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© 2013 Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases at the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland Copyeditor Małgorzata Wiesner Technical editor Joanna Myśliwiec Graphic design Łukasz Łukasiewicz DTP Joanna Myśliwiec, Wojciech Borowski Print Legra, Kraków First edition ISBN 978-83-7430-381-1 Wydawnictwo Medycyna Praktyczna ul. Krakowska 41 31-066 Kraków tel. 12 293 40 00, faks 12 293 40 10 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mp.pl Project co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the Małopolska Regional Operational Programme for 2007–2013 This book is dedicated to my family – my wife, Małgosia and our kids, Jakub, Mati, Natalia, Magda, and Hubuś, who have been with me every step along the way. Editors Editor-in-Chief Prof. Piotr Podolec MD, PhD Head of the Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College in the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland Vice-Director of the Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow, Poland Head of the Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases at the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland Regional Consultant for Cardiology in Małopolska Voivodeship Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Editors Assoc. Prof. Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka MD, PhD Lidia Tomkiewicz-Pająk MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Head of the Cardiology and Cardiosurgery Outpatient Clinic Monika Komar MD, PhD in the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases at the John Paul II Hospital of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland in Krakow, Poland Coordinator of the Congenital Heart Disease Programme Grzegorz Kopeć MD, PhD in the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Deputy Head of the Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases at the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland Coordinator of the Pulmonary Hypertension Programme Assistant Editors in the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland Piotr Musiałek MD, PhD Agata Leśniak-Sobelga MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Assoc. Prof. Wojciech Płazak MD, PhD Assoc. Prof Jacek Majewski MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases John Paul II Hospital, Department of Electrocardiology of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Jakub Stępniewski MD Jakub Podolec MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases John Paul II Hospital, Department of Hemodinamics of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland and Angiocardiography of the Jagiellonian University, Medical Coordinator of the Videoconsultation Meetings of the Centre for Rare College, Krakow, Poland Cardiovascular Diseases at the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland Coordinator of the website of the Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases at the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow; www.crcd.eu Marcin Waligóra MD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Paweł Rubiś MD, PhD of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Centre for Rare Cardiovascular Diseases at the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland Coordinator of the Heart Failure Programme in the John Paul II Hospital in Krakow, Poland List of contributors Prof. Eloisa Arbustini MD, PhD Prof. Jacek S. Dubiel MD, PhD Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Second Department of Cardiology of the Jagiellonian University, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy Medical College, Krakow, Poland Robert Banyś MSc Eng Hanna Dziedzic-Oleksy MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Radiology, Krakow, Poland John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Krzysztof Bederski MD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Krakow, Poland Karolina Dzierwa MD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Jacek Bednarek MD, PhD of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland John Paul II Hospital, Department of Electrocardiology of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Assoc. Prof. Andrzej Gackowski MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Coronary Artery Disease Prof. Andrzej Biederman MD, PhD of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Department of Cardiac Surgery Allenort Hospital, Warsaw, Poland Bogusław Gawęda MD Barbara Biernacka-Fijałkowska MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases and Transplantology of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Krakow, Poland Prof. Tomasz Bochenek MD, PhD Prof. Zbigniew Gąsior MD, PhD 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Poland Katowice, Poland Prof. Leszek Bryniarski MD, PhD Dominika Gryszówka MSc First Department of Cardiology and Interventional Electrocardiology John Paul II Hospital, Research and Development Office, Krakow, and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Poland Prof. Irena Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz MD, PhD Andrzej Brzychczy MD, PhD Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Paweł Heród MD Krakow, Poland John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Prof. Giovanni La Canna MD, PhD Echocardiography Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Marta Hlawaty MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Prof. John GF Cleland MD, PhD of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Studies, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital Katarzyna Holcman Student’s Scientific Group, Department of Electrocardiology Prof. Danuta Czarnecka MD, PhD of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland First Department of Cardiology and Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Assoc. Prof. Marek Jastrzębski MD, PhD Poland First Department of Cardiology and Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Danuta Mroczek-Czernecka MD, PhD Poland John Paul II Hospital, Department of Coronary Artery Disease of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Kamil Jonas Student’s Scientific Group, John Paul II Hospital, Department of Natalia Dłużniewska MD Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Medical College, Krakow, Poland of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Assoc. Prof. Anna Kabłak-Ziembicka MD, PhD Leszek Drabik MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland 10 Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Mariusz Kafara MD Prof. Jacek Lelakowski MD, PhD Department of Cardiology, L. Rydygier Specialty Hospital, Krakow, John Paul II Hospital, Department of Electrocardiology of the Poland Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Marta Kamińska MD, PhD Agata Leśniak-Sobelga MD, PhD Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Assoc. Prof. Bogusław Kapelak MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Anna Lisowska MD, PhD Transplantology of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Krakow, Poland Jacek Łach MSc Izabela Karch MD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Joanna Łuszczak MD Agnieszka Katarzyńska-Szymańska MD, PhD John Paul II Hospital, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, of the Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland Poland Agnieszka Madej-Pilarczyk MD, PhD Magdalena Kaźnica-Wiatr MD, PhD Polish Academy of Sciences,