Printed Matter

ISSN No: 0974-2336

The Eastern Ghats E P T R I - E N V I S N e w s l e t t e r ENVIS CENTRE ON ECOLOGY OF EASTERN GHATS

Sponsored by: Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change, Government of

Volume-21 Issue-1 January - March 2015

Photo Courtesy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/erramala

ENVIS CENTRE ON ECOLOGY OF EASTERN GHATS ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE 91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032 - India Ph: +91-40-23180120, 23180115, fax: +91-40-23180135 URL: http://eptrienvis.nic.in EPTRI Email : [email protected] Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015

Editorial Content Page No.

The Nallamalais and Yerramalais are Editorial 1 mountain ranges located in the Kurnool National Evaluation Meeting of 1 district. There are nearly 11 sacred groves ENVIS Centres present in Yerramalais forest. The role of ENVIS Activities 1 sacred groves in the conservation of biodiversity has long been recognized. The Yerramalais Forest of Kurnool 2 forest is inhabited by local tribal people District called Sugalis, who live in isolated villages Floristic Diversity of Gani Reserve 4 called Thandas. There are 51 Thandas Forest of , Andhra present in Kurnool district. Pradesh, India with Emphasis on Medicinal Plants This issue also focuses on the “Floristic Diversity of Gani Reserve Forest of Kurnool National Evaluation Meeting of ENVIS Centres - 2015 District, , India with emphasis on Medicinal Plants”. The nature is true wealth of man and has many mysteries in its credit for every disease of man there is cure in this beautiful and wonderful nature. The survival of man is intimately related to the availability of different plant resources. The plant wealth of a country is its pride and acquiring knowledge of flora and vegetation is of immense scientific and commerical T h e N a t i o n a l E v a l u a t i o n M e e t i n g f o r Environmental Information System (ENVIS) importance. Thus this study focuses on the Centre of Southern Region was held at Floristic studies to assess the plant wealth Coimbatore, Tamilnadu on February 5th and 6th and its potentiality of the given area. 2015 for evaluating the performance of ENVIS Centres. A Presentation of ENVIS Centre activities ENVIS Coordinator was made by ENVIS Coordinator Dr. M. Suneela.

Editorial Team ENVIS Activities

Dr. M. Suneela, ENVIS Coordinator Swachh Bharat

Let’s make Gandhiji’s dream of a clean India come true...

Dr. K. Jyothi, Sr. Program Officer EPTRI Survey No. 91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad - 500 032, India. Md. Khader, Data Entry Operator

Published by EPTRI, Hyderabad

Supported by Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Government of India New Delhi, India. Swachh Bharat Swachh Bharat was conducted on 3rd February, Views expressed in the articles of this newsletter 2015 at Analytical Laboratory EPTRI Campus, are of the authors only Hyderabad. 1 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015 Yerramalais Forest of Kurnool District

Introduction b i n a t a , B a m b u s a a r u n d i n a c e a a n d Kurnool District is a district in the State of Andhra Dendrocalamus strictus are present. Pradesh, India located in the west-central part. Sacred groves of Yerramalais forest The Nallamalais and Yerramalais mountain Sacred groves are forest patches conserved by the ranges in the district run parallel from the North local people intertwined with their socio-cultural to South. Major part of its tract is black soil. and religious practices. Nearly 11 sacred groves Between the Yerramalais and Nallamalais lies the are present in Yerramalais forest. Sacred groove Eastern part of the district comprising numerous medicinal plants which are commonly worshiped villages and towns. Yerramalais are situated and treated for infectious diseases by the Sugali 0 0 between the Northern latitudes of 14 54' - 16 18' tribal community of Yerramalais forest of Kurnool 0 ' 0 and Eastern longitude of 76 58 and 78 34'. district. The role of sacred groves in the Topography conservation of biodiversity has long been recognized. Yerramalais forest range begins at Yamavaram in Jammalamadugu taluk of Cuddapah district and run northwards terminating at about 13 kms from Kurnool. The eastern extensions of this range are referred to as the Panyam, the Bethamcherla and the Uppalapadu hills. The hills vary in width from a few kilometers near Kurnool to 40 kms in the south, but throw out several spurs into the central section of the district. The Yerramalais scarcely exceed at any Yaganti Sacred Grove Kaluvabugga Sacred Grove point 606 m in height and are broken by two Tribal People of Yerramalais Forest: marked valleys one near Ramammakota and Yerramalais forest is inhabited by local tribal another near Peapully. The elevation in the plains people Sugalis, who live in isolated villages called varies from 260 m to 475 m above mean sea level. The climate of this forest is characterized by a hot Thandas. There are 51 Thandas present in summer. The average rainfall is 624.4mm. Kurnool district. Gumitham thanda, Alaibad Thanda, L. Thanda are present in amidst forest of General vegetation Yerramalais forest. Sugali tribes have immense The forest vegetation varies depending upon the knowledge about climate, altitude and adaphic factors. Most of the Medicinal plants Yerramalais forest show scrub type of forest dominated by thorny, succulent and xerophytic of Yerramalais bushes. Some valleys in Owk, Maddilete, forest. Due to Racherla, North dhone, Gani and L.thanda show a d v a n c e slightly degraded deciduous forest with some civilization and common plants like Alangium salvifolium, Albizia education only amara, Atlantia monophylla, Balanites few elder people aegyptiaca. Chloroxylon swietenia, Ziziphus h a s t h e mauritiana, Ziziphus oenoplia. Gani RF, North k n o w l e d g e o f Sugali tribes dhone Forest, Madhavaram forest, Owk R.F. show identification and uses of medicinal plants. Cassia fistula, Chloroxylon swietenia, Combretum Researchers and taxonomist has to explore the latifolium, Gyrocarpus americanus, Lannea forest and extract information of medicinal plants coromandelica, and Terminalia arjuna. In some parts of North dhone, Owk, Racherla and from them so that diseases of humans and Lanjabanda forest of Yerramalais, Hardwickia animals can be reduced. 2 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015 List of Sugali Thandas in Kurnool District S.No Name of the Cluster S.No Name of the Mandal S.No Name of the Sugali Thandas 1. Atmakur 1. Atmakur 1. Sanjeeva Nagar Thanda 2. Pamulapdu 2. Yeeragudur Thanda 2. Velugodu 3. Velugodu 3. Gattu Thanda 3. Panyam 4. Panyam 4. Sualimetta 5. Gorakal Thanda 4. Allagadda 5. Rudravaram 6. Batrinipalli Thanda 6. Chalgalamarri 7. Mutyalapadu Thanda 8. Kadiripuram Thanda 9. Ontigudise Thanda 7. Allagadda 10. Yerraguntla Thanda 5. Nandikotkur 8. Jupadu Banglow 11. Mandlem Thanda 6. Veldurthy 9. Veldurthy 12. Dasaridoddi Thanda 13. L.Thanda 7. Dhone 14. Seethamma Thanda 10. Peapully 15. Alebad Thanda 16. Laxmi Thanda 8. Onakal 11. Kallur 17. Obulapuram Thanda 18. Yeerakathuva Thanda 12. Orvakal 19. Gudembai Thanda 20. Gummitham Thanda 9. Kurnool 13. Kurnool 21. Nandanapalli Thanda 10. Banaganapally 22. Chinnaraju Palem Thanda 23. Pasupalla Thanda 14. Banaganapalli 24. Badri Naik Thanda 25. Rallakothur Thanda 26. Kalenaik Thanda 27. Peddarajupallem Thanda 15. Bethacerla 28. Gorimankonda Thanda 29. Buggalipally Thanda 11. Panyam 16. Gadivemula 30. L.K. Thanda 31. Yeerkanuma Thanda 12. Owk 32. Mannenaik Thanda 33. Isranaik Thanda 17. Owk 34. Marrikunta Thanda 35. Pikilipalli Thanda 36. Magampeta Thanda 13. Nandyal 18. Nandyal 37. Sugali Thanda 38. Abandam Thanda 14. Yemmiganur 19. Mantralayam 39. Madhavaram Thanda 40. Paramandoddi Thanda 15. Alur 20. Alur 41. Arikera Thanda 21. Holagunda 42. Nennike Thanda 43. Harikeri Thanda 16. Pathikonda 44. Pendliman Thanda 45. Mariman Thanda 46. Ontigudise Thanda 22. Pathikonda 47. Jeevaralla Thanda 48. Bugga Thanda 49. Gunda Thanda 50. Mansingh Thanda 23. Thugali 51. Cheruvu Thanda

(Source: Dr. Khaleel Basha, Associate Professor in Botany, Osmania UG & PG College, Kurnool District) 3 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015

Floristic Diversity of Gani Reserve Forest of Kurnool District Andhra Pradesh, India with Emphasis on Medicinal Plants 1Khaleel Basha and 2D Niaz Parveen 1Department of Botany, Osmania Degree College and PG College Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of Botany, Osmania Womens Degree and PG College Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract: The present paper aimed to study the scientific and commercial importance. floristic diversity of Gani Reserve forest of Kurnool Biodiversity provides to human kind enormous district situated in the Eastern ghats of Andhra direct economic benefits, an array of indirect Pradesh, India. A total of 111 species (39 trees, 38 essential; services through natural ecosystems shrubs, 34 herbs) belonging to 47 families were and plays a prominent role in modulating recorded. Among families, Sterculiaceae (11 ecosystem function and stability. Tropical forests species), Malvaceae (8 species), Rubiaceae (6 constitute the most diverse plant communities on species), Asteraceae (5 species) were most earth. These forests are disappearing at alarming dominant families. 111 medicinal plants have rates owing to deforestation for extraction of been documented with their uses for the cure of firewood and other forest products. The problem more than 30 diseases and some of these are with the chronic form of forest disturbance is that diabetes, jaundice, diarrhoea, dysentery, plants or ecosystem often do not get time to recover bronchitis, rheumatism, irregular menstruation, adequately because the human onslaught never urinary problems and bone fracture, cancer, stops (1). Kurnool district has two major forest wounds. Bark of Acacia leucophloea used in the Nallamalais and Yerramalais forest. Yerramalais preparation of Arrack (distilled alcoholic drink). forest are the eastern ghat extensions and Gani RF The roots of Hemidesmus indicus are used in the is prominent forest with good vegetation. The preparation of nanari a coolent during summer. forest is rich in floristic diversity. Gani Reserve The nature is true wealth of man and has many forest was explored in 1982 by T. Pullaiah and R.R. mysteries in its credit for every decease of man V. Raju. For the past two decades no exploration there is cure in this beautiful and wonderful work was carried out. This period is sufficient to nature. develop new species i.e. return of biodiversity. Key words: Floristic diversity · Gani RF · The Gani Reserve forest is a dry deciduous forest. Yerramalais forest · Endemism · Ethnobotanical Forest comes under the Southern thorn forest. INTRODUCTION The vegetation is varied depending upon the climate and edaphic factors. Apparently there are India is well known for significant geographical sign of forest becoming degraded from moist diversity which has favored the information of deciduous and to scrub type dominated by thorny, different habitats and vegetation type. Biological succulent and xerophytic bushes. The forest is diversity is of fundamental importance to the luxuriant in vegetation and enriched with many functioning of all natural and human-engineered medicinal, rare, endemic and threatened ecosystems and by extension to the ecosystem. categories of plants. As floristic diversity is the The survival of man is intimately related to the resource for medicine, agriculture, it needs to be availability of different plant resources. The plant conserved for us and for the coming generation. wealth of a country is its pride and acquiring Due to industrialization and mining, the forest is knowledge of flora and vegetation is of immense degraded at an alarming rate. The flora will focus 4 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015 the status of floristic diversity in the forest. It is Material and Methods hoped that the present investigation will A floristic survey was carried and their Traditional contribute to the better understanding of the uses in Gani forest of Kurnool district. The Gani floristic and ecosystem diversity in the Eastern reserve forest are a part of Eastern Ghats having Ghats of Kurnool district. rich vegetation and lie between the eastern Floristic studies are taxonomic studies of a flora longitudes of 76058' to 78056' N and northern or of a major segment of a flora, of a given area. latitudes of 14054' to 16014' (Fig.1). Plant Floristic studies help us to assess the plant wealth specimens have been collected from all over Gani and its potentiality of any given area. Floristics reserve forest through several field trips covering studies also help us to understand the basic all seasons during 2011-2012. Ethnobotanical aspects of biology such as speciation, isolation, data were collected according to the methodology endemism and evolution. Flora of any area is not suggested by Jain (9) through questionnaire, fixed up. It changes from time to time. Various interviews and discussions among Sugali tribes in ecological factors, mostly biotic, change the their local language. Herbarium voucher specimens are deposited in Department of Botany floristic components. Understanding of forest at Osmania UG & PG College, Kurnool, Andhra structure is a pre-requisite to describe various Pradesh, India. The medicinal plants were ecological processes and also to model the identified by the local people with their vernacular functioning and dynamics of forests (2). Various names, photographed and sample specimens were ecological factors, mostly biotic, change the collected for the preparation of herbarium. The floristic components. The total number of species Flora of Kurnool (10) was used to ascertain the may be changed; dominant species may be nomenclature. In the enumeration, data were replaced with other species; the floristic tabulated and arranged in the sequence of serial composition, i.e.; family: genus: species ratio may number, Botanical name, family, vernacular name be changed. The degradation of tropical forests habitat, phenology and voucher number. and destruction of habitat due to anthropogenic Emphasis has also been given to the economically activities are the major causes of decline in the important species particularly the medicinal global biodiversity. To make a consolidated and p l a n t s u s e d a s p r i m a r y h e a l t h - c a r e . up-to-date account of the flora, a region wise Ethnomedicinal values of plants were ascertained systematic botanical survey is essential. This will in consultation with village people using various help to compile the knowledge of country's methods (11, 12). The information on the uses of present plant wealth with emphasis on medicinal plants has been gathered through distribution and status. Ellis (3) in Flora of interview of the local people. Nallamalais recorded 743 taxa under 109 families. The importance of studying local floristics diversity has been realized and carried out in forest of Kurnool district by Sudhakar Reddy et al. (4), Sudhakar Reddy et al., (5,6), Silar Mohammed et al. (7). Recently G. Meerabai and B. Padmavathi (8), conducted the inventorying of angiosperm diversity of forest of Kurnool district. The present study aimed at making an inventory of the angiosperm species of Gani RF and to document the medicinal uses of plant species by local people. Fig. 1: Map showing Yerramalais Forest 5 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015

Results and Discussion

A total of 111 species (39 trees, 38 shrubs, 34 herbs) belonging to 47 families were recorded. Among families, Sterculiaceae (11 species), Malvaceae (8 species), Rubiaceae (6 species), Asteraceae (5 species) were most species diverse. Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae Minispermaceae, Verbenaceae, Rhamnaceae are represented by four species each. Asclepiadaceae Apocynaceae, Amaranthaceae, Acanthaceae Moraceae, Vitaceae, Lamiaceae are represented by 3 species each. Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae, Capparidaceae, Oxalidaceae, Celastraceae, Cordiaceae, Strychnaceae by 2 species and Fig. 2: Ten dominant families of Gani remaining 23 families were monospecific. Reserve Forest Habit analysis shows that herbs are represented by 34 species including climbers, shrubs by 38 species and trees by 39 species. Out of 47 families recorded from the study area, 10 dominant families are Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae, Minispermaceae, Verbenaceae and Rhamnaceae. The dominant families along with the number of species and genera are shown in (Fig. 2). Ten dominant families comprising 54 species represent 47.78% and the remaining 37 families with a total of 59 species contribute 52.21%.

Medicinally Important Plants: The present study identifies 111 medicinal plants locally used by the people of Yerramalais forest area for the treatment of at least 30 common diseases and some of the important diseases are Diabetes, Jaundice, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Cold and Cough, Asthma, Fever, Spleen and Snake bite, Leucoderma, Bone fracture, Cancer, Wounds and several Skin diseases. The medicinal plants are listed in (Table-1) along with their family names, part (s) used and the diseases treated for. Fig. 3: Medicinal Plants of Gani Photographs of some wild medicinally important Reserve Forest species are presented in (Fig. 3).

6 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015

Table. 1: Medicinal Plants used by the local people of Yerramalais Forest

S.No Scientific name Family Plant part used Diseases to be treated 1 Abutilon crispum Malvaceae Root Nervous disoders (L.) Don 2 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Leaf juice Scorpion bite (L.) Sweet 3 Abrus precatorius Fabaceae Seed Leucoderma 4 Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae Stem bark Bronchitis 5 A.nilotica Mimosaceae Stem bark Diabetes 6 Acanthospermum Asteraceae Whole plant Skin disease hispidum DC 7 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Seed & leaves Antidote 8 Aerva javanica Amaranthaceae Root Diabetes 9 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Leaf Cuts Linn 10 Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae Root, bark Snake bite 11 Albizia amara Mimosaceae Flowers Inflammations 12 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Stem, bark Allergic disorders 13 Ammania baccifera L. Lythraceae Leaf Skin diseases 14 Ampelocissus latifolia Vitaceae Leaf Dental disease 15 Anisomeles indica Lamiaceae Plant Astringent 16 Anisomeles malabarica Lamiaceae Plant Astringent 17 Anthocephalus Rubiaceae Leaves Astringent kadamba.L 18 Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Latex Scabies 19 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Balanitaceae Stem, bark Blood purifier De 20 Bauhinia Fabaceae Stem, bark Epilepsy racemosa Lam. 21 Biophytum Oxalidaceae Whole plant Inflammation sensitivum (L.) DC. 22 Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae Whole plant Jaundice 23 Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Root, bark Menstrual disorders 24 Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Root Oedema 25 Byttneria herbacae Roxb. Sterculiaceae Root, stock Diarrhoea Pl.Cor 26 Cadaba fruticosa L. Capparidaceae Leaf Leucoderma 27 Calotropis gigantea (L.) Asclepiadaceae Leaf Antidote R. Br. 28 Calotropis procera (Ait). Asclepiadaceae Stem Scabies R.Br 29 Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae Stem, bark Diarrhoea 30 Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Bark Eczema

7 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015

S.No Scientific Name Family Plant part used Diseases to be treated 31 Capparis divaricata Lam Capparidaceae Flower Scabies 32 Celastrus paniculatus Celastraceae Leaf Eczema Willd 33 Chloroxylon swietenia Flindersiaceae Root, bark Infertility DC. 34 Cissampelos pareira L Menispermaceae Root Purgative 35 Cissus vitiginea L. Vitaceae Root Bone fracture 36 Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae Stem Irregular menstruation 37 Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Root Rheumatism (L.) Diels 38 Combretum albidum Combretaceae Leaf Wound G. Don 39 Commiphora caudate Burseraceae Stem Body pains (Wight & Arn.) 40 Corchorus olitorius Sterculiaceae Leaf Febrifuge L.Sp.Pl 41 Corchorus trilocularis Sterculiaceae Whole plant Stomache L.Syst. Nat 42 Cordia dichotoma Cordiaceae Fruit Diuretic Forest. F. 43 Croton bonplandianum Euphorbiaceae Leaf Skin diseases Baill 44 Dalbergia paniculata Fabaceae Leaf Swellings Roxb. 45 Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Sapindaceae Leaf Bone fracture Jacq 46 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Asteraceae Leaf Jaundice 47 Erythroxylum Erythroxylaceae Leaf Jaundice monogynum Roxb 48 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Plant Antidysenteric 49 Ficus hispida L. f. Moraceae Stem, bark Stomach ulcers 50 Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Root latex Urinary stones 51 Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Stem, bark Paralysis 52 Gardenia gummifera L.f Rubiaceae Gum Ulcers 53 Gmelina arborea Roxb Verbenaceae Root Aphrodisiac 54 Gmelina asiatica L. Verbenaceae Fruit Eczema 55 Gomphrena globosa L. Amaranthaceae Root Cough 56 Grewia flavescens Juss. Sterculiaceae Stem, bark Dysentery 57 Grewia hirsuta Vahl Sterculiaceae Root Diarrohoea 58 Gyrocarpus americanus Hernandiaceae Stem, bark Cancer 59 Guazuma ulmifolia Sterculiaceae Stem, bark Demulcent Lam.Encycl. 60 Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Fruit Scabies

8 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015

61 Hedyotis puberula Rubiaceae Leaf Antidote (G. Don) Arn. 62 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae Root Eczema (L.) R.Br 63 Hibiscus ovalifolius Malvaceae Leaf Wounds (Forsk.) 64 Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae Bark Leucoderma (Buch.Ham)Wall.ex G. Don 65 Holoptelia integrifolia Ulmaceae Stem, bark Vulnerary (Roxb.) Planch. 66 Hybanthus Violaceae Whole plant Aphrodisiac enneaspermus (L.) 67 Justicia adhatoda L Acanthaceae Leaf Eczema 68 Justicia betonica L. Acanthaceae Root Muscle pains 69 Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae Stem, bark Body pains (Houtt.) Merr 70 Leonotis nepetiifolia Lamiaceae Flower Eczema (L.) R.Br 71 Lepidagathis cristata Acanthaceae Plant Antipyretic Willd. 72 Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Fruit Vulnerary (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. 73 Maytenus emarginata Celastraceae Fruit Lice (Wikkd.) Ding eradication 74 Millingtonia hortensis Bignoniaceae Stem, bark Cough 75 Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae Stem, bark Jaundice Smith 76 Moringa concanesis Moringaceae Stem, bark Antidote Nimmo ex Dalz 77 Oxalis latifolia Kunth Oxalidaceae Whole plant Urinary infections 78 Pavonia zeylanica (L.) Malvaceae Whole plant Anthelmintic Cav.Diss 79 Pavetta tomentosa Roxb. Rubiaceae Leaf Analgesic ex Smith 80 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Arecaceae Gum Genitourinary diseases Roxb. 81 Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Leaves Tumours 82 Premna tomentosa Willd. Verbenaceae Root Antidote 83 Polycarpea corymbosa Caryphyllaceae Leaf Jaundice (L.) Lam 84 Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Urticaceae Root Diuretic Bennett 85 Rhynchosia minima Fabaceae Leaf Boils (L.) DC. 86 Semicarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae Bark Eczema L.f. 9 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015

87 Sida acuta Burm. f. Malvaceae Leaf Snake bite 88 Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Malvaceae Leaf paste Scorpion sting Borssum 89 Soymida febrifuga (Roxb) Meliaceae Stem bark Diarrohoea A. Juss 90 Stercularia urens Roxb. Sterculiaceae Gum Diabetes Pl.Cor 91 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Asteraceae Leaf Scabies 92 Sterculia urens Roxb. Sterculiaceae Stem, bark Rheumatism 93 Strychnos nux vomica L. Strychnaceae Seed Leucoderma 94 Strychnos potatorum L.f. Strychnaceae Stem, bark Antidote to snake 95 Thespesia populnea L. Malvaceae Bark Leprosy 96 Tiliacora acuminata Menispermaceae Root Snake bite (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thoms 97 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Stem, bark Diabetes (Willd.) Miers.ex.Hook 98 Toddalia asiatica Rutaceae Fruit Scabies ( L.) Lam. 99 Tragia involucrata L. Euphorbiaceae Plant Fever 100 Triumfetta rhomboidea Sterculiaceae Root Dysentery Jacq. 101 Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Root Rheumatism 102 Vernonia cinerea Asteraceae Leaf Phlegm (L.) Less. 103 Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Leaf Diabetics 104 Waltheria indica L. Sterculiaceae Whole plant Purgative 105 Wattakaka volubilis Asclepiadaceae Root Antidote (L.f.) Stapf 106 Wrightia arborea Apocyanaceae Bark Dysentery (Dennst.) 107 Wrightia tinctoria Apocyanaceae Stem, bark Piles (Roxb.) R. Br. 108 Ziziphus horrida Rhamnaceae Leaf Scabies 109 Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Leaf Scorpion sting 110 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae Fruit Aphrodisiac (L.) Mill. 111 Ziziphus xylopyrus Rhamnaceae Stem, bark Cholera (Retz.) Willd.

In additional to the medicinal plants used for treatment of several diseases, the inhabitants of Yerramalais forest tribes Sugali use bark of Acacia leucophloea used in the preparation of arrak (Narcotic drink). The roots of Hemidesmus indicus are used in the preparation of nanari a coolent during summer. The local people also use some plants in their religious festivals, i.e. Aegle marmelos, Ficus benghalensis, F. religiosa, Mangifera indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Cocos nucifera, etc.

10 Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.21, No.1, 2015

Acknowledgements:

We are thankful to the Madam Azra Javeed Secretary and Correspondent of Osmania college for their encouragement and permitting us to carry on this exploration work. We are also expressing our sincere thanks to Forest Department who helped us in tracing out the tribal villages and accompanying in the forest. Author is very grateful to the University Grants Commission (UGC) New Delhi for providing the finanical assistance in the form of Minor research Project.

References:

1. Singh, S.P., 1998. Chronic disturbance, a principal cause of environmental degradation in developing countries (Editorial). Environ. Conserv., 25: 1-2. 2. Elourard, C., J.P. Pascal R. Pelissier, B.R. Ramesh, F. Houlier, M. Durand, S. Aravajy, M.A. Moravie and C. Gimaret –Carpentier, 1997. Monitoring the structure and dynamics of a dense moist evergreen forest in the Western Ghats (Kodagu District, Karnataka, India). Tropical Ecology, 38: 193-214. 3. Ellis, J.L., 1987. Flora of Nallamalais Vol. 1-2, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. 4. Sudhakar Reddy, C. M.S.R. Murthy and C.B.S. Dutt, 2002. Vegetation diveristy and endemism in Eastern Ghats, India. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Conservation of Eastern Ghats. EPTRI, Hyderabad, pp: 109-134. 5. Sudhakar Reddy, C., K. Thulsi Rao, I. Siva Rama Krishna and S.M.M. Javed, 2008. Vegetation and Floristic Studies in Nallamalais, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 85-91. 6. Sudhakar Reddy, et al., 2008. Structure and Floristic Composition of Tree Diversity in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Eastern Ghats, Southern Andhra Pradesh, India, Asina journal of Scientific Research, 1(1): 57-64. 7. Silar Mohammed, M., S.A. Rasheed and S. Maqbool Ahamed, 2009. Indian Journal of Applied and Pure Biology, 24(1): 183-186. 8. Meerabai, G. and B. Padmavathi, 2011. Plant Diversity in Protected Area of Nallamala Forest at Velugodu, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. The Indian Forester 137: 512-520. 9. Jain, S.K. 1987. Ethnobotany-Its scope and various subdisciplines. In Jain S.K. (ed), A Manual of Ethnobotany. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. 10. Raju, R.R.V and T. Pullaiah, 1997. Flora of A.P. Vol.3, Scientific Publishers Jodhpur. 11. Pal, D.C. and S.K. Jain, 1998. Tribal Medicine, Calcutta: Naya Prakash. 12. Paria, N.,2005. Medicinal Plant Resources of SouthWest Bengal, Kolkata: Directorate of Forests, Govt. of West Bengal.

From: I R

ENVIS Coordinator T P

To Printed Matter E

ENVIS Centre on Ecology of Eastern Ghats , r

Sri...... e

Environment Protection Training and Research d ...... a

Institute (EPTRI) h K

......

91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, India. d

...... M

Ph : +91-040-23180120, 23180115 :

...... y

Fax No.:+40-23180135, b

...... n

Website: http://eptrienvis.nic.in g i

Pin:...... s

e D 11