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Studies on Digenetic Trematodes of Some Fishes of Karachi Coast

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Studies on Digenetic Trematodes of Some Fishes of Karachi Coast STUDIES ON DIGENETIC TREMATODES OF SOME FISHES OF KARACHI COAST NEELOFER SHAUKAT Department of Zoology, Jinnah University For Women, Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan. 2008 STUDIES ON DIGENETIC TREMATODES OF SOME FISHES OF KARACHI COAST BY NEELOFER SHAUKAT M.Sc., M.Phil THESIS SUBMITED TO JINNAH UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN FOR FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) IN THE SUBJECT OF ZOOLOGY Department of Zoology, Jinnah University For Women, Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan. 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE………………………………………………..i DEDICATION………………………………………………...ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………iii-iv LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………v LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………vi-vii SUMMARY……………………………………………...viii-xii INTRODUCTION…………………………………………1-18 REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………….......19-52 MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………..65-67 - Collection of Specimens………………………………...65-66 - Fixation and Preparation of Permanent slides……….66-67 DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES OF THE GENERA...69-231 1. Pleorchis heterorchis n.sp……………………………...69-76 - Diagnosis………………………………………………...69-71 - Principle Measurements………………………………..71-72 - Etymology…………………………………………………..72 - Remarks…………………………………………………72-76 2. Decemtestis johnii n.sp………………………………...77-82 - Diagnosis………………………………………………...77-78 - Principle Measurements………………………………..78-79 - Etymology…………………………………………………..79 - Remarks…………………………………………………79-82 3. Lecithocladium cybii n.sp……………………………...83-90 - Diagnosis………………………………………………...83-84 - Principle Measurements…………………………………...85 - Etymology…………………………………………………..86 - Remarks…………………………………………………86-90 4. Lecithocladium karachiensis n.sp……………………..91-98 - Diagnosis………………………………………………...91-92 - Principle Measurements…………………………………...93 - Etymology…………………………………………………..93 - Remarks…………………………………………………94-98 5. Lecithocladium magnasoma n.sp…………………….99-106 - Diagnosis……………………………………………….99-100 - Principle Measurements………………………………….101 - Etymology…………………………………………………102 - Remarks………………………………………………102-106 6. Lecithocladium magnavesicula n.sp………………..107-115 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...107-108 - Principle Measurements……………………………..108-109 - Etymology…………………………………………………109 - Remarks………………………………………………109-115 7. Lecithocladium lateropharyngium n.sp…………….116-123 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...116-117 - Principle Measurements……………………………..117-118 - Etymology…………………………………………………118 - Remarks………………………………………………118-123 8. Tubulovesicula olivaceus n.sp………………………124-130 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...124-125 - Principle Measurements……………………………..125-126 - Etymology…………………………………………………126 - Remarks………………………………………………127-130 9. Tubulovesicula microcaudum n.sp………………….131-139 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...131-132 - Principle Measurements……………………………..132-133 - Etymology…………………………………………………133 - Remarks………………………………………………134-139 10. Tubulovesicula magnacirrosa n.sp………………...140-147 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...140-141 - Principle Measurements……………………………..141-142 - Etymology…………………………………………………142 - Remarks………………………………………………142-147 11. Tubulovesicula karachiensis n.sp………………….148-152 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...148-149 - Principle Measurements……………………………..149-150 - Etymology…………………………………………………150 - Remarks………………………………………………150-152 12. Stomachicola muraenesocis Yamaguti, 1934……..153-159 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...153-154 - Principle Measurements………………………………….155 - Etymology…………………………………………………156 - Remarks………………………………………………156-159 13. Prosogonotrema diacanthi Bilqees, 1980………….160-166 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...160-161 - Principle Measurements……………………………..161-162 - Etymology…………………………………………………162 - Remarks………………………………………………162-166 14. Plagioporus karachiensis n.sp……………………..167-177 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...167-168 - Principle Measurements……………………………..168-169 - Etymology…………………………………………………169 - Remarks………………………………………………169-177 15. Stephanostomum gibsoni n.sp……………………..178-196 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...178-179 - Principle Measurements……………………………..180-181 - Etymology…………………………………………………181 - Remarks………………………………………………181-196 16. Bucephalus otolithi n.sp…………………………...197-209 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...197-198 - Principle Measurements……………………………..198-199 - Etymology…………………………………………………199 - Remarks………………………………………………199-209 17. Bucephalus mujibi n.sp……………………………210-217 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...210-211 - Principle Measurements……………………………..211-212 - Etymology…………………………………………………212 - Remarks………………………………………………212-217 18. Prosorhynchus magnacirrus n.sp…………………218-231 - Diagnosis……………………………………………...218-219 - Principle Measurements……………………………..219-220 - Etymology…………………………………………………220 - Remarks………………………………………………220-231 DISCUSSION………………………………………….269-278 REFERENCES………………………………………...279-328 DEDICATION Dedicated to my adoring and devoted parents to whom I owe everything for what I am today. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I gratify almighty Allah who consecrated me with competence and provided the opportunity to consummate the present research work. It is my privilege to be very thankful to The Vice Chancellor, Dr. Riaz Ahmed Hashmi, Jinnah University for Women for full cooperation and providing research facilities throughout this research work. I am really indebted to dear Prof. Dr. Bilqees F. Mujib, Supervisor of my work, Department Of Zoology, Jinnah University for Women, for her diligent supervision, invaluable help, constant encouragement and patience throughout this research. I feel great honour to express my thanks to my Chairperson, Ms. Bushra Khalil, Associate Professor, Department of Zoology and fellow faculty members for their continuous cooperation and providing facilities in the department. iii I would also like to thank Dr. Ali Khan Director CDRI, PARC, Karachi University Campus and Dr. R.R. Ghazi, Ex-Director, Vertebrate Pest Control Centre, PARC, Karachi University Campus for reading the manuscript. I would also like to thank Rehmat Bibi, Research officer, Department of Zoology, Jinnah University for Women for her help in collection material and typing the manuscript. Last but not the least I am grateful to my devoted husband, sister-in-laws, my son and my daughter Naureen for helping in various ways and for providing, peaceful and effective environment. iv LIST OF TABLES Table-1: List of known trematode species and their hosts in Pakistan including new species……………………………….........53-64 Table-2: Number of fishes of various families collected during the present studies………………………………………………..68 Table-3: Family wise list of fishes showing rate of infection during the present studies…………………………………………232-233 Table-4: Fish hosts and trematodes identified during the present studies………………………………………………………234 v LIST OF FIGURES Fig-1: Pleorchis heterorchis n.sp., holotype, entire………235 Fig-3: Pleorchis heterorchis n.sp., paratype, entire………237 Fig-5: Decemtestis johnii n.sp., holotype, entire…………239 Fig-6: Lecithocladium cybii n.sp., holotype, entire………240 Fig-8: Lecithocladium karachiensis n.sp., holotype, entire……………………………………………….242 Fig-9: Lecithocladium magnasoma n.sp., holotype, entire……………………………………………….243 Fig-11: Lecithocladium magnavesicula n.sp., holotype, entire……………………………………………...245 Fig-13: Lecithocladium lateropharyngium n.sp., holotype, entire……………………………………………...247 Fig-15: Tubulovesicula olivaceus n.sp., holotype, entire…249 Fig-17: Tubulovesicula microcaudum n.sp., holotype, entire……………………………………………...251 vi Fig-19: Tubulovesicula magnacirrosa n.sp., holotype, entire……………………………………………...253 Fig-21: Tubulovesicula karachiensis n.sp., holotype, entire……………………………………………...255 Fig-22: Stomachicola muraenesocis Yamaguti, 1934…....256 Fig-24: Prosogonotrema diacanthi Bilqees, 1980……......258 Fig-26: Plagioporus karachiensis n.sp., holotype, entire...260 Fig-27: Stephanostomum gibsoni n.sp., holotype, entire…261 Fig-28: Stephanostomum gibsoni n.sp……………………262 Fig-31: Bucephalus otolithi n.sp., holotype, entire……….264 Fig-33: Bucephalus mujibi n.sp., holotype, entire………..266 Fig-34: Prosorhynchus magnacirrus n.sp., holotype, entire……………………………………………...268 vii SUMMARY Marine fish parasitology is important both from economic and human health point of view. Hardly there is any country where fish is not included in the human diet. Fishes are also zoonotically important, since several diseases are caused in humans by fish parasites including Anisakiasis, Van Thiel et al., 1960 . Hundreds of fishes suffer due to helminth parasites. Fish are valuable sources of high grade protein and organic products. They occupy a significant position in the socio-economic status of the South-Asian countries by providing the population not only the nutritious food but also income and employment opportunities. Available literature revealed that the studies so far conducted in Pakistan about the parasites in marine fishes are not adequate, more research is needed since a large number of fishes have not been investigated for trematode parasites. Therefore, this project was undertaken. During the present investigation (2005-2007) a total of 791 fishes belonging to 14 families, 10 genera and 18 species were collected from viii different localities of West Wharf, Karachi. The fish species collected include: Pseudosciaena diacanthus Weber and de Beaufort (73), Muraenesox cinereus Forsskol (50), Stromateus cinereus Bloch (25), Stromateus sinensis Euph. (20), Chirocentrus dorab Forsskol (16), Crenidens indicus Forsskol (19), Muraena sp. Forsskol (28), Platycephalus scabar Laeneans (43), Plectorhynchus cinctus (T.S.) (50), Cybium gutatum Cuvier (66), Caranx affinis Ruppell (13), Parastromateus niger Bloch (75), Lates calcarifer
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