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1 COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER: AN INQUIRY INTO THE DEEP SYMBOLIC NATURE OF THE VANISHING HONEYBEE by Bonnie Bright An investigative project submitted to Sonoma State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS With an emphasis in Depth Psychology Dr. Maria Hess, Chair Dr. (illda L:unnimlhAm1 Dr. Dianne Jenett Date/ Colony Collapse Disorder 2 Copyright 2009 By Bonnie Bright © 2009. Bonnie Bright Contact: 3 AUTHORIZATION FOR REPRODUCTION OF MASTER'S PROJECT Permission to reproduce this project in its entirety must be obtained from me. Permission to reproduce parts of this project must be obtained by me. DATE: \ d--.- d- - 09 Signature Colony Collapse Disorder 4 COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER: AN INQUIRY INTO THE DEEP SYMBOLIC NATURE OF THE VANISHING HONEYBEE Project by Bonnie Bright © 2009. Bonnie Bright Contact: 5 ABSTRACT This project is an investigative inquiry into the implications of a compelling and inexplicable event: the sudden mass vanishing of billions of honeybees in what is now termed Colony Collapse Disorder. Use of a Heuristic framework engenders a deep examination of the potential symbolic significance of bees in light of their mass disappearance at both an individual an<! cultural level. Employing a Jungian lens, this project considers the ongoing loss of honeybees from the shamanic perspective of soul loss, then examines the increasing rift between humans and nature in relation to colonization, all apparent factors in the condition of colony collapse. Last, this inquiry explores the link between the bees and the goddess in an attempt to understand how the increasing loss of the sacred feminine from our worldview correlates with the plight of the dying honeybee. Findings include a look at how the symbolic. meaning of Colony Collapse Disorder calls for regarding and beholding difficult situations and conflicting elements in order to allow the transcendent function to emerge. Rather than a rigid and surface attempt to analyze and fix the issue of the dying honeybees and to stave off our own potential colony collapse on a human scale, a return to earth and to nature, both inner and outer, is required. Chair: Signature MA Program: Psychology Sonoma State University Date: /-z-~ 9 I /0'7 Colony Collapse Disorder 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply touched and grateful to the myriad of individuals who loved and supported me through this project, allowing me to believe in myself and the work even when the going was tough. To Christophe, whose infinite love and support gave me hope and the courage to be who I am; to the wonderful teachers and mentors in the depth program at Sonoma State who launched me on this incredible journey; to Laurel McCabe for her endless and incontrovertible efforts to enable the program to find those who are seeking it; to my cohort who may never know how much I learned from each of them; and to my ancestors, guides, and all the beings—both visible and invisible--who desperately wanted this work to take shape in the world and showed up to make it happen—especially the bees. Special thanks and undying gratitude to my thesis committee, three smart and strong women whose incomparable essence never ceased to inspire and support me through every moment of this process: Dr. Maria Hess who gave me a magical image that empowered me to alchemically extract the essence of the bees and turn it into gold, and who never doubted me for a moment while she held the space for the work to take place with love and patience Dr. Linda Cunningham whose energy, optimism, and creative perspective is equaled by her vast knowledge, quick intellect, and ability to grasp the essence behind every idea and articulate it into words Dr. Dianne Jenett for teaching me the way of research and the inestimable value of telling a story, and for inspiring me to write © 2009. Bonnie Bright Contact: [email protected] Colony Collapse Disorder 7 Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter I – To Be Captivated ............................................................................... 11 Chapter II – Methodology: Making Honey .......................................................... 17 Heuristic Research ............................................................................................ 20 Investigative Methods....................................................................................... 25 Emergent Narratives ......................................................................................... 34 The Underworld............................................................................................ 35 On the Run.................................................................................................... 36 Soul Sucker................................................................................................... 39 Summary of Methods........................................................................................ 40 Chapter III – The Symbolic Perspective............................................................... 43 The Evolution of Modern Man ......................................................................... 46 The Hive as Self................................................................................................ 49 Differentiation................................................................................................... 50 The Empty Self ................................................................................................. 53 Individuation..................................................................................................... 59 Chapter IV: The Shamanic Perspective ................................................................ 63 The Sacred ........................................................................................................ 64 The Sacred Manifests in Nature........................................................................ 66 The Sacred Manifests in the Imaginal .............................................................. 68 © 2009. Bonnie Bright Contact: [email protected] Colony Collapse Disorder 8 Soul Loss........................................................................................................... 71 Soul Recovery................................................................................................... 74 Collective Soul Loss ......................................................................................... 75 Initiation and Direct Experience ....................................................................... 76 Chapter V: Between Honey and Pain: The Colonization of the Wild .................. 81 Cultivating Colonies ......................................................................................... 84 Colonization of the Wild................................................................................... 85 Colonization of the Other ................................................................................. 87 Colonization of our Own .................................................................................. 88 Colonization of the Bees................................................................................... 90 Colonized Labor ............................................................................................... 91 Chapter VI: The Queen Bee.................................................................................. 98 Bees in Myth and History ................................................................................. 99 Bees Eyes........................................................................................................ 102 Disregard and Psychic Numbing .................................................................... 107 Regarding Medusa ...................................................................................... 112 Summary......................................................................................................... 120 The Two Million-Year-Old Self ..................................................................... 124 Shadow. Surrender. Rebirth............................................................................ 133 © 2009. Bonnie Bright Contact: [email protected] Colony Collapse Disorder 9 INTRODUCTION “In all chaos there is a cosmos, in all disorder a secret order” (Jung, 1959, p. 32). “The upheaval of our world and the upheaval of our consciousness are one and the same” (Jung, 1970, p. 177). In October of 2006, just weeks after beginning the Depth Psychology program at Sonoma State University, I experienced a life-changing event: an encounter with what Carl Jung, twentieth century psychologist and one of the founders of depth psychology, called the numinous, a powerful unknown force. That event, for me, was inexplicable, earth shattering, and entirely unexpected, surpassing comprehension or understanding. Numinous, a term Jung borrowed from Otto Rank, describes “a dynamic agency or effect not caused by an arbitrary act of will” (Smith, 2007, p. 110), a force that can seize control over human subjects and alter their consciousness, arousing affect and bedazzling them. Jung correlated numinous with the soul, and believed a thing that is numinous is dichotomous: able to be both fascinating and attractive as well as terrifying and repelling at the same time. Jung insisted we cannot encounter the
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