Powering the Electric Vehicle with a Dynamo Using Wind Energy

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Powering the Electric Vehicle with a Dynamo Using Wind Energy JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 19, 2020 POWERING THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH A DYNAMO USING WIND ENERGY Mr. Kamalpreet Singh1, Dr. Harbinder Singh2, Dr. Harpal Singh3, Dr. Mohit Srivastava4 1Computer Science Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, India. 2,3,4Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, India. E-mail: kamalpreet.gobind@gmail.com1, harbinder.ece@gmail.com2, harpal.ece@cgc.edu.in3, mohit.ece@cgc.edu.in4 Received: 14 March 2020 Revised and Accepted: 8 July 2020 ABSTRACT: The main objective of this paper is to represent a method for powering the electric car with a dynamo using wind energy. We want to solve the major disadvantage faced by an electric vehicle that is the discharge of the battery in case there is no power source. In case there is no power station nearby then electric vehicle can’t reach its desired destination. To solve this problem dynamo can be used. Dynamo is a device that converts mechanical energy into electric energy. Hence by using this property of a dynamo, this problem can be solved. The description of this technique is placing a dynamo behind the radiator and fan in front of the radiator. A hole is created at the centre of the radiator to connect the dynamo with the fan using a shaft. Due to locomotion of a car fan will rotate and current will be produced with the help of a dynamo. This technique has one more benefit that is efficiency of heat dissipation from the radiator will increase with the help of a fan. Due to the repetition of this process, electric vehicles can cover longer distances. KEY WORDS: Electric Vehicle, Wind Energy, Dynamo, Battery. I. INTRODUCTION The topic of discussion is how to solve the problem faced by the entire population that is lack of natural resources. This world is moving forward by using advanced technologies. There are many developing and under developing countries competing with each other to bring recent innovations in the advancement of under developing countries [1]. There is a sudden growth in the production of electric cars. Tesla Model 3’s (221,274) sales, 2 BAIC EU-Series (82,000) and 3 BYD Yuan/S2 EV (64,000), and 4 Nissan LEAF (59,000) are other models to cross 50,000 sales [2]. Due to the rapid increase in population, stress on natural resources has been increased to a larger extent. Hence there is a sudden increase in the greenho use effect which had made the united nation Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to take strict action on over utilization of natural resources. They planned to reduce at least 50 % of global carbon dioxide emissions by 2050[3]. Nowadays, some individuals are showing great interest to protect environment and raise awareness to conserve natural resources for future generations (i.e. doing sustainable development). Electric vehicle generates fewer pollutants; hence they can rely on renewable resources. Despite there are many developments in battery technology but still long recharging time is considered barriers before buying an electric vehicle. There are some largest emitting countries: India (7%), United States (14%), European Union (30%) and china (29%) as shown in Figure 1. Therefore steps should be taken to slow down the increase in global Co2 emissions [4]. Usage of an electric vehicle is the best way to overcome this major problem faced by society. Decarbonization can also play an important role to reduce Co2 emissions. But, advancements in technology are required to reach this outcome. This problem is being faced by both developing and under-developing countries/regions. To reduce the Co2 emissions from internal combustion engines the government has approved many plans [5,6]. Electric vehicles are acquiring attention because of the reduction of Co2 emissions. The electric vehicle does not emit pollutants in the form of fuel vapors. Thus, it can be considered a zero-emission vehicle [7]. Not only Co2 emissions should be considered while purchasing an electric vehicle. The operational cost of a vehicle is the main factor to be considered while purchasing an electric vehicle. The aim of this article is to illustrate the use of energy due to the locomotion of the vehicle with the help of a fan connected with dynamo. With the help of this article, we want to recover all the environmental concerns related to our ecosystem. 1642 Fig. 1. Representation of Data for Largest Co2 Emitting Countries A. Our Contributions To meet the requirements of recharging and to overcome the challenges, we develop this technique, a recharging platform to support electric and hybrid electric vehicle. This paper has been significantly extended from previous work [15], which discussed preliminary work and the technique aspect on distributed power management. The work for presents here represents latest results and development, and has a major new focus on the research and development aspects of recharging battery. II. ABOUT THE INNOVATION This invention is related to electrically powered vehicles and particularly to fan connected with dynamo for enhancement of storage of electrical generator capacity. The craze of purchasing an electric vehicle is increasing day by day. This invention will be helpful for providing additional power to an electric vehicle to cover a Long-range of distance or to recharge reserve battery in emergency cases like discharge of the battery in case there is no nearby Gas station. A fan is installed in front of the radiator. The radiator is generally placed in the front of the vehicle. Then in next step fan is connected to a dynamo placed in the rear of the radiator. Fan is connected to the dynamo with the help of shaft. When air strikes or fall on the fan. Then fan will rotate and dynamo will generate electricity for recharging the vehicle’s battery. There is one more benefit of using this technique that is when vehicle came in position of rest then the vehicle could be parked in the direction of the wind at night or at any time for recharging the battery. When a vehicle is parked in the direction of wind then fan starts rotating and electricity is produced with the help of dynamo/generator which is further fed into a rechargeable battery by passing through the current amplifier [8]. To explain this invention in more refined way Figure2 is drawn. Fig. 2. Front View of the invention Now we will try to describe the figure one by one. Here, Figure 2 depicts the front side of the invention. A fan is placed in front of the radiator which will rotate when the vehicle will move at higher speed. Dynamo is connected with a fan through shaft to produce electricity to recharge the rechargeable battery. This invention is also helpful for the reduction of heat which is generated by the electric motor during performing operations. A fan which is placed in front of the radiator is sufficient to replace the usage of a radiator fan which is used in the recent electric vehicles. Due to high and efficient heat flow from the radiator with the help of the fan efficiency will increase to a great extent. With the help of Figure 2 we have defined all the procedures until the production of electricity by the dynamo. Now we will use a current amplifier to increase the amplitude of electric current generated before storing in the rechargeable battery. After storing current in the rechargeable battery we can use the stored current for further operations of an electric vehicle. Due to the lesser production of pollutants and high efficiency, this can 1643 attract the interest of customers who are willing to purchase an electric vehicle. The operational cost of a vehicle is the main factor to be considered while purchasing an electric vehicle. The operation cost of the vehicle will decrease to a greater extent. Thus, it can be considered a zero-emission vehicle. To show procedure of this invention flow chart of the invention is drawn in the Figure 3. Fig. 3. Flow Chart III. ASSETS OF PURCHASING AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE In gasoline-powered vehicles, temperatures inside the combustion chamber of an engine can reach 4,000 Fahrenheit. Big amount of energy in gasoline combustion chamber changes to heat rather than rotary power used for locomotion of vehicle or to perform different operations. Not only it wastes heat but also results in low fuel efficiency, hence these high temperatures themselves create a major problem. In the case of an electrically powered vehicle, electric motors do not waste lots of heat to make required torque for locomotion of vehicles. There are some heat losses but they can be neglected. In fact, electric cars are three to four times more efficient than gasoline cars. In the case of electric vehicle 80% of energy from a rechargeable battery reaches the wheels of an electric car. Therefore, electric vehicles are more efficient than gasoline powered vehicles. Due to the high efficiency of electric cars countries like Japan, Europe, the United States, Canada, and many other countries have proposed high interest in research and development of electric vehicles. There are some governments providing fewer tax incentives for consumers to buy an electric car. While discussing electric cars we should not forget a fact about Tesla Roadster, which proves it’s capability of accelerating from 0 to 60 miles per hour in less than 4 seconds. So, we can’t say electric vehicles are not powerful enough to perform daily operations. Electric vehicles can run over different renewable resources like solar energy and wind energy etc. There is one more advantage of electric cars over gasoline cars is that various power sources can be used for locomotion of an electric car.
Recommended publications
  • Based on Bicycle Dynamic Energy
    © 2021 JETIR July 2021, Volume 8, Issue 7 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Developing A Vehicle - Based On Bicycle Dynamic Energy 1V Dhanush Kumar, 1Pavan Yadhav, 1Naveen Reddy A, 1P M Nitesh Kumar, 2Anand Babu K 1U G Scholar, 2Assistant Professor 1,2School of Mechanical Engineering, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India. Abstract:- There are so many vehicles that came to influence in the existing world. Their operating systems are based on usual fossil fuels system. At the present sense the fossil fuel can exceed only for a certain period after that we have to go for a change to other methods. Thus we have made an attempt to design and fabricate an ultimate system (solar cycle) which would produce cheaper and effective result than the existing system. This will be very useful needs of the world. An attempt is made in the fabrication of solar powered system for a two-wheeler. The drive system of the normal cycle is not altered. This system is two in one system. The cycle is operated either by pedaling manually battery and motor driving mechanism. Index Term: Dynamo, Throttle, Pedaling, Battery, Sprocket I. Introduction:- All vehicles that are in the market cause pollution and the fuel cost is also increasing day by day. In order to compensate the fluctuating fuel cost and reducing the pollution a good remedy is needed i.e. our transporting system. Due to ignition of hydrocarbon fuels, in the vehicle, sometime difficulties such as wear and tear may be high and more attention is needed for proper maintenance.
    [Show full text]
  • July 5, 1938. A. CALLSEN 2,123,133 APPARATUS for SWITCHING on the STARTER of an INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan
    July 5, 1938. A. CALLSEN 2,123,133 APPARATUS FOR SWITCHING ON THE STARTER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 25, 1937 2. Sheets-Sheet l July 5, 1938. A. CALS EN 2,123,133 APPARATUS FOR SWITCHING ON THE STARTER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. 25, 1937 2. Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July 5, 1938 2,123,133 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,123,133 APPARATUS FOR SWITCHING ON THE STARTER OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Albert Casen, stuttgart-Botnang, Germany, as signor to Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit be schrankter Haftung, a corporation of Ger many Application January 25, 1937, Serial No. 122,261 In Germany February 1, 1936 15 Claims. (Ch. 290-36) The invention relates to an apparatus for ing the starting exactly as When accelerating. switching on the starter of an internal combus The foot can thus be moved back even into its tion engine for use on vehicles, in which other initial position, and if desired, removed wholly elements of the vehicle control besides the starter from the pedal. 5 are operated by a common operating member. The invention is more particularly described In known apparatus of this kind, the clutch With reference to the accompanying drawings, in pedal or accelerator pedal is connected with the Which:- SWitch of the starter by a clutch which is engaged Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of One arrange when the engine is stopped, while it is released ment of switch control apparatus. 0 by the vacuum of the engine induction pipe or Figures 2, 3, and 4 are similar views of alter 10 by a relay fed from the lighting dynamo when native constructions.
    [Show full text]
  • Operator's Manual
    OPERATOR'S MANUAL MODELS GR2020G GR2120 GR2120AU G R 2 0 2 0 G · G R 2 1 2 0 · G R 2 1 2 0 1BDAHAOAP0580 A AS . D . 1 - 1 . - . AK Code No. K1270-7122-1 U READ AND SAVE THIS MANUAL PRINTED IN U.S.A. © KUBOTA Corporation 2014 ABBREVIATION LIST Abbreviations Definitions API American Petroleum Institute PTO Power Take Off PT Permanent Type (=Ethylene glycol anti-freeze) rpm Revolutions Per Minute SAE Society of Automotive Engineers KRA Kubota Reverse Awareness System KUBOTA Corporation is ··· Since its inception in 1890, KUBOTA Corporation has grown to rank as one of the major firms in Japan. UNIVERSAL SYMBOLS To achieve this status, the company has through the years diversified the range of its products and services to a remarkable As a guide to the operation of your tractor, various universal symbols have been utilized on the instruments and extent. Nineteen plants and 16,000 employees produce over 1,000 controls. The symbols are shown below with an indication of their meaning. different items, large and small. All these products and all the services which accompany them, Safety Alert Symbol Coolant Temperature however, are unified by one central commitment. KUBOTA makes products which, taken on a national scale, are basic necessities. Gasoline Fuel Mower-Lowered position Products which are indispensable. Products which are intended to help individuals and nations fulfill the potential inherent in their Diesel Fuel Mower-Raised position environment. KUBOTA is the Basic Necessities Giant. Brake Headlight This potential includes water supply, food from the soil and from the sea, industrial development, architecture and construction, Parking Brake Headlight-ON transportation.
    [Show full text]
  • China Autos Asia China Automobiles & Components
    Deutsche Bank Markets Research Industry Date 18 May 2016 China Autos Asia China Automobiles & Components Vincent Ha, CFA Fei Sun, CFA Research Analyst Research Analyst (+852 ) 2203 6247 (+852 ) 2203 6130 vincent.ha@db.com fei.sun@db.com F.I.T.T. for investors What you should know about China's new energy vehicle (NEV) market Many players, but only a few are making meaningful earnings contributions One can question China’s target to put 5m New Energy Vehicles on the road by 2020, or its ambition to prove itself a technology leader in the field, but the surge in demand with 171k vehicles sold in 4Q15 cannot be denied. Policy imperatives and government support could ensure three-fold volume growth by 2020, which would make China half of this developing global market. New entrants are proliferating, with few clear winners as yet, but we conclude that Yutong and BYD have the scale of NEV sales today to support Buy ratings. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Deutsche Bank AG/Hong Kong Deutsche Bank does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. Thus, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision. DISCLOSURES AND ANALYST CERTIFICATIONS ARE LOCATED IN APPENDIX 1. MCI (P) 057/04/2016. Deutsche Bank Markets Research Asia Industry Date China 18 May 2016 Automobiles & China
    [Show full text]
  • History of Electric Light
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 76. NUMBER 2 HISTORY OF ELECTRIC LIGHT BY HENRY SGHROEDER Harrison, New Jersey PER\ ^"^^3^ /ORB (Publication 2717) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AUGUST 15, 1923 Zrtie Boxb QSaftitnore (prcee BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. CONTENTS PAGE List of Illustrations v Foreword ix Chronology of Electric Light xi Early Records of Electricity and Magnetism i Machines Generating Electricity by Friction 2 The Leyden Jar 3 Electricity Generated by Chemical Means 3 Improvement of Volta's Battery 5 Davy's Discoveries 5 Researches of Oersted, Ampere, Schweigger and Sturgeon 6 Ohm's Law 7 Invention of the Dynamo 7 Daniell's Battery 10 Grove's Battery 11 Grove's Demonstration of Incandescent Lighting 12 Grenet Battery 13 De Moleyns' Incandescent Lamp 13 Early Developments of the Arc Lamp 14 Joule's Law 16 Starr's Incandescent Lamp 17 Other Early Incandescent Lamps 19 Further Arc Lamp Developments 20 Development of the Dynamo, 1840-1860 24 The First Commercial Installation of an Electric Light 25 Further Dynamo Developments 27 Russian Incandescent Lamp Inventors 30 The Jablochkofif " Candle " 31 Commercial Introduction of the Differentially Controlled Arc Lamp ^3 Arc Lighting in the United States 3;^ Other American Arc Light Systems 40 " Sub-Dividing the Electric Light " 42 Edison's Invention of a Practical Incandescent Lamp 43 Edison's Three-Wire System 53 Development of the Alternating Current Constant Potential System 54 Incandescent Lamp Developments, 1884-1894 56 The Edison " Municipal
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019
    Contents Corporate Profile 2 Corporate Information 4 Our Products 6 Business Overview 13 Financial Highlights 32 CEO’s Statement 33 Management Discussion and Analysis 36 Directors and Senior Management 48 Directors’ Report 56 Corporate Governance Report 74 Independent Auditor’s Report 86 Consolidated Balance Sheet 92 Consolidated Income Statement 94 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 95 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 96 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 97 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 98 Five Years’ Financial Summary 168 02 NEXTEER AUTOMOTIVE GROUP LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Corporate Profile Nexteer Automotive Group Limited (the Company) together with its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as we, us, our, Nexteer, Nexteer Automotive or the Group. Nexteer Automotive is a global leader in advanced steering and driveline systems, as well as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving (AD) enabling technologies. In-house development and full integration of hardware, software and electronics give Nexteer a competitive advantage as a full-service supplier. As a leader in intuitive motion control, our continued focus and drive is to leverage our design, development and manufacturing strengths in advanced steering and driveline systems that provide differentiated and value-added solutions to our customers. We develop solutions that enable a new era of safety and performance for traditional and varying levels of ADAS/AD. Overall, we are making driving safer, more fuel-efficient and fun for today’s world and an automated future. Our ability to seamlessly integrate our systems into automotive original equipment manufacturers’ (OEM) vehicles is a testament to our more than 110-year heritage of vehicle integration expertise and product craftsmanship.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Annual Report.Pdf
    HEV TCP Buchcover2019_EINZELN_zw.indd 1 15.04.19 11:45 International Energy Agency Technology Collaboration Programme on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV TCP) Hybrid and Electric Vehicles The Electric Drive Hauls May 2019 www.ieahev.org Implementing Agreement for Co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes (HEV TCP) is an international membership group formed to produce and disseminate balanced, objective information about advanced electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. It enables member countries to discuss their respective needs, share key information, and learn from an ever-growing pool of experience from the development and deployment of hybrid and electric vehicles. The TCP on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV TCP) is organised under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) but is functionally and legally autonomous. Views, findings and publications of the HEV TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its individual member countries. Cover Photo: Scania’s El Camino truck developed for trials on three e-highway demonstration sites on public roads in Germany. The truck is equipped with pantograph power collectors, developed by Siemens and constructed to use e-highway infrastructure with electric power supplied from overhead lines. (Image Courtesy: Scania) The Electric Drive Hauls Cover Designer: Anita Theel ii International Energy Agency Technology Collaboration Programme on Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (HEV TCP) Annual Report Prepared by the Executive
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring Internal Combustion Engines by Neural Network Based Virtual Sensing
    Monitoring Internal Combustion Engines by Neural Network Based Virtual Sensing R.J.Howlett, M.M.de Zoysa, S.D.Walters Transfrontier Centre for Automotive Research (TCAR), Engineering Research Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton, U.K. Email R.J.Howlett@Brighton.ac.uk Abstract Over the past two decades the manufacturers of internal-combustion engines that are used in motor vehicles have been very successful in reducing the harmful side-effects of their products on the environment. However, they are under ever-increasing pressure to achieve further reductions in the quantities of polluting gases emitted by the engine, and a decrease in the amount of fuel consumed per kilometre. At the same time, vehicle characteristics that are desirable to the driver must not be compromised. Satisfying these diverse requirements requires precise engine control and comprehensive monitoring of the operational parameters of the power unit. Engines are highly price- sensitive, and it is desirable to achieve the increased level of measurement that is required for enhanced control without additional sensory devices. Thus, the indirect estimation of quantities of interest using virtual-sensor techniques, without direct measurement using dedicated sensors, is a research area with considerable potential. Intelligent-systems techniques, such as neural-networks, are attractive for application in this area because of their capabilities in pattern- recognition, signal analysis and interpretation. For this reason, the use of neural-networks in the monitoring and control of motor-vehicle engines is an area of research which is receiving increasing attention from both the academic and commercial research communities. A virtual-sensor technique, the Virtual Lambda Sensor, is described here which uses a neural-network for the estimation of air-fuel ratio in the engine.
    [Show full text]
  • Emerson Replacement Motors
    Emerson Replacement Motors Square Flange Pool And Spa Motors Category “S” SF Catalog Motor Length HP SF RPM Volt Freq Amps Number Frame Less Shaft Wgt Price Standard Efficient- Low Service Factor- Up-Rated- Switchless Design 6.5” Frame Diameter ¾ 1.27 3450 230/115 60 5.4/10.8 EB852 56Y 11.24 22 298.00 1 1.25 3450 230/115 60 7/14 EB853 56Y 11.74 25 340.00 1½ 1.10 3450 230/115 60 7.7/15.4 EB854 56Y 11.74 26 396.00 2 1.10 3450 230/115 60 10.8/21.6 EB859 56Y 12.99 33 508.00 2½ 1.04 3450 230 60 11.5 EB840 56Y 12.74 33 626.00 SF Catalog Motor Motor HP SF RPM Volt Freq Amps Number Frame Length Wgt Price Standard Efficient- Low Service Factor- Up-Rated- Switch Type 5.5” Frame Diameter ½ 1.30 3450 230/115 60 4.1/8.2 EUSQ1052/SQD5UP1 48Y 9.5 19 285.00 ¾ 1.27 3450 230/115 60 5.9/11.8 EUSQ1072/SQD7UP1 48Y 10.28 22 298.00 1 1.25 3450 230/115 60 7.4/14.8 EUSQ1102/SQD10UP1 48Y 10.78 24 340.00 1½ 1.10 3450 230/115 60 8.8/17.6 EUSQ1152/SQD15UP1 48Y 11.78 29 396.00 2 1.10 3450 230/115 60 9.2/18.4 EUSQ1202/SQD20UP1 48Y 12.28 33 508.00 . C-Flange Pool And Spa Motors Category “C” and “J” SF Catalog Motor Length HP SF RPM Volt Freq Amps Number Frame Less Shaft Wgt Price Standard Efficient- Low Service Factor- Up-Rated- Switchless Design 6.5” Frame Diameter ¾ 1.00 3450 230/115 60 4.4/8.8 EB227 56J 10.27 21 290.00 1 1.00 3450 230/115 60 6/12 EB228 56J 10.77 24 324.00 1½ 1.00 3450 230/115 60 7/14 EB229 56J 10.77 25 367.00 2 1.00 3450 230/115 60 9/18 EB230 56J 12.02 31 506.00 2½ 1.00 3450 230 60 10.5 EB231 56J 11.77 33 605.00 Standard Efficient- Low Service Factor- Up-Rated- Switch Type 5.5” Frame Diameter ¾ 1.00 3450 230/115 60 5.9/11.8 EUST1072/JD75UP1 56J 10.44 18 290.00 1 1.00 3450 230/115 60 6.8/13.6 EUST1102/JD10UP1 56J 11.19 19 324.00 1½ 1.00 3450 230/115 60 8.7/17.4 EUST1152/JD15UP1 56J 11.44 24 367.00 2 1.00 3450 230/115 60 9.2/18.4 EUST1202/JD20UP1 56J 11.94 28 506.00 Polaris Pool Sweep Pump- New Style ¾ 1.50 3450 115/230 60 12.8/6.0 EB625 56C 14.00 25 370.00 22-1 Emerson Replacement Motors Continued .
    [Show full text]
  • AVL Consumption Measurement Systems
    AVL Consumption Measurement Systems Integrated Consumption Testing Solutions from Engine Testbed up to On-Road Application and Flow Measurement for Component Testing AVL Consumption Measurement Systems YOUR BENEFITS MARKET REQUIREMENTS AVL APPROACH • Shorter time needed to achieve development targets due to reliable AVL More stringent laws and regulations with regard to The call for higher test bed efficiency does not only More than 50 years of know-how in the field of con- consumption measurement systems, ensuring high levels of engine test bed CO2 and fuel consumption reductions in combination mean an easy installation and quick commission- sumption measurement technology, clever modular availability. with rapidly growing measurement costs are rais- ing procedure for the measurement system; it also product concepts in combination with a global ing the pressure on OEMs to develop engines even means a reliable fuel supply for the engine with pre- presence, sophisticated service and system compe- • Substantially reducing testing effort by means of shorter measurement faster. Development engineers of diesel and gasoline selected parameters, such as fuel temperature and tences make AVL the market leader in the field of times and high levels of measurement accuracy (for example, the reduc- engines are increasingly forced to implement mea- pressure. Highly precise fuel temperature control is consumption measurement. tion of the measurement effort during automatic engine calibration). surements in automatic operation with ever shorter required to achieve high measurement accuracy in measurement times, or in transient modes. the overall system at the engine test bed, even in • Protection of investments through modular design: Easy subsequent ex- case of low fuel consumption values.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrifying the World's Largest New Car Market; Reinstate At
    August 31, 2016 ACTION Buy BYD Co. (1211.HK) Return Potential: 15% Equity Research Electrifying the world’s largest new car market; reinstate at Buy Source of opportunity Investment Profile Electrification is set to reshape China’s auto market and we expect BYD to Low High lead this trend given its strong product portfolio, vertically integrated model Growth Growth and high OPM vs. peers. A comparative analysis with Tesla shows many Returns * Returns * strategic similarities but BYD’s new energy vehicle business trades at a sizable Multiple Multiple discount, which we see as unjustified given its large cost savings, capacity Volatility Volatility utilization, and front-loaded investment. China’s new energy vehicle market is Percentile 20th 40th 60th 80th 100th poised to deliver c.30% CAGR (vs. 4% for traditional cars) over the next decade. BYD Co. (1211.HK) We have removed the RS designation from BYD. It is on the Buy List with a Asia Pacific Autos & Autoparts Peer Group Average * Returns = Return on Capital For a complete description of the investment 12-m TP of HK$61.93, implying 15% upside. Our scenario analysis, flexing profile measures please refer to the disclosure section of this document. sales volume and margin assumptions, implies a further 30% valuation upside. Catalyst Key data Current Price (HK$) 54.00 1) More cities in China are likely to announce local preferential policies in 12 month price target (HK$) 61.93 Market cap (HK$ mn / US$ mn) 110,705.4 / 14,270.1 the new energy vehicle (NEV) segment once the result of the subsidy fraud Foreign ownership (%) -- probe is announced.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamo Or Magneto-Electric Ma Chine. No
    (Model.) 2. Sheets-Sheet i. C. E. BALL Dynamo or Magneto-Electric Ma Chine. No. 238,631. Patented March 8, 1881. Sir - Z “ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ZO m/ITNESSES. JNVENTOR, 4 TTORNEY: N, PETERS. PHOTO-THOGRAPHER, was lingtoN. O. C. - - (Model.) 2. Sheets-Sheet 2, C. E. BALL Dynamo or Magneto-Electric Machine. No. 238,631. Patented March 8, 1881. MITWESSES. IWYENTOR, 4/26.4%rver- a 6. 322 1427, 72-7---Y, 4 roRVE3 N.PETER8, Pioto-liographER. WashiGTON, d. c. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. CHARLES E. BALL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PEN NSYLVANIA. DYNAMO OR MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACH NE. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 238,681, dated March 8, 1881. Application filed November 18, 1880. (Model.) To all chon it may concern: the armatures between the opposite poles of Be it known that I, CHARLES E. BALL, a the same magnet, as is usual, I arrange them citizen of the United States, residing at the to rotate between unlike poles of two or more city of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadel field-magnets, and preferably in opposite di 55 phia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented rections. Each of the field-magnets has its new and useful Improvements in Dynamo or poles opposed to two armatures, while, con Magneto Electric Machines, of which the fol versely, each armature rotates within the in lowing is a specification, reference being had fluence of the opposing poles, respectively, of to the accompanying drawings, wherein two field-magnets, and hence I obtain two O Figure 1 is a plan of a (ly namo or magneto sepalate and (listinct coln stant currents from electric machine, composed of two field-mag as may allnatures.
    [Show full text]