preregistrations-$3-Afterman has been about handgun control and what it "National legislation is needed because directing those seeking housing during would do to those who depend upon a scattered tough state laws can't do the job. the 3-day conference to a "flophouse" gun for protection. Is it equally true that, Handguns don't observe state boundaries. called Liberty Hall at 2440 North Lincoln. as the saying goes, guns do not kill peo­ As long as there is a pool of handguns avail­ Liberty Hall is owned by John "Johnny able, there will always be the same problems. Appleseed" Rossen, an aging former ple, people kill people? As this Nation celebrates its 200th birthday, The following remarks by Boston it is perhaps appropriate to look at the goals Communist Party, U.S.A. organizer who Police Commissioner Robert Di Grazia, set out for us by our founding fathers. The prevlously served as landlord to the old which I would like to bring to the atten­ Preamble of the Constitution declares the SDS national office and as the revolu­ tion of my colleagues, respond to the need to "Insure domestic tranquility." Two tionary "grandfather'' :figw·e on the SDS many arguments used by opponents of hundreds years later I would hope that we National Interim Committee in 1968-69 gun control. now see that national legislation abolishing when it was controlled by the Weather­ handguns is a substantial step toward that man faction. The article follows: goal." EXCERPTS FROM FoRUM SPEECH BY BoSTON Rossen is also the founder of the POLICE CoMMISSIONER ROBERT DI GRAZIA People's Bicentennial Commission­ PBC-a Marxist "educational" group It is my view that law must bamsh pri­ REVOLUTIONARY TERRORISTS vate handguns from this country. I a.m not currently receiving national media at­ asking for registration or licensing or out­ HOLD EXPANSION CONFERENCE tention for their warped distortion of laWing cheap "Saturday Night Specials," I the principles of America's Founding am saying that no private citizen, whatever Fathers. While former Chicagoan Jeremy his claim, should possess a handgun: only HON. LARRY McDONALD Rifkin runs the PBC's national opera­ police officers and the military shoUld. I want OF GEORGIA tion, Rossen is still its leading figure in to see this accomplished by outlawing the Chicago. manufacture, distribution, sale, ownership, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and possession of handguns. During the first Thursday, January 29, 1976 Rossen has made Liberty Hall a vail­ six months after the law is passed, all hand­ able to Hard Times conferees for a dol­ gun owners should be permitted. to turn in Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. lar-a-head per night, sleeping bags any­ their guns rece.iving fair market value for Speaker, a national meeting organized by where you can find space. Although Ros­ them. After the end of that amnesty period, supporters of the terrorist Weather sen's People's Bicentenni,al Commission anyone caught With a handgun in his posses­ Underground Organization will be held denounces the free enterprise system, he sion shoUld be severely punished. Any crime this weekend, January 30-February 1, expects to turn a tidy profit from his committed with one should be punished far 1976, in Chicago. This meeting, the Na­ sleazy slum holdings this weekend. more severely than that same crime com­ tional Hard Times Conference, is the re­ The Hard Times conference will com­ mitted Without a handgun. Many people think this is a radical position. My position sult of 7 months of work by the Prairie mence on Friday evening, January 30, is not radical. It is the current situation Fire Organizing Oommittee--PFOC-the with a "People's Tribunal" to denounce which is radical and unreasonable. They ask aboveground support arm of the Weather the "economic crimes" of the free enter­ "Wouldn't you accept something less?" My Underground terrorists. prise system. The Saturday morning key­ answer to that is "No." Let me explain why. Prairie Fire organizers report that note speaker will be the PFOC national As long as we have handguns available, some 1,300 activists are expected to at­ secretary, Jennifer Dohrn, sister of the they Will continue to be misused. People Will tend the meetings to be held on the fugitive WUO leader, Bernardine Dohrn. continue to accidentally shoot one another Circle Campus of Roosevelt University. The WUO support coalition will discuss as well as themselves. Lives and limbs will be Eleven buses have been scheduled to plans for mass disruptions of the July 4 lost needlessly. They will continue to be the main source of violent crime. It is often said leave Union Square in New York City Bicentennial celebrations in Phila­ that guns don't commit crimes, people do. tonight--January 29. In addition car delphia. The Puerto Rican Socialist The supposition here is that if handguns were pools and buses are being organized from Party-PSP-a Marxist-Leninist revolu­ not available, the criminal would find some­ Ithaca, Buffalo, San Diego, San Fran­ tionary group backed by the Cubans, has thing else. Undoubtedly, this would be true cisco, Milwaukee, Minneapolis-St. Paul, already called for a mass mobilization to in some cases, although it may not lead to Boston, Seattle, Columbus, Philadelphia, demand American abandonment of as many deathS. However, in many other Norfolk, and Oregon. Puerto Rico-to PSP control-in the cases, the unavailability of a handgun could While the ostensible purpose of the name of decolonization. mean the non-commission of a violent crime. It The wife and husbf.nd arguing would not conference is to organize pressure for so­ is also noted in passing that the be able to grab a handgun and easily end a cialist solutions to the economic slump, alienated anarchist drug abusers of the life. The juvenile robber might not have the the true purpose of the National Hard Youth International Party-YIP-report perverted boldness to commit his crime with - Times Conference is to develop and ex- in their tabloid, the Yipster Times, that January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1701 they too will attempt to bring numbers The rulers have set the time for the party; ernments for local public works and pro­ of street freaks and radical heads to Let us bring the fireworks. vide needed jobs for unemployed Amer­ Philadelphia for July 4. Since 1968, the The Hard Times conference is to con­ icans, I regret that I was unable to join YIP has served to bring numbers of sider plans for mass demonstrations dur­ my 321 colleagues who voted ''aye" on alienated young people to the national ing 1976. Dates targeted include March 8 the report. political conventions where they have International Women's Day; 2 week~ served as the shock troops for the of de~onstrations in Washington, D.C., more disciplined revolutionaries in street tentatively set for April15 through May 1 battles with police. centering on the demand "Jobs for AU"· CONGRESSIONAL SALUTE TO MRS. The PFOC is using the militant cadres July 4; and national or local demonstra~ CORNELIA HARRINGTON SAND­ of Youth Against War and Fascism­ tions on November 1, 1976, the anniver­ ERS, YOUNGEST MEMBER OF 1960 YA WF-the youth arm of the Workers sary of the 1950 revolt in Puerto Rico and U.S. WINTER OLYMPIC ICE SKAT­ World Party, a Trotskyist Communist the assassination attempt on President ING TEAM NAMED TO THE OLD group, to assist in the organizing. Truman. TIMERS ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION Y AWF has a record of more than a 1975 "SPORTS HALL OF FAME" decade of violent street confrontations Revolutionary terrorists have often with police. YAWF members, male and tended to mark special days of revolu­ female, have never shrunk from staging tio_nary significance with bombings. HUN. ROBERT A. ROE club-wielding battles with police, and Prime target dates have included before the Weatherman SDS faction March 8-International Women's Day; OF NEW JERSEY went underground, YAWF often partic­ May 1-May Day; July 4; July 26- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ipated in running street rampages along­ Castro's attack on the Moncada; Au­ Thursday, January 29, 1976 gust 7-9-atomic bombs; September 11- side the Weathermen. Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, as we celebrate YAWF and its parent party have pro­ downfall of the Allende regime in Chile; and November 1-Puerto Rican revolt. our Nation's Bicentennial Year, it is most vided political support for virtually every fitting that we reflect upon the outstand­ revolutionary guerrilla and terrorist At a time when the overt arm of the revolutionary terrorists is holding a na­ ing accomplishments of our people and, movement in the third world. YA WF today, I would like to call to the atten­ s~~ports the Chilean MIR, the Argen­ tional meeting, the Chicago Police De­ partment has its hands tied and the tion of you and our colleagues here in tmi~n ERP, the MPLA in Angola, the the Congress the standards of excellence Soviet-backed guerrillas in Oman the revolutionaries know it. Members of the Chicago police force have recently testi­ and success of the achievements of a Vietnamese and the Eritrean re~olu­ former resident of my hometown of tionaries in Ethiopia; but for nearly a fied before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee that they have been for­ Wayne, Mrs. Cornelia Harrington decade, YA WF's most passionate devotion Sanders, who has been named to the roll has been to the fanatical butchers of bidden to gather information on Com­ munist revolutionary groups and their of honor in the "Sports Hall of Fame" the Palestine Liberation Organization­ of the Old Timers Athletic Association FLO-whose slaughter of school chil­ fronts. Yet the Weather Underground Orga­ of Greater Paterson, N.J., located in my dren, athletes and tourists YAWF hailed congressional district. with enthusiasm. nization states in its publications that it is a Communist organization. Youth Cornelia, widely known as "Pooch " The cosponsoring groups for the Na­ when she came to Packanack Against ~ar and Fascism is a Trotskyist Lak~ . tional Hard Times Conference include a Wayne, N.J., as a young miss from the number of equally violent organizations Commumst organization. The Puerto Rican Socialist Party also states that place of her birth, Tarrytown, N.Y., and individuals. Spom,ors include the achieved many plateaus of honor in our Cuban-dominated Puerto Rican Socialist it is. a Marxist-Leninist, that is, Com­ community including garden display Party-PSP-the Americar- Indian mumst, movement. And many of the co­ awards, oratorical prizes, swimming Movement-AIM-Attica Now; Friends sponsoring groups also fall within this category. races, and many, many friends. As a 4-H of Indochina; CASA-General Brother­ member, she attained the first "blue rib­ hood of Workers-United Black The disgrace is that politically ori­ bon" championship award in Wayne Workers; Harlem Fight Back · the San ented members of the Chicago Police Township for her garden display. As a Quentin Six Defense Committ~e, a Com­ Department, fearing radical courtsuits student at Holy Cross Elementary School munist Party, U.S.A.-dominated support and liberal political pressure have for­ she won first prize in an oratotical con­ group for prison inmates accused of b~~den its officers to protect Chicago's test for several years, and before she murder during an attempted jailbreak· citizens from the revolutionaries because entered ice skating competition, she and the City Star underground news~ the revolutionaries are "political." What won several awards in swimming com­ paper. has happened to the rights of American petition. The terrorist support groups and their citizens in Chicago and other cities and l?e skating championships for speed allies are planning to mass thousands of States to be protected from terrorist as­ racmg to her credit in "junior girls" radical demonstrators in Philadelphia on saults on their rights to "Life, Liberty comp_etition in 1959, just prior to earning July 4 to disrupt the Bicentennial com­ and the Pursuit of Happiness"? the right to represent the United States memoration. Bicentennial officials have Let us hope that the citizens of Chi­ in the Olympics were: predicted that as many as half-a-mil­ c~go will m_ake their police force respon­ The Tri.:staie Outdoor Championship· lion patriotic Americans may attend the sive to their need for protection before The Eastern States Outdoor Cham~ July 4th festivities. the :weather Underground, the FALN and pionship in Saratoga, N.Y., breaking an their allies abolish our constitutional The potential for "affinity" wolf packs 880-~ard record of 26 years standing; of revolutionaries rioting through the rights once and for all. ·Middle Atlantic Outdoor Champion- crowds of tourists is unmistakable. The ship in Newburgh, N.Y.; and tactics have been used before at the 1968 East~rn ~eaboard Speed Skating Democratic National Convention at the PERSONAL EXPLANATION OF ChampiOnship a~ Saranac Lake, N.Y. 1969 Presidential Inauguration,' during Mr. Speaker, I would like to have in­ many large "antiwar" rallies and in CONGRESSMAN CONYERS ~erted at this point in our historical Miami. at the 1972 Republican' National Journal of Congress a recent news story Convention. HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. that appeared in the Herald News, one of In addition there is a clear danger of OF MICHIGAN New Jersey's most prestigious news­ terrorist bombings taking place during IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES papers, authored by_their distinguished the Bicentennial celebrations. The Puerto staffwriter, Joan Wiessmann, which most ~ican Socialist Party's rallies and meet­ Thursday, January 29, 1976 eloquently describes Cornelia Harrington mgs have been accompanied by· support Mr. CON~ERS. Mr. Speaker, today the Sanders' athletic endeavors that have bombings by the FALN. The Weatlier House considered the conference report earned her the highly ·esteemed election Underground has also committed bomb­ to tP,e Pub~ic Works Employment Act of t~ the Sports Hall of Fame of the Old ings in support of PSP causes. And both 1975. Inasmuch as this legisla-tion will Timers A. A. of Greater Paterson. The· the WUO and its PFOC have said, provide funding to local and St~te gov- news article is as follows: · 1702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976

"POOCH'' NOW A HALL OF FAMER community have 1nterwined with the Twilight Social Club established in Al­ (By Joan Wiessmann) spirit of community interest and friendly bany in 1970 which she helped to develop WAYNE.-There'll be a proud gleam in the cooperation of athletes and sports orga­ and where she currently serves as staff eyes of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Harrington nizations to establish a "Sports Hall of consultant. This organization helps pro­ when their daughter is inducted into the Fame" to help preserve the historic sig­ vide a low-key, non-threatening social "Old Timers AA of Greater Paterson Sports nificance and public acclaim of the ex­ experience and warm, easy-going atmos­ Hall of Fame" on Nov. 30 at the Bethwood traordinary athletic achievements of the phere to provide social supports for trou­ Inn, Totowa. Cornelia Harrington Sanders, better known youth of America. I know you will want bled people in the community and help as "Pooch," at 16 was the youngest member to join with me in extending our deepest avert their rehospitalization. ever to be placed on a Winter Olympic Squad appreciation to the following officers and In 1970 Cornelia was the architect of speed skating team. That was in 1960. Ac­ members of the 1976 Sports Hall of Fame the program plan and design for the tually, she was 15 when she won the 3,000 Committee: development of the widely acclaimed meter race at the Olympic trials at Minne­ SPORTS HALL OF FAME COMMITTEE multiagency, multiservice center, the apolis which catapulted her, coincidentally, The Honorable: Dom Trouse, Chairman; St. Johns Human Resources Center Proj­ onto the first Olympic women's skating team. Ben Marmo, Co-Chairman; Edward A. Haines, ect, which has been implemented by the The vigorous brunette will be interviewed Honorary Chairman; Edward Madama, Sam Model Cities Program in Cohoes, N.Y. at 10 p.m. Sunday during a 30-minute pro­ Sibilia, Dinner Chairmen; Herman c. gram on Channel WTEN, an affiliate of CBS, Mr. Speaker, Cornelia Harrington Madama, Souvenir Journal; Dom Dinardo, Sanders' story relates a wonderful cham­ out of Albany, N.Y. She'll be asked to review Treasurer and Secretary; Bob Potts, His­ her life since the time she broke a 26-year torian; Abe Greene, Welcome; Sam Sib111o, pionship performance of a great young standing record in the Eastern States Out­ Induction Officer; Bennie Borgmann, Presi­ lady and I am pleased to present it to door Race, and won the Middle Atlantic dent Old Times. you during our Bicentennial Year in Outdoor and the Eastern Seaboard Speed Benny Borgmann, Robert J. Passero, Jack reft.ecting on the achievements of the· Skating races prior to placing for the Olym­ McFadyen, Anthony DeSopo, Mike Denice, people of our Nation. We do indeed salute pics, to the present time. Ted Ferguson, James LaBagnara, John Cornelia for her contribution to the These events must surge up memories for Mayers. Tom Harrington, who timed daughter "American Dream." "Pooch" on early winter mornings when her Bert Bertanl, Elmor Shaver, Don Caputo, blades flashed around the lake at the Pack­ Pat Felano, Charles Trombetta, Champ Snell, anack community where she was raised, and Tom Elm, Sr. for the two years she practiced daily-at ADVISORY COMMITTEE INNOVATION AND ACHIEVEMENT an ice skating rink then located where the The Honorable: Bob Whiting, Retired AT RAMAPO COLLEGE massive Willowbrook Shopping Center is now Sports Editor, Record; Chuck Pezzano, Bowl­ situated-prior to the Olympic trials. ing Editor, Record; Jammy Salvato, News The 5 foot 2, 116 pound speed skater got Outdoor Editor; Mike Batelli, Outdoor Edi­ an uproarious reception from her De Paul tor, Record; Bob Curley, Sports Editor, Pater­ HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE High School colleagues when she returned son News; Harry Lev, News Boxing Editor; OF NEW JERSEY to classes after copping a berth on the Olym­ Augie Lio, Sports Editor, Herald News; Ron IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pic team. At the time, she was also only the Rippey, Assistant Sports Editor, Paterson second 15-year-old to be included on this News. Thursday, January 29, 1976 country's winter Olympic teams. The first Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the oppor­ Mr. MAGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, today I was skiing sensation Andrea Mead Lawrence. want to congratulate Ramapo College An ardent swimmer before she got the tunity to seek this national recognition skating bug, Pooch (so named because she of the youngest member of the 1960 U.S. of New Jersey on its initial accreditation was "friendly as a puppy") later went on Olympic Ice Skating Team and the by the Middle States Association of Col­ to get her BA and masters degree in psy­ youthful achievements of the former leges and Secondary Schools. The board chology at Boston University and is a prac­ Cornelia "Pooch" Harrington. It is also of trustees, President Potter and the ticing psychologist at the Capitol District interesting to note that in her maturity staff of the college deserve full recogni­ Psychiatric Center in Albany, N.Y. a-s Mrs. Cornelia Sanders she continues tion for this accomplishment which The TV interviewer on Sunday's program to comes 4 short years after Ramapo opened serve as a shining example for, · and will soon learn that Pooch moved rapidly its doors to students. around the college campus, too, earning an­ champion of, the youth of America. There are many aspects to this other "first" when she became the first In June 1973, Cornelia married Mr. achievement that should. be recognized: woman president of the Boston University Gerald A. Sanders, Jr., at the Immacu­ honor society, The Scarlet Key. A member of It is quantitative. Several thousand Psl Chi, a national academic honor society in late Heart of Mary Church in my home­ New Jersey students have been enrolled. psychology, she was named "Outstanding town of Wayne at a nuptial mass concel­ It is qualitative. As the Middle States Student of the Year 1975" at Boston Univer­ ebrated by Very Rev. Msgor. John P. evaluation team indicated in the intro­ sity and was included in "Who's Who in McHugh and her cousin, Father William duction to their report, "The very best American Colleges and Universities, 1965." Bestos, C.S.C., Superior of the Holy Cross aspects of the liberal arts experience are .Married to Gerry Sanders Jr., Pooch and Fathers, Stonehill College, Mass. Mr. to be found here" at Ramapo College. her husband return to her former 104 Beech­ Sanders, who attained his degree in so­ This assessment of quality has been con­ wood Dr. home to visit her parents whenever ciology from the college of St. Rose, is a busy schedules permit. Recent mild winters firmed by the considered judgment of have been bummers for ice skating enthu­ national director of the Young Men's the nationally distinguished consultants siasts at Packanack Lake where Pooch's In­ Christian Association and former direc­ who have reviewed the colleges programs terest in skating was first aroused. But tor of the Youth Organization of Green for the New Jersey Board of Higher nostalgia must assail her at the sight of the Island, N.Y. Cornelia is a psychologist at Education. lake where she developed an Olympian stride the Capital District Psychiatric Center, It is innovative. The college commu­ and la-ter became the toast of her town. Albany City Unit, a multidisciplinary nity has boldly designed a relevant and She represented the Willowbrook Skating treatment team in a community-based Club when she surprised her competitors and personalized in·terdisciplinary curricu­ sports analytics by qualifying for the Olym­ State hospital providing outpatient psy­ lum which deserves wider attention. pic team. For this, the Old Timers Athletic chiatric care, where she has served with I am particularly impressed by the Association has chosen to induct her in the distinction since 1969. college's efforts to make higher educa­ Greater Paterson Sports Hall of Fame at a Cornelia has always manifested the tion accessible to all types of students: 1 :30 p.m. banquet at the Bethwood. highest standards of excellence in every­ There is a Saturday College for work­ The Hall of Fame is at Lambert Castle in thing she has set out to do and I am ing adults. Paterson. pleased to share the pride of her family There is a transition program for vet­ Mr. Speaker, may I also commend to and many, many friends in the success of erans and mature women. you the members of the Old Timers A.A. her achievements since accepting her There are barrier-free facilities for Association of Greater Paterson whose present position dedicated to individual physically handicapped. leadership endeavors and achievements and family therapy with emphasis on There is a flexibility of program which above and beyond their career pursuits, evaluation, crisis intervention, consulta­ eases access for senior citizens. civic and social endeavors which number tion and supervision services. We point There is an educational opportunity them amongst the leading citizens of our with pride also to the Tuesday Night program for disadvantaged populations. January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1703 All of these have been provided with­ "I'm going to light a candle on the way Motley, an insurance and real estate broker. out compromising a strong academic home," a city official who had once opposed They have one son, Joel Jr., 14. The family one of her redevelopment plans said after lives at 875 West End Avenue. program for traditional students in learning that she was moving on to the court. science, humanities, social science, busi­ Another said, in awe, that "she really ness, and the arts. senses the public feeling and moves in on For the citizens of its home county, it to get what she wants-a real dynamo, THE RIGHT MAN AT THE "RIGHT Bergen, the college also offers a wealth yes, a real dynamo." PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME of natural resources-its fine lecture To this sort of spoken or implied criticism, halls, its new gymnasium, a modern Mrs. Motley says, as she did recently: "City science building, and its most valuable government is becoming highly centralized. Citizens and organizations are shunted HON. WILLIAM F. GOODLING natural resource of all-its outstanding sometimes from pillar to post as they seek OF PENNSYLVANIA people. to express to public officials legitimate needs IN THE ;HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ramapo College of New Jersey is one and complaints." Thw·sday, January 29, 1976 of the successes of the social initiatives HELPED THROUGH COLLEGE of the late 1960's in New Jersey. In thi.s Manhattan's first woman Borough Presi­ Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, on No­ instance governmental planning worked; dent then promptly eliminated nine engi­ vember 19, 1975, on the occasion of the educational innovation was encouraged; neering positions from her office, replaced 112th anniversary of Lincoln's Gettys­ and adequate budgetary support was them with eight general assistants and burg Address, a distinguished group provided. The newly created New Jersey summed up the reorganization as "reflect­ gathered in Soldier's National Cemetery Board of Higher Education and the De­ ing the changing role of my office as the chief in Gettysburg for the purpose of com­ partment of Higher Education were vital spokesman of the local communities in city memorating that event once again and, spurs, and the citizens of New Jersey by government." Constance Baker was born in New Haven most importantly, for the purpose of their votes for bond issues were sup­ on Sept. 14, 1921. Her parents had migrated dedicating the Kentucky State monu­ portive. from the British West Indies. Her father was ment. I certainly wanted to be there to In my judgment we must continue to a chef, and did not have the money to send welcome the Honorable JulianN. Carroll, support such successes. her or her five sisters and two brothers to the Governor of Kentucky, but business college. here in the House prevented that. My When she was 18, and a year and a half out father, former Congressman George of high school with no prospect of going to college, she got up to talk about civil rights Goodling, was present, however, and later JUSTICE CONSTANCE BAKEH MOT­ in a community house meeting. "You know advised me of the great success of the LEY'S lOTH ANNIVERSARY ON THE how 18-year-olds can sound off," she said ceremony. My colleague, BILL NATCHER, FEDERAL BENCH many years later. of Kentucky, has obtained a copy of the A man in the audience, the late Clarence Governor's remarks which he will later Blakeslee, a white businessman who had be inserting in the RECORD. At this time HON. CHARLES a RANGEL donated much to Negro welfare and educa­ I would like to share with you the re­ OF NEW YORK tion, was impressed, however. When the marks of my own constituent, the Hon­ gangling, intense young Negro girl told him IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES she wanted to go to college and become a orable John A. MacPhail, present judge Thursday, January 29, 1976 lawyer, Mr. Blakeslee gave her the chance, of the Court of Common Pleas of Adams financing her education. County, Pa. In addition to being a fine Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, 10 years After studying for more than a year at judge, Judge MacPhail is learned in the ago this week, Constance Baker Motley Fisk University, she graduated from New history of our area. I think all Amer­ was appointed a Federal judge in the York University with a degree in economics. icans will be interested in his comments southern district of the State of New She then studied law at Columbia University on President Lincoln and the creation of York. The significance of this appoint­ graduating in 1946. the Gettysburg Address. Judge Mac­ ment lies in the fact that she was the Her first job was as clerk to Thurgood Phail's remarks follow: first black woman to be so named. Her Marshall in the N.A.A.C.P. Legal Defense and appointment culminated a life of Educational Fund. Another lawyer in the THE RIGHT MAN AT THE RIGHT PLACE AT office was Edward Dudley, now a State Su­ THE RIGHT TIME achievement and dedication to the cause preme Court justice, who was Mrs. Motley's Governor Carroll, distinguished citizens of civil rights and justice for all Ameri­ predecessor as Manhattan Borough Presi­ from the state of Kentucky, honored guests, cans. dent. members of the Lincoln Fellowship of Penn­ In my continuing effort to share with While working for the Defense Fund she sylvania, ladies and gentlemen. At the out­ my colleagues the contributions that moved with the civil rights storm as a lawyer set I must confess that attempting to speak black people have made to our Nation, noted as a persistent questioner, who was on this occasion is somewhat analogous to I insert the following biographical sketch usually logical, always direct and simple in attempting to say something different about of Judge Motley which appeared in the her summations and often quite witty. Christmas or the Fourth of July. But per­ In Albany, Ga., in the summer of 1962, haps, like the message of Christmas and the New York Times of January 26, 1966. several witnesses testified that Negro leaders Fourth of July, what happened here 112 After my colleagues have read this ac­ had whipped their followers into a frenzy years ago bears repeating again and again. count of her life, I am sure they will during mass meetings in Negro churches. Throughout its 200 year history the United agree with me that Constance Baker Mrs. Motley's response, in her final sum­ States of America in every crisis has some­ Motley is indeed a shining example of mation, was roughly as follows. how produced the right man at the right the true spirit of '76. COUNSEL TO MEREDITH place at the right time. I would hope it The full text of the article follows: would not be considered irreligious to ob­ "Now about those frenzied meetings, your serve that a George Washington at Valley CHOICE FOR U.S. BENCH-CONSTANCE BAKER honor. Weren't they held in Baptist Forge, a Thomas Jefferson in Philadelphia, a MOTLEY churches? Everybody knows that Southern General Pershing in France and a Dwight There was a great and general slgh of re­ Baptists sometimes get pretty emotional in David Eisenhower in Europe suggest some­ lief in many city agencies yesterday. Con­ church. We wouldn't want to take that away thing of Divine intervention in the affairs of stance Baker Motley, a singleminded woman, from them, would we?" The judge grinned, this nation. No more perfect example of that had been selected as a Federal judge, and numerous spectators smiled, and Mrs. Motley observation could be found than Abraham the boat that she had been rocking in gov­ went on to a more direct argument. Lincoln as President of this country at a ernment since she became Manhattan In the same year Mrs. Motley represented time when it came closest to disintegration. Borough President would hop.;fully sail into James H. Meredith, a Negro who was seeking Until July 4, 1863, President Abraham calmer water. Mrs. Motley is tall and hand­ admission to the University of Mississippi. Lincoln endured political and military re­ some (although the camera tends to make In February, 1963, in a special election, versals at almost every turn. It seemed like her appear larger than she is) and her smile she was elected as a Democrat-Liberal to the an almost endless wait for good news--any is as warm as that of an old lady who has State Senate, where she served for two years good news. On July 4, a date that time and just been helped across the street. as the only woman in that legislative body. again seems to be marked in our history by · But she has been, in turn, one of the She became borough President in 1965 when some kind of Divine designation since July toughest civil rights lawyers in the coun­ Mr. Dudley, also a Negro, was appointed to 4, 1776, something approaching a change in try, the first Negro woman to sit in the the court. She was elected to the post in military :fortunes occurred in 1863. On that State Senate and, as Borough President, a November, running as a Democrat, Liberal day General U. S. Grant won a victory at head rattling questioner of, for example, city and Republican. Vicksburg. On that day, General Robert E. planners' favorite plans. In 1946 Mrs. Motley was married to Joel Lee began his retreat from Gettysburg. 1704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 2·9, 1976 Shortly after July 4, 1863, Governor An­ President Abraham Lincoln could not press was almost unanimous in adverse crit­ drew Curtin of Pennsylva.nia came to Gettys­ refuse an invitation extended with such icism. Few of the city papers had. any com­ burg from H&rr18burg to survey the human Sincerity and which appealed to his deepest plimentary remarks for the President or his carnage strewing the fields of battle here. feelings. His compassion for the widows, the speech. There were some notable exceptions. After a brief review of the situation the Gov­ orphans and the men in battle on both sides An un.ldentlfl.ed reporter (isn't that part of ernor designated a concerned Gettsyburg of the battle line has been well described the irony of life) for the Chicago Tribune citizen and lawyer, David Wills, as his rep­ by historians and authors. Somehow this proved to be one of the few prophets lis­ resentative to make arrangements for the man would fit into this busy schedule a few tening. He wrote, "The dedicatory remarks care of the wounded. A few days later, Mr. appropriate remarks if it would do anything of Mr. Lincoln will live among the annals Wills informed the Governor that a task of at all to ameliorate the grief of h1a fellow of man." The Providence Journal noted, "It more urgency than the care of the wounded citizens and rekindle the vision of their fore­ is often said that the hardest thing in the here was the burial of the dead. Together fathers about this nation's unique structure world is to make a five minute speech. But With the problem, Mr. Wills proposed to the and purpose. Therefore, in the early evening could the most elaborate and splendid ora­ Governor a solution-the purchase of 17 of November 18, the President arrived by tion be more beautiful, more touching, more acres of land to be used as a cemetery and train ln. Gettysburg on schedule. On Novem­ inspiring than those thrilling words of the to be financed by the 18 states whose loyal ber 19, at the time previously designated, he President?" Harper's Weekly said, "The few sons died here. He also suggested that the was in his appointed place for the mllitary words of the President were from the heart cemetery be symmetrically designed and that parade saddled on a horse his own stature to the heart. It was as simple and felicitous the ground be conseWorld Peace Council, an in­ Mr. FoRD has built a reputation in his Smith married John Abt, and she has ternational Soviet-controlled Commu- district as a hardworking Representative shown a continuing association with the nist front. · and one who is truly dedicated to good surviving members of the Ware group. Daniel Rosenberg. government. As a Member of the fresh­ Jessica Smith herself has also been James S.teele, head of CPUSA's youth man class of the 94th Congress, he has identified as a member of the CPUSA, group, the Young Workers Liberation maintained a close relationship with his se.rving on its national committee since League Gus Hall, CPUSA general secretary. mittee numbers nearly 100 per-sons and leagues in the House and insert the story John J. Abt, CPUSA political commis­ is a rollcall of leading U.S. Communist in the RECORD at this point: sion and general counsel. and front activists. They include: (By Morris Cunningham and A. B. Albritton) Nadine Brewer, Metropolitan Qpera ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE Rep. Harold Ford's Washington lifestyle is singer. remarkably austere for a healthy, active, 30· John J. Abi, Michael Balanoff, Vita Barsky, year·old. Abe Feinglass, CPUSA member; vice Minna Bayer, Marilyn Bechtel, Jane Bene· president, Amalgamated Meatcutters An evening meal usually centers around a diet, Constance E. Berkley. can of something he opens himself in his & Butcher Workmen's Union. Harry Bridges, Alva Buxenbaum, Marvel apartment, rubout three blocks f.rom his Valentin M. Kamemev. Cooke_, Eleanor Crain, .Irving J. Crain, M.D., Washington office where he serves as a Demo· Anatoly A. Mkrtchyan, editor of Soviet Ernest Crichlow, Angela Davis, Ossie Davis, cratic member of the U.S. House of Repre· Life, an official propaganda publication Ruby Dee, Ernest De Maio. sentative-s from Memphis. Freda Diamond, Robert w. Dunn, Ethel After dinner, the freshman representative of the U.S.S.R. Ellis (Mrs. Fred Ellis), Stephen H. Fritch· Richard Morford, CPUSA member; a may read a newspaper or work on something man, Judy Gallo, Simon W. Gerson, Sophie he has brought from the office. Until re­ leader of the National Council of Ameri­ M. Gerson, Sally Gorton, Sara Gottlieb, cently, he didn't have a radio or television in can-Soviet Friendship, a leading CPUSA Harry Gottlieb, Gilbert Green, Helen North his apartment. front. Green, Maurine A. Green. When his wife, Dorothy, is in Washington, William Gropper, Robert Gwathmey, Lem Ford fares better and gets bacon and eggs for John Randolph, CPUSA member and Harris, Peter K. Hawley, Carroll Hollister, actor. breakfast. Otherwise, it is juice, cereal and Dorothy K. Hunton, Esther Cooper Jackson, maybe some fruit. Augusta Strong, CPUSA member. James E. Jackson, Arnold Johnson, David B. "I eat a big lunch at the Capitol every Pete Seeger, a folksinger active in in­ Kimmelman, M.D., Edythe Kimmelman, day. That is my main meal," says Ford. numerable CPUSA causes and fronts David Laibman, Edward Lamb, Corliss Until the weather turned cold he rode a since the 1940's. Lamont, John Howard Lawson. bicycle to and from his office. Now he walks Susan E. Lawson, Clara K. Leet, C. Robert the three blocks, though sometimes a staff Chairwoman of the tribute luncheon Leet, Walter Lowenfels, Dorothy Lumer, member will drop him off at night. will be Thelma Dale Perkins. Hyman Lumer, Tony Monteiro, Richard Mor­ Ford prefers bicycles to airplanes, but uses The-tribute committee, operating not ford, Leith Mullings, George B, Murphy, Jr. both. "I get a little scared about flying. surprisingly from the New World Review Helen and Scott Nearing, Edith and Gibby Sometimes I get on a plane and I just don't offices 156 Needleman, Howard L. Parsons, Florence and feel right. I ask for my ticket back and wait at Fifth Avenue, room 308, Morris Pasternak, Louise F. Patterson, Wil­ New York, N.Y. 10010, 212/CH -3-0666, for another :flight." liam L. Patterson, Thelma Dale Perkins Sometimes he doesn't like the next flight includes such well-known CPUSA mem­ Sandy Pollack, Annette Pro.vinzano, Anto~ either and takes an even later one. bers and supporters of its fronts as: Refregier, Beatrice Rippy, Holland Roberts. Despite his fears, Ford flies to and from 1710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 Memphis every week when Congress is in the busy days at home "have an effect on His work there has pleased Rep. Al Ullman session. He hasn't spent a weekend in Wash­ your family life. My wife is always on me (D-Ore.), the committee chairman. ington since he arrived last January. about it. But I asked for this job and I've "Harold Fiord brings a good mind and a Ford gets off the airplane at Memphis with got to do it." fresh point of view to the committee sessions. a load of dirty clothes to be laundered. Mrs. Ford admits her husband's schedule He has demonstrated a sense of responsibility That is only the beginning of a typical and long absences "are rough on you. There's and he has cooperated with the chairman weekend at home for the young representa­ just no easy answer." very closely." tive. "But," she says, "I think he's done a Ford, says Ullman, also has been diligent Ford heads from the ·airport to his new beautiful job. I enjoy his work just about as in committee session attendance. "He always home in Whitehaven where he visits his wife much as he does." has been there when we needed him.'' and three sons briefly while signing a batch The Ford family has recently moved to a "He has done the things a new member of letters on the kitchen table, and then he's large, two-story home in Whitehaven which should do to get along w!th the committee." off for a Friday night banquet or some kind cost $80,000. It's the first house Ford has ever But since most any form of political clout of meeting. Ford may even make two meet­ owned and it is lavishly decorated with fine is denied a freshman, Ford has been using ings on Friday night if the timing is right. furniture. much of his time mending the home fences, Saturday mornings start in a hurry too. The Fords have three sons: Harold Jr., 5, trying to protect his seat from challenges. The representative whips by the local clean­ Jake, 3, and Sir Isaac, 1. Younger Isaac is Ford says he has heard of no potential ers and then he's off to keep a series of named for singer and entertainer Isaac Hayes threats so far. appointments at his four Memphis district of Memphis who is a strong Ford supporter. Still, while a freshman is given little au­ offices. Ford's style of representing his constitu­ thority with which to make himself known, On every other Saturday, Ford holds a ents is tailored for constant campaigning. He Ford has not been swamped by Washington's town hall meeting at a loc·al library or other has four district offices in Memphis. The fed­ waves. public place. The average attendance is about eral government pays the rent for three of He recently won election as secretary of 150 people, but he says about 800 or more those offices and Ford pays for the fourth out the Democrats' freshman class, a post from constituents have turned out a couple of of his own pocket. which he will help coordinate the regular times. Ford employs 18 full-time staff members Monday briefings for the party's newcomers. Another Saturday ritual for Ford includes in Memphis and Washington. Their salaries Shelby County Mayor Roy C. Nixon has what he calls, "walking my district." He sim­ are paid by the federal government. been impressed with Harold Ford's first-year ply goes out on the streets and shakes hands All his Memphis offices are open during performance as a member of Congress. "I with the voters. regular business hours. Ford's telephone have found him to be one of the most re­ The last Saturday of 1975 was a special day number is listed in the Memphis directory. sponsive elected officials for those things our for Ford's never-ending campaign. From his When Ford beat Rep. Dan Kuykendall, a office has contacted him on," says Nixon. storefront district office on South Lauderdale, Republican, .in 1974 to gain his seat in Con­ Mayor Wyeth Chandler isn't complaining the representative hit the streets with his gress, he told supportel,"s: "I assure you that either about Ford's record so far. He says the new year's gift to the voters-a calendar with you will not have trouble getting in touch freshman representative "has generally a color picture of the nation's Capitol and with your congressman when you have a backed the programs he has asked us to back the signature of Harold Ford. problem." and answered the questions we have asked A week earlier, Ford had put together 100 Ford has become more accustomed to the him to answer." food baskets for the needy with the help of ways of life in Washington as a member of Chandler, who has had at least one politi­ local merchants and grocers. , Congress after a year. He says the work is cal spat with Ford over a mayoral appointee Ford, a.s a member of Congress, gets 2,000 harder and the days longer than the job he to the local housing authority, rates the free calendars every two years. He picked up held for four years as a member of the Memphis representative as "very coopera­ another 2,000 from a fellow representative Tennessee General Assembly. tive." who doesn't use them. Life in Washington, however, is not with­ Harold Ford has come a long way up the So Harold Ford wa.s armed with 4,000 new out its moments of frustration and even political ladder since he was first elected to calendars. They went fast. First, Ford went embarrassment for a freshman representa­ the Tennessee General Assembly in 1970. His into a grocery store where he said what he tive. family has been helpful in his climb to usually does: "I just wanted to come by and For instance, take the time nearly a year prominence. say happy new year and give you this calen­ ago when Ford voted at a Democratic caucus His father, Newton J. Ford, 61, owns and dar." Ford even offered to hang the calendars to strip Rep. Wright Patman (D-Texas) of operates a funeral home in Memphis. Ford's himself. his chairmanship o! the House Banking brother, John, is a member of the City Col.m­ On down the streets went Ford, calling Committee. cil and the state Senate. Another brother, most people by their first names as he slapped After Ford recorded his vote against the Emmitt, is also a member of the state House backs and hands. He forged into liquor stores, veteran committee chairman, he strolled for of Representatives. barber shops, beauty salons and auto parts the first time down to the congressional din­ Ford got his first taste of polltics almost stores. "You're a fine young fellow," said ing room for lunch. An "older gentleman," 10 years ago when his father ran for a legis­ Gerald Clifton at the auto parts store. according to Ford, "asked me to join him. lative seat from Memphis. It was a losing Earnest Morgan, out for a Saturday stroll, I though he was a lobbyist or something." batle for the family patriarch, but the sart said Ford "is doing a fine job." Ford started the conversation by telling the of a successful political career for Harold Mrs. John Webster, another constituent, man how he had just voted. against Wright Ford. says the young representative "is doing great. Patman, because "I just thought it was time I don't say he's perfect, but at least he's for us to get a new face:• The climb hasn't been all easy, however. Ford's luncheon partner then stuck out In 1972, Ford, who was then a state repre­ trying." sentative, took a pauper's oath in circuit Another woman called out as Ford came his hand and said: "My name's Wright down the street, "he really gets with the Patman." court contesting more than $2,000 in judg­ people." A freshman representative, according to ments against him in back debts. Ford represents about 518,000 Memphis Washington manners, generally should be Ford now earns more than $44,000 a year in residents who live east of Perkins inside the seen and not heard in the halls of Congress salary as a representative. But even that sal­ Interstate 240 loop along with some in Park­ anyway. ary doesn't make him a wealthy man, even way Village, southwest Memphis and part of As a first-term representative, Ford gener­ with a travel allowance. Whitehaven. ally has filled that bill. And, he has appar­ Ford's financial plight, the result he says On Saturd.a.y nights, Ford tries to make ently kept his campaign promise to remain of running for state representative, was "just three or four appearances at local meetings available. one of those things. where he often speaks. While his voice seldom is heard during im­ "We've just about tied it all up now," he Sundays are just as busy. Ford usually portant debates in the U.S. House of Repre­ says with a smile. attends three or four church services during sentatives, Ford has been there most of the The costs of running an operation like the day and night. time, delivering his vote. Ford's political machine are high. He comes Church is important to Ford as a religious A high absentee rate in the Tennessee leg­ home every weekend and the government institution and as a political base. "It's. really islature, one of the complaints lodged against pays for only half of those trips. the strong point of my organization," he says. him in hls 1974 campaign, has given way "The worst part of my work ls traveling Sandwiched between all of Ford's weekend to a different record in Congress. back and forth," Ford said. "That's why I activity, there is usually time for some home­ Of the 590 recorded votes in the House cooked. meals. Spaghetti and meat balls is through Dec. 16, Ford voted in 531, a partici­ can't bring my wife up to Washington every one of his favorite meals. Another is neck pation record of 90 per cent. And those votes week.'' The Memphis representative manages to bones, white beans and turnip greens. usually were recorded in line with the mod~ Ford's busy weekends home in Memphis erate Mid-South Democratic majority. save a few dollars by buying his $153.46 air­ are by design. "You have to love it," says His biggest political plus during 1975, how­ line tickets in advance at a slight discount. the representa.tvie. "If you really love your ever, was gaining assignment to the House And when he makes a weekend speech for work it doesn't bother you." Ways and Me1U18 Committee, possibly the a fee somewhere in the South, Ford usually The long days away from Memphis and chamber's most influential committee. gets a free ride on the airplane to Memphis. January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1711 Ford feels like he must keep making the been in the past few years has electronic in society. The muggers and rapists are weekly junket from Washington to Memphis, burglar equipment that rivals the largest the victims of not only the police but however. "You made a promise at the banks to prevent burglary. The truth is it also society and the antiwar activists and beginning of the campaign and you have to only keeps the honest persons out. stick with it." Criminals steal guns and will continue to radicals who brandish machine guns and Although the money Ford earns is seldom do so. This is why the Guns Control Act is use dynamite are the visionaries of our enough to buy him a first-class airplane not working. I suggest that you send a large time. The draft dodgers in Canada and ticket home, he turned down a $1,000 cam­ red poster of the type I received to an judges Sweden are the true Americans, those paign contribution from a group associated in the United States adv-ising them that who went to Vietnam were misguided at with a local bank in early 1975 even though "Soft Judges Make Hard Criminals." worst and stupid at best. All authority is he owed a campaign debt of about $6,000. Please direct your work against the crim­ bad and therefore the children should So the young representative is spending inal and not give us gun dealers more paper­ tell their parents, not vice versa, the part of his time alone in Washington, part work. with his family in Memphis, and flying back Sincerely, prisoners should dictate terms to the and forth each week on airplanes he fears. RICHARD E. RENCH, jailers, the students tell the teachers and And how does he like being a member of President. the welfare classes tell the productive the U.S. House of Representatives? Mr. Speaker, this letter hits the issue worker what he must give them. Laugh "I love it," he said. if you will but it is deadly serious. Con­ "I don't think in terms of re-election," says right on the head. More of this should be done by the thousands of gun owners who servatives are bad guys, the liberals alone Ford, but still this year's campaign is on care. The United States is the threat to his mind. ar.; being assaulted daily in the press and the world, the Communists and the beg..­ Local Republicans would like to recapture by the liberal special interest gi·oups and gar nations called the third world will the seat in Congress they lost in 1974. GOP organizations. Congratulations to Dick State Rep. Brad Martin is considered among Rench. straighten things out. And yes, the aver­ those who might entertain the idea of tack­ In the Mansfield, Ohio, News-Journal, age law-abiding gun owner is the threat ling the incumbent under the right set of I have noted an increasing number of the criminal is not. Do not think this i ~ circumstances. letters to the editor both pro and con on Alice in Wonderland. This is the propa­ There also has been speculation that w. the antigun issue. Let us get that straight ganda battle in which you are engaged Otis Higgs, the former criminal court judge today and the stakes are very high. Get who ran second to Chandler in last year's right off the bat. The antigun people would like to label their battle as one into the fight, Mister Gun Owner and mayoral election, might consider a race use the legal means you have to defend against Ford. of gun control. It is not gun control, it your rights. Ford, however, remains confident. He says is an antigun drive. It may take the form his campaign network "is a little better or­ of a restriction here, a requirement there ganized now. With a year's experience and a or a proposal for bureaucratic study but good staff, the people will decide. it all adds up to the same target and that "I think the people will reward you." U.S. MUST MOVE FORWARD ON is a nationwide drive against firearms. ILLICIT DRUG CONTROL PROGRAM This letter by David H. Schuck typi­ fies the type of letters we should be writ­ ing to newspapers everywhere in the HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL GUN OWNERS SHOULD TAKE country. THE OFFENSIVE OF NEW YORK [From the Mansfield (Ohio) News-Journal, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dec. 8, 1975] Thursday, January 29, 1976 HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK I have just finished reading Rod Blahnik's letter on "tough federal gun laws." In it, Mr. OF OHIO Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the CoN­ Blahnik writes about "the big money gun GRESSIONAL RECORD of December 8 in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lobbyists'' and implies that the people sway­ cluded a detailed statement by the dis­ Thursday, January 29, 1976 ing our legislators against gun control are not legitimate voting citizens. I believe that, like tinguished Senate Majority Leader Mike Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, a prop­ many people today (including Rep. Conyers), MANSFIELD which was quite critical of aganda war is being waged. The target Mr. Blahnik has lost his grip on reality. If our country's international drug en­ is the law abiding American who owns you want to see which side of the issue the forcement efforts. The Senator uses an a gun. It is an insidious battle. It creeps big money is on, check out the assets of Sen. article entitled "The Drug Enforcement Ted Kennedy as well as the membership ros­ Agency Abroad" which appeared in the into panel shows on television. It is ob­ ters of anti-gun organizations such as Fund served in cartoon after cartoon on edi­ for Animals and Friends of Animals. November Foreign Service Journal as a torial pages of our newspapers. It is writ­ Living in today's society, we have been told basis for much of this criticism. His ten matter of factly into news stories. It time and again that, when confronted by a analysis of our drug policy together with crops up in biased polls. mugger or rapist or burglar, we should do certain erroneous assumptions must, I The gun owner should strike back. He, whatever he asks, give him all he asks for, feel, be brought to the attention of this too, must wage a determined battle and then, hopefully, he'll let us go unharmed. body lest we revert to totally unsatisfac­ After all, we are told, no possession is worth tory measures for dealing with this most against those who would encroach on his risking life and limb. Well, I'd say that it is a rights. He must insist that these same pretty sad state of affairs when people won't crucial rna tter. people who. would take away his firearm defend what is rightfully theirs. It is even The Senator finds fault with our in­ turn their attention to the punk and sadder when they can't. Gun control would ternational cooperative drug enforce­ thug who illegally use firearms, not the not take weapons out of the hands of crimi­ ment efforts and cites instances where farmer, small businessman, or factory nals; it would simply deprive the honest U.S. officials displace local law enforce­ worker who poses no danger to anyone. citizen of an equal chance against the armed ment agents in apprehending drug traf­ criminal, and rob him of the right to defend fickers. Such action, he claims, creates Typical of what I would like to see himself, his family, and his home. more of are these responses from two What this country needs is not more a cloud of ambivalence with respect to constituents. First, Dick Rench, realtor "tough federal gun laws," but tougher judges, our foreign policy and he alludes to the and gun enthusiast from Norwalk, Ohio, fewer legal loopholes, and bigger prisons. Too Journal article which cites "DEA catch­ recently fired off this letter to Wash­ many people today are concerned about the ing criminals-including Ameri-can ington: poor, socially-deprived criminal. It's about ·criminals-while U.S. consulates try to DECEMBER 31, 1975. time we started worrying more about his vic­ protect U.S. citizens' rights to the full­ DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, tims and· how they may defend themselves est." To conclude on this basis, as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Fireanns, against him. The pollee can do nothing until Senator does, that this country bears the Washington, D.C. the crime has already been committed. responsibility for the mistreatment of its DAVID H. SCHUCK. GENTLEMEN: Just received this date a own citizens jailed on narcotics charges large poster printed and mailed at Govern­ Mr. President, the nationwide drive ment expense stating "The Theft of Firearms is without foundation. by Criminals Is on the Rise". against firearms is a part of the overall Mr. Speaker, as an active advocate l)f How right you are; however, it is not the propaganda battle which has been waged penal reform in our own country, I would fault of us gun c;lealers, but the ridiculous during the p~st decade. The liberals be the last to condone reported acts of way criminals are released, even after re­ would turn everything upside down. The brutality inflicted upon our citizens ·in­ peated offenses. Every gun shop that I have FBI, CIA and the police are the problem carcerated in other countries; to this ex- 1712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 tent, I strongly support investigations cRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM COSTS sian-hit industries are insufficient -to meet which have been undertaken by several The proportion of state and local police the benefit load. The total borrowing by of my colleagues on the issue and am as salaries, estimated share of state and local these states now exceeds $2 billion. Unless concerned as they are for a prompt re­ legal, court and corrections costs and fed­ Congress approves higher employer taxes eral correction costs devoted to drug-related recommended by the Administration, the dress. At the same time, however, we crime and offenders totals $620 million. combined deficit in Federal and state trust must insist on the apprehension of those funds is expected to pass $22 billion by 197~ . who are feeding this deadly poison to our PROPERTY LOSS Even more distressing in human terms 1s Nation's youth regardless of what side of The drug-related socia.l cost of income­ the rapid rise in the number of idle workers the border they come from. The fact that producing crime committed. to support hero­ who are exhausting all the payments to in habits is estimated at $6.3 billion. This which they are entitled without yet being leaders of many nations can come to­ figure is derived by multiplying the number able to find new jobs. The normal" six-month gether and effect such control efforts of addicts times the days per year of heroin maximum for benefit payments has been ex­ should be a recognized achievement and use times the average cost per day of habit tended to 15 months through a series of not negated. times a. fencing factor for stolen goods. Federally-financed emergency programs au­ Mr. Speaker, the distinguished Sena­ DmECT PROGRAM COSTS thorized by Congress and approved by Presi­ tor's statement could not come at a more Government and private efforts devoted to dent Ford. inopportune time. The Senate Subcom­ drug abuse education, treatment, rehabilita­ Yet, even with these liberalizations, the mittee on Foreign Operations will soon be tion and drug traffic prevention cost an esti­ Labor Department estimates that upward of mated $1.1 billion annually. 2.5 million workers wm use up all the ben­ considering the funding level for our eft ts for which they are legally eligible in the contribution to the United Nations Fund Mr. Speaker, given the foregoing, I first quarter of 1976. Neither the White for Drug Abuse Control-The Fund-and find it difficult to conceive how we can House nor Congress plans any further exten­ it is imperative that we at least continue provide the necessary resources and sions-in part, because constantly extended our contribution at the present funding wherewithal to join hands with an ad­ benefits paid out of general revenues would level. Through The Fund we have been versary in order to explore the unknown negate the insurance principle and convert most effective in impacting on those cam­ the system into a variant of publlc welfare. and at the same time listen to sugges­ The hardships which mass exhaustion of paigns designed to interdict and eradi­ tions that we tum inward in our battle benefits will inflict on workers and their cate illicit narcotics throughout the against drug abuse. To breach a number families, plus the spreading crisis in state world. Crop replacement, air and ground of agreements that we have made over insurance reserves, make it clear that the surveillance to guard against unauthor­ time, which require that we join with nation must accord much higher priority to ized poppy planting, and the U.N. Cen­ the international community in resolv­ full employment than does the President in tral Training Unit are examples of ac­ ing this problem, would be an affront to his State of the Union and economic mes­ tivities that The Fund has provided. sages. Up to now the Democrats in control our neighbors around the world and a on Capitol H111 have been almost as derelict In connection with the training func­ disservice to the American people. as the White House in this field, confining tion it is important to note that both themselves to pie-in-the-sky programs with Customs and drug enforcement officials no real chance of passage. have been invited to participate and However, Senator Humphrey says that the have according to the United Nations, somewhat visionary Full Employment Bill THE URGENT NEED FOR FULL EM­ which he co-sponsored in the last Congress cont;ibuted an invaluable service to ~he PLOYMENT LEGISLATION program. Our internation~l. c~operat.Ive is being rewritten along more realistic lines. To the extent that the revised measure offers efforts simply cannot be mmrmiZed. High genuine hope for putting the unemployed level reports and my own direct involve­ HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS back to work without reigniting the infla­ ment with leaders of other nations sug­ OF CALIFORNIA tionary fires, it wm represent an invaluable gest that we must i?tensif! our e~orts contribution towar4 meeting the country's in educating others m the mternat10nal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most pressing domestic need. arena on ways by which we can, together, Thursday, January 29, 1976 effectively control this deadly menace. Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would our contribution to the fund is mini­ like to call the House's attention to the mal in comparison with the tremendous excellent editorial appearing in today's HOLY NAME HOSPITAL cost to this country's community-at­ New York Times. This editorial describes large both in taxpayers' dollars-now the crisis situation confronting the Na­ estimated to be $12 billion and upward­ tion in terms of the eminent exhaustion HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE and the untold number of broken homes of unemployment benefits of 2.5 million OF NEW JERSEY and other forms of human suffering that workers during the first quarter of 1976. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the problem of drug abuse causes. To The Times then goes on to point out the Thursday, January 29, 1976 further illustrate my point, I need only urgent need for full employment legisla­ to bring to my colleagues' attention a tion introduced by Senator HUMPHREY Mr. MAGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, Holy summation of a social cost study which and myself, together with Representative Name Hospital of Teaneck, N.J., recently was prepared several years ago by the REuss, and cosponsored by over a hun­ marked its first 50 years of dedicated Special Action Office for Drug Abuse dred other Senators and Congressmen, service. Prevention. The study reported the fol­ H.R. 50 and S. 50, which draft legislation The Holy Name Hospital School of lowing: should be ready in revised form within 1 Nursing is the largest hospital school in SociAL CosT STUDY New Jersey, and the devotion and hu­ or 2 weeks from this date. manitarian approach of the nurses and HEALTH COSTS The editorial follows: doctors, under the direction of Sister Under this category, the number of pri­ UNINSURED JOBLESS Evelyn, indicates the service that all marily drug-related emergency room visits, The State of New Jersey's intention to bor­ and inpatient general care and mental hos­ those who have needed help have received row $300 million from the Federal Govern­ from Holy Name Hospital. pital days devoted to the treatment of drug ment this year to keep its overstrained un­ disorders accounted for almost $200 million. employment insurance fund from going The regional hemodialysis center, the PRODUCTIVITY LOSSES broke is dramatic evidence of the crushing institute of prenatal studies, the self­ For those drug abusers who are employed burden joblessness is putting on employers, care unit, and the poison control center or looking for work, productivity losses of who pay the taxes to support the Federal­ meet and respond to the needs of the approximately $1.5 billion can be assumed state job benefit system. community in an extraordinary manner. based on the number of drug-related deaths New Jersey, with an unemployment rate Teaneck's Holy Name Hospital and all far above the intolerably high national level, its centers of study, research and services and consequent foregone earnings; number already owes Washington $400 million in drug-related inpatJ.ent hospital days result­ funds it borrowed to defray past shortages. are geared toward improving the quality ing 1n foregone productJ.vlty costs; and esti­ It is one of 16 states which, along with the of life of all people. mated. number of unemployed individualS District of Columbia. and Puerto Rico. are The Holy Name Hospital will continue whose unemployment is associated with drug currently in debt to the Federal Government to serve, in the years ahead, in its tradi­ use. because direct payroll taxes from their reces- tions of care and caring. January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1713

NEW WO~K FOR PUBLIC WORKS provement -of our inland· waterway sy~tem; by public works and transportation · are _ and an investigation of the Federal Govern­ many. ment's role in waterborne transportation. I A long-range goal of our expanded Com• HON. RAY ROBERTS .· · - will cGmment· on each of these Committee mittee ls to submit an overall plan of im­ OF TEXAS «~nsidera.tions. provement for the inland navjgation system Some modifications of the Water Pollution that will maximize its net· contribution to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Public the Nation's total transportation system. It Thursday, January 29, 1976 Law 92-500) are being considered in this is important to maintain the dimensions session, but ·a decision on the majority of and operating conditions ot waterways so Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, I have proposals is being deferred until the National that they are safe and· economical for water· recently noted with great interest an Commission on water Quality submits Its borne commerce, but we do not want a dis­ article in the Corps of Engineers' Water report on the economic, social, and environ· proportionate investment of time and effort Spectrum magazine by our esteemed col­ mental effects of achieving the emuent limi­ on any particular navigation feature. league, BoB JoNES of Alabama, the chair­ tations required by 1983. Additional legisla­ AN EMPLOYMENT PLAN man of the Committee on Public Works tion on water resources development may be required this year--depending on the sub· The Committee's long-range focus is eco~ and Transportation, who has long been mission of Corps of Engineers project re­ nomic development through "investment nationally recognized as an expert and ports. Also, under the authority of Section planning." By way of further explanation, leader in the programs under the juris­ 80 of the Water Resources Development Act we want to implement programs that will diction of his committee. of 1974, the Water Resources Council is develop depressed areas and increase em­ Mr. Speaker, I insert for the REcoRD a studying the principles and standards used ployment. And we can use public works and copy of the article contained in the in formulating and evaluating water re­ transportation policies to do so. sources projects · and the means of dividing Among the pieces of legislation intended Water Spectrum. and I recommend it to to stimulate employment is the Emergency all Members: Federal and non-Federal cost sharing for such projects. Its recommendations of Local Public Works and Capital Develop· NEW WORK FOR PUBLIC WORKS major importance to the future of water re· ment Investment Act of 1975. It authorizes The House Committee on Public Works and sources development, are expected later this up to $5 billion for direct, 100 percent grants­ Transportation exercises legislative authority year. · in-aid to State and local governments tor over a broad sweep of national activities that More specifically, the Committee wants to - COllStruction,repair, or other improvement of profoundly influence the George Wallace," Azbell remarked. year, 13 cases of this disease were re­ in 1955, had little to say during the boycott Another ironic twist may be the occasional and less to say today. He refused to be inter­ meetings these days between Edgar Nixon ported in the Milan Hospital. Let me add viewed. and Clyde Sellers, the hard-line segregation­ that there is no known cure for this dis­ Ruppenthal was the city's first Roman ist police commissioner at the time of Rosa ease. Catholic police chief and therefore was under Parks' arrest and the bus boycott. Sellers This enabling legislation was an ex­ some suspicion in this largely Protestant was one of the black community's toughest treme measure, but due to the severity area. He once ordered one of the city's two antagonists in those days. of the situation, a necessary measure. black policemen to accompany Edgar Nixon They are probably the only two persons At the outset, the issue surrounding the home with $700 collected at a mass boycott from the episode who still see each other rally. There were rumors that Ruppenthal regularly. Both are members of a senior citi­ eradication of the birds seemed to be of had sympathy for the blacks. Today he is a zens aid committee. an environmental and economic nature, Circuit Court bailiff in Montgomery. Nixon said he was introduced at a meet­ but as time progressed, health quickly The Rev. Ralph Abernathy, who worked ing of their senior citizens group, whereupon became the overriding issue. There could side by side with Edgar Nixon and King, and Sellers said, "I know that gentleman. We be no more of the time-consuming ac­ was King's companion during the civil rights were on different sides of the fence then." tion required by court orders. movement, today is leading a march in Mis­ Nixon said he told Sellers, "Yes, and I'm Time has been of the essence and with sissippi on behalf of a black youth sentenced not sure you still aren't on the same side." each passing day, the possibility of an­ to death in the slaying of a white woman. In an interview, Sellers said, "I was a W. A. (Packy) Gayle, mayor of Montgomery segregationist, and I'm still a segregationist, other child or an adult, for that matter, in 1955, has been dead about 10 years. Clif­ but I believe every man has his rights. The being struck with histoplasmosis, has ford J. Durr, one of the whites who offered boycott's over and done with and dead and grown greater and greater. to sign Mrs. Parks' bond, died a year ago. gone. It was a lost weekend. The only thing I am hopeful that the eradication pro­ K. H. Bagley, the bus company manager, also I hate is that Martin Luther King had to gram can be undertaken as quickly as is dead. end up the way he did." proper certifications by Governors Ray One of the more interesting figures in the Blanton and Julian Carroll are made. On boycott episode was Juliette Morgan, a white librarian who gained brief national fame for behalf of the people of Tennessee, I a poignant letter she wrote to the Mont­ USE OF TERGITOL ON ROOSTS OF would like to offe·r my thanks for the gomery newspaper in which she sympathized BLACKBIRDS responsive action taken by this body. with the black bus boycott: "It is hard to imagine a soul so dead, a heart so hard, a vision so blinded and pro­ HON. ED JONES vincial as not to be moved with admiration, OF TENNESSEE THE PRESIDENT'S PRAYER BREAK­ at the quiet dignity, discipline and dedica­ FAST tion with which the Negroes have conducted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their boycott." Thursday, January 29, 1976 Miss Morgan committed suicide about a year later. According to some reports, she Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, HON. MILLICENT FENWICK did so because of harassment from whites. earlier this week, the House passed, by OF NEW JERSEY Mrs. Jo Ann Robinson was the woman who unanimous consent, H.R. 11510, an emer­ wrote the first pamphlets about the boycott gency bill allowing the States of Tennes­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that flooded the black areas. She now lives see and Kentucky an exemption from Thursday, January 29, 1976 in Los Angeles. certain provisions of the National En­ Mrs. FENWICK. Mr. Speaker, at the The pamphlets showed up in the Negro vironmental Pesticide Control Act. sections on Saturday but it is unlikely the President's prayer breakfast this morn­ proposed boycott would have received major That bill will allow both States to ing, during which our colleague, Repre­ publicity had not a story about it appeared spray the chemical Tergitol on roosts of sentative RICHARDEON PREYER, presided, on the front page of the Sunday Montgomery blackbirds in areas that are certified as and Senators ALLEN and HATFIELD spoke, Advertiser. emergency areas by the Governors of the President quoted Benjamin Franklin NAACP leader Edgar Nixon had tipped off both States and the Secretary of the in~ , passage particularly relevant to our Joe Azbell, the Advertiser's city editor, about Interior. I would like to take this oppor­ deliberations in this. House. the boycott. The· four-paragraph story of tunity to commend the bipartisan effort Mrs. Parks' arrest Thursday had appeared on the part of both the Tennessee and The President said: on Page 9 of Friday's paper. But as more Kentucky delegations that made the pas­ Benjamin Franklin, addressing himself to information became available about the like­ religious faith and worship of God in the lihood of a massive boycott, the story be­ sage of this bill possible. society in which he lived, told the framers came more important. Speaking for my own Seventh District of the Constitution: "Without God's con­ Azbell's front page story Sunday outlined of Tennessee, this legislation is extremely curring aid, we shall succeed in this political plans for the boycott and the details of the important to the people of west Tennes­ building no better than the builders of Babel. planning. see. They have been attempting to com­ We shall be divided by our little, partial, local The next day, Monday, Azbell attended a bat this growing nuisance for a number interests. Our projects will be confounded mass meeting of 5,000 blacks at the Holt St. of years without much success due to the and we ourselves shall become a byword and Baptist Church. He then wrote a column that interest in the eradication of the birds a reproach down to future ages... surprised many whites because it praised the Often, as I walk into the office, I realize Negroes for their discipline and described from several out of State animal protec­ that man's wisdom and strength are not the warmth and feeling at the meeting. tionist organizations. sufficient, so I try to pract ice the truth of Many whites had thought the meeting might I would like to take this opportunity proverbs 3: 5-6: "Trust in the Lord with all erupt into violence throughout the city. to share with this body the problems that thy heart; lean not on thine own under­ Azbell today is Alabama Gov. George C. these flocks of birds have posed for my standing; in all thy ways acknowledge Him Wallace's chief publicist, as he has been for area. and He shall direct thy path." January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1717 NEW NATURAL GAS NOT WORTH 42 Deregulation in the absence of govern­ tainty. As long as produce1·s believe there TIMES THE REGULATED PRICE ment access to the same 1·ese1-ve and produc­ is a good chance that they may enjoy de­ tion data available to the industry and the regulated prices tomorrow, they are not likely authority to order maXimum production or to strive for maximum production today. HON. ANDREW MAGUIRE lose lease rights on existing federal lands First and foremost, the bill establishes would, in my opinion, be sheer folly. parity between the interstate and intrastate OF NEW JERSEY It is no less attractive in the phased set­ markets by setting a single pricing system IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ting as contemplated by the Senate passed for all gas. Thursday, Janua1·y 29, 1976 Pearson-Bentsen btll, S. 2310. Because in the Prices set by the bill would be adjusted for present non-competitive market in which oil inflation, and could be raised by showing Mr. MAGUffiE. Mr. Speaker, my prices are set, immediate or phased dereg­ the Federal Power Commission that actual friend and colleague from New Jersey's ulation is tantamount to a surrender an­ costs are not recouped but, aside from these Second Congressional District, WILLIAM nouncement to the oil exporting nations. adjustments, will remain in force for five J. HUGHES, put the controversy over reg­ Clearly, we cannot permit our energy pol­ years. icy to be determined by nations that pro­ Other sections establish a fair system for ulation versus deregulation in proper duce oil for 11 cents a barrel and sell it to allocating existing supplies throughout the perspective through his testimony Janu­ us for $12. country, incorporates conservation features ary 22 before the House Interstate and THE COST OF DEREGULATION and, provides for the forfeiture of non pro­ Foreign Commerce Subcommittee on In the last few weeks, in separate reports ducing leases, and, as even deregulation ad­ Energy and Power. issued by the Library of Congress and the vocates now endorse, phases out the use of Working with the General Accounting General Accounting Office, we are able to as­ natural gas as a boiler fuel. Office's own estimate of obtainable pro­ sess the economic trade-offs that would fol­ Philosophically, I do not advocate tight duction additions available through de­ low House agreement to the Pearson-Bentsen government regulation. In a competitive in­ regulation within 3 years, Congressman bill. dustry, the fewer controls the better-the The GAO, citing what it believes are ob­ market will set the price. HUGHES concludes that the 400 billion But we need only examine the most com­ cubic feet of natural gas has a hidden tainable goals under deregulation, forecasts a difference of an additional 400 billion cubic monly cited argument for deregulation to price tag of $22.50 per thousand cubic feet of natural gas over what would be pro­ expose the myth of competition in the on feet. This contrasts with the current av­ duced in three years should regulation con­ and gas industry. erage regulated price of 53 cents per tinue. 21 YEARS OF REGULATION thousand cubic feet. The Library of Congress' December 31 es­ The most absurd assertion, usually com­ And that, Congressman HuGHEs testi­ timate of the first-year impact of gas dereg­ pounded by the appearance of a full page fied, is a conservative estimate. ulation to consumers is in the range of $12.8 ad is that the Congress and the Federal Power It did not consider the near certainty to $14.9 billion for little, if any, additional Commission are responsible for the present of a new price increase that would surely supply. This is because of the two to three crisis by keeping prices artiflcally low year lead time between accelerated explora­ through 21 years of federal regulation. be dictated by the OPEC oil ca.rtel which tion and marketing of new commercial quan­ Up until 1968, when President Nixon was would be in the driver's seat once dereg­ tities of gas. elected on a pledge to reduce federal regula­ ulation occurs. What we would not have to await is an tion, we had all the natural gas we thought Mr. HuGHES, in his statement, offers energy shock throughout the economy. we could possibly use. alternatives to capitulating to the inter­ The Library of Congress further estimates The producers, the pipelines and the dis­ national oil cartel and its multinational the ripple effect of $13 to $15 billion as likely tributors couldn't sell it fast enough. They oil corporation partners. to produce an inflationary rate of between entered into 10, 15 and 20-year contracts. I commend Congressman HuGHES for 1.2 and 1.4 percentage points. Unemploy­ Discounts were given to builders who agreed ment is forecast to increase by several hun­ to pipe in gas to housing developments. his presentation and urge, Mr. Speaker, dred thousand. For many years after the Supreme Court that our colleagues consider the issues he And for what? To transfer dollars from ordered the F.P.C. to regulate gas prices at raises which I submit at this point in consumers to producers on the somewhat the wellhead in 1954, the industry continued the RECORU: shaky premise that these mega-bucks will be to get a better price on the interstate market STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE WILLIAM J. invested in starches for new gas supplies in than within producing states. HUGHES sufficient quantities to make it all worth­ This remained the case until late 1970 while. Mr. Chairman, distinguished Members of when interstate gas was sold at a good profit Further, we have no guarantee that this for an average price of 29 cents per thousand this Subcommittee. new found wealth would be reinvested in ex­ It was predicted six months ago that by cubic feet in both markets. ploration at all. It could just as easily be Proven reserves in fact peaked at 292.9 now we might be meeting to discuss long­ used to purchase department stores or a term resolution of the natural gas "emer­ trillion cubic feet in 1968 but, despite signif­ three ring circus. icant price increases in recent years, con­ gency amid the backdrop of industrial plant A commendation is in order at this point closings and thousands of new unemployed. tinues to decline. to the Chairman and the majority on this Coinciding with a decline and revision of As the representative of an area with num­ Subcommittee who drew the line on dereg­ erous factories that use natural gas as a reserve estimates was a gradual shift to the tllation and, instead, approved limited de­ unregulated intrastate market which became feedstock, the thought of such a prospect is regulated sales to interstate commerce for best not dwelled upon. a stampede in the winter of 1973 where gas this winter season and next. producers were obtaining cartel prices. From all indications, most if not all sec­ Because despite what those in the industry tions of the country will likely ride out this Since 1970, more than 90 percent of re­ say publicly, Mr. Chairman, this issue has serve additions in the lower 48 states have winter's shortage originally forecast to be as not been studied to death and won't be as great as 52 percent of the contract commit­ been dedicated to the intrastate market. long as this Committee continues to have its In the meantime on federal lands, where ments of several interstate pipelines. requests for reserve and production esti­ A warmer winter, some say. gas discoveries are by law dedicated to the mates denied on grounds of protecting pro­ interstate regulated system, discoveries and Add to that emergency purchases of nat­ prietary information. ural gas by interstate pipelines, the utiliza­ production continued a rapid decline. tion of more expensive fuel substitutes and, AN ALTERNATIVE TO CAPITULATION Which brings forth a second industry ar­ I would add, the scrutiny of this and other My constituents and those of many other gument, that of industry concentration. It Congressional Committees, and this winter's Congressmen are on the receiving end of is said that there are some 30,000 producers; supply picture has considerably improved. interstate pipelines. In the case of my South that the four major oil companies control Now those who overstated this winter's Jersey district, we have one pipeline, one but 24 percent of the market and that the emergency are advising this Committee that distributor and no choice. 8 largest firms 42 percent, low when com­ our long-term interests are best served by In the next few days, I will be introduc­ pared to other industries. deregulation, phased or sudden. These dereg­ ing for reference to this Subcommittee leg­ INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION ulation advocates include not only the gas islation which in my opinion will insure Dr. David Schwartz, former Assistant industry but the Federal Energy Adminis­ maximum domestic production at lowest pos­ Chief of the Office of Economics at the Fed­ t ration and the reluctant regulators at the sible consumer prices. eral Power Commission, draws an important Federal Power Commission as well. It presents au alternative to capitulation distinction between market holdings and I suggest, Mr. Chairman, that they are to the OPEC cartel and the major multina­ new reserves. In the latter category, an FPC guilty of overstating their case once again. tional oil companies by establishing a fair study found that the eight largest natural I do not doubt that production is declln­ price for natural gas and procedures to end gas companies which, not incidentally, are ing, that is obvious. What I do question Is the wasteful misallocation of this precious among the largest oil producers, control be­ the industry's assessment at how we arrived resource that has resulted from the lack of tween 62 percent and 99 percent of new re­ at where we are today and where we go from a uniform and coherent national policy. serves depending on the gas field involved. here. Most importantly, it would end uncer- And there are not 30,000 producers operat- 1718 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 ing offshore where the Interior Department Law, I was recently furnished a copy of a $12 to $15 billion price tag affixed by the through witless leasing policies has assisted <:lassie cartel contract under negotiation be­ Library. industry concentration to a handful of majo.r tween Arco a.hd a California utility. Finally, nowhere . does the GAO report firms. It said. simply, that 1n no case wlll gas be examine the option of regulating the intra­ Eight major finns control 70 percent of the sold for less than the maximum price then state market as an alternative to the status available known supplies of natural gas on­ being obtained by any supplier of Alaskan quo or deregulation. shore and o1Ishore South Louisiana, four of pipeline gas. Were I an antitrust lawyer at A flnal argument could be made that even which hold nearly 50 percent; the eight the Justice Department, I would gladly vol­ 400 billion cubic feet at an exorbitant rate largest firms in the Texas Gulf Co.ast control unteer to prosecute that case. is better than no new gas at all. I disagree 90 percent of available new gas not yet under These, then, are several arguments and that we necessarily have to make such a contract there. the four largest just llnder rebuttals to deregulation. choice. 80 percent. It may be that what this nation needs is Uncertainty is the real culprit. I am not In the combined fields, eight majors con­ a restructuring of the oil industry rather convinced that this 1s an either/or situation. trol three-quarters of the new gas finds with than deregulation of natural gas prices. The establishment of parity between the the concentration ratio around 50 percent As a member of the Judiciary Committee, interstate and intrastate system that pro­ for the four major firms. An eight firm con­ I am currently reviewing the legal obstacles vides for a good return on investment may centration ratio of 50 percent or more is gen­ to the timely prosecution of antitrust suits. very well be all that is required to again erally regarded as indicative of non-competi­ There is no reason why antitrust suits at attract exploration investments. tive structure within a given industry. the Federal Trade Commission and in the In the final analysis, the central question Is it really any wonder, then, given the Justice Department should drag on for years is not as complex as the side issues. level of industry concentration in our regu­ without resolution. What we must decide is whether we can lated offshore waters, that these are not The Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee afford to let an international oil cartel and being produced with all due haste? The pros­ on Monopolies and Commercial Law con­ the multinational oil corporations which owe pect of total deregulation by 1981 as con­ tinues to hold hearings on legislation that allegiance to no nation determine our future templated by the Pearson-Bentsen bill and would accomplish vertical and/or horizontal energy policies. An industry that can set an initial price hike to $1.60 per thousand divestiture of the oil industry. the price for gas and oil wlll ultimately cubic feet would make it all worth waiting Pending the outcome of these hearings, it determine the price for alternative fuels as for. is a serious mistake to precipitously deregu­ well. An industry that powerful will soon be More than 750 or 52 percent of the 1,497 late natural gas prices and further surrender telling the government how much tax it will leases in the Gulf of Mexico are in nonpro­ the power of the government to keep any pay and under what conditions it wm con­ ducing status. Those that are. according to lid at all on prices. tinue to supply this nation with energy. testimony before the Senate Antitrust and THE GAO BLUNDER Clearly this we cannot permit. Monopoly Committee are operating at less In cl'Osing, permit me to comment on the than half capacity. principal conclusion, and therefore the prin­ The number of leases in extended term, at cipal blunder, contained in the January 14 last count, was 74. By law, the Interior De­ General Accounting Office report entitled: LEAKING OF INJ,"'ELLIGENCE partment is empowered to yank those leases "Implications of Deregulating The Price on and resell them to another buyer who can Natural Gas." come across with a reliable production plan. Total new gas discoveries under deregula­ HON. HENRY J. HYDE To determine why these offshore reserves tion would amount to approximately 400 btl­ OF ILLINOIS are not being developed, I sought and was lion cubic feet more after three years when granted the right to intervene in current compared to continued regulation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proceedings before the F.P.C. into the status This, trumpets the report, could reduce Thursday, January 29, 1976 of nonproducing reserves. our oil imports by 750,000 barrels per day and It was a real education. Producer witness improve our balance of payments by up to Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, this morn­ after producer witness claimed equipment $3 blllion. ing's Washington Post contained the shortages, lack of capital and repair delays While 400 billion cubic feet of natural gas comments of Eric Sevareid concerning as excuses for nonproduction. sounds impressive in isolation it is, after an, the unfortunate situation we find our­ Yet while these producers were shouting only a two percent increase over the 19.4 trll­ selves in regarding oversight of our equipment shortages to the F.P.C. across llon cubic feet o! natural gas that the GAO country's intelligence community. The town, at the Export-Import Bank, interna­ estimates wm be available under continued tional representatives for the very same firms regulation. leaking of the proposed report of the were whispering surplus into the ears of The total additional cost to consumers Select Committee on Intelligence to the those from whom they were seeking loan under deregulation is estimated by the media indicates a fatal weakness in per­ guarantees. G.A.O. at $9 billion. So; for $9 b1llion, indus­ mitting access to information concern­ This, then, is the root of the suspicion of trial, commercial and residential users would ing covert operations to large groups many in this country who believe we'll get have access to an additional 400 bllllon cubic possessing varying degrees of reliability. all the gas we need domestically at $2.50 or !eet of natural gas which is the equivalent I should like to share Mr. Sevareid's more per thousand cubic feet, or whatever of $22.50 per thousand cubic feet. the escalating cost of Btu equivalent alter­ comments with my colleagues: Thus, for a two percent increase in natural COMM'ENTS OF ERIC SEVAREID native fuels is six months or a year from gas supplies through deregulation the con­ today. sumer would pay 42 times the current The Senate's doubt about Mr. Bush's suit­ I do not share the belief that production regulated price. And that is a conservative ab111ty springs from his career in party poli­ wm suddenly leap upon deregulation, but I estimate. tics ... A more real question is his tough­ am dead certain that whatever we do get Where the GAO report errs, fatally, is in ness. The CIA requires a man with a touch we'll pay cartel prices for it. of ruthless, to keep the CIA activities within forecasting figures based upon the pre­ the bounds of common sense, but also to AUTOS AND ENERGY posterous assumption that the OPEC oil stand against the current crop of zealots, To the argument that the gas industry is cartel, now in the driver's seat with deregu­ including some congressmen and their assist­ no more concentrated than, say, the auto­ lation, will not act to recoup any loss in ants who do not seem to care how badly this mobile industry, the obvious reply is that you revenues occasioned by a drop in U.S. oil weapon for security is weakened in a rough can take a bus, ride a bike, or keep the repair imports. world. shop happy. There are alternatives which The GAO compounds its error by assuming New supervisory monitoring machinery automobile manufacturers must keep in in the ten-year life of its study ( 1975-1985) can be tried but it will not solve the dilemma mind in pricing their product, but there is that the international market will remain of a democracy struggling short of war, but only one commodity that can come out of the stable with no OPEC price hikes. worldwide, with ~ totalitarian regime: The end of that pipe to heat your home or run There ar·e other serious deficiencies in the need for frequent secrecy versus the need of our factories. latest GAO report-assumptions which, I am congress and the public to know what 1s be­ A constant supply of new energy, unlike sure, many on this Subcommittee have ing done in the country's name. Solution is a constant supply of new cars, has become a already challenged. impossible, a better balance 1s not . . . necessity of life. During this period of ex­ The report in assessing consumer impact, We've had CIA officials domestically break­ treme shortage, thoughtful allocation of this for example, considers a rise in natural gas ing the domestic law in the name of some resource is essential. prices to the Btu equivalency of crude oil higher law of their own selection. We've had Unlike the auto industry, gas producers (about $1.70 per Mcf) rather than to its congressmen breaking solemn agreements don't offer rebates to stimulate sales. actual rivals, propane and No. 2 fuel oil with executives by leaking classified informa­ A final word on the implications of price which have a Btu price equivalent of around tion in the name of higher laws o! their fixing, especially as it bears on new con­ $2.50 per Mcf. The latter estimate, again by selection. We've had journalists breaking tracts suggested by the few producers of the Library of Congress, is more reliable their word on information received off the Alaskan natural gas. since it measures comparable fuels. record by leaking it to other journalists ... As a member of the House Judiciary Sub­ This accounts for the first-year impact And we've had much worse. We've hM committee on Monopolies and Commercial difference of $9 blllion by the GAO and the American zealots publishing the names of January 29, 1916 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1719 American intelligence personnel, which in By proposing a deflationary economic pol­ birthday ball was a sparkling way to kick this time of terrorists everywhere increases icy, the President is gambling that inflation off the community's Bicentennial, and the risk of kidnapping and murder . . . To is a more serious liabllity than unemploy­ it attracted a spirited crowd of over 750 do this is to commit the moral equivalent ment (which runs counter to the traditional of treason, treason to the very humanitarian political principle that the unemployment residents. principles the zealots think they are uphold­ rate is the most sensitive statistic in a cam­ It was my great privilege to address ing. When these agents die-and they are paign). this distinguished gathering of Scran­ not all American nationals by any means­ Reflecting his polling data, which show tonians, and, under the leadership of they die as anonymously as ·they live. So we that his position on law enforcement was Bicentennial Coordinator David Wenzel may never know. not clear to the American people, the Presi­ and Bicentennial Citizens Chairman dent, in an unusually lengthy section of his Betty Fleth, a number of our leading speech, mapped his anti-crime proposals, in­ citizens participated in the evening's STATE OF THE UNION, 1976 cluding longer and mandatory prison terms program. The Reverend Vernon Searfoss and more federal prisons. He also followed the polls by focusing principally on the domestic served as toastmaster fo1· the evening HON. LEE H. HAMILTON economy. He devoted less than % of his and introduced a program of speakers such as Rev. Kenneth Trexler, St. Peter's OF INDIANA speech to foreign policy and called for mili­ tary power without equal and an intelligence Lutheran Church, and Rt. Rev. Anthony IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capability that is the best in the world. He M. Rysz, Bishop of the Polish National Thursday, January 29, 1976 was not specific on how he would reform the Catholic Church; Hon. James J. Walsh, nation's intelligence services. Some of his Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I in­ Lackawanna County court judge; Mrs. sternest language dealt with his concern that Jeanne Madden Martin, who led the clude my Washington Report entitled, Congress has imposed unwarranted restric­ group in song; Mayor Eugene Peters, and "State of the Union, 1976": tions on foreign policy. He appealed for Miss Mary Savage, the Bicentennial Logo STATE OF THE UNION, 1976 "strong central direction" of American for­ eign policy. Award Winner. In the 188th State of the Union Message Mr. Speaker, the city has adopted an given by an American president, President Politically, it was obvious that the Presi­ Ford, appealing for a "new realism", struck dent was seeking to place himself on the con­ ambitious program of events for the com­ the grand design of his 1976 campaign for the servative middle ground. He swiped at Gov­ ing year that will involve all segments Presidency: a reduced role for government, ernor Reagan's controversial proposal for a of the community and touch all phases the focus on domestic, rather than foreign $90 billion cut-back in federal welfare spend­ of our Bicentennial program. In the affairs, a bigger defense budget, tax incen­ ing by saying that we cannot drop welfare coming months there will be special cele­ tives to spur the economy, and the consoli­ into the laps of state and local government. brations in our schools, a town meeting dation of many federal programs with more But he also rejected proposals that the fed­ to openly discuss the needs and problems flexibility given to the states and localities eral government be the employer of last re­ sort and that larger public jobs and public of the city, a "Trash Ball" combined with in their use of federal money. environmental improvement programs, The President's address, wliich will proba­ works programs be undertaken. He proposed bly be his most important speech this year, a catastrophic health insurance program lim­ recreation, and n'umerous other cultural, was substantially more upbeat than his ad­ ited to the elderly and abandoned entirely historical, and social activities, all de­ dress last year when he said that the State his support for national health insurance. signed to stress that the Bicentennial in of the Union was not good. This year, taking The President is on sound ground in urg­ Scranton will not be a spectator sport a favorable view of the state of the nation's ing that the deficit in the Social Security but will be open to participants from all health, he said, "The state of the union is Fund be closed. To shore up the Social Se­ across the community. better-in many respects a lot better-but curity System, which he said was headed for The city of Scranton has set numerous still not good enough." The prevailing tone trouble, he called for an increase in the tax goals to making the Bicentennial a of the speech was optimistic. rate, but he rever~ed his position of last year Repeatedly he used the Bicentennial theme and endorsed the payment to social security meaningful experience: to contribute to and references to the founding fathers to recipients of the full cost of living increase the national Bicentennial celebration, to call the nation back to the great pl'inciples due this year. The debate in the Congress on establish greater civic pride, to reaffirm upon which it was founded. He employed this proposal will come on whether the in­ the ideals of the American Revolution, to the phrase "common sense" often, draw­ creased taxes should be raised as the Presi­ increase our awareness of the rich cul­ ing from Tom Paine's revolutionary war dent suggests by higher taxes on workers and tural heritage of northeastern Pennsyl­ publication of that title. He stressed that employers, or by a combination of a rate vania, to improve the quality of life in America in the recent past has over­ increase and a rise in the income base to America, and to leave a lasting reminder reached itself, suggested that massive fed­ make the tax change less regressive. eral programs worsened the economy, and The chief criticism of the President's of the effort put forth by the citizens of said that the time had come to start putting speech centers on what was not said. The Scranton. things right by slowing the increase in gov­ unemployed are not given much hope. Neither A tremendous bicentennial salute ernment's spending and trying to balance the are public institutions, like schools hospitals should go forth to Scranton Mayor budget in four years. He does not expect to libraries, parks and transit syste~. No men~ Eugene Peters, to Mr. Wenzel, and to reduce the size of government, but he wanted tion is made of race relations or urban and Mrs. Fleth. Under their exceptional no massive new government incursions into rural development. Welfare reform was planning and leadership, last Saturday's society, and stressed that government must brushed a-side as too complex. Foreign policy kickoff celebration was a tremendous have modest ambitions. He carefully avoided problems were ignored, a.s were the claims any sharp changes in government policy that of those who want cleaner air and water. success. I know the people of Scranton might disrupt the economy or the social sys­ The President's address was not especially can look forward to an exciting and t em. challenging, nor was it intended to be. His enjoyable bicentennial year. In his major new legislative proposals, he speech reflects a modest vision of America, asked the second sesion of the 94th Con­ with no great plans to change American so­ gress to cut federal taxes by $10 billion, to ciety, and a limited role for government. slow the recent average annual federal budg­ et growth rate of 10 percent to 5 percent CONGRESSMAN CONYERS DISPUTES with expenditures of $394.2 billion, to bolster OFFICIAL UNEMPLOYMENT FIG­ the Social Security Trust Fund with addition­ URES al taxes, to consolidate 59 Federal grant SCRANTON, PA., CELEBRATES programs, and to provide tax breaks for fam­ BICENTENNIAL ily farms, small investors and small busi­ HON. HERMAN BADILLO nesses. The President took credit for the partial HON. JOSEPH M. McDADE OF NEW YORK economic recovery and he confidently as­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF PENNSYLVANIA serted it would continue, rejecting the claims Thursday, January 29, 1976 of some persons who believe that the eco­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic upturn may peter out or be swallowed Thursday, January 29, 1976 Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, President up in a resurgent inflation. The health of Ford unveiled his budget last week and, the economy, he said, is dependent on a level­ Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, last Sat­ appealing to "commonsense:• tried to ing off in the growth of government spend­ urday evening the Bicentennial city of justify an unemployment rate of 7.7 per­ ing and a reduced role for government. Tak­ Scranton, Pa., officially began its cele­ ing a dim view of the capacity of federal cent for this year and 6.9 percent for programs to produce jobs, he called on Con­ bration of the Nation's 200th birthday 1977. Such joblessness, he assures us, is gress to provide tax incentives for business to with a gala community dinner dance at necessary to :fight inflation and ''meet help create new jobs in the private sector. the St. Mary's Center in Scranton. This the test of fiscal responsibility." 1720 E_;xTENS~O;NS _OF REMARKS Januar y 29, 1976 Appalling as these :figures are, they If we add the 5.3 milllon discouraged work­ accomplished. But if the Federal Govern- grossly understalte ~e true level ot un­ ers and just half the part-time workers (1.8 . ment continues to act in the apparent million) to the official 7.7 million, the num­ employment. The Department of Labor ber of unemployed soars to 14.8 million. For assumption that the reckoning can be calcula;tes unemployment in such a way blacks the numbers surge from 1.5 to 3.1 permanently avoided it becomes a part­ as to conceal its real extent, an unem­ million. ner in the evasive tactics described in the ployment rate eloser to 15 percent. In Who is called employed? The Labor Dep·art­ column by George F. Wtll which ap­ an article on the Op-Ed page of the ment includes the 3.6 milllon part-time peared in this morning's Washington January 1, 1976, issue of the New York workers. It also includes the unpaid family Post. The column follows for the in­ Times, my good friend and distinguished workers who don't receive wages but help on formation of my colleagues: family farms and stores and share in the colleague from Michigan, Mr. JoHN CoN­ STILL family income, generally because no other NEW YORK: THE CRISIS LOOMS YERS, JR., takes a hard look at unem­ jobs are ·available. The department also labels (By George F. Will) ployment figures, what they hide and employed those millions who work for wages NEw YoRK-An ominous question again is what they mean. He calls to our atten­ beneath the official poverty line ($5,400). At banking like a thunderhead on the political tion the fact that, because of the Labor present, over 25 percent of black workers in horizon. It is whether Washington should Department's method of computa!tion, this country work for poverty wages, but cough up yet another "final" installment of some 5.3 million discouraged workers they, like the part-time and unpaid family "emergency" aid for this city. In just six who have been searching for jobs so workers, land in the Labor Department's weeks the most recent "solution" to the city's long tha;t they have stopped looking do "employed" column, just as if they earned, crisis has begun to wilt. say, $35,000 'a year. That solution was the federal government's not fit the official designation of un­ What does this mean? For those forced "Seasonal Financing Act." It was so named employed and thus are not included in lnto part-time work, llfe ls a dally search to convey the fiction that all the city needed, published statistics. He also points out for more secure, full-time work with full­ or wanted, was aid to help it through a hard that, by not taking into account the time pay. For those working for poverty but short "season." But the fact, which city plight of the 3.6 million additional work­ wages, there is the incessant struggle to sur.. pollticlans at least understood, is that the ers who are forced to work part-time vlve on that pay, as well as the realization city won federal aid by making scary noises, because they cannot find full-time jobs, that they must hang on to their jobs. not sacrifi.ces. That guaranteed that the city And for those luckier workers With better would shun major sacrifices, and let the the published statistics further mislead paying Jobs, there is a vivid awareness that crisis become permanent--a crisis for all sea­ us. they must tame any demands for higher pay sons. I found his humane and accurate as­ Qr improved work conditions. In mid-October New York's Gov. Hugh sessment of our unemployment sttua,.tion For industry, the vast numbers of jobless, Carey announced that the city had "ex­ informative and helpful and would like part-time and low-paid workers mean a hausted all of its resources." In fact the city to take this opportunity to share it with huge supply of cheap labor when the busi­ had not moved to cut expenditures or raise my colleagues: nesF: cycle picks up. revenues by attacking the major middle-class For obvious reasons, the Government must subsidies-rent control which depresses the JOBLESS NUMBERS hide the extraordinary extent of unemploy­ tau: base; free tuition at City University; (By John Conyers, Jr.) ment, of wasted, Idle lives and productive lavish pension plans for the strongest mu­ WASHINGTON.-Early this month, the Labor capacity. Indeed If the truth were known, nicipal unions. The city still has not seized Department announced its latest statistics the public outcry would be so great, so these nettles. on employment in the United States. The unrelenting-, that it would be forced to act, (Zebras do not vote, so the city has closed number of jobless dropped from 8 million in to guarantee jobs now and at livable wages. the Bronx Zoo's zebra house. The city also October to 7.7 milllon in November, ca1.·sing And this is precisely what the present Ad­ 1s extending the sales tax to massage par­ the unemployment rate to decline from 8.6 ministration is unwilling to do. Instead, 1t lors.) percent to 8.3 percent (a good sign!). At the would leave the matter to the "market," to The city's charade of trying to avoid de­ same time, the number of jobs decreased "supply and demand," to chance. fault-a charade that stopped short of major slightly, from 85.44 million to 85.28 mlllion In fa.ct, Government spokesmen now talk ss.crifi.ces-was part of a test of wills between (not such a good sign!). of 'aCceptable unemployment rates in the 7 the city and Washington. It was a test the These figures had to be disappointing to percent range. Yet only a few years ago, such city won easlly. the Ford Administration, which hoped that pronouncements would have been attacked In exchange for loans of $2.3 billion in the upsurge in jobs and production registered as Intolerable. But since the Administration ea.ch of the next three years, the city merely during the third charter of this yea.r would Is aware that vast unemployment is the tool promised to balance its budget, and pay back continue. Nevertheless, it assured us that that allows big business to extract its profits each year's loan at the end of that year. The economic recovery was still rolling along. Just it asserts that joblessness is an economic city buttressed this promise with encour~ more slowly than hoped. necessity. aging projections of revenue increases and A closer look at the figures, as appalling as 'l'o reduce the current "official" unemploy­ expenditure cuts. they are, reveals a chilling picture. The fa.ct ment rate to 5 percent by 1985, over 37 mil­ At that time, a few sober persons asked is that for milllons of blacks as well as whites lion jobs are needed; 8 m.iUlon for the present two pertinent questions: Why does Washing­ the job scene is incredibly bleak. The crucial jobless, 15 million to accommodate the ton believe that the city's promised econ­ statistic, the one showing the number of normal population increase, and 12 million omies will become real economies, and that employed, remained almost motionless. more to compensate for those jobs lost be­ its revenue projections, which are usually Even more critical is the fa.ct that the cause of technologtc·al advances in industry. wrong (not to say crooked), are suddenly Government's method for calculating unem­ But over the last ten years, according to trustworthy? And what wlll Washington do ployment is rigged, deliberately designed to "The 1975 Manpower Report of the Presi­ if-when, really-it becomes apparent that oonce·al the true level, understating it by dent," only 16.5 million new jobs were cre­ New York City's promises regarding the almost half. ated, and most of these were in low-paying money it borrows from Washington are no According to the National Urban League, industries. more serious than New York City's promises nearly 15 million persons (not the 7.7 mil­ The task of public policy must be to turn to people why buy its notes and bonds? lion officially admitted by the Labor Depart­ that around, to put people to work for peo­ Already an independent auditing firm has ment) a.re jobless, and the unemployment ple, rather than for profits. Unless we act told Washington that the city's current plans rate is 15 percent. For blacks, conditions are now and support legislation being proposed will not produce the promised balanced worse, for the official rate of 13.8 percent, in Congress that would insure each worker, budget by 1978. Acording to the report, the when adjusted, soars to 26 percent. the right to a job the outlook for American city has made only $12 million of the $110 How does the Labor Department slant the workers will be only a replay of the present­ m1llion in budget cuts it must make by statistics? The method is fairly simple. It No work, no wages, no self-respect and no mid-year. And the report warns that city merely defines in very narrow terms who is hope of change. revenues may have a $571 million shortfall unemployed and calls many people employed over the next three years. The city also needs who a.re not, in any real sense. an additional $400 million to meet its cash Amazingly, mlllions who searched for jobs requirements between now and June 30. NEW YORK: THE CRISIS Finally, the report says the city may need so long that they stopped looking are not STILL LOOMS considered officially jobless, because they "additional permanent financing" from don't fit the department's "unemployed" Washington in order to repay Washington's category (they must have looked for jobs loans. HON. DEL CLAWSON So, soon the Ford administration may be within the four weeks preceding the monthly OF CALIFORNIA survey). Thus, in a stroke, some 5 .3 million back at square one, squarely confronting discouraged workers are written off the rolls. I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this question: Why not force New York City Who else is omitted? The 3.6 million forced Thursday, Janua,-y ' 29, 1976 to file for bankruptcy? to work on the average half a week because Six weeks ago the city won aid by success­ they can't find full-time jobs but who, when Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, the fully sowing the seeds of panic, saying that asked in the monthly survey, say they would "day of reckoning" for New York City incalculable--but surely horrible--conse­ take one immediately if it were offered. can be postponed. That is what has been quences would follow any default by the January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1721 city on its debt obligations. But as part of against three federally licensed grain Ryan, the grain division's field office super­ that very aid deal-a deal struck to avoid inspectors. visor in New Orleans, sources here said. Rylm an "unthinkable" default-the city declared The inspectors were employed by a has played a lelWin:g role in uncovering the a "moratorium" on payment of its short­ continuing export grain scandal. term debt. State-chartered grain inspection agency Clark, who was in Des Moines Friday, said Although lawyers can draw a distinction at Baton Rouge. in a statement that information about the between "default" and "moratorium," the For the benefit of my colleagues, I am grading discrepancy was uncovered by Sen~ distinction is about as important as the dis­ inserting in the RECORD two articles bY ate Agriculture Committee staff investiga~ t inction (devised for the government's con­ Mr. James Risser, a member of the tors who have examined the ship and inter­ venience during Vietnam) between "bomb­ Washington Bureau of the Des Moines viewed participants in the incident. ing" and making "protective reaction Register. WASHINGTON TALKS strikes." Because the city declared a mora­ torium, some people did not get paid when It should now be clear to anyone who Clark said he has information that Cook the city had promised to pay them. The city takes the time to study this problem that officials have been in Washington, meeting abrogated its contracts with note-holders, it is essential to reform the inspection with Agriculture Department officials on the and it did so because it was politically easier system without further delay. Ynatter. Representatives of the department's to abrogate contracts than to raise taxes or The House Agriculture Committee, late grain division went to New Orleans Friday to cut expenditures. last session, voted to amend the U.S. examine the cargo. But this default-called-moratorium did "In one hold of the ship, after licensed Grain Standards Act to provide for Fed­ private inspectors had certified the grain as not reduce the economy to rubble. So when eral inspection of export grain. New York again comes to Washington as a clean and had assigned a relatively high mendicant, probably this spring, Washington The same provision, plus several other grade, federal supervisory inspectors found should recognize that the "unthinkable"­ important changes which I feel are bad­ seashells the size of quarters, a pile of golf­ orderly bankruptcy-is today, as it was siX ly needed, is contained in a bill, H.R. ball size rocks that would fill a bushel bas­ weeks ago, preferable to the alternative. The 8764, which I have sponsored. While the fket, and substantial amounts of broken alternative is to allow the city to fasten House Agriculture Committee was work­ kernels and other foreign matter," Clark said. itself on the nation's treasury like a perma­ ing toward approval of a bill several "Another hold was filled with sour and nent leech. musty corn-conditions which should have weeks ago, the Senate Agriculture Com­ resulted in rejection by the licensed inspec­ mittee announced that it would not act tor," he said. GRAIN SCANDAL SHOWS NEED FOR on any House-passed bill until a GAO "A third hold disclosed a pile of corn report had been concluded. This delay screenings (small pieces of broken and dam­ LEGISLATION-VI until February also assured a further de­ aged corn generally screened out of ship­ lay due to the Budget Act prohibiting ments) almost 25 feet high, and another HON. NEAL SMITH action after January 1, 1976, on bills to contained a pile of pure corn dust that, I am told, had to amount to more than 10,000 OF YOWA be funded prior to October 1 of 1977. cubic feet," said Clark. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The problems were already apparent and such a report should not have been SHIP STILL AT DOCK Thursday, January 29, 1976 a condition precedent to proceding with The ship still is tied up at Cook's dock, while company and federal officials attempt Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, on legislation. The fact that the Senate was to resolve the dispute. previous occasions I have called atten­ determined to delay further aetlon nat­ Clark, who has been a leader in the con­ tion to the massive grain inspection urally torpoedoed progress on the House gressional investigation of bribery, theft, scandal at NeW' Orleans and elsewhere, bill. It should now be even more obvious misgrading, and misweighing of U.S. export and have pointed out the need for re­ that further delay awaiting GAO reports grain, said. "There is no excuse for the high form. is unnecessary and that action should be quality of grain being produced in this If any additional evidence is needed taken as soon as possible. country being delivered to our overseas cus­ to support the arguments for strong cor­ Following are the articles by the Mr. tomers in less than the legally contracted rective legislation, it is provided by two condition." Risser, as well as a report from the New A spokesman at Cook Industries head­ developments in the la,gt several days. Orleans Times-Picayune of January 7 quarters in Memphis, Tenn., said "we do In the first development, Federal of­ which is also of interest: not know of any evidence of any problems·• ficials, merely by chance, visited a huge CoRN CARGO MUSTY, DIRTY, CLARK SAYS with the shipment. supertanker docked near New Orleans (By James Risser) File samples of grain retained by the and prepared to set sail for Poland with WASHINGTON, D.C.-A supertanker, docked Destrehan Board of Trade inspectors appear a cargo of 3.2 million bushels of corn. near New Orleans, La., to carry grain to to uphold the grades assigned by the in­ The grain, worth millions of dollars, Poland, has been loaded with musty corn and spectors to the shipment, the Cook official had already been inspected by a private corn containing rocks, seashells and other said. firm licensed by the U.S. Department of foreign material, Senator Dick Clark (Dem., "ERRONEOUS, MISLEADING" Agriculture. The private agency graded Ia.) said Friday. "We have appealed through the proper the com as No.3 Yellow. The Iowa Democrat said there is "substan­ channels," he said, adding that statements In fact, according to press reports, the tial evidence" of "willful misgrading" of the claiming willful misgrading are "erroneous 3.2-million-bushel cargo. and misleading." corn was musty and contaminated with The corn was loaded last week at the Bay­ The spokesman said that Cook had a sim­ rocks, seashells, and other foreign mate­ side Elevator at Destrehan, La., owned by ilar dispute with federal supervisory inspec­ rial and should have been given a much Cook Industries, Inc., a major grain exporter. tors over another shipment about a month lower grade. A cook spokesman said Friday the company ago. Cook was upheld in an appeal to Wash­ As the ship was being inspected, three believes the shipment was properly graded. ington, he said. Federal inspection supervisors somehow It was inspected and graded as "No. three Both Cook Industries and the Destrehan became trapped in one of the cargo yellow corn" by licensed inspectors of the Board of Trade are under investigation by tanks. The inspectors, one of whom has Destrehan Board of Trade, a private inspec­ the U.S. attorney's office in New Orleans played a leading role in uncovering the tion agency designated by the U.S. Depart­ and by a federal grand jury there, as part of ment of Agricl..tlture (USDA) to conduct the continuing probe int o corruption in the scandal, managed to escape. inspections at the Cook elevator. export grian trade. According to news accounts, Federal "The high-level of foreign material, rocks In testimony apparently unrelated to the officials are investigating to determine and dust clearly puts it into the lower-priced Polish corn shipment, more than a dozen whether the supervisors were intention­ 'sample' grade," Clark said. Cook employes appeared before t he grand jury this week, it was learned. ally locked in the cargo hold. THREE LOCKED IN TANK Federal investigators suspect short­ The Polish tanker incident can only be The Register also learned that three Agri­ described as astonishing and bizarre. weighting and misgrading of grain shipped culture Department supervisory inspectors from the Cook elevator in the past. Before the ship left for Poland, Federal who went aboard the ship last Saturday to officials revised the cargo certificate to check on the condition of the cargo became [From the Des Moines Register, Jan. 20, 1976] reflect the actual condition of the corn. locked inside one of the tanks. One managed to escape by wriggling THREE GRAIN INSPECTORS INDICTED IN This will provide the basis for purchase LOUISIANA price revisions. through a small hole, and released the other two. Federal agents reportedly are checking (By James Risser) In the second development, shortly into the incident to determine if the three NEW ORLEANS, LA.-Three inspectors em­ before the tanker left for Poland, a Fed­ supervisors were intentionally locked in by ployed by a state grain inspection agency at eral grand jury in New Orleans returned someone else. Baton Rouge, La., were indicted by a. federal indictments for bribery and conspiracy One of those locked inside was Harlan L. grand jury Monday for bribery and conspir- 1722 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 29, 1976 acy in the intentional misgrading of export Hebert's testimony before the grand jury If that happens, three private inspection grain shipments. was a key factor in Monday's indictment, agencies which inspect grain in the New The three, including the chief inspector of prosecutors said. Orleans area would be put out of business the agency, made $67,000 in a six-month Hebert pleaded guilty last fall to partici­ and the Greater Baton Rouge Port Commis­ period by misrepresenting the quality of soy­ pating in a separate scheme involving the sion would lose its authority to inspect grain. bean shipments and sharing the profits with fraudulent sale of non-existent soybeans. He The congressional group visited the Des­ an elevator operator who participated in the was sentenced to 30 days in prison, but the trehan elevator of the Bunge Corp. late scheme, the grand jury charged. sentence later was suspended because of his Tuesday afternoon and observed the process Named in the indictment were Dommenic poor health and because of his cooperation of diluting high quality grain to meet fed­ Corrent, Jr., chief inspector for the Greater with the prosecutors investigating the Baton eral grade specifications. Bunge was con­ Baton Rouge Port Commission, and inspec­ Rouge Commission. victed of stealing grain systemically by short­ tors Anthony A. Danna and Edward M. INSPECTORS ARE LICENSED weighing its customers. Wyble. All inspectors who examine and grade U.S. Wampler said his change of position in The commission, a state-chartered agency, export grain, whether they work for private favor of federal inspectors came following a inspects, weighs and grades grain shipped to firms or state agencies, are licensed by the briefing Monday from U.S. Attorney Gerald foreign buyers from the Cargill, Inc., ele­ Grain Commission of the U.S. Agriculture Gallinghouse, who is conducting a federal vator at Baton Rouge. All three are state civil Department. probe into grain industry corruption. The service employes. While drafting a grain inspection reform Virginia congressman said he was impressed The new charges brought to 60 the number bill last November, the House Agriculture with Gallinghouse's contention that the of inspectors, grain firms and grain company Committee first voted to retain state inspec­ grain companies had not tried to clean up employes indicted in Louisiana and Texas in tion of export grain, largely on the strength corruptive practices within the industry. the past 17 months in a continuing investiga­ of assertions by Representative W. Henson Eugene Moos, agriculture committee staff tion of cor:ruption in the export grain trade. Moore, a Republican from Baton Rouge, that analyst, said Gallinghouse depicted the It marked the first time that inspectors the Port Commission had been investigated current system of federally licensed but employed by a state-run agency have been and cleared of any wrongdoin$. private grain inspectors as so corrupt and accused. Inspectors previously indicted have However, after The Des Moines Register filled with conflicts of interest that it had to been employes of private inspection firms, reported that the commission was still under be replaced with a federal inspector system. including boards of trades and grain ex­ active investigation, with criminal indict­ changes. ments imminent, Moore apologized to the Monday's charges are expected to be used committee for his error and the committee PASSAGE OF LEGISLATION TO by congressional proponents of all-federal reversed itself, voting for all-federal inspec­ PROTECT CIA AGENTS IS NEEDED grain inspection as evidence that state, as tion n.t export points. NOW well as private, grain inspectors are suscepti­ The legislation is still pending in the ble to corruption. House committee. Federal prosecutors said the investigation The Register also reported last August HON. MARIO BIAGGI at Baton Rouge will continue and may pro­ that the Senate Agriculture Committee had duce more indictments. U.S. Agriculture De­ obtained Agriculture Department documents OF NEW YORK partment officials are watching the situation indicating a number of improper activities IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES closely and believe they may have to take at the Baton Rouge Commission in the late Thu1·sday, January 29, 1976 over the commission's inspection duties. 1960s and early 1970s, including: The three inspectors were charged in a Falsification of overtime work recm·ds by Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I have four-count indictment which could bring inspectors to obtain extra pay. joined in cosponsoring legislation which them sentences of up to five years in prison Acceptance by inspectors of dinners, foot­ will make it a crime to disclose informa­ and $10,000 in fines. ball tickets, and other favors from grain and tion leading to the identification of U.S. The indictments were presented in Baton shipping officials in exchange for misgrading Rouge to U.S. District Judge E. Gordon West grain or certifying grain ships as being clean. foreign intelligence agents by both em­ by U.S. Atty. Douglas Gonzales. The rejection of a grain ship as being ployees and ex-employees or other per­ Meanwhile, a Polish tanker loaded with unfit for loading due to the presence of sons, including the press. 3.2 million bushels of corn was given quali­ "water and rotten grain," followed by its The death of station chief Richard fied clearance to sail from New Orleans Mon­ approval one day later after commission in­ Welch in Athens on December 23, 1975, day after grain inspectors turned over their spectors and their wives were "wined and raised a serious question concerning gov­ findings on the shipment to federal investi­ dined" by the shipowners. ernmental protection for CIA employees gators. Also, U.S. Atty. Gerald J. Gallinghouse of and their families. Clearly some type of "The ship will sail promptly," said a spokes­ New Orleans has publicly criticized the man for Cook industries, the giant Memphis, Baton Rouge Commission managers for not legislation is needed to prevent leaks of Tenn., grain export firm that owns the corn responding to his warnings more than a year sensitive information endangering the in the holds of the tanker Rysy II. The ship ago of corrupt activities by their inspectors. lives of agents. has been swinging at anchor since investi­ In November, the Athens News printed gators for the Senate Agricultural Commit­ [From the New Orleans (La.) Times­ Mr. Welch's name and address in a list tee and federal supervisors claimed they Picayune, Jan. 7, 1976] of agents known to be staying in Greece. discovered evidence the corn had been mis­ CONGRESSMEN FAVOR CHANGE IN GRAIN One month later Welch was gunned graded. INSPECTION SYSTEM down in Athens. He was 1 of 32 CIA of­ EN'IERED INTO CONSPIRACY A congressional inspection tour of grain ficers known to have died in the line of According to the grand jury, Corrent, Dan­ elevator operations here may result in a duty since 1947. na and Wyble entered into a conspiracy in revamping of the present grain inspection The Athens News extracted its in­ September, 1973, with Rufus J. Hebert, a system throughout the United States. formation from other publications, in­ Port Barre, La., grain elevator operator. Four members of the U.S. House Agricul­ cluding "Counter Spy," a Washington The three inspectors promised to "upgrade" ture Committee on the tour declared Tues­ soybeans which Hebert would ship to the day they are strongly in favor of a change, based anti-CIA magazine which has in cargill elevator. As a result of a false high and said their positions were reaffirmed as a the last 2 years identified 225 intel­ grade being assigned to the soybeans, Cargill result of their visit. ligence operatives around the world. would unknowingly pay Hebert for better Claiming they will vote for legislation to Other similar publications include quality beans than it actually received. replace private grain inspectors with an in­ "Fifth Estate," and books written by The inspectors then would collect from creased staff of federal inspectors were Reps. former CIA agents Victor Marchette and Hebert 20 to 30 per cent of the extra profit John Melcher, D-Mont.; Charles Thone, R­ Philip Agee. Hebert made as a result of the upgrading, the Neb.; and Tom Harkin and Berkley Bedell, Prosecution of either employees or grand jury said. both Democrats from Iowa. A fifth member In addition, it was alleged, the three in­ of the visiting group, William Wampler, R­ ex-employees would take place if any in­ spectors "downgraded" other loads of grain Va., also said he was leaning toward endors­ formation had been disclosed "willfully." coming into the Cargill elevator from other ing a federal inspection system, a reversal of Prosecution of others would take place sellers so that the elevator's inventory records a previously stated position. i(the information was released with the would match the quality of grain in the The congressmen, on a three-day tour of intent or belief that the release would elevator. Louisiana grain facilities, claimed they re­ prejudice the safety of the individual PAID LESS ceived new information here about the wide­ agent. A maximum fine of $10,000 and a Some sellers apparently were paid less for spread nature of corruption in the grain in­ maximum sentence of 19 years or both their grain than they deserved. dustry. The five congressmen said federal inspec­ would be established. Payments received by the three indicted This bill in no way should be seen as inspectors from Hebert ranged from $500 to tion at export elevators will almost certain­ $9,000 on the 17 shipments of grain covered ly be included in a reform bill in the next a restrictive measure on the right to by the indictment. session of Congress, which convenes Jan. 19. freedom of the press, but should be seen 1 January 29, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .1723 as a protective measure insuring the FEASIBILITY OF REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT TO who is willing to work at a rate of pay some- ) 3.0 PERCENT WITHIN 3 YEARS OF ENACT• what below the Federal minimum wage." right to privacy and the basic right to The author of this memorandum applauds life. A member of any governmental MENT OF HUMPHREY-HAWKINS BILL (Leon H. Keyserling•) this statement by Dr. Burns, except for com­ agency, whether he is an elected official plete dissent on all economic and social or a U.S. intelligence agent, should be The Humphrey-Hawkins FuZZ Employment grounds to the proposal to depress all wage ana Balanced Growth Act of 1976 proposes, in levels and standards by public example. The secure in knowing that his Government its present form and subject to further dis­ is providing for his safety and well-being. cussions among its principal sponsors, that author is also puzzled as to how Dr. Burns The CIA is a governmental agency in­ unemployment be reduced to 3.0 percent can reconcile his awakening as to the in­ volved in a controversy concerning its within not more than three years of the validity of the "trade-off" with the persist­ ent policy of the Federal Reserve Board, di­ functions now and its eventual role in enactment of such Act. (Accordingly, the rected toward recurrent high levels of idle governmental operations. Both the Sen­ contents of this memorandum represent only workers and other productive resources in ate and the House have been conduct­ the views of its author at this stage, and these views are still open to further con­ the name of restraining inflation, but ac­ ing wide range investigations into o:flicial sideration.) Even assuming enactment to­ companied in fact by increased inflation. activities and possible reorganization of ward the end of 1976, this would be nearly The Keyserling study, referred to above, the agency. Their final report will soon jour years from the start of 1976. also develops the fact that the basic per­ be released. In a Conference on Economic Progress formance of the economy, in terms of em­ But this controversy should not cloud study, Full Employment Within Three Years, ployment, production, and sound and equi­ our responsibilities to the agency em­ authored by Leon H. Keyserling and publish­ table distribution of real purchasing power ed for release on February 2, 1976, the goal and of goods and services, is more important ployees. The question of the future need than price trends per se, and that price for the operations of the CIA is in no way of reducing unemployment to 3.0 percent by the end of 1978 (three years from the start trends are to be evaluated primarily by their connected with the present need to pro­ of 1976) is accompanied by the estimate effects upon these other objectives. vide their employees and their famllies that this would require an average annual The Humphrey-Hawkins propos·al is con­ with protection. U.S. real economic growth rate of 9.5 percent sistent with all of the foregoing positions I, for one, feel tl:..at the certain limits during this three year period, which would taken in this memorandum. probably should be set on the activities import less than 9.0 percent if the period In addition to Professor Tobin and the au­ of the CIA, but the need for overseas were extended to nearly four years as indi­ thor of this memorandum, there are other cated above. leading economists who join in the position intelligence gathering both overt and that a more rapid rate of real economic covert is as valid today as it was during On page 8 of Business Week of February 2, 1976 (in an article Is Samuelson artjttng growth than the 6-7 percent rate of real the 1940's when the CIA was first estab­ to the Right?, and citing his view that a u.s. economic growth forecast by the current na­ lished. real economic growth rate of 6-7 percent tional Administration (and some others) in If Congress and the American people would be just what the nation needs in order consequence of its declared fiscal policies decide at a· later date to drastically re­ to rekindle [sic] inflation), reference is made (and Federal Reserve Board policies) is nec­ duce or eliminate the operations of the to the views of Professor James Tobin of Yale essary and attainable. For example, on page CIA, then this legislation will not be nec­ University, former President of the American 54 of the Business Week of February 2, 1976 essary. However it is needed today. It Economic Association, recipient of many (cited above), Walter Heller and others are other high honors, and one of the ablest referred to as follows: is needed to protect those Americans em­ former members of the Council of Economic "Heller and other Keyneslans stress the ployed in service to the CIA from being Advil.sers. These views are set forth as follows: relationship between fiscal policy and eco­ assassinated. It is needed to prevent "Tobin argues that, after coming out of nomic growth. For the short run the liber­ their families from enduring the anguish the steep recession, a 6 to 7 percent rate is als-including these who fully expect the and hardships which the Welch familY just too low a target to shoot for, and that, recovery to keep to a six percent path-think was forced to endure. It is needed for our given the low level of capacity ultilization, the economy can afford to grow faster with­ national security and ability to survive the economy can grow 9 percent this year out any significant risk of higher inflation. without any inflationary impact (Italics With the amount of unemployment and idle in international affairs. added). Tobin wants fiscal and monetary capacity that the Administration itself fore­ As a former policeman I am fully stimuli to push the economy to this higher casts for the next few years [note also its a ware of the importance of keeping se­ growth level." forecasts for inflation] liberals see no excuse cret, certain operations of undercover Moreover, the Humphrey-Hawkins legisla­ for not pushing harder to end what they men and informants engaged in police tive proposal is not limited to "macro" fis­ consider a waste of $150 billion or more a work. Failure to adhere to the secrecy cal and monetary measures, but in addition year in potential output [clearly now $250 provides for a variety of specialized. or "mi­ billion or more (see Keyserllng study, cited rules many times resulted in their deaths. above)]." The need to protect CIA employees is no cro" measures to reduce unemployment. It also provides for a variety of measures to Further support for the economic growth less important, and in fact is very essen­ help restrain inflation. And the Keyserling and reduction of unemployment set forth in tial to our national security. study, referred to above, develops in detail this memorandum (consistent with the I consider this to be priority legislation the empirical evidence 1947-1975 that, con­ Humphrey-Hawkins proposal), the following which deserves the swift attention and trary to the theory of the "trade-off", lower forecasts of the consequences of adherence approval of Congress. We must demon­ idle resources promote more price stability, to the Administration's proposals are set strate to the beleaguered employees of and vice versa. On page 10 of Challenge, forth in the above cited issue of Business January-February 1976 issue, Federal Reserve Week. the Central Intelligence Agency that Walter Heller (p. 51), former President of their safety and well-being is indeed our Board Chairman Arthur Burns states: "Whatever may have been true in the past, the American Economic Association and concern. there is no longer a meaningful trade-off be­ former Chairman of the Council of Economic tween unemployment and inflation." Advisers, is skeptical as to whether even a Dr. Burns further states in the same ar­ 6-7 percent forecast is realistic without a FEASIBILITY OF A 3 PERCENT IN ticle: money growth rate of 8-10 percent, above the 3 YEARS UNEMPLOYMENT GOAL upper end of Dr. Burns' 5-7.5 percent tar­ "I believe that the ultimate objective of gets, and way above the 2 percent monetary labor market policy should be to eliminate growth rate of the past six months. all (italics added) involuntary unemploy­ H01 . AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS ment. This is not a radical or [sic] impracti­ Otto Eckstein, President of Data Resources OF CALIFORNIA Inc., aware that the annual rate of real eco­ cal goal. It rests on the simple but often nomic growth was only 5.4 percent in fourth IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES neglected fact that work is far better than quarter 1975, states (p. 51): "In terms of the dole, both for the jobless individual and Thursday, January 29, 1976 final sales, [real] growth this year [1976] will the nation. A wise government will always be about 4.6 percent-the lowest gain for.any Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker I would strive to create an environment that is con­ postwar recovery." ducive to high employment in the private Lawrence Klein, President-elect of the like to call to the attention of the Mem­ sector. Nevertheless, there may be no way to bers the following thoughtful and valu­ reach the goal of full employment short of American Economic Association, and head of able memorandum prepared by Leon H. Wharton-EFA Inc., predicts (p. 51) that real making the government an employer of last growth will drop to 4.0 percent in the second Keyserling, former Chairman of the resort. This could be done by offering public Council of Economic Advisers which employment-for example, in hospitals, half [of 1976]." schools, public parks or the like-to anyone Arthur Okun, former Chairman of the deals with the question of the fe'asibility Council of Economic Advisers, states (p. 54): of reducing unemployment to 3 percent "What the optimists are saying is that we within 3 years of enactment of H.R. 50-S. • Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers were 15 ft. under water before, and that by 50, as revised-the Hawkins-Humphrey­ under President Truman. President, Confer­ election time we'll be 7 ft. under water, and Reuss Full Employment legislation: ence on Economic Progress. that's S\tpposed to make everybody happy. 1724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_,...SENATE January 30, 1976

Wi~h [as of November 1976] inflation still After adjusting for these increases and in­ ceiling, the new budget could tip the econ­ eroding incomes at a 6 percent rate, and un­ flation federal outlays would drop by 5.1 omy back toward recession." employment still above 7 percent, I just can't percent." These depressing forecasts-whether right believe that levels won't matter." And Business Week further states (p. 55): or wrong in detail-reflect the wrong em­ Business Week also says (p. 54): "Further­ "Gary Fromm of the National Bureau of phasis. Our national interests and future de­ more, liberals are not about to miss the point Economic Research, for example, estimates pend upon an immediate shift of emphasis that Ford's proposed increase of 9 percent that Ford's budget would cut next year's from forecasts of what will happen to us if in defense spending and an allowance for an [ 1977] real growth rate by $19 billion, and we continue to do the wrong things to pro­ 18.7 percent increase in interest costs on the other economists calculate it would cost the gressive attention to what we can and must Federal debt [a poignant mustra·tion of Fed­ economy half a million jobs in 1977. To Klein do to get the right results. This, in a nut­ eral Reserve Board policies] bite still deeper of Wharton, who sees the economy flagging shell, is the core meaning of the Humphrey­ into funds available for civilian programs. even without Ford's $395 billion spending Hawkins proposal.

SENATE-Friday, January 30, 1976 The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was committees may be authorized to meet unethical activities are engaged in by called to order by Hon. DALE BUMPERS, during the session of the Senate today. any persons acting individually or in a Senator from the State of Arkansas. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern­ combination with others in the :field of pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. labor-management relations; and also PRAYER add the name of the Senator from Ar­ The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward kansas