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Bridge, Ernest Francis, Oral History.Pdf PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY ADVISORY COMMITTEE WESTERN AUSTRALIA Transcript of an interview with ERNEST BRIDGE b. 1936 - STATE LIBRARY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA - ORAL HISTORY COLLECTION DATE OF INTERVIEW: 5 June 2003 – 28 September 2004 INTERVIEWER: Anne Rogers TRANSCRIBER: Hansard – Parliament of Western Australia DURATION: 10 x 60 minute tapes REFERENCE NUMBER: OH 3556 COPYRIGHT: Parliament of Western Australia and Library Board of Western Australia NOTE TO READER Readers of this oral history memoir should bear in mind that it is a verbatim transcript of the spoken word and reflects the informal, conversational style that is inherent in such historical sources. The Parliament and the State Library are not responsible for the factual accuracy of the memoir, nor for the views expressed therein; these are for the reader to judge. Bold type face indicates a difference between transcript and recording, as a result of corrections made to the transcript only, usually at the request of the person interviewed. FULL CAPITALS in the text indicate a word or words emphasised by the person interviewed. Square brackets [ ] are used for insertions not in the original tape. INTRODUCTION This is an interview with the Honourable Ernie Bridge for the Parliamentary History Project and the Battye Library Oral History Unit. Ernest Francis Bridge was born at Halls Creek in 1936, the first of seven children. His father was of European and his mother of Aboriginal descent. The little schooling he had was mainly by home correspondence and did not include secondary level. He became head stockman on his father’s cattle station by the age of fourteen and head drover of a cattle droving plant by 1954. He was also a jockey, riding his first winner at fourteen. In 1959 the Bridge family built a shop in Halls Creek for the purpose of selling meat from their station, as well as general goods. Ernie Bridge butchered cattle and dressed the meat as well as working in the shop. In 1960 he married nursing sister Mavis Ida Granger and they have four children. In 1962 Ernie Bridge became a Councillor of Halls Creek Shire Council when the seat became available due to his father’s death and he was President of the Shire from 1965 to 1979, facing racism for the first time over this appointment. He became involved in Indigenous affairs over a number of years, being made an inaugural member of the Aboriginal Lands Trust in 1972, a Commissioner of the Aboriginal Land Fund Commission in 1974 and a Commissioner of the Laverton Skull Creek Royal Commission in1975. In the late 1970s he was approached by the Labor Party to stand for the seat of Kimberley. A controversial result led to a bye-election, which was narrowly lost by Ernie Bridge. In 1980 he stood again and became the first Aboriginal elected to the Western Australia Parliament. He held the seat until 2001, as a Labor Independent from 1996. In 1983 Labor won and held power until 1993. Ernie Bridge held a number of portfolios during that time, acting variously as Minister for: Water Resources; the North-West; Aboriginal Affairs; Small Business; and Agriculture. He was the first Aboriginal Cabinet Minister in Australia. As Minister for Aboriginal Affairs he was Involved in introducing 99- year leases for Aboriginal people around the State. As Minister for Water Resources he worked passionately for a pipeline from the Kimberley. Ernie Bridge is a self-taught guitarist and singer of bush ballads; he performs with his sons Kim and Noel. He has sung at the Grand Ole Opry and appears regularly at the Tamworth Country Music Festival. Since his retirement from politics Ernie Bridge has directed his energies to two organisations. He is President of the Watering Australia Foundation, established in 1995 and dedicated to improving Australia’s long-term water supply including a Kimberley pipeline. He is also the founder and director of the Unity of First People of Australia, which provides two main services: promotion of a Diabetes Management and Care Program, delivered to remote Indigenous communities; and an Indigenous Skills Preparation and Recruitment Program to improve the prospects of Indigenous people entering into a professional career within the Western Australia Police Service. The interviews were conducted between June 2003 and October 2004 by Anne Rogers. There are ten tapes. Table of Contents BRIDGE Tape One Side A Page Number Name, date, place and circumstances of birth. 1,2 Reflections on individual capacity. Bridge family background, family enterprise, station 3,4,5,6, 15,16, 17, 168- life and employees. 171 Mother’s background. Removal to Moola Bulla. 6,7,8 Father, Kimberley horses and family education. 8,9,10,11 Tape One Side B Family and education, abilities and aptitudes. 12,13,14 Station and family life, knowledge and skills. 15,16,17,168,169,170,171 Public office, Shire Councillor and President 18, 31 Stockman and jockey. 18,19 Establishing business enterprises, Halls Creek. 19,20, 21, 22, 23 Tape Two Side A Building and expanding enterprises and family life. 24,25,26, 27,28, 29 Death of father, 1960. 29,30,31 Marriage to Mavis Ida Bridge ( formerly Granger). Responsibilities as Halls Creek Shire President. 31 Approach by State and Commonwealth Governments regarding Laverton royal commission. 1974. Aboriginality and public office, conquering racism. 31,32,33, 34 Crown Minister for the North West, Member for 35 Kimberley. Tape Two, Side B Holding office, Halls Creek Shire. 36 Aboriginal Lands Trust membership. 36 Indigenous empowerment, Whitlam era, 37,38, 39 Commonwealth Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Fund Commission. Land ownership by Aboriginal groups in 1960s. Accomplishments. Commissioner of Aboriginal Land Fund 1974, 40, 41,42 Aboriginal Lands Trust of WA (Tonkin Government),. Expanding family businesses. Kimberley pilot. 43,44,45 Co-royal commissioner to State and Commonwealth Governments’ Inquiry at Kalgoorlie and Laverton. Tape Three Side A Background to royal commission into police 47, 48,49 interception of Aboriginal convoys from Wiluna to Laverton 1974-5. Outcome. Decision to enter parliament. Life beyond politics. 50,51,52 Queen’s Silver Jubilee Medal award for services to 52,53 Halls Creek Shire Council. Table of Contents BRIDGE Entry to politics. First election 1977. Election day 53, 54,55 events. Electoral defeat. Electoral defeat overturned. Call for fresh election. Loss of second election. Voting disruptions. Police 56 arrests. Election won three years later. 57 Transition in attitudes. Tape Three Side B Arrests at Turkey Creek. Aboriginal voting rights. 58,59 Significance of Bridge’s entry to politics. Transition to politics. Parliamentary mentors. 59, 60,61 Family move to Perth. 62 Parliamentary life and Kimberley electorate, practical 62,63,64 applications. Portfolios, Water, Aboriginal Affairs, Agriculture. 64,65 Water and State needs ( covered in detail later). 66, 98-105, 112-123 Burke Government and political change. Land rights. 66,67,68 Public attitudes. Conflict resolution. Tape Four Side A Aboriginal issues facing State Government in the 69,72 early1980s. Background to Nookanbah confrontation. 69,70,71,72,75 Government interventions, outcomes. Kimberley Land Council formed. 72,73 Skull Creek royal commission. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission. 72,73 Community sector involvement. Government treatment of indigenous people. 73,74 United Nations and human rights discussions, Geneva. Mobilisation of Aboriginal people and international support. Government responses. Gordon Downs Station and Ringers Soak land 74,75 claims and community development. Mabo native title claim and High Court decision World Council of Churches delegation. 75,76, Premier Court’s response. Bridge enters politics at a critical time for Aboriginal 76 people Significant changes for Aboriginal people. 77 Ngaanyatjarra Council. Election of Thomas Newbury, Wiluna 1985. State Government and Commonwealth Government 78 input regarding Aboriginal people and Aboriginal land. Table of Contents BRIDGE Bridge inaugural member of Whitlam Land Fund 79 Commission. Queensland Government and State resistance. Carson River property and Aboriginal stake holding. Tape Four Side B Background to Seaman independent Inquiry into 80, 81, 83, 84,85 Aboriginal land Rights. Burke Government land rights legislation. Mining 81, 82,83, 89, 90 industry support. Opposition by Bill Hassell, Minister for Aboriginal Affairs. Bridge chairs committee receiving Aboriginal group submissions. Legislation defeated in upper House. Support for Aboriginal communities. 83,84,85 Terra Nullius and resistance to change. Cultural intrusions. Land rights in WA and lack of High Court ruling. Failure of Seaman Inquiry. Bridge’s 99-year leases proposals. Transfer of 86,87 Government land reserves. Criticism of Burke Government by ALP members. 88,89,90 Political environment 1970s-80s. Mining industry support for land rights. Determination of Aboriginal interests. Tape Five Side A Police and indigenous people. Police training and 91,92,93,94, 188,189, education. Role of Aboriginal officers. 190, 191 Aboriginal people in custody. 94, 95,96, 97,98 Aboriginal Deaths in Custody Commission. Minister for Aboriginal Affairs. 98, 99 Bennett Brook gas pipeline and Robert Bropho. North Dandalup Dam. 100,101,102, 118,119 Tape 5 Side B North Dandalup Dam. Andrew Mensaros, opposition. 101, 102 Water Authority and outcomes. Burrup Peninsula and Aboriginal position. 102, 103 Swan Brewery controversy. Aboriginal equity. 103,104 Public recognition of sacred sites and associated 104,105,106 phenomena. Native title processes. Noonkanbah station. Burrup 107,108 Pensinsula rock paintings. The Aboriginal Enterprise Company 1986. 108,109, 110,11 Brian Burke and Cabinet. Aboriginal Economic Development Office. Contribution by Bridge. Tape Six Side A Minister for Water Resources. Allocation of 112, 113 portfolios. Burke, Troy, Wilson, Tonkin. Table of Contents BRIDGE Water shortages. Historical neglect. Rural needs and 113, 114,115 state resources. Water restrictions 1987-88. Envisaging the Ord dam – Newman – Perth water 115 pipeline. Water Authority discussions. State water needs.
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