28, 30, 34, 36, 48-59, 64-65, 66; Espionage Agent 49, 57 Flynn, Errol 28, 29, 32-33, 34, 35 Index making of 16, 52-54; Fascism 7, 8, 12, 27, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 42, Flynn, John T. 13 reception of 18, 19, 32, 49, 54-57, 69, 75; Fonda, Henry 36 64, 74; and the Spanish Civil War 36-37; For Me and My Gal 36 sources for 16, 52, 74 and Warner Bros. fight against it 15-24, For Whom the Bell Tolls 36-37, 75 Contemporary Soviet Propaganda and 49-59, 74; Ford, John 36 Disinformation conference 68 see also Nazis Foucault, Michel 42 Creel Committee Femme fatale 42-44 Four Minute Men 68 see Committee on Public Information Fight for Freedom Committee 68 Four Sons 57 9/11 15, 77 Bergman, Ingrid 22, 43 Buscombe, Edward 33 (CPI) Fighting Seabees 41 Franco, Francisco 36-37, 49 Abraham Lincoln Brigade 36 Berlin, Irving 22, 69 Bush, George W. 77 Creel, George 68, 74 Film 11-12, 15, 27, 28, 31, 51, 63; Fussell, Paul 76 Across the Pacific 21, 23, 36 Bernstein, David 64 Cagney, James 22, 28, 35, 50-51 Crisp, Donald 29 as allegory 31-33, 57; biopics 28, 31, 32, Gabler, Neal 61 Action in the North Atlantic 40 BFI Companion to the Western 33 Canadian Moving Picture Digest 55 Cromwell, John 44 33, 34, 35, 65; Garfield, John 46 Adventures of Robin Hood, The 28, 32, 52, 75 Bible, The 63 Capra, Frank 35, 66 Crump, Owen 18 didacticism and 32, 40, 75-76; Garland, Judy 41 Air Force 21 Bill of Rights 54, 58 Captain Blood 28 Culbert, David 69-70 educational potential of 19, 40, 42, 63, Geisel, Theodore 66 All Through the Night 26, 35, 36 Birth of a Nation, The 49 Captains of the Clouds 21 Curtiz, Michael 28, 32 65, 67, 70; General Dies at Dawn, The 36 Allegory 31-33, 57 Black Fury 28, 31, 34 Casablanca 21-22, 35, 36, 40, 43, 44, Custer, George Armstrong 33, 34, 35 escapist 12, 27, 28, 30, 39-40, 45, 47; Genre films see film America First Committee 30, 64 Black Legion 16, 31, 49, 51, 74 45-46, 75 Dante Alighieri 32 film noir 42, 44; German-American Bund 51, 52, 54, 55 American Film Institute 36 Blacklisting see House Un-American Castles in the Air 36 Daughters of the American Revolution 65 gangster 35-36, 54, 65, 75; German-American League 55 American Legion, The 16, 50, 65, 68 Activities Committee (HUAC) Cat in the Hat 66 Davies, Joseph 20, 21 military shorts 8, 18, 19, 21, 67, 69; Germinal 30 American Nazis 52 Blakley, Johanna 7, 8 Catholics and Catholic Church 30, 36, 63 Davis, Bette 21, 22 musicals 45; Gestapo 54 American Revolution 16, 31, 65 Blockade 36 Celebrity, Politics & Public Life 6, 7 Dawn Patrol, The 29 narrative qualities of 32, 33, 36, 39-42, God’s Angry Man 33 Americanism 18, 31, 54-55, 63, 65, 68 Bogart, Humphrey 22, 26, 28, 31, 35-36, Censorship 51, 52-54, 57, 74; Declaration of Independence, The 16 44-47, 74-75; Goebbels, Joseph 65 see also ideology 40, 43, 44 see also Committee on Public Information Demarest, William 26 patriotic shorts 16, 18, 21, 31, 61, 65, see also Confessions of a Nazi Spy and patriotism Bolshevism 57 and Production Code Administration Democracy 12, 13, 16, 30, 31, 50, 51, 52, 58, 66, 67, 68; Goldwyn, Samuel 68 An American’s History of Hollywood– Bond, Ward 50 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 68 64-65, 66, 67, 68, 69 politics in 15-16, 21, 22, 24, 27, 30-31, Good Earth, The 28 The Tower of Babel 63 Bordertown 28, 31 Chaplin, Charlie 50, 57, Depression, The 12, 50, 51 32, 33, 34, 35, 36-37, 49-59, 73; Grant, Cary 38, 46 An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Bosko’s Picture Show 16, 19 Charge of the Light Brigade, The 28 Destination Tokyo 21, 38, 39, 45, 46-47 as propaganda 19, 28, 30, 32, 39-47, 50, Grapes of Wrath, The 40 Invented Hollywood 61 Braudy, Leo 7, 8, 73, 74, 75 Chicago Daily News 70 Deutscher Weckruf Und Beobachter and 55, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 73-77; Grauman, Sid 50 Anti-Semitism 8, 12, 15, 27, 30, 51, 52, Breen office Civil War 31-34 The Free American 57 romance in 22, 40-42, 44, 46-47; Great Dictator, The 32, 57 62, 74 see Production Code Administration Clark, Bennett Champ 13, 18, 28, 32, 58, 69 Didacticism 32, 40, 75-76 screwball comedies 42; Greenstreet, Sydney 21, 36 see also Jews, Nazism, racism (PCA) Clurman, Harold 36 Dieterle, William 28, 36 war 21, 39-42, 44, 45, 46, 49, 70; Greibl, Dr. Ignatz 52 and prejudice Breen, Joseph 16, 27, 31, 36, 51, 52, 54, Cohan, George M. 22 Dive Bomber 21, 32, 33 westerns 27, 31, 32-34, 75; Griffith, D.W. 49 Army Emergency Relief Fund 22, 69 57, 74 Cohn, Harry and Jack 64 Dodge City 32-33 see also specific films Group Theatre 36 Astor, Mary 44 British Intelligence 49, 57 Columbia Pictures 64 Don Juan 11 Film Weekly 55 Gyssling, Dr. George 52 Baby Peggy 28 British Royal Air Force 16 Committee on Public Information (CPI) Donovan, William 68 First Amendment 18, 74, 77 Hawks, Howard 35 Barrymore, Lionel 54 Bryant, Nana 18 68, 74 Double Indemnity 44 First Motion Picture Unit (FMPU) 18, 19, Hays, Will 27, 57, 67, 68 Battle against Shop Thirteen, The 19 Buckner, Robert 33 Committee to Defend America and Friends Douglas, Melvyn 50 22 Hays Code see Production Code Battle of Algiers, The 77 Bunyan, Paul 32 of Democracy 68 Dreyfus, Alfred 16, 31 Five Graves to Cairo 76 Administration (PCA) Beaton, Welford 49 Bureau of Motion Pictures Communism 12, 18, 21, 50, 51, 58, 69, Edelman, Lou 49 Flag of Humanity 16, 18 Hayward, Susan 41 Beers, Charlotte 77 see Office of War Information Bureau 75, 76 Ehrlich, Paul 31 Flight Command 32, 57 Hell over Hollywood: The Truth about Bennett, Joan 42 of Motion Pictures Confessions of a Nazi Spy 8, 12, 13, 15, 17, Escape 32, 57 FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) 77 the Movies 63

94 WARNERS’ WAR: POLITICS, POP CULTURE & PROPAGANDA IN WARTIME HOLLYWOOD 95 Hemingway, Ernest 35, 36 66, 68-69 Loew, Arthur 64 Mussolini, Benito 36, 49 Poplowski, Kira 7 Saving Private Ryan 49 Henry, Patrick 65 It Can’t Happen Here 27 Looney Toons 28, 31, 66 My Four Years in Germany 12 Popular culture 24, 40, 42, 65, 75 Scarface 28 High Sierra 35 Ivens, Joris 36 Lorre, Peter 36 Nash, Gerald 65, 69 Popular Front 50 Screen 51 Historical filmssee Film biopics James, Henry 30 Lukas, Paul 22, 54 Nazi Spies in America 16, 52 Prejudice 16, 24, 27, 31, 33-34, 51-52, Sea Hawk, The 28, 31, 33, 49, 57 Hitchcock, Alfred 75-76 Jazz Singer, The 11 Luraschi, Luigi 52 Nazis and Nazism 7, 8, 12, 13, 15-22, 24, 55, 61, 74, 75 Sea Wolf 49, 57 Hitler, Adolph 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 27, Jews 12, 15, 18, 27, 51-52, 54, 57, 58, 64; MacMurray, Fred 44 26, 27, 30, 31, 34, 35-36, 41, 42, 49, see also anti-Semitism Seldes, George 30 30, 36, 42, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 63, in Hollywood 15, 18, 27, 30, 31, 50, Maltese Falcon, The 35, 36, 44 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57-58, 64, 65, 66, Pride of the Marines 41 Senate - Propaganda in Motion Pictures 66, 68 51, 56, 58, 63, 74; Maltin, Leonard 33 67, 72, 76 Pride of the Yankees, The 35 Hearings 13, 18-19, 28, 33, 36, 64, Hobson, Bishop Henry W. 68 in movies 16, 31, 52, 74; Malvina Pictures 31 see also Confessions of a Nazi Spy Private SNAFU 8, 19, 66 69, 74 Hokett, Randi 7 and Warner family background 11, Man Hunt 42, 45 Nelson, Richard Alan 67 Production Code Administration (PCA) 15, September, 11, 2001 Hollywood 39-47, 75; 61-63 March, Frederick 50 Neutrality Acts 28, 32, 36 16-18, 31, 36, 51, 52-54, 57, 67, 73, see 9/11 civic responsibilities of 12, 16, 63, 65, see also anti-Semitism March of Time newsreels 15, 28, 54 New York Post 52 74, 75 Sergeant York 13, 18, 19, 21, 32, 35, 71, 75 66, 77; Joe Smith, American 41-42 March On, Marines 18, 19 New York Times 16, 65, 69 Propaganda 7, 8, 13, 19, 24, 39-40, 42, 44, Service with the Colors 18, 19 political activism of 15, 34, 36, 49-59, Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee 50 Martin, Harry 66 Niven, David 29 45, 47, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 61, Sidney, Sylvia 51 68-69; Juarez 28, 49, 52 Massey, Raymond 30 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 72-77; Sinatra, Frank 42 relationship with Washington 7, 8, 15, Julius Caesar 32 McCarthy Hearings see House Un-American 77 ambiguity as the enemy of 75-76; Sister Cities International 77 21-24, 27, 28, 30, 61-71, 73-74, Kaplan, Martin 7, 8, 73, 76, 77 Activities Committee (HUAC) Norman Lear Center, The 7, 8, 73 American 30, 65, 66, 67, 75; Smith, Wendy 36 76-77; Karloff, Boris 57 Mead, Margaret 42 Nuremberg Laws 51 definition of 27, 28, 30, 67-68, 74-75; Snow, Nancy 7, 8, 73, 76-77 see also Jews in Hollywood Katz, Nicholas 64 Meet John Doe 35 Nye Committee see Senate, Propaganda in as displaced narrative 32-34; Sons of Liberty 16, 18 Hollywood Anti-Nazi League 15, 34, 50, 54 Kaufman, Joseph 64 Meet Me in St. Louis 41 Motion Pictures hearings vs. entertainment 55, 64, 67, 70; South Bend Tribune 55 Hollywood Be Thy Name 64, 65 Kazan, Elia 36 Mellett, Lowell 74 Nye, Gerald P. 13, 18, 28, 32, 58, 64, 65, 69 see also Senate - Propaganda in Spanish Armada 33 Holo, Selma 7, 8 Kelly, Gene 36 Meredith, Burgess 68 Odets, Clifford 36 Motion Pictures Hearings Spanish Civil War 31, 36 Hoover, J. Edgar 52 Kings of the Road 75 Metro Goldwyn Mayer (MGM) 15, 27, 28, Office of War Information Bureau of Public diplomacy 7, 73, 77 Spanish Earth 36 House Un-American Activities Committee Koslech, Martin 54 36, 41, 51, 54, 57, 64 Motion Pictures 19-22, 36, 69, 74 see also propaganda Stalin, Joseph 20, 21, 36, 76 (HUAC) 21, 28, 58, 69 Kristallnacht 51 Milestone, Lewis 36 Pacifism 7, 35, 75 Racism see prejudice Stander, Lionel 28 How We Advertised America 68 Krochmal, Norman 55 Mission to Moscow 12, 20, 21, 76 Paramount Pictures 35, 36, 37, 51, 52 Rains, Claude 18 Stanwyck, Barbara 44 Hull, Cordell 16, 55 Kuhn, Fritz 55 Mortal Storm, The 57 Parker, Dorothy 68 Reagan, Ronald 33, 75 Stewart, Jimmy 19 Hurrell, George 78 Lang, Fritz 42 Motion Picture Artists Committee to Parsons, Louella 36, 55 Red Cross 18, 50 Stroheim, Erich von 76 I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang 31 Last Train from Madrid, The 36 Aid Republican Spain 50 Pasteur, Louis 11, 31, 61, 65 Reveille with Beverly 41, 46 Stuart, Gloria 51 I Married a Nazi 57 Lawson, John Howard 36 Motion Picture Association of America 77 see also The Story of Louis Pasteur Robinson, Edward G. 28, 35, 48, 54, 55, Tanks are Coming, The 18 I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany 31 Lederer, Francis 54 Motion Picture Committee Cooperating Patriotism 12, 17-18, 22, 35, 36, 41, 63, 57, 58 Terrorism 7, 77 Ickes, Harold 68 Lend-Lease Act 66, 69 for National Defense 67 66, 70 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (FDR) 12, 16, Thalberg, Irving 51 Ideology 16; Levinson, Major Nathan 11 Motion Picture Herald 55 see also ideology 18, 19, 21, 22, 50, 61, 64, 65, 66-67, That Hamilton Woman 32 and conversion to the war effort 39, 44; Lewis, Sinclair 27 Motion Picture Producers and Distributors and film - patriotic shorts 68, 69, 70, 74 They Died with Their Boots On 34, 35 and heterosexual love 40-42, 46-47; Life of Emile Zola, The 16, 28, 30, 31, 32, of America 27, 57, 67 Pearl Harbor 35, 36, 45, 49, 58, 63, 69 Roosevelt, Theodore 21 They Won’t Forget 51-52 see also Americanism, communism, 34, 52, 65 Motion Picture Production Code Pentagon 77 Rosie the Riveter 21 Thin Red Line, The 49 fascism, Nazism, Lifeboat 76 see Production Code Administration Petrified Forest, The 35 Ross, Steven J. 7, 8, 73, 74, 75 This is the Army 22, 45, 69 and patriotism Lincoln in the White House 16, 18 (PCA) Pierson, Frank 8, 73, 74, 76, 77 Rove, Karl 76, 77 Thucydides 32 Inferno 32 Lincoln, Abraham 33, 66 Movie and Video Guide 33 Pigeon, Walter 42 Royal Canadian Air Force 21 To Have and Have Not 35 Inside Nazi Germany 15 Lindbergh, Charles 68 Movies see film Pilgrim’s Progress 32 Runyon, Damon 35 Totalitarianism 65 Isolationism 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 28, 30, Lischka, Karl 52 Muni, Paul 28, 30, 35, 50, 65 Plea for National Unity, A 68 Sandburg, Carl 70 see also Nazism 32, 34, 35, 42, 51, 55, 57, 58, 61, 64, Litvak, Anatole 54 Muslims 77 Polan, Dana 7, 8, 73, 74, 75-76 Sands, George 54 and fascism

96 WARNERS’ WAR: POLITICS, POP CULTURE & PROPAGANDA IN WARTIME HOLLYWOOD 97 Turrou, Leon G. 52, 55 on social obligation of filmmakers 16, Twentieth Century Fox 51, 57 51, 52-54 Copyright Information U.S. Air Force 13, Warner, Lewis 11 U.S. Army 13, 18, 19, 66, 67 Warner, Sam 11 U.S. Constitution 11, 27, 51, 54, 61 Warner Bros. 11-13, 14-24, 25, 27-30, 31, U.S. Department of State 68; 32, 34, 35, 39, 48-59, 61, 63, 64, 69, Shared Values Campaign 77 70, 74, 75; U.S. Navy 13, 67, see also Warner, Jack Underground 13, 18, 32, 49, 57, 72, 75, 76 and Warner, Harry United Artists 57 Warner Sheinbaum, Betty 8, 13, 51, 61 All images courtesy of USC Warner Bros. Archives except 16. Courtesy of Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library United Nations 69 Warner Sperling, Cass 64, 65 where noted. and Museum. “United We Survive, Divided We Fall” 63 Warners’ War: Politics, Pop Culture & 17. (1941) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. USC Annenberg School for Communication Propaganda in Wartime Hollywood Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. 7, 8, 73 exhibition 7, 13, 15-24, 28-29 Front cover: ©Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18. Courtesy of Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. USC Center on Public Diplomacy 7, 73 Watch on the Rhine 21, 22 1. ©Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19. (1942) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. USC Fisher Gallery 7, 8 Wayne, John 41 Courtesy Warner Bros. Corporate Image Archive. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. USC School of Cinema-Television 7, 8, 73 Welles, Orson 32 2. (1943-1945) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 20. (1943) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. USC Warner Bros. Archives 7 Wenders, Wim 75 Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Valenti, Jack 77 Wexley, John 54, 58 Courtesy Warner Bros. Corporate Image Archive. 21. (1942) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Veidt, Conrad 36 What Is Wrong with the Movies 63 3. ©Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Vietnam War 58 While You Were Gone 42 4. ©Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22. ©Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. Virginia City 32-33, 34 Willkie, Wendell 68-69 5. ©Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23. (1942) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Voltaire 65 Wilson, Woodrow 68, 74 Courtesy Jack L. Warner Collection, USC Cinema-Television Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Wag the Dog 77 Wings for the Eagle 21, 22 Library. 24. (1938) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Walsh, Raoul 28 Winning Your Wings 19 6. Courtesy Jack L. Warner Collection, USC Cinema-Television Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Wanger, Walter 36 Winter, Ella 51 Library and Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. 25. ©Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. Courtesy Warner Bros. War bonds 20, 22, 46, 71 World War I 7, 18, 30, 32, 35, 57, 66, 71, 74 7. Courtesy of the USC Annenberg Norman Lear Center Corporate Image Archive. All Rights Reserved. Warner, Albert 11 World War II 15, 28, 34, 36, 39-47, 49, 50, 8. (1942) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 26. (1940) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Warner, Benjamin 61 58, 63, 65, 66, 68, 69-70, 71, 73-74, 75 Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Warner, Doris 15 Yankee Doodle Dandy 14, 22, 33, 36 9. (1939) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 27. (1937) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Warner, Harry 8, 9, 10, 50, 55, 57, 60, 61-71; York, Alvin 18, 67, 68, 71 Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. politics of 7, 13, 15-16, 22, 24, 28-30, see also Sergeant York 10. (1939) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 28. (1942) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 34, 49, 51, 58, 68-69, 73, 74; You Can’t Print That! 30 Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. religious faith of 11, 61, 63; Young, Sen 21, 23 11. (1940) ©Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. All Rights Reserved. 29. (1941) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Senate testimony 19, 28, 58, 63, 64; Zola, Emile 11, 16, 31, 61 12. (1939) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. on social obligation of filmmakers 11- see also The Life of Emile Zola Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. 30. (1943) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 13, 61-63, 65, 66, 69, 70, 74, 77 Zukor, Adolph 51 13. (1940) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Warner, Jack 8, 9, 11, 19-21, 49, 52, 55, 57, Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. 31. (1942) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 73; 14. (1940) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. politics of 7, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Courtesy George Eastman House. 24, 28-30, 49, 51, 58, 61, 66, 68, 15. (1943) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 32. (1943) ©Turner Entertainment Co. A Warner Bros. 73, 74; Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved. Entertainment Company. All Rights Reserved.

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