In-Situ Fabric Coloration with Indigo Synthesized in Flow
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WO 2013/148295 A2 3 October 2013 (03.10.2013) P O P CT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/148295 A2 3 October 2013 (03.10.2013) P O P CT (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, D06M 15/19 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (21) International Application Number: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, PCT/US20 13/03 1830 KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (22) International Filing Date: ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, 15 March 2013 (15.03.2013) NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, (25) Filing Language: English TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, (26) Publication Language: English ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/618,166 30 March 2012 (30.03.2012) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (71) Applicant: CELANESE INTERNATIONAL CORPOR¬ UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, ATION [US/US]; 222 W. Las Colinas Blvd., Irving, Texas TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, 75039 (US). -
The Influence of Woven Fabric Structures on the Continuous Dyeing of Lyocell Fabrics with Reactive Dyes
The Influence of Woven Fabric Structures on the Continuous Dyeing of Lyocell Fabrics with Reactive Dyes A thesis submitted by Uzma Syed In accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Heriot-Watt University School of Textiles and Design Scottish Border Campus Galashiels November 2010 The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. To my Parents and Grandparents ACADEMIC REGISTRY Research Thesis Submission Name: Uzma Syed School/PGI: School of Textiles and Design Version: (i.e. First, Final Degree Sought Doctor of Philosophy Resubmission, Final) (Award and Subject area) Declaration In accordance with the appropriate regulations I hereby submit my thesis and I declare that: 1) the thesis embodies the results of my own work and has been composed by myself 2) where appropriate, I have made acknowledgement of the work of others and have made reference to work carried out in collaboration with other persons 3) the thesis is the correct version of the thesis for submission and is the same version as any electronic versions submitted*. 4) my thesis for the award referred to, deposited in the Heriot-Watt University Library, should be made available for loan or photocopying and be available via the Institutional Repository, subject to such conditions as the Librarian may require 5) I understand that as a student of the University I am required to abide by the Regulations of the University and to conform to its discipline. -
Dyestuff Reporter
AMERICAN DYESTUFF REPORTER Volume 47 January 27, 1958 Number 2 FAST DYES ON CELLULOSIC FIBERS T \ICKERSTAFF Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd Manchester 9, England INTRODUCTION in their brightness and range of fiber, and are therefore suitable for shades. Furthermore, large molecules cold dyeing and continuous process NE of the main preoccupations diffuse into cellulose very slowly so ing. To the dye molecule is attached Oof the dyer always has been the that if a direct dye molecule is made the reactive group, which contains ichievement of fast dyeings, but the larger to increase its affinity and wet one or two reactive chlorine atoms. )resent paper is concerned mainly fastness, it becomes increasingly dif In alkaline solution, reaction between vith the problem of wetfastness on ficult to level, and dyeing temper the dye and the hydroxyl groups in :ellulosic fibers. From the theoretical atures near the boil must be used in cellulose can occur to link the dye )oint of view, wetfastness can be ob- order to obtain penetration of the to the fiber by a definite chemical ained in two ways, namely: fiber in a reasonable time. Finally, bond. These dyes do therefore com 1) The introduction into the fiber direct dyeing must remain funda bine the simplicity of application of |.f insoluble coloring matters. Wet- mentally a reversible adsorption proc water-soluble dyes with high wet astness is then attained by the me- ess, and since the adsorbed dye re fastness properties to an extent which hanical retention of the pigment par- mains unchanged and water-soluble, has not hitherto been attainable. -
Denim – Construction and Common Terminology
Denim – Construction and Common Terminology Denim Construction Denim is made from rugged tightly woven twill, in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. Lengthwise, yarns are dyed with indigo or blue dye; horizontal yarns remain white. The yarns have a very strong twist to make them more durable, but this also affects the denim’s color. The yarns are twisted so tightly that the indigo dye usually colors only the surface, leaving the yarns center white. The blue strands become the threads that show on the outside of your denim, and the white are the ones that make the inside of your denim look white. This produces the familiar diagonal ribbing identifiable on the reverse of the fabric. Through wear, the indigo yarn surface gives way, exposing the white yarn underneath which causes denim to fade. Jeans are basic 5 pockets pants, or trousers, made from denim. The word comes from the name of a sturdy fabric called serge, originally made in Nimes, France. Originally called serge de Nimes (fabric of Nimes), the name was soon shortened to denim (de Nimes). Denim was traditionally colored blue with natural indigo dye to Black denim make blue Jeans, though “jean” then denoted a different, lighter cotton textile; the contemporary use of jean comes from the French word for Genoa, Italy, where the first denim trousers were made. Jeans transcend age, economic and style barriers. Washes, embellishments, leg openings and labels fluctuate with fashion whims, but jeans themselves have reached iconic status. Cross hatch denim Common terminology used in Denim fabric construction and processing ANTI-TWIST is a step in the finishing process, before sanforization, that corrects denim’s natural tendency to twist in the direction of the diagonal twill weaves. -
Indigo and the Tightening Thread 1 for the Journal of Weavers, Spinners and Dyers 231 Autumn 2009
Indigo and the Tightening Thread 1 For the Journal of Weavers, Spinners and Dyers 231 Autumn 2009 Jane Callender Natural indigo and synthetic Many varieties of indigo bearing plants flourish in indigo are both available to us. hot and temperate climates all over the world A key date in textile history is and more than one can be found in any one 1856 when 18 year old assistant region. The European indigo bearing plant is chemist William Perkins, Isastis Tinctoria, known as woad. stumbled upon, developed and Although there are an incredible number of patented the first synthetic species and subspecies, ‘indican’, the actual dyestuff from coal tar. ‘Perkins chemical source and precursor of indigo, a tiny Purple’ became known as organic molecule, is common to all. (A Large Mauvine. Later the German percentage in the woad precursor is also indican, chemist Adolf von Baeyer with Isatan B making up the rest) Consequently synthesized indigo which was ‘…..the resulting blue is indistinguishable even to sold on the open market in the specialist’ (Balfour-Paul) 1897. Astonishingly, the Harvesting the plants, extracting the indican molecular structure of natural present within the leaves and storage of the and synthetic indigo, as it was indigo pigment differs from country to country. then and as it is now, is the Though glycosides and enzymes vary, as does the same. alkalinity level and temperature of the water in which leaves are immersed, the following Dyeing can only be done graphics illustrates, in essence, the acquisition of with indigo in its soluble form natural indigo through fermentation. -
Effect of Cotton Structure and Surface Interactions on Dye Uptake
Effects of Cotton Structure and Surface Interactions on Dye Uptake by Genevieve Crowle BForensicSc(Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Deakin University December, 2016 DEAKIN UNIVERSITY DEAKIN UNIVERSITY CANDIDATE DECLARATION CANDIDATE DECLARATION I certify the following about the thesis entitled (10 word maximum) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ submitted for the degree of _______________________________________________ a. I am the creator of all or part of the whole work(s) (including content and layout) and that where reference is made to the work of others, due acknowledgment is given. b. The work(s) are not in any way a violation or infringement of any copyright, trademark, patent, or other rights whatsoever of any person. c. That if the work(s) have been commissioned, sponsored or supported by any organisation, I have fulfilled all of the obligations required by such contract or agreement. d. That any material in the thesis which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by any university or institution is identified in the text. e. All research integrity requirements have been complied with. 'I certify that I am the student named below and that the information provided in the form is correct' Full Name: .................................................…………………………….…………………………….… (Please Print) Signed: ..................................................................................…….…………………………………….. Date: ......................................................................................…….…….……………….…… Acknowledgements Thank you to my primary supervisors Stuart Gordon and Chris Hurren for their guidance and support throughout this project. Thank you also to Jackie Cai and Shouren Yang for their valued input. Thank you to the Cotton Research and Development Corporation for providing the funding that made this project possible. Thank you to Rob Long and Shouren Yang for providing cotton samples. -
Dyeing and Colour Fastness of Natural Dye from Citrus Aurantium on Lyocell Fabric DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.04.1686
Dyeing and colour fastness of natural dye from Citrus aurantium on Lyocell fabric DOI: 10.35530/IT.071.04.1686 NAVEED TAYYAB AWAN ASHRAF JAVEED RASHDI YASEEN SAYED ABBAS MUDASSAR REHMAN FAISAL FRAZ AHMAD WEI WANG AWAIS MUHAMMAD ABSTRACT – REZUMAT Dyeing and colour fastness of natural dye from Citrus aurantium on Lyocell fabric The use of natural dyes for textiles has attained attention due to their ecology, minimum impact on the environment and pollution. Therefore the objective of this study is to dye Lyocell fabric with natural dye extracted from orange peel for comparative analysis of colour efficiencies (K/S), CIE L*a*b* values and the colour fastness properties. The mordants applied were ferrous (II) sulphate and copper (II) sulphate. For the extraction of the dye, the aqueous extraction method was used. The pre-mordanting method was used and the dyeing effect on Lyocell fabric was analyzed at concentrations of 2% and 4%. It was observed that the mordant type employed had an influence on the colour efficiency and the colour coordinates of fabric dyed with Citrus aurantium dye. The colour efficiency (K/S: 4) and colour fastness to washing, light, rubbing and perspiration in all the dyed samples were better and excellent (grade 4–5) at 4% concentration. In overall results, the pre-mordanting method at 4% concentration gives the best results of colour efficiency and colour fastness properties. The performance analysis of colour fastness was also statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Keywords: natural dyes, orange peel, Lyocell, extraction, mordant, colour fastness Vopsirea și rezistența culorii colorantului natural din Citrus aurantium pe țesătura din Lyocell Utilizarea coloranților naturali pentru materialele textile a atras atenția datorită aspectelor legate de ecologie, impactul minim asupra mediului și poluare. -
Adire Cloth: Yoruba Art Textile
IROHIN Taking Africa to the Classroom SPRING 2001 A Publication of The Center for African Studies University of Florida IROHIN Taking Africa to the Classroom SPRING 2001 A Publication of The Center for African Studies University of Florida Editor/Outreach Director: Agnes Ngoma Leslie Layout & Design: Pei Li Li Assisted by Kylene Petrin 427 Grinter Hall P.O. Box 115560 Gainesville, FL. 32611 (352) 392-2183, Fax: (352) 392-2435 Web: http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~outreach/ Center for African Studies Outreach Program at the University of Florida The Center is partly funded under the federal Title VI of the higher education act as a National Resource Center on Africa. As one of the major Resource Centers, Florida’s is the only center located in the Southeastern United States. The Center directs, develops and coordinates interdisci- plinary instruction, research and outreach on Africa. The Outreach Program includes a variety of activities whose objective is to improve the teaching of Africa in schools from K-12, colleges, universities and the community. Below are some of the regular activities, which fall under the Outreach Program. Teachers’ Workshops. The Center offers in- service workshops for K-12 teachers on the teaching of Africa. Summer Institutes. Each summer, the Center holds teaching institutes for K-12 teachers. Part of the Center’s mission is to promote Publications. The Center publishes teaching African culture. In this regard, it invites resources including Irohin, which is distributed to artists such as Dolly Rathebe, from South teachers. In addition, the Center has also pub- Africa to perform and speak in schools and lished a monograph entitled Lesson Plans on communities. -
ABSTRACT FU, SHA. Studies on Dyeing
ABSTRACT FU, SHA. Studies on Dyeing Cationized Cotton. (Under the direction of Dr. Peter Hauser and Dr. David Hinks). Even with the extensive research and rapid development of synthetic fibers, cotton is still the dominant raw material due to its unique combination of properties, especially the natural comfort. Based on its cellulosic structure, cotton has good reactivity or affinity for a variety of dyes. With advantages in wet fastness properties and a wide range of hue, reactive dyes are one of the most commonly used dyes for cotton coloration. However, the conventional reactive dyeing process is plagued with a high degree of salt utilization and colored effluent due to unexhausted, unfixed, and hydrolyzed dyestuffs. This is caused by the same anionic charges of both reactive dyes and cotton in water, resulting in poor affinity of most reactive dyes for cotton. With the need for cleaner, cost-effective, and colorfast textile products, innovative technologies and improved processes have been developed for cotton coloration. As an important root to obtaining the desired dyeing performance with existing dyes, chemical modification of cotton fiber to impart cationic charges have been widely researched in recent years. By introducing cationic groups into cotton fibers, the affinity of anionic dyes for cotton was significantly improved, which allows the dyeing of cotton fabrics without salt and up to 100% reactive dye utilization. With less chemical, water, and energy consumption, the dyeing of cationized cotton is a potentially environmentally responsible process. The most commonly used cationic agent is 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) due to its relatively good reaction efficiency and low cost. -
Fundamentals of Natural Dyes and Its Application on Textile Substrates Virendra Kumar Gupta
Chapter Fundamentals of Natural Dyes and Its Application on Textile Substrates Virendra Kumar Gupta Abstract The meticulous environmental standards in textiles and garments imposed by countries cautious about nature and health protection are reviving interest in the application of natural dyes in dyeing of textile materials. The toxic and allergic reactions of synthetic dyes are compelling the people to think about natural dyes. Natural dyes are renewable source of colouring materials. Besides textiles it has application in colouration of foods, medicine and in handicraft items. Though natural dyes are ecofriendly, protective to skin and pleasing colour to eyes, they are having very poor bonding with textile fibre materials, which necessitate mordant- ing with metallic mordants, some of which are not eco friendly, for fixation of natural dyes on textile fibres. So the supremacy of natural dyes is somewhat sub- dued. This necessitates newer research on application of natural dyes on different natural fibres for completely eco friendly textiles. The fundamentals of natural dyes chemistry and some of the important research work are therefore discussed in this review article. Keywords: colour fastness, dyeing, extraction of natural dyes, natural dyes 1. Introduction After the advent of mauveine by Henry Perkin in 1856 and subsequent commer- cialization of synthetic dyes had replaced natural dyes, and since then consumption and application of natural dyes for textiles got reduced substantially. In present scenario environmental consciousness of people about natural products, renewable nature of materials, less environmental damage and sustainability of the natural products has further revived the use of natural dyes in dyeing of textile materials. -
Extraction and Application of Avocado Dyes on Eco- Friendly Fabrics Using Batik Technique
Report of the Minor Research Project Sponsored by UGC Principle Investigator: Dr. S. KAUVERY BAI Project Fellow: Pavitra S Associate Professor, Department of Textiles and Clothing Smt. VHD Central Institute of Home Science, (Autonomous) Seshadri Road, Bengaluru Extraction and Application of Avocado Dyes on Eco- Friendly Fabrics Using Batik Technique. Introduction Colour Attracts and holds attention.....humans have been attracted to colour and have devised ways to add colour to all things, and this has evolved into a science long before chemical dyes were discovered. Natural dyes have been used in early cave paintings as the first form of documented expression or communication. Later these dyes were applied as tattoos; permanent and temporary before showing up on textiles. All the murals depicting textiles in painting found in the caves at Ajanta and Ellora as well as the various paintings documenting the past, show coloured garments. A wide variety of natural materials were used in combination to get different colours, not only were these dyes, ‘clean colours’ but also were bright and fast when used on all kinds of natural fabrics. India is a country famous for its textiles especially dyed, printed, embroidered and intricately woven fabrics. When studying Natural dyes, it is seen that certain colours were automatically considered those of the privileged class, as they were available only at a high cost since the natural sources itself were found in limited quantities, e.g. Tyrian purple. Natural dyes are colours obtained from plant, animal or mineral sources. These natural matters are made to undergo various processes to extract colour from them. -
Improving the Colour Fastness of the Selected Natural Dyes on Cotton (Improving the Sunlight Fastness and Washfastness of the Eucalyptus Bark Dye on Cotton)
IOSR Journal of Polymer and Textile Engineering (IOSR-JPTE) e-ISSN: 2348-019X, p-ISSN: 2348-0181, Volume 1, Issue 4 (Sep-Oct. 2014), PP 27-30 www.iosrjournals.org Improving the Colour Fastness of the Selected Natural Dyes on Cotton (Improving the sunlight fastness and washfastness of the eucalyptus bark dye on cotton) R.Prabhavathi1, Dr.A.Sharada Devi2 & Dr. D. Anitha3 Department of Apparel and Textiles, College of Home Science, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU)Saifabad, Hyderabad -30, India. Part-V Abstract: This paper reports the improving the colourfastness of the natural dye with dye fixing agents, extraction of the colourants from natural sources; effects of different mordants and mordanting methods; selection of fixing agents; dyeing variables; post-treatment process and analysis of colour improvement parameters with fixing agents for cotton dyed with natural dye; assessed colour improvement with colourfastness test. Key words: Eucalyptus Bark natural dye, fixing agents, coloufastness, shade variations with dye fixing agents I. Introduction: In India, dyes from natural sources have ancient history and can trace their route to antiquity. It is interesting to note that India is one of the few civilizations to perfect the art of fixing natural dye to the cloth. Indian textiles were greatly valued and sought after for their colours and enduring qualities. Like most ancient Indian arts and crafts, part of the knowledge and expertise of natural dyes has traditionally passed down from the master crafts man to his disciples. Even though scientists have paid considerable attention in the post independence period to study the plants in relation to their pharmaceutical use, very little attention was paid to study the plants as sources of dyes and colourants.