A GUIDE TO THE OLD STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA Myron B. Sharp and William H. Thomas Part IV

VENANGO COUNTY Anderson Furnace (Phipps Furnace) Phipps Millsstood on Big Scrubgrass Creek, a mile above Kennerdell, and was an active place for a quarter of a century. In 1824 John Anderson built the first furnace in the township at this location. He came from Juniata County and was an experienced ironmaster. Ore was obtained from the surrounding hills and the neighboring forests furnished the charcoal. In 1835 Anderson sold the property to David Phipps, who carried on the operation of the furnace for several more years, manufacturing iron for the Pittsburgh market and stoves, pots, pans and kettles for the localmarket. He banked the furnace in1847-48. In1837 fireburned the furnace buildings, bellows, etc. Only the water wheel and stack survived. To reach this site, turn east from Pa. 308 3.2 miles north of Clintonville. Proceed on this road, L.R. 60011, for 2.5 miles. Turn right across a bridge onto L.R. 60010 and go for J4 mile. Turn right on a dirtroad to a bridge (about 0.4 mile).Park and walk down to Scrub- grass Creek. Cross the creek on the swinging bridge and walk up- stream about 0.2 mile. Remains of the furnace are to the right against the hillside. The interior stone stack is well preserved and several feet of it can be seen from on top of the ruins. The outside stone has tumbled down to about the top of the iron notch. Itis covered with trees and bushes. There is much slag around.

Bullion Furnace Was built in1840 on BullionRun. Itwas in good condition until about 1959, when an ice gorge tore out one side of the furnace. The interior stack stillis ingood condition. A large piece of iron, probably a break- out, isin the run about 50 feet downstream from the furnace. Itwould weigh a ton or more. About 100 yards above the furnace is a house foundation. 366 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER

We reached this furnace by following these directions :Take Pa. 308 north from Clintonville for 3.7 miles to the village of Bullion. Turn east on T-349. Follow this road 1.7 miles and park near a gate on the left side of the road where there is a sharp right turn. Go through or around the gate and down a lane north. When the lane separates, keep to the right. The leftlane leads to a summer cottage. Go down the right lane to the creek. This lane isin very bad condition. Water has washed it out in several places. Cross the bridge over the creek. This bridge has several good-sized trees growing in the middle of it.Turn right and go downstream. Follow the pipeline running along the creek. When the pipeline crosses the creek, you do the same. Shortly after the second crossing you willsee the stack on the left bank. There are large piles of slag in sight. The furnace is approximately J4 mile downstream from the bridge. Itmight be easier to go upstream from where L.R. 60011 crosses Bullion Run, about JHs mile south of the bridge over the Allegheny River at Kennerdell. We did not try this, but it looks shorter than the way we went.

Castle Rock Furnace (Lytle Furnace) (Sandy Furnace) In 1836 Sandy Furnace was built by William Cross and Thomas Hoge on South Sandy Creek. Later the name was changed to Castle Rock. Italso was known as Lytle Furnace after C. E. Lytle, who owned and operated it for several years. Cross and Hoge sold it to Heaton and McConnel (failed).Later owners were McKee and Harris (failed), Painter, Graff and Company, Bingham and Company, C. E. Lytle and Company and J. Painter and Company, who closed it down in 1860. Its greatest capacity was three tons a day. This furnace, like so many others in Venango County, is in a very wild,inaccessible place. To get to it, follow U.S. 62 west from Franklin and through the town of Polk. About 1 mile west of Polk turn left on Pa. 965 \y2 miles. Turn left on T-399. About yA mile down this dirt road is a brick house on the right and a large barn on the left. Park here and proceed on foot for about J4 m^e t0 tne rst road to the right. This isbadly overgrown and is easy to miss. Either road takes you to the furnace but the one to the right is the shorter. Follow this road down the hill,a distance of about 1 mile. About Y^ of the way down the road it jogs sharply to the right for several hundred feet, then sharply left. Do not miss these turns. This lane is in very bad condition but fairly easy to follow. The furnace is on the 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 367

south side of a small run which enters the South Sandy. The furnace is in good condition. Enormous piles of slag show that itoperated for many years even if it lost money. About /$l mile upstream are the ruins of a small village where the furnace workers lived.

Franklin Furnace (McClelland's Furnace) Built by George McClelland on Big Sandy Creek about 1825-1830, it was successful for several years, judgingfrom the amount of slag inthe vicinity. This furnace stillis inexistence although in very bad condi- tion. A large millrace runs along the base of the hillfrom somewhere west of Pa. 8 to the furnace. Itthen makes an abrupt right turn, and the tailrace runs south to the creek. Go to the north end of the Pa. 8 bridge over Big Sandy Creek. Turn sharply east and follow the dirt road about 100 yards to a pipe- line clearing. Park and follow the pipeline north to the base of the hill,about 200 feet, then turn right along the millrace about 100 feet. The ruins are across the race. Most of the stone appears to be there, but itis tumbled down.

Halls Run Furnace This furnace presents a mystery. None of the county histories speak of it.In 1840 the name "Hughes and Crawford" appeared on the tax books of Cranberry Township as owners of a furnace. Allother fur- naces in the county are accounted for, so this must be the Hughes and Crawford furnace. Apparently it was never inblast. We searched the vicinity of the furnace for slag and found none. This could account for the fact that nothing has been written about it. The hole or notch for the blast was not centered on the west side. This would have caused the air to enter tangentially. From present day knowledge of blast furnace operation we realize that this is wrong and that the furnace would have been "cold." It was definitely built as a blast furnace but evidently never blown in. To reach this site, turn north from U.S. 322 0.5 mile east of its junction with Pa. 257 in Salina (or Cranberry) to T-558. Go north on this road for 1.8 miles to the Biddle farm on the right side of the road. After obtaining permission, drive east past the barn and through the fields to the edge of the woods. Go through a gate and straight ahead for 100 feet to the creek. The furnace was across the stream and not near a hill. This means that there must have been a ramp for charging the burden into the furnace. 368 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER

Horse Creek Furnace (Clay Furnace) This furnace was built in 1836 by Sam Bell, who was the owner of the Oil Creek Furnace. It was blown in during 1838 and was managed by William Bell,Sam Bell's son, and WilliamDavis. In1843 Bell went bankrupt and was sold out by the sheriff. Ed Evans, Sr., bought the plant in 1844 and operated it until 1853. It was then controlled by his two sons for two years, then one year by Michael Henry before being abandoned. To reach this furnace follow U.S. 62 east from OilCity about 3 miles. Turn left on a cinder road witha sign "Oakwood Rose Gardens." About 100 yards after entering this road, turn sharply left on a private road that leads to the Oil City Boat Club. Follow this road over the hilland down to the river. When it crosses Horse Creek, you willsee the furnace to the right on the far bank. Itsets on the edge of a tennis court. The top 10 or 12 feet of the stack are missing but the remainder is in good condition. There is some slag on the hillside back of the furnace. Jackson Furnace Was built in 1833 by Smullin and Richards. Shortly after its erec- tion, Smullin bought Richards' interests and was sole owner until 1844, when he sold it to the Hatch Bros. Thereafter itchanged owners several times and finally was abandoned in 1856. This furnace is in very good condition, but it is surrounded by a dense thicket which makes itimpossible to get very close. This location may be reached by going to the village of Van on U.S. 322, 4 miles east of Salina. At Van turn north on T-391. About 0.4 mile from U.S. 322 the road turns sharply to the left. A lease road or lane continues straight ahead. Follow this lane about mile. You may not be able to drive all the waybecause of the condition of the lane. A path goes to the right toward the creek and a swimming hole. The furnace is on the right side of this path about 100 to 150 feet from the lane and quite close to East Sandy Creek. Jane Furnace William Cross, one of Venango County's first ironmasters, erected this furnace in 1840 on Scrubgrass Creek. It was named for his wife, Jane Weakley Cross. Very little remains of the plant except a pile of stones and rubble. There is slag and also several pieces of the lining nearby. 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 369

To reach this furnace, go west on Pa. 208 for 0.5 mile from Pa. 308 crossing in Clintonville. Park at the east end of the highway bridge over Scrubgrass Creek. Go north along the east side of the creek about 0.4 mile to a suspension bridge. Cross this bridge and continue down- stream to its junction with a smaller stream coming in from the west. The furnace ruins are against the bank on the south side of the small creek at the junction. Slag and pieces of lining cover the valley floor on both sides of the creek. Nearby are ruins of several buildings that probably constituted a mill. Iimagine that the stone for these structures came from the stack of Jane Furnace. Kraemer Furnace This furnace was built in1846 by Lewis Kraemer. He sold it to Steele and Richards, and they sold it to H. Reynolds, who then sold a half interest to Adam Kraemer. These two men then owned the furnace until 1862, when it was abandoned (History oj Venango County, by Edward (Kirke) White, published by J. A. Caldwell, 1879). We were unable to locate this furnace. Guy M. Rogers, a local historian, asked many of the old timers in Cooperstown about this furnace. Years ago there was a Kraemer Forge north of town, where L.R. 6038 crosses Lake Creek, but all trace of this operation has disappeared. Mr.Rogers and other persons with whom we talked knew about this forge and also about the Union, Texas and Liberty Furnaces in the area. We assume that the Caldwell account was in error. It should have read "Kraemer Forge." Information to the contrary will be welcomed by the writers.

Liberty Furnace Was built by a Dr. Williams and William Geist in 1841 or 1842, near the head of Beatty Run. Itwas abandoned in 1853. The furnace is only a few yards below a beautiful waterfall. Ice and high water have badly damaged the plant. Itis only a pile of cut stone at the present time. Parts of two walls, a building foundation nearby and very littlemore can be seen. The location is one of the most beautiful in Venango County. To reach this site, follow U.S. 322 north and west from Franklin to Hannasville, 9.7 miles. Turn right on L.R. 60037 3.4 miles. Just past a cemetery on the right, turn—right on T-591 one mile and then left on T-352 to the top of the hill about y2 mile. Park here and go across the field on the right, following a faint lane known as Furnace 370 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER

Road down the hillto the creek which runs almost parallel to it.Look for the falls. The furnace is a few yards below the falls and on the far bank of the run.

McCalmont's Furnace About 1832 or 1833 Alexander McCalmont built a quarter stack furnace about 20 feet high and with a 6 or 7 foot bosh about % m^e above the "upper" bridge on the north bank of the river at Franklin. He sold itto Samuel F. Dale in 1834. About 1842 a frame building, 100 feet square, was built upon the site of the furnace, which was still standing at that time although not in service. No trace of this furnace remains today. Alarge manufacturing plant now covers the entire area.

Oil Creek Furnace (Crary's Furnace) Was erected about 1824 or 1825 by Stockberger, Kinnear and Reuben Noyes, onland purchased from Indian Chief Cornplanter for $2,121. It was located on the east side of the mouth of OilCreek. With the furnace, the owners built a foundry, mill,warehouse, boat landing and several houses. InSeptember 1825 Williamand Frederick G. Crary took over the business, and they conducted it for the next ten years with vigor. But in 1835 the property was sold by the sheriff, Andrew McCaslin, to William Bell. For fourteen years the Bells, William Bell and son and finally Samuel Bell,operated this furnace as well as the Horse Creek Furnace. No trace of Oil Creek Furnace remains today. The stack was believed to have stood on approximately the site of the railroad station. In 1964 a Holiday Inn was built over the site of the furnace. While excavating for the foundations, part of the old millrace was uncovered.

PORTERFIELD FURNACE (GLEN FURNACE) (MlLLCREEK FURNACE) This furnace was built in 1837-1838 by Joseph Porterfield on Mill Creek about J4 mile above its mouth. Charles Shippen bought the furnace and operated it until it was abandoned in 1851-1852. Untilabout 1959 this furnace was in excellent condition. At that time high water or an ice gorge inMillCreek undermined one corner and caused it tocollapse. The inner stack still isin good shape. The founda- tion walls of the cast house are plainly visible. Part of the old mill wheel could stillbe seen lying in the creek in 1960. To reach this furnace, go to Emlenton in the extreme southeast corner of Venango County. Start north from Emlenton on Pa. 38. At 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 371 the edge of town turn left on L.R. 60013 0.9 mile. Bear left on T-522 about 4 miles. You willpass a sign on the left, "Dotter Eddy," about 2% to 3 miles after turning onto T-522. At 4 miles there is a hairpin turn to the left, then back to the right as the road starts up a steep hill. Park here. Proceed on foot on old roadway straight ahead along the right bank of MillCreek (left side as you face upstream). You will find the furnace on this bank of the stream about J4 m^e fr°m where you parked. Ifthe water is low you can cross over the creek and back again near the furnace. Ifthe water is high you willhave to climb up the steep side of the hilland back down in order to pass a steep cliff beside the creek. This furnace appears to have been very large.

President Furnace In1846 Ralph Clapp, his wife and six children settled at President on the Allegheny River about 11 miles east of OilCity. In 1854-1855 he built a blast furnace on Hemlock Creek about y^ mile from its mouth. It was about equal in size and capacity to other furnaces inthe county but the period for profitable iron manufacture in small blast furnaces was nearing its end, so after a few years the President Furnace was banked and never was put inblast again. Visiting this furnace, follow U.S. 62 east from Oil City for 11 miles. Turn right on L.R. 60030 (sign says "To Venus") for about 50 to 75 yards, then left on a cinder road about 200 yards, then right to cottages at the end of the road. The house on the right is a log cabin. Several old foundations can be seen along the road to these cottages. The furnace is several hundred feet back of the log cabin and next to the hill.This furnace was round and was built of the largest cut stones that we ever have seen in a furnace. Itis inbad condition, but there are several courses of stone still standing.

Raymilton Furnace In 1844 A. W. Raymond built a furnace at Raymilton and manu- factured large quantities of pig iron. Inaddition to the furnace, Mr. Raymond had a store, a milland a small foundry where he made plows, hoes, pots, etc., for the local farmers. This furnace is inrather poor condition. One opening still can be seen and parts of three walls are standing. An old building beside the furnace has a large water wheel in the basement. Itwas used after the furnace was out of blast to drive oil pumps, saw mills,etc. Raymilton was a very busy place during the second half of the 19th century. 372 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER

To reach this site, followU.S. 62 west from Franklin and through Polk. About 1mile west of Polk turn left on Pa. 965. Follow this road 3 miles and turn right on L.R. 60018. At the bottom of the hill, 1mile from Pa. 965, there is a bridge over Sandy Creek. Just before reaching the bridge, turn right on a dirt lane. About 100 yards down this road you will see a frame building on the right with the furnace just beyond it.

Reno Furnace (North Bend Furnace) Was built in1844 on Sandy Creek by Hoover and Reed, and was sold by the sheriff in 1848. A large furnace with an 8j4 foot bosh and a capacity of 1350 tons a year, this furnace is in excellent condition and serves as home for many animals, including raccoons, groundhogs and opossums. To visit this furnace, follow U.S. 62 west from Franklin and through Polk. Three and one-half miles past Polk, the road starts up a steep hill.Park at the bottom of the hilland walk left to the railroad. Cross the creek on the railroad bridge and walk back toward Polk. The railroad makes a large bend to the right just past the bridge. It also is in a deep cut at this point. Leave the tracks where the cut starts and go to the left toward the creek. Keep close to the base of the hill.Inabout 200 feet you willsee the furnace. Itis quite close to the railroad, which is in the cut at this point.

Rockland Furnace This furnace, built in 1832 by Andrew McCaslin, is one of the best preserved stacks in Western Pennsylvania. Itis situated about 100 yards below one of the most beautiful waterfalls that we have seen. The millrace and wheelpit still are almost intact. An old newspaper account tells that Andrew McCaslin loaded a barge withpigiron from the furnace and started for Pittsburgh with his wife and several other persons. A few miles downstream the barge overturned in some rapids, and McCaslin and his wife were drowned. Later the furnace was operated by Rockwell, Dempsey and Week, WilliamSpeer and E. W. and H.M.Davis. The Davis brothers oper- ated the plant until it was blown out in 1854. To reach this furnace, follow U.S. 322 east from Franklin to Salina. Turn south on Pa. 257 to Freedom. Follow T-480 from Freedom to the end of the road at Rockland Station. Park here and walk up Shulls Run about % m^e- The furnace is to the left against

I

Above : Laurel Hill Furnace, Westmoreland County Below :Valley Furnace, Westmoreland County 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 373 the hillside. Continue upstream about 100 yards to the waterfall. It alone is worth the trip.

Slab Furnace Was built in 1832 by William Cross. Itreceived its name, so the story goes, from the peculiar manner in which it was built. "A trench was dug around a space of ground the size the furnace was to be. He then erected posts, some 20 feet high, setting them 2 feet apart then sided up the inside with slabs/' As far as we can tell now, the furnace was built the same as any other — that is, of flat field stones, not cut stones, and this probably is the reason for the name "Slab." The plant was abandoned sometime after 1839. One side of the furnace has fallen down, showing the inner stack. Millrace and wheelpit still can be traced. Several bare spots in the fields nearby show where charcoal was burned. To visit this furnace, follow U.S. 322 5.6 miles east from the east end of the bridge over the river at Franklin to Egypt Corners. Turn south on T-514 about \y2 miles to its junction with T-512. Bear left on T-512 and proceed l1/^ miles. As you descend the hill toward the bridge over Sandy Creek you can see the stack across an open field to the left. Itis near the creek and in a small grove of trees, the only ones away from the creek bank.

Stapely Furnace (Shippen Furnace) This furnace, built in 1835 by Charles and Richard Shippen, was named for a relative of the family. Itwas steam-powered and set some distance back from MillCreek. In fact, itis quite high up a hill.The ruins look like a giant milk bottle standing in the field. Most of the outer stone has been removed and you see only the round brick inner stack. Toreach this location, follow Pa. 38 north from Emlenton. About 1J4 miles past Mariasville, as you are going up a hill,you willsee the stack inback of a barn on the left side of the road and about 150 feet back from the road.

Texas Furnace This furnace was built by James Porter about 1840. Itwas leased for a time by McCalmont and Bush, and was blown out before 1846. This furnace was on Sugar Creek below Cooperstown. The ruins may be seen at Cooperstown. At the west end of the 374 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER bridge over Sugar Creek in Cooperstown turn south on T-372 0.6 mile (0.2 mile beyond the end of the pavement) to a farm house and barn on the left. The furnace is back of the barn at the foot of the bank. Itnow is only a pile of stone and rubble, but it stillis recognizable as a furnace. A large millrace runs along the base of the hill. The field between the furnace and the creek is covered with slag.

Union Furnace Jacob Geist and Dr. Williams built this round furnace in 1850. They sold it to Hughes and Bevin, who closed it down in 1854. Itis inpoor condition and badly overgrown with long grass and weeds. To inspect this plant go north on U.S. 322 from Franklin to Wyattville. Turn right on Pa. 427. Follow Pa. 427 past the Valley Furnace and through Cooperstown. One mile above the bridge in Cooperstown, turn right on T-595 and then left on the first road, T-384. The furnace is between the road and the creek less than ]/^ mile from this intersection. There are quantities of slag below the furnace.

Valley Furnace (Orleans Furnace) Was built in1848 by Wellington, Lee and Porter. Itevidently changed hands very soon because a newspaper account in 1850 speaks of E. Burrett Gray of Orleans Furnace who was half-partner of the firmof Raymond and Gray, owners of the furnace. Valley-Orleans is round, made of cut stone and has four openings. The upper part was removed several years ago, but there still are eight or ten courses of stone standing. To reach this site, follow U.S. 322 north from Franklin and through Wyattville. Turn right on Pa. 427. About *4 m^e fr°m tne intersection Pa. 427 starts a curve to the right. Atthis point the furnace can be seen about 75 to 100 feet from the road and to the left. Traces of the millrace and the dam can be distinguished.

Van Buren Furnace This furnace was built in 1836 by Thomas Hoge and William and Sam Cross. It was sold many times prior to 1851, when it was sold at sheriffs sale. A short time after that it was abandoned. During its life it was owned at various times by James Eaton, John W. Howe, Solomon Ulmon and probably John Lyon. Most of the plant still is standing, although much of the outer wallhas fallen down. At the time 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 375 we visited the furnace a large piece of pigiron was lying on the creek bank near the furnace. You may reach this furnace by going east from Franklin on U.S. 322. About 1}£ miles from the east end of the bridge over the Al- legheny River, turn left on L.R. 60078 which parallels Lower Two MileRun. Follow this road Ij4 to 1^4 miles. Look for the furnace on the right, below the road and between the road and the creek. Itcan be seen from the edge of the road.

Victory Furnace Andrew Bonner built this furnace in 1843 on Victory Run in Victory Township. Later owners were Archibald and Joseph Bonner, Alexander Hayes and George Crawford who allowed the furnace to fallinto decay. Crawford sold it to R. C. Shorts. The furnace went out of blast probably in 1850. Itis said that the Shorts family, who owned the property for many years, operated it for a short time prior to the Civil War (1859-1860) ;but there is no record in the tax books or elsewhere to substantiate this claim. This furnace is probably the most difficult to get to of any in Western Pennsylvania. Go south from Franklin on Pa. 8 to the summit of South Pecan Hill,which is the hill just south of Sandy Creek. About 100 yards south of the summit marker a lane goes to the east. This lane could be traversed in a jeep but not in a conven- tional car. Follow it about }% m^e to where you see some abandoned coal mines on the left. At this point leave the lane and proceed down- hill to the right. Keep bearing to the right as you go down the hill. Along this hillside there is an interesting formation known as Indian Rocks. It was used as a shelter by the Indians and many artifacts have been found there. When you come to a small creek, turn left and follow it down- stream. This run joins Victory Run, and at the junction is Victory Furnace. As you go down the small stream you will see the old millrace running to the left and along the base of the hill.Follow itand itwilllead you directly to the furnace. Inaddition to the millrace you can still see the tailrace, wheelpit and casthouse foundation. On the bench above the furnace are the ruins of the charcoal house. A tramway once ran down along Victory Run to Sandy Creek. Traces of it still can be seen, and old spikes that held the rails can be found even though the rails have been removed and the ties have long since rotted away. 376 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER

Webster Furnace This furnace was built by Week and Dempsey on Bear Creek, a branch of Pine Run, in 1838. When the firm became bankrupt the stock was closed out by Hogue and Huston, and the business was discontinued. A stone cutters' masterpiece, the plant is square on the bottom, but about twelve courses up the stack, it becomes octagonal. Still in good condition, it however is surrounded by a heavy growth of trees and brush. There is a depression in the ground on the east side which no doubt was the wheelpit but now is a small swamp. To reach this furnace, go south on Pa. 38 from its junction with U.S. 322. This intersection is about 1*4 miles east of Van. Go 1.1 miles south on Pa. 38 and turn right on T-381. Follow this road lj^ miles. You willcross a bridge, and then the road makes a sharp turn to the left.A "lease road" or lane goes straight ahead. Park here and walk the lane. The furnace is on the right side in the angle of a sharp turn to the right and just before crossing the creek.

WESTMORELAND COUNTY Baldwin Furnace Built in 1810 on Baldwin Run by James Stewart and Henry Baldwin, it was inblast only a short time. Itis remarkable, that after so many years, and considering its location close to a road, it stillis in fairly good condition. Ithas two openings and two setbacks. Located on State Game Lands, the game wardens now keep the brush cut, on and around the furnace. To reach this furnace, go to New Florence on Pa. 711. At the borough line (east of town) turn south on L.R. 64063 for 2.1 miles to a parking lot of State Game Lands No. 42. On this road you will pass Laurel HillFurnace on the left. As no cars are allowed in the State Game Lands, you willhave to walk 1.3 miles from the parking lot to the furnace. This dirt road continues straight ahead from the road leading into the lot.You willsee a sign on the left pointing to the furnace which sets just below the road. The road goes over what was the charging bench for the furnace. Part of the upper stack is miss- ing, but what is left is ingood condition.

California Furnace Was built by Col. J. D. Mathiot and Dr. S. P. Cummings in1853 on 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 377 what now is known as Furnace Run, but which in 1853 was known as California Run. It was sold to Alexander Cavan, who invested a fortune init but realized very little return. This was the last furnace to be built in the county. Boucher's History of Westmoreland County says that, because the furnace was built on the level, a series of ramps were used to take the burden to the top of the furnace. Boucher also offers a picture titled "California Furnace." The furnace shown is Ross Furnace, and California Furnace is located beside a hillwith traces^ of charcoal and ore still there, so the account of the charging ramps is not true. To reach this site go toLaughlintown onU.S. 30 east of Ligonier. InLaughlintown turn south at the hotel. Proceed on this road about 2 miles. On the way, you pass the old Westmoreland Furnace on the left. At the foot of the hill you cross the run on a covered bridge. Continue on this road for about 0.8 mile. You willpass one house on the right which was the boarding house for the workmen at the furnace. About a hundred yards past the house there is a sign on the left with an arrow pointing across the creek to the furnace ruins. Cross the footbridge and the ruins are right there. They are about 15 feet high and about 30 feet in diameter. Most of the outer stones have been removed. The curve of the inner lining can be seen. A sign at the road says that the furnace was builtin 1838, but most authorities agree on the 1853 date of construction.

CONEMAUGH FURNACE Two different accounts give two different dates for the building of this furnace. One account gives 1820 to 1830 and the other says 1847. Both accounts agree that a J. McGillbuilt the plant and one account also gives Gen. Foster White as a co-owner. To reach this place, go south from the junction of Pa. 711 and l Pa. 56, on Pa. 56 approximately \/2 miles. Here you willfind a wide space at the side of the road where you can park and a dirt road going down the side of the hill.Follow this road to where itlevels off. Turn 180 degrees and follow an older road to the bottom of the hill.Cross the railroad and continue toward the river to where the land falls off abruptly. Turn right and continue along the edge of this slope to where the river bank comes close to the railroad. Go down the slope and look for the ruins. Only a small retaining wall, a pile of stones, and some old foundations remain. Some round depressions in the ground may have been beehive oven sites. Between this point and the river are large 378 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER

quantities of slag. You can see slag all along the river bank from this place downstream. We believe this to be the site of Conemaugh Furnace.

Fountain Furnace Constructed before 1812 by J. Mayberry and Company. Nothing is known of its operation. The stack was 32 feet high and 30 feet square at its base. Ithad two setbacks. Two sides are standing, but the other two have fallen down. The roots of trees and brush force the stones apart and slowly the stacks collapse. The inner stack of sandstone still is in fair condition. To visit this furnace take Pa. 31 to Pa. 381 to the north, just east of Jones Mill.Go north onPa. 381 0.7 mile. Turn east into an old lane for 0.4 mile to where the road splits. Go to the left (north).Itmight be better to walk this road as itis very rough. About 0.7 mile from where the road divides you can see the furnace to the left of the road. Itis about 100 yards from the creek. There is a summer home or camp near the road just past the furnace. Underbrush isheavy around the furnace.

Hannah Furnace (Unity Furnace) Was built about 1810 by John Beninger. He also built a small forge on the same creek near the present town of Bolivar. We believe we found the site of the furnace although its location does not agree with the description given in the Westmoreland County histories. We found a bench of the proper height with an overgrown roadway leading up to it,iron ore on the bench, and an abrupt drop-off at the place where the furnace would have been, a long ridge of large pieces of charcoal slag leading in a northwesterly direction from the furnace site. Although there were no large stones, as described in an account written in 1949, there is a stone retaining wall, along the creek, which was built since 1949. This could account for the disappearance of the large stones. To reach this site follow Pa. 711 to West Fairfield, then travel east on L.R. 64067 3.2 miles to Ross Mountain Park Golf Course and junction withL.R. 64065. Follow this road around the golf course and past the Ross Furnace which stands on the course a few feet from the road. Continue on this road untilyoupass the end of the reservoir dam. Turn right into the next lane and walk to the base of the dam. Go left to the hillside and start along the foot of the hill. You will see the bench and road mentioned above, the long slag pile, etc. 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 379

Hermitage Furnace Was builtby Gen. Arthur St. Clair in 1803 and named for his home a few hundred yards to the east. St. Clair lost the furnace along with all his other possessions by default on a bond to Gen. James O'Hara. The furnace was reactivated in 1816. J. H. Hopkins, later Bishop of Vermont and President Bishop of the Episcopal Church in America, was clerk and manager. Dr.Martha Corrine Love of Greensburg, who lived in the old St. Clair home and played around the old stack when she was a little girl, told us that the furnace stood about halfway between the red house at the creek and the concrete block garage, against the hillside,as usual in those days. Two ramps leading to the bench are still to be seen. A.L.Keltz who lives in the house at this location says he remem- bers that as a young boy he rode past the spot on occasion and remem- bers seeing the old stack along the hillside just east of the creek. To reach this site go \y2 miles northeast from the square in Ligonier on Pa. 711. Stop at the bridge over MillCreek. At the east end of the bridge there is an old house. Back of the house and at the foot of the hill are depressions that we think are the wheelpit and tailrace. From the bridge you can see that the yard of the house is on slag fill.

Laurel HillFurnace Was built in 1845 and 1846 by Hezekiah Reed, Gallagher and Hale. Itwas later owned by Judge J. T.Hall of Centre County. Not much is known about this furnace. One account says it went out of blast in1855 and another says it was in blast in 1860. This furnace was well built and is in the best condition of any furnace in the county. Ithas four arches, compared to the usual two or occasional three. Itis fastened together withfour tie rods in each direc- tion. The owner has kept the brush cut and consequently the stones have not been pushed apart by roots. Because of lack of fallin the creek at this point, a wheelpit 35 feet deep was dug and lined withcut stone. From the bottom of the pit a 4-foot diameter tunnel, also lined with cut stone, goes downstream a quarter of a mile where itemerges beside the stream. To reach this furnace, take Pa. 711 to New Florence. At the eastern edge of town turn south on L.R. 64063 to the first road to the left. Follow this road across the creek and then bear right at the forks. Total distance from Pa. 711 is 1.1 miles. The furnace is on the 380 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER

left just past the forks. The property is posted with "No Trespassing" signs, so go to the house on the hillin the fork and ask for permission to go to the furnace. The stack is only a few yards from the road so you can see most of it without entering the property. Ifyou continue on this road you willcome to Baldwin Furnace.

Lockport Furnace Was erected in 1844 by Thomas and William McKennon. Itwas not successful and went out of blast in 1846. To visit the site of this furnace, follow Pa. 711 to West Fairfield. A little more than y2 mile north of the center of the town, turn west onL.R. 64190. Follow this for \y2 miles to a crossroad. Bear right on L.R. 64061, a dirt road. Follow this road for about 1% miles to the bottom of the hilland the village of Lockport. When the road makes a 90-degree right turn and you can see an old store building on the left side of the road to the right,go about 100 feet and park. Straight ahead on an old lane you will see an old church. The furnace stood on the low land below the lane and just before reaching the church. The lane was the charging bench. No trace of this furnace remains today.

Mt.Hope Furnace (Hope well Furnace) Was built on Roaring Run in 1810 by Trevor and McClurg. As early as 1835 the furnace was said to have used coke made from local coal either to replace or to augment the use of charcoal. Allthat now re- mains of this furnace is a pile of stones and rubble about 10 feet high and a large slag pile nearby. To reach this location, follow Pa. 31 to Donegal; Pa. 711 south about one mile to the town of Champion, then east on L.R. 64074 500 feet to a township road to the left. Go one mile east on this township road to the house of the caretaker of Camp Aliquippa (Boy Scout). Signs direct you to the camp. The furnace is about 200 feet in back of the caretaker's house, down over a bank and near the creek.

Mt.Pleasant Furnace Built on Jacobs Creek about 1810 by Alexander McClurg,it was blown out about 1820 while under the supervision of a Mr. Freeman for whom the nearby falls in Jacobs Creek was named. This furnace and its site are no longer in existence. The furnace stood on the southeast bank of the creek about 400 feet west of Free- mans Falls. The Pennsylvania Turnpike now passes directly over this 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 381 spot. Slag can be found along the creek below the Turnpike, but nothing else remains of this furnace. To reach this spot, go to Donegal and then proceed west on Pa. 31 about 1*4 miles, then north on L.R. 64132 2J4 miles to a township road to the left just past L.R. 64201 to the right. Just before reaching the bridge over the turnpike turn off to the right and park. Freemans Falls is there and a few feet below the falls the creek goes under the turnpike. An old mill with an enormous water wheel near the falls is of interest.

Oak Grove Furnace This cold blast charcoal furnace was built in 1854 by J. Clifford on MillCreek about y* mile above its junction with Hanna's Run. Itre- mained inblast slightly more than three years, being blown out in 1858. To visit this site proceed north from Ligonier on Pa. 711 two miles to the village of Oak Grove. Turn left on L.R. 64006, cross the bridge over MillCreek (about 100 feet from Pa. 711), turn right at the end of the bridge and walk along the creek bank for 100 to 150 yards to the base of the hill.You will see a quantity of slag in the fieldand along the creek. At the hillturn left to the old barn foundation, about halfway from the creek to the farmhouse. The barn foundation is on the site of the furnace.

Ramsey Furnace Was built in 1847 by Frederick Overman and Dr. J. P. Speer of Pittsburgh. Iron Manufacturers' Guide (1859) says that this was a cold blast charcoal furnace. The ruins are on the side of the hillfar above the river, so we may assume that it was steam powered, and this assumption combined with the date of construction leads us to believe that it was a hot blast furnace. Also all of the slag that we saw was coke slag, showing that at least in its later years itused coke instead of charcoal. To reach this furnace, go north from U.S. 22 on Pa. 819 about 4 miles east of Delmont. Follow this road through Slickville and Perryville. About 1mile beyond Perryville, Pa., 819 makes an abrupt left bend. Do not turn but go straight ahead on L.R. 64261 through Salina to where the road veers right, away from the railroad. Park here and walk the railroad tracks until you come to an abandoned tunnel on the right. Just past the tunnel a spur goes to the right and up the hill. About 100 yards along this spur leave the track and walk 382 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAM H. THOMAS OCTOBER straight up the hill. About 200 feet up the hillyou willfind piles of slag and above them, on a bench, you willsee the furnace ruins. Ross Furnace Was builtin1815 on Tubmill Creek by James Paull, J. D.Mathiot and Isaac Meason. This furnace was inblast in1850. The furnace sets near a green on Ross Mountain Golf Course and itis well taken care of. The outer walls are in perfect condition, but the upper part of the inner stack has been rebuilt and does not have the smooth appearance that the lower part has. To visit this furnace, follow Pa. 711 to West Fairfield, then turn right on L.R. 64067 3.2 miles to Ross Mountain Park. Continue around the golf course on L.R. 64065 to the far end. The furnace sets to the left across the fence from the road. There is slag near the creek and probably under parts of the golf course. Valley Furnace (Hillsview Furnace) Was built by L.C. Hall and Company in 1850. Coke was burned in piles near the furnace and was used instead of charcoal. Itstands in plain view about 60 feet from the road and is in good condition. Con- structed of uncut stone, 36 feet square at the base, it has four arches and a 10-foot-diameter bosh. This makes it one of the largest of the stone furnaces. A large slag pile is in the field across the road. To reach this furnace, go north from Ligonier on Pa. 711 ap- proximately 5 miles. Turn right on L.R. 64069 0.2 mile and you will see the furnace to the right in an open field. Washington Furnace Johnson, McClurg and Company built this furnace in 1809 on Furnace Run. Itwas abandoned in 1826. In 1848 it was rebuilt by John Bell and Company and was operated until 1854. The interior, of fire brick, is intact but the outer walls have fallen. Near the furnace there is a large salamander taken from the furnace. Itis probable that it was removed when the furnace was remodeled in 1848. To see this furnace, go 1mile east of Laughlintown on U.S. 30. Turn left through stone pillars just east of Washington Furnace Inn. Go down this private road 0.3 mile to the creek. A house sets beside the creek. Obtain permission from the owner to cross this property to a small bridge over Furnace Run. Cross the bridge and you willfind the old stack about 50 feet ahead against the hillside. It is in dense underbrush. 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 383

Westmoreland Furnace This was the first furnace built in Westmoreland County. Christopher Lobinger and Brothers built it in 1794 on Furnace Run, later called California Run. In 1795 George Anshutz, who had built and operated the Shady side Furnace in Pittsburgh, was the manager. John Probst bought the plant in 1798. Stoves and castings were made there. The furnace was blown out for good before 1810. Itis now a pile of stone and rubble, overgrown with trees and brush. The outside stones were removed and used to build the water tower at the Rolling Rock Country Club. To reach this furnace, turn south from U.S. 30 at the hotel in Laughlintown. Go straight ahead on this private road about lj^miles. After crossing a road at the top of the hill,continue straight ahead down the hill. When the road turns right and traces of an old road continue straight ahead, you will see a frame farmhouse on the far side of a clearing. The furnace is below the hill to the right of the old house. Itis a 10- or 12-foot-high mound of dirt and stone. Ifyou continue on past this furnace, and turn across the covered bridge you will come to the California Furnace. Note: After U.S. 30 all roads are private.

ADDENDA CONEMAUGH FURNACE (HODGES FURNACE) Is inEast Conemaugh, Cambria County (not to be confused with the Conemaugh Furnace in Westmoreland County). G. W. Hodges of New Yorkbuilt this furnace in1857. He sold itin 1869 to the Cambria Iron Company which rebuilt it in 1873 and operated it until about 1889. The Johnstown Flood of that year probably played an important part inits discontinuance. Itwas a coke furnace powered by steam and used local and Blair County ore. Nothing remains of this enterprise except the presumed charging bench. The site may be reached by going from Johnstown northeast on Pa. 271 to Franklin. Cross the bridge to East Conemaugh, turn left on Chestnut Street and go to its end. Straight ahead you willsee the gate into the fenced property of the Bethlehem Mine Corporation. From studying an old map we think that the furnace stack stood slightly to the right of the gate and back a few yards from the fence. New build- ings now occupy the ground where the stack, boiler house and other 384 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAMH. THOMAS OCTOBER structures stood. Only the bench across the creek is still there. Even the lower part of the creek has been moved so that itnow flows around the property instead of through it. This furnace was not mentioned in any of the histories, or if it was, we have missed it. Our source of information was Mr. M. P. Moore of Leavittown, Pennsylvania, who sent us the maps and the information given above.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Adams, Marcellin C. "The Charcoal Iron Furnace at Shadyside Station in Pittsburgh," Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine, XX,101-112, June, 1937. Africa, J. S. History of Huntingdon and Blair Counties, 1883. Albert, G. D. History of the County of Westmoreland, 1882. American Iron and Steel Institute. The Saugus Ironworks Restoration. Babcock, Charles A. Venango County, Her Pioneers and People, 1919. Bausman, J. H. History of Beaver County, 1904. Berg, S. M.Some Facts and Figures of Fayette County, 1951. Bining, A. C. Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture in the Eighteenth Century, 1938. Boucher, J. N. History of Westmoreland County, 1906. Oldand New Westmoreland, 1918. Brown, R. C. and Company. History of Butler County, 1895. Brown, Runk and Company. History of Mercer County, 1888. Caldwell, J. A.Illustrated Historical Combination Atlas of Clarion County, 1877. . History of Indiana County, 1880. Chase and Hufty. Map of Venango County, 1865. Davis, Tarring S. History of Blair County, 1931. Durant, Samuel W. History of Mercer County, 1877. Ellis, Franklin. History of Fayette County, 1882. Everts, L.H. & Co. History of Lawrence County, 1877. .History of Mercer County, 1877. Federal Works Agency. Miscellaneous Historical Transcripts from old News- paper Files, New Castle, Pa. Gebhardt, Harry L. Some Old Iron Furnaces of Western Pennsylvania, United OilManufacturing Company, Erie, Pa. Hetrick, Calvin W. The Iron King, Morrisons Cove Herald, Martinsburg, Pa. Holowaty and Squarcy. Journal of Metals, "Colonial Ironmakers," May, 1957. .Journal of Metals, "The Age ofMineral Coal," July, 1957. Horn, W. F. The Horn Papers (Scottdale: Herald Press, 3 vol., 1943). Lewis, F. Map of Fayette County, 1832. Liston, M.Hays. Program of Wharton Furnace Restoration Dedication, October 7, 1962. Metz, W. Roy, and Hoenstine, Floyd G. Royer Family. National Park Service, Historical Handbook Series No. 8. Hopewell Village, Dennis C. Kurjack. Pearse, John B. A Concise History of the Iron Manufacture of the American Colonies, 1876. 1965 STONE BLAST FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 385

Pennsylvania Historical Association Quarterly Journal (Pennsylvania History), Vol. 19, April, 1952, "Stone Stack Smelting Furnaces in Westmoreland County," J. Paul Harman. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg. Cornwall Furnace. Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames of America. Forges and Furnaces in the Province of Pennsylvania. Peters, Jr., Richard. Two Centuries of Iron Smelting in Pennsylvania, 1921. Rieseman, Joseph. History of Northwestern Pennsylvania, 1943. Rupp, Israel D. Early History of Western Pennsylvania and of the West, 1846. Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, various county reports. Sell, Jesse C. History of Altoona and Blair County, 1911. Sharpsville Herald. Old Sharpsville Furnace article. Smith, Robert W. History of Armstrong County, 1883. Stewart, J. T. History of Indiana County, 1913. Swank, James M.History of the Manufacture of Iron in AllAges, 1892. .IronMaking and Coal Mining in Pennsylvania, 1878. Swetnam, George. "Steel's Forgotten Shrine," Pittsburgh Press, June 4, 1960. Tittsler, L.M. "Charcoal Blast Furnaces inMercer County," Sharon Herald, 1935 (photostats). United States Department of the Interior, Hopewell Village. University of Pittsburgh Press, Lois Mulkearn and Edwin V. Pugh. Traveler's Guide to HistoricPlaces in Western Pennsylvania, 1954. Weingartner, W. Old Economy, Map of Beaver County, 1832; Map of Beaver Falls. Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine. Articles in Volumes XIV (1931) through XLII(1959). Western Pennsylvania Historical Survey. Guidebook to Historic Places, 1938. White, Edward (Kirke). History of Venango County, 1879. White, John G. Twentieth Century History of Mercer County, 1909. Wilson, Theophilus L."The Iron Industry in Clarion County," Western Penn- sylvania Historical Magazine, XX, 15-30, March, 1937. Wilt,L.E. Historical Map of Blair County, 1942.

CORRESPONDENCE Bish, Arnold, Kittanning, Pa. Correspondence about Old Redbank Furnace. Gillespie, Stanley A., Greenville, Pa. Correspondence about iron furnaces in Butler and Mercer counties. Hartman, Jesse L., Hollidaysburg, Pa. Correspondence about Blair County furnaces. Love, Dr. Martha Corrine, Greensburg, Pa. Information about St. Clair's Hermitage Furnace. Metz, W. Roy. Information about Blair County furnaces. Moore, M.P., Leavittown, Pa. Maps and pictures ofEast Conemaugh Furnace. Morrison, Mrs. Charles A. (Venango County Historical Society). Correspond- ence about Venango County furnaces. Mosier, Rodney, Uniontown, Pa. Correspondence about Fayette County furnaces. 386 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAM H. THOMAS OCTOBER

Muller, Irving B., Johnstown, Pa. Information about furnaces in Cambria, Indiana and Westmoreland counties. Swartzwelder, B. M., Connellsville, Pa. Information about furnaces in Fayette County. White, Harold E., Butler, Pa. Correspondence about furnaces in Beaver and Butler counties.

INDEX Name County Page Name County Page A Center (Fayette) 273 Allegheny (Armstrong) 82 Chimney Rock (Blair) 95 Allegheny (Blair) 93 Clarion (Clarion) 192 Alliance (Fayette) .271 Clay (Mercer) 288 American (Armstrong) 82 Clay (Venango) 368 Anderson (Venango) .. .365 Clinton (Allegheny) 81 Annadale (Mercer) .... .291 Clinton (Clarion) 192 Ashland (Cambria) .188 Colwell (Armstrong) 86 .... Conemaugh (Cambria) 383 B Conemaugh (Westmoreland) 377 Baker (Indiana) .... 282 Coolspring (Fayette) 273 Bald Eagle (Blair) 93 Corsica (Clarion) 193 Baldwin (Westmoreland) 376 Cowanshannock (Armstrong) 85 Bassenheim (Beaver) ... 90 Crary's (Venango) 370 Bear Creek (Armstrong) 83 Beaver (Clarion) 191 D Beaver Falls (Beaver) 90 Deer Creek (Clarion) 193 Bennington (Blair) .... 93 Dudley (Butler) 185 Bens Creek (Cambria) 189 Dunbar (Fayette) 273, 280 Biddle (Armstrong) .. 84 Big Bend (Mercer) .. 287 £ Black Fox (Clarion) .. 191 Eagle (Clarion) 194 Black Lick (Indiana) .. 282 Eliza (Cambria) 190 Blacks (Clarion) 200 Elizabeth (Bedford) 91 Blair (Blair) 94 Elizabeth (Blair) 95 Blanche (Mercer) ... .288 Elk (Clarion) 194 Bloomfield (Bedford) 91 Erie (Erie) 202 Bonner (Armstrong) 85 Esther (Mercer) 288 Brady's Bend (Armstrong) 84 Etna (Blair) 97 Breakneck (Fayette) '273 Etna (Fayette) 274 Brighton (Beaver) ... 90 Etna (Lawrence) 284 Brownfield (Fayette) 277 Bruin (Butler) 185 P Buchanan (Clarion) .... 191 Fairchance (Fayette) 274 Bucks Run (Fayette) 275 Fairfield (Fayette) 274 Buena Vista (Indiana) 283 Fayette (Fayette) 275 Buffalo (Armstrong) .. 85 Finley (Fayette) 273 Bullion (Venango) 365 Forest (Forest) 281 Fountain (Westmoreland) 378 C Franklin (Clarion) 202 California (Westmoreland ) 376 Franklin (Venango) 367 Cambria (Cambria) 189 Frankstown (Blair) 95 Canoe (Blair) ... 99 Fremont (Lawrence) 284 Carrs (Clarion) 200 Castje Rock (Venango) 366 G Catfish (Clarion) 192 Gap (Blair) 96 STONE BLAST 1965 FURNACES IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 387

Name County Page Name County Page Gaysport (Blair) 96 Lucinda (Clarion) 196 Glen (Venango) .370 Lytle (Venango) 366 Great Western Iron Works (Armstrong) 84 M Greenville (Mercer) .289 Madison (Clarion) 196 Mahoning (Armstrong) 86 H Maple (Butler) 186 Halls Run (Venango) .... .367 Marion (Butler) 187 Hamburg (Mercer) .289 Martha (Blair) 96 Hannah (Westmoreland) .378 Martha (Clarion) 197 Harriet (Blair) 96 Martha (Lawrence) 285 Harry of the West (Mercer) .289 Mary Ann (Clarion) 197 Helen (Clarion) 194 Mary Ann (Fayette) 276 Hemlock (Clarion) 195 Mary Ann (Greene) 281 Hermitage (Westmoreland) .379 Mazeppa (Mercer) 290 Hickory (Butler) 185 McCalmont's (Venango) 370 Hillsview (Westmoreland) 382 McClelland's (Venango) 367 Hodges (Cambria) 383 McCrea (Armstrong) 86 Hollidaysburg (Blair) 96 McKinley (Lawrence) 284 Homewood (Beaver) 90 Meason, Isaac House (Fayette).... 281 Hope (Lawrence) .... .284 Middle Maria (Blair) 98 Hope (Mercer) .288 MillCreek (Cambria) 190 Hopewell (Bedford) 92 MillCreek (Venango) 370 Hopewell (Westmoreland ) .380 Mineral Ridge (Mercer) 290 Horse Creek (Venango) ... .368 Monroe (Clarion) 198 Huston (Fayette) .278 Monticello (Armstrong) 87 Mt.Etna (Blair) 97 I Mt. Etna (Butler) 187 Indiana Iron Works (Indiana) 282 Hope (Westmoreland) 380 Iron City (Mercer) 290 Mt- Pleasant (Clarion) 193 Mt.Pleasant (Westmoreland) 380 J Mt. Vernon (Cambria) 190 ~ Mount Vernon (Fayette) 276 Jackson (Somerset) 00 Myra Jackson (Venango) .. •gg (Lawrence) 285 Jane (Venango) .368 N Jefferson (Clarion) .. }^ Neshannock (Lawrence) 286 Johnstown (Cambria) •l*i New Furnace (Erie) 202 Juniata (Blair) • y° New Laurel (Fayette) .276276 New Redbank (Clarion) 199 K North Bend (Venango) 372 Karthaua (Clearfield) .202 Katen (Clarion) 199 O Kensington (Butler) 186 Oak Grove (Westmoreland) 381 Kraemer (Venango) 369 OilCreek (Venango) .370370 (Old) Cambria (Cambria) 189 L Old Furnace (Erie) 202 Laurel Hill(Westmoreland) .379 Old Laurel (Fayette) 277 Lawrence (Lawrence) 285 "Old"Redbank (Armstrong) 87 Leather wood (Clarion ) .200 Olney (Armstrong) 86 Lemnos (Bedford) 92 Oregon (Mercer) 291 Liberty (Venango ) .369 Ore Hill(Armstrong) 88 Licking (Clarion) 195 Orleans (Venango) 374 Limestone (Clarion) 196 Little Falls (Fayette) 275 P Lockport (Westmoreland) 380 Phipps (Venango) 365 Loop (Indiana) .283 Phoenix (Armstrong) 88 Lower Maria (Blair) 98 Pike (Clarion) 198 388 MYRON B. SHARP AND WILLIAM H. THOMAS OCTOBER

Name County Page Name County Page Pine (Armstrong) .... 89 Slab (Venango) 373 Pine Grove (Fayette) 277 Sligo (Clarion) 201 Polk (Clarion) 197 Soapfat (Blair) 99 Porterfield (Venango) .370 Soapfat (Clarion) 194 Powers (Lawrence) . .286 Somerset (Somerset) 294 President (Venango) . 371 Sophia (Lawrence) 286 Prospect (Clarion) 198 Springfield (Blair) 99 Springfield (Mercer) 292 0 Springhill (Fayette) 279 Quaking Asp (Clarion) 195 Stapely (Venango) 373 Stewardson (Armstrong) 89 R Ramsey (Westmoreland) 381 t Raymilton (Venango) . 371 Temperance (Mercer) 289 Rebecca (Blair) \u25a0W Texas (Venango) 373 Redbank (Clarion) 1^9 Tippecanoe (Clarion) 201 Redstone (Fayette) Reed (Mercer) 291 Reno (Venango) 100 Union (Fayette) 280 Richland (Clarion) {on Union (Venango) 374 Ritter (Cambria) .. 1 j2 Unity (Westmoreland) 378 Rock (Armstrong) Upper Rockingham (Somerset) 293 Maria (Blair) 98 Rockland (Venango) .... 372 Rodman (Blair) 98 V Ross (Westmoreland) 382 Valley (Venango) 374 Royer (Blair) 99 Valley (Westmoreland) 382 Van Buren (Venango) 374 S Victory (Venango) 375 St. Charles (Clarion) 200 St. John's (Fayette) 278 w Sandy (Venango) .366 Wampum (Lawrence) 287 Sarah (Blair) . 98 Washington (Clarion) 201 Sarah (Clarion) .200 Washington (Westmoreland) 382 Seth and Hill(Mercer) 292 Webster (Venango) 376 Shade (Somerset) i; Wellersburg (Somerset) 294 Shady side (Allegheny) 82 West Middlesex (Mercer) 292 Sharon (Mercer) 291 Westmoreland (Westmoreland) 383 Sharps ville (Mercer) 288 Wharton (Fayette) .280 Shippen (Venango) ... Wildcat (Clarion) .202 Shippenville* (Clarion) 2200 Williamsburg (Blair) 96 Wilroy (Lawrence) 287 \u2666Misspelled; "Shippensville" on page 200. Winfield (Butler) 188