A NEW ANTHURIUM FROM PANAMA
Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove, St. Louis, Mo. 63110 Since the publication of the different colored squares ranging family Araceae for the Flora of from reds through yellows, greens, Panama (Standley, 1944) numerous blues and purples. Successive colors species have been added to the are each represented by 4 columns, Flora. Standley included 37 names each numbered 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10. for the genus Anthurium but it is The 40 columns represent different now known that these represented hues and the 9 rows represent dif only 31 species. Considerable field ferent degrees of brightness. work has taken place since the My representation of a parti completion of Standley's work, and cular color in this color chart is in the areas opened to botanists have cluded in parentheses commonly included areas known to be rich in after more general (and more poor species of Araceae. Thus, it is not ly defined) color terms which are surprising that over 100 species of often in common usuage. For Anthurium are now known from example "(B&K red 5/5)" means Panama. Many of these are species that the square is in the red range in found elsewhere in Central Ameri row 5 and column 5. Rows are read ca, but more commonly they are first followed by columns. species from South America which range northward to Panama and Anthurium dressleri sp. nov. sometimes to Costa Rica. Several Planta terrestris; caudicula erecta, brevis; of the Panamanian species of An petiolus pluricostatus, supra laticanicula thurium are suspected to be new to tus; lamina anguste ovata, acuta vel acu minata, basi cordata, sinu angusto. Inflo science, but await further compari rescentia erecta; pedunculus pluri costa son with described species from tus; spatha albida, ovata, acuminata basi Colombia and Ecuador. One Pana cordata vel acuta; spadix flavovirens ad manian species is described as new luteolus, 3.5-6.0 cm longus, 6-7 mm latus. Fructus ovatus, purpureus et luteus, ca. 6 in this paper. em longus et 5 mm latus. Since color seems to be very important in the taxonomy of An Terrestrial, roots moderately thurium, especially the color of few (usually 1 per node), brown; flowers, an attempt is being made caudex to ca. 25 cm long, 1-2.3 cm to use standard color terminology diam.; internodes very short, cata in describing such parts. A stand phylls pale green, to 6 cm long, ardized color chart published by faintly I-ribbed; acuminate and in Brent Berlin and P. Kay (1969) is rolled at apex; soon turning brown, being used to quantify colors. This persisting at the upper nodes intact; color chart, available from the Uni leaf scars conspicuous, 1.3-1.7 cm versity of California Press, is a re wide. Leaf lamina hanging down, production of the Munsell Color held ± perpendicular to petiole; Array of 40 hues, at maximum petioles several-ribbed, 8-40 cm saturation, with nine degrees of long, 5-7 mm diam. midway (in brightness. It is characterized by cluding ribs), narrowly or broadly having 9 rows and 40 columns of canaliculate adaxially, sometimes
54 1978] CROAT: ANTHURIUM 55 also bearing 2 blunter medial ribs, snap into a position at 90° angle to the sides and abaxial surface sharp peduncle), held initially at 120°- ly 4-7 ribbed, at least the adaxial 125° angle or spreading at 80° _90° surface sometimes purplish; the ribs angle to peduncle, ± straight, 4.2- slender, sharp, straight; the sheath 8.0 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, acumi conspicuous 1.5-5 cm long; the nate to caudate-acuminate and in geniculum green, only slightly en curled along margins at apex, the larged, its ribs minutely revolute; apical '7 mm sometimes sharply the blades ovate, acute to acumi downturned, broadest at lower 1/3, nate at apex, deeply lobed at base, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, acute 20-40 cm long, 11.5-30 cm wide, to acuminate at apex, the acumen broadest at about the middle; the inrolled, obtuse to cordate at base, basal lobes 5-10 cm long, rounded, the margins weakly decurrent or directed downward or inward, meeting at ca. 180° angle, (when sometimes overlapping, often turned lobed, the margin of basal lobes upward along their inner margin; rolled weakly inward); upper sur basal veins ·(3)4-5(6), not at all face matte, lower surface semi coalesced; the sinus narrow or closed glossy, veins 9, green, moderately 5-10 cm deep, acute at apex; the distinct, even the secondary veins upper surface dark green with velve visible; stipe absent or very short; ty luster (but not glossy), the lower spadix pale yellow to yellowish surface much paler, matte, the mid green (B&K yellow-green 9/2.5), rib, lower primary lateral veins and narrowly cylindroid-tapered 3.5-7.5 the basal veins prominently raised cm long, 6-7 mm wide near base (to on both surfaces (acutely so be as little as 3 mm wide on drying), neath), the primary lateral veins 5-6 4-5 mm wide near apex; flowers pairs, scarcely prominulous, a few homogamous, the apices obscurely acutely raised beneath; interpri 4-lobed, 2.5-2.9 mm diam. in direc mary veins present, flat, darker tion of spadix, 2.5-2.8 mm diam. than the surface beneath; the terti perpendicular to spadix, the sides ary veins flat, darker than the sur of apex jaggedly sigmoid; tepals yel face, weakly elevated in part on lowish green, glossy, weakly punc drying, the reticulate veins not visi tate, lacking viscid droplets, the ble, the uppermost basal vein ex apex of lateral tepals ca. .7 mm tending to the apex as a collective wide, the inner margin broadly vein, the lowermost part of the rounded, the alternate pair weakly blade (opposite the geniculum) concave on inner margin; the space elevated, pale green to reddish, and between the tepals quadrangular to horny at point of petiole attach oblong, .4 mm wide in direction of ment. Inflorescence erect, shorter axis, .6 mm long perpendicular to than the leaves, peduncle terete, axis; the pistil green, weakly e firm, smooth or sharply many-rib merged; the stigma ellipsoidal, ca. bed, 7.5-17 cm long, 1/2-1/3 as .4 mm long, .2 mm wide, obviously long as the petioles; spathe moder open at anthesis of stamens, sta ately thin, white or greenish-white mens with the lateral pair emerging at anthesis (turning pale green in in a relatively prompt sequence fruit), sometimes withering in age, from the base to the apex, the alter inserted at ca. 35° angle (Note: nate pairs emerging much later or touching spathe may cause it to at least sometimes not emerging, 56 '.'AROIDEANA [Vol. 1 held immediately above the :tepals This handsome species is or sometimes not completely ex named in honor of Dr. Robert serted from beneath tepals; 'anthers Dressler of the Smithsonian Tropi white, 4-5 mm long, ca. .8 mm cal Research Institute in Panama wide, the thecae not at , all divari who was responsible for its redis cate; pollen white. Fruiting' spadix covery and cultivation. pendent, to 13 cm long and 1. 7 cm The earliest collection known wide, the fruits irregularly dispersed to me was made by J. Triana in Co when exserted; the fruits obovoid, lombia in 1853. It has subsequently dark violet-purple in upper 1/3, been collected elsewhere in Colom white below, to ca. 6 mm long and bia in the Department of Valle and 5 mm wide, rounded at ap'ex;,seeds Choco. In Panama it is known only 2, 4-5 mm long ca. 3.0 min wide from Central Panama east of the obovoid, flattened on one : side, Canal Zone. white, suspended in a sweet, watery Other specimens seen - Pana matrix. ma: Panama, Cerro Jefe, Madison TYPE: Panama; Colon, Rio Guanche, 3471 (collected from living collec upstream ca. 5 km above the, bridge tions made by Dr. Robert Dressler) along road to Porto bello , elev. ,ca. (SEL), EI Llano-Carti Road, 12 km. 200 m., Croat 37000 (HOLOTYPE: N. of Pan-Am Hwy. at EI Llano, alt. MO 2395460); Isotypes at SCZ, US, ca. 400 m. Nee 10492 (MO); Co and others to be designated. Ion: Rio Guanche above bridge on road to Portobelo, Foster 2808 The species is known from (MO). Colombia: Valle?; La Berru Panama and Colombia in tropical gosa?, alt. 150 m., Giana 1702 wet and premontane rain ' forest (Valle), Anchicaya, forest near from 150-800 m. It has been col hydroelectric plant, Kennedy 731 lected in flower from January to (F), Choco: spur of Alto de Buey March and in July. Mature fruits and Rio Mutata, alt. 300-1000 m., have been seen in JUly. Plants c,ulti Forero & Gentry 792 (COL). vated at the Missouri Botanical Garden have also flowered in Octo ber and N ovem ber. It is ; similar to Anthurium crystallinum Linden & Andre but differs from that species in having a markedly winged petiole Literature Cited and a concolorous upper blade ,sur Berlin, B. and P. Kay, 1969. Basic color face (i.e. lacking whitish major terms; their universality and evolu veins). Anthurium crystallinum has tion Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley. generally a terete petiole and leaf Birdsey, M. R., 1951. The Cultivated Aroids, the Gillik Press, Berkeley. blades with prominently paler ma 140 pp. jor veins. According to Birdsey Engler, A., Araceae-Pothoideae. In A. En (1951) and Engler (1905) A. qrys gler (ED. ), Das Pflanzenreich IV tallinum has orange anthers. Those 23B (Heft 21): 1-330. of A . dressleri are white. Standley, P. C., 1944. Araceae in Wood The species readily hybridizes son & Schery, Flora of Panama, with Anthurium forgetii N.E.13r0Wll Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 31: 405- 464. (Mike Madison, pers. comm. ). , ' " I i 1978] eROA T: ANTHUit'I,UM,' 57
Anthurium dressleri Croat. 1. Habit. 2. Leaf. 3.Infructescence. 4. Inflorescence.