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06AQ20120107 Do.Pdf (Download) CRUISE REPORT: A12 (Updated MAY 2019) Highlights Cruise Summary Information Section Designation A12 Expedition designation (ExpoCodes) 06AQ20120107 Chief Scientists Dieter Wolf-Gladrow / AWI Dates 2012 JAN 07/2012 MAR 11 Ship RV POLARSTERN Ports of call Cape Town - Punta Arenas 40° 29' 24" S Geographic Boundaries 39° 24' 36" W 12° 45' 36" E 53° 30' 0" S Stations 106 4 MetOcean SVP-Iridium drifters deployed, Floats and drifters deployed 10 autonomous profiling floats deployed 1 1-year mooring was deployed Moorings deployed or recovered 1 mooring with sediment traps deployed Contact Information: Dieter Wolf-Gladrow Alfred-Wegener-INstitut / Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- kund Meeresforschung [email protected] Report assembled by Jerry Kappa, UCSD/SIO Links to Select Topics Shaded sections are not relevant to this cruise or were not available when this report was compiled. Cruise Summary Information Hydrographic Measurements Description of Scientific Program CTD Data: GeograpHic Boundaries Acquisition Cruise Track (Figure) Processing Description of Stations Calibration Description of Parameters Sampled Temperature Pressure Bottle DeptH Distributions (Figure) Salinities Oxygens Floats and Drifters Deployed Bottle Data Moorings Deployed or Recovered Salinity Oxygen Principal Investigators Nutrients Cruise Participants Carbon System Parameters CFCs Problems and Goals Not Achieved Helium / Tritium OtHer Incidents of Note Radiocarbon Underwa y Data Information Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) Navigation BatHymetry References ThermosalinograpH CO2, NUTs, O2, Tracers XBT and/or XCTD Primary Productivity Meteorological Observations Iron Cycling AtmospHeric Chemistry Data Natural Radionuclides Underway pCO2 Bio-Optical Measurements Plankton Assemblage Composition Salpa Thompsoni Biology Controls on S.O. Vertical Fluxes Foraminifera EpibentHic Sledge Functional Biodiversity/Ecology BentHic Abyssal Key Species Barcoding Deep-Sea Isopoda Functional Biodiversity/Ecology Macroenthic ... Key Species Systematics, ZoogeograpHy, Diversity ... Isopoda Polychaete Fauna BentHic and Planktonic Ostracoda Deep Sea AmpHipods Deep Sea Mollusca Sponges Changes in BentHic Microbial Community ... Iron Input Data Processing Notes Acknowledgments 661 2013 The Expedition of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" to the Antarctic in 2012 (ANT-XXVIII/3) Edited by Dieter Wolf-Gladrow with contributions of the participants Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung D-27570 BREMERHAVEN Bundesrepublik Deutschland ISSN 1866-3192 Hinweis Notice Die Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung The Reports on Polar and Marine Research are werden vom Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz- issued by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz- Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung in Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven* in unregelmäßiger Abfolge Bremerhaven*, Federal Republic of Germany. herausgegeben. They are published in irregular intervals. Sie enthalten Beschreibungen und Ergebnisse They contain descriptions and results of der vom Institut (AWI) oder mit seiner Unter- investigations in polar regions and in the seas stützung durchgeführten Forschungsarbeiten in either conducted by the Institute (AWI) or with its den Polargebieten und in den Meeren. support. Es werden veröffentlicht: The following items are published: — Expeditionsberichte — expedition reports (inkl. Stationslisten und Routenkarten) (incl. station lists and route maps) — Expeditions- und Forschungsergebnisse — expedition and research results (inkl. Dissertationen) (incl. Ph.D. theses) — wissenschaftliche Berichte der — scientific reports of research stations Forschungsstationen des AWI operated by the AWI — Berichte wissenschaftlicher Tagungen — reports on scientific meetings Die Beiträge geben nicht notwendigerweise die The papers contained in the Reports do not Auffassung des Instituts wieder. necessarily reflect the opinion of the Institute. The „Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung” continue the former „Berichte zur Polarforschung” * Anschrift / Address Editor: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Dr. Horst Bornemann Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung Assistant editor: D-27570 Bremerhaven Birgit Chiaventone Germany www.awi.de Die "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung" (ISSN 1866-3192) werden ab 2008 als Open-Access-Publikation herausgegeben (URL: http://epic.awi.de). Since 2008 the "Reports on Polar and Marine Research" (ISSN 1866-3192) are available as open-access publications (URL: http://epic.awi.de) The Expedition of the Research Vessel "Polarstern" to the Antarctic in 2012 (ANT-XXVIII/3) Edited by Dieter Wolf-Gladrow with contributions of the participants Please cite or link this publication using the identifier hdl:10013/epic.41332 or http://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.41332 ISSN 1866-3192 ANT-XXVIII/3 7 January 2012 - 11 March 2012 Cape Town - Punta Arenas Chief scientist Dieter Wolf-Gladrow Coordinator Eberhard Fahrbach Contents 1. Zusammenfassung und Fahrtverlauf 4 Summary and itinerary 5 2. Weather conditions 8 EDDY PUMP 10 3. Physical oceanography 13 3.1. Physical Oceanography: Measurements at hydrographic stations 14 4. SAMOC: South Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation and climate - multiannual observations by profiling floats 26 5. Carbon dioxide, nutrients, dissolved oxygen and transient tracers dynamics during “Eddy Pump” 28 5.1 Carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity 28 5.2 Macronutrients 31 5.3 Dissolved Oxygen 33 5.4 Measurements of CFC-12 and SF6 35 6. Primary productivity and impact of CO2 and dust on phytoplankton growth 37 7. Iron cycling 42 8. Impact of grazers on iron bioavailability 47 9. Natural radionuclides 49 9.1. 234Th as tracer of export production of POC 49 9.2. Testing the 236U/238U ratios as a new conservative and transient tracer in oceanography 51 10. Bio-optical measurements for satellite validation and retrieval 53 11. Plankton assemblage composition, chlorophyll a, biogenic silica, particulate and dissolved carbon and nitrogen determination 56 1 12. Salpa thompsoni biology: density, population structure and grazing 60 13. Zooplankton and Particulate Organic Matter (POM): community, size structure and stable isotope compostion 66 14. Controls on the vertical fluxes of the Southern Ocean 70 SYSTCO II 75 15. Foraminifera of the deep southern ocean: MUC deployments 76 16. Antarctic deep-sea benthos - biogeochemistry 79 17. Foraminifera of the deep Southern Ocean: bentho-pelagic distribution and past and present metagenetics 81 18. The link between structural and functional biodiversity of the meiobenthos in the Antarctic deep sea: focus on nematodes 84 19. The epibenthic sledge (EBS) deployment 87 20. On the functional biodiversity and ecology of benthic abyssal key species 91 21. Barcoding deep-sea Isopoda 94 22. On the functional biodiversity and ecology of macrobenthic abyssal key species with focus on the Isopoda and Polychaeta 96 23. Investigations on systematics, zoogeography and diversity of deep-sea Isopoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca) 99 24. Characterization of the polychaete fauna with regard to widely distributed species 102 25. Benthic and planktonic ostracoda of the Southern Ocean: biodiversity and biogeography 104 2 26. Phylogeny and phylogeography of deep-sea amphipods: connectivity within and between Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and Atlantic regions 106 27. Biogeography and phylogeny of southern Atlantic deep-sea mollusca 112 28. Agassiz trawl (AGT) deployments 115 29. Sponges - sessile suspension feeders, a biological nutrients pump in the pelago-benthic coupling system 118 30. Changes in benthic microbial community structure with different terrestrial iron input 123 APPENDIX A.1 Teilnehmende Institute / participating institutions 125 A.2 Fahrtteilnehmer / cruise participants 128 A.3 Schiffsbesatzung / ship's crew 130 A4. Stationsliste / Station list PS79 132 CCHDO Data Processing Notes 192 3 1. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND FAHRTVERLAUF Dieter Wolf-Gladrow AWI Am 7. Januar 2012 lief Polarstern von Kapstadt zur Antarktisreise ANT-XXVIII/3 aus. Ziel war es, Untersuchungen in verschiedenen biogeographischen Provinzen des Südpolarmeeres durchzuführen. Dazu wurden zahlreiche hydrographische Stationen entlang eines Schnittes und innerhalb von zwei flächenhaften Messrastern durchgeführt. Zunächst führte der Kurs nach Südwesten bis 44°S und 10°O. Entlang 10°O wurde ein Schnitt mit hydrographischen Stationen bis 53°S durchgeführt wobei die Subantarktisfront, die Antarktische Polarfront und die Südliche Polarfront überquert wurden. Auf dem Schnitt fand bei 52°S die erste große Benthosstation statt. Danach führte der Kurs über Stationen bei 52°S, 8°W und 52°S, 12°W in das Gebiet um 51°12’S, 12°40’W, in dem über mehr als zwei Wochen hinweg ein Raster von Stationen abgearbeitet wurde. Nach einem halbtägigen Besuch in Grytviken (Südgeorgien) – verbunden mit einem Besuch der Station des British Antarctic Survey – führte der Kurs in den Nordwesten von Südgeorgien. In der Region um 50°S, 38°W wurde ein Gitter mit 30 Stationen im Abstand von 24 Seemeilen beprobt. Anschließend wurde im Zentrum eines zyklonalen mesoskaligen Wirbels bei 49°40’S, 38°16’W und knapp 5.000 m Wassertiefe eine detailierte Beprobung der Wassersäule mit allen dafür zur Verfügung stehenden Geräten durchgeführt. Für die Benthosbeprobung in dieser biogeographischen Provinz wurde eine Station an der Südwestecke des zuvor untersuchten Gitters bei 50°48’S, 39°24’W ausgewählt; die
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