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Evaluation of Direct Torque Control with a Constant-Frequency Torque Regulator Under Various Discrete Interleaving Carriers
electronics Article Evaluation of Direct Torque Control with a Constant-Frequency Torque Regulator under Various Discrete Interleaving Carriers Ibrahim Mohd Alsofyani and Kyo-Beum Lee * Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16499, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-31-219-2376 Received: 25 June 2019; Accepted: 20 July 2019; Published: 23 July 2019 Abstract: Constant-frequency torque regulator–based direct torque control (CFTR-DTC) provides an attractive and powerful control strategy for induction and permanent-magnet motors. However, this scheme has two major issues: A sector-flux droop at low speed and poor torque dynamic performance. To improve the performance of this control method, interleaving triangular carriers are used to replace the single carrier in the CFTR controller to increase the duty voltage cycles and reduce the flux droop. However, this method causes an increase in the motor torque ripple. Hence, in this work, different discrete steps when generating the interleaving carriers in CFTR-DTC of an induction machine are compared. The comparison involves the investigation of the torque dynamic performance and torque and stator flux ripples. The effectiveness of the proposed CFTR-DTC with various discrete interleaving-carriers is validated through simulation and experimental results. Keywords: constant-frequency torque regulator; direct torque control; flux regulation; induction motor; interleaving carriers; low-speed operation 1. Introduction There are two well-established control strategies for high-performance motor drives: Field orientation control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) [1–3]. The FOC method has received wide acceptance in industry [4]. Nevertheless, it is complex because of the requirement for two proportional-integral (PI) regulators, space-vector modulation (SVM), and frame transformation, which also needs the installation of a high-resolution speed encoder. -
Abstract Controlling Ac Motor Using Arduino
ABSTRACT CONTROLLING AC MOTOR USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER Nithesh Reddy Nannuri, M.S. Department of Electrical Engineering Northern Illinois University, 2014 Donald S Zinger, Director Space vector modulation (SVM) is a technique used for generating alternating current waveforms to control pulse width modulation signals (PWM). It provides better results of PWM signals compared to other techniques. CORDIC algorithm calculates hyperbolic and trigonometric functions of sine, cosine, magnitude and phase using bit shift, addition and multiplication operations. This thesis implements SVM with Arduino microcontroller using CORDIC algorithm. This algorithm is used to calculate the PWM timing signals which are used to control the motor. Comparison of the time taken to calculate sinusoidal signal using Arduino and CORDIC algorithm was also done. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2014 CONTROLLING AC MOTOR USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER BY NITHESH REDDY NANNURI ©2014 Nithesh Reddy Nannuri A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Thesis Director: Dr. Donald S Zinger ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Donald S. Zinger for his continuous support and guidance in this thesis work as well as throughout my graduate study. I would like to thank Dr. Martin Kocanda and Dr. Peng-Yung Woo for serving as members of my thesis committee. I would like to thank my family for their unconditional love, continuous support, enduring patience and inspiring words. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and everyone who has directly or indirectly helped me for their cooperation in completing the thesis. -
Electric Motors
SPECIFICATION GUIDE ELECTRIC MOTORS Motors | Automation | Energy | Transmission & Distribution | Coatings www.weg.net Specification of Electric Motors WEG, which began in 1961 as a small factory of electric motors, has become a leading global supplier of electronic products for different segments. The search for excellence has resulted in the diversification of the business, adding to the electric motors products which provide from power generation to more efficient means of use. This diversification has been a solid foundation for the growth of the company which, for offering more complete solutions, currently serves its customers in a dedicated manner. Even after more than 50 years of history and continued growth, electric motors remain one of WEG’s main products. Aligned with the market, WEG develops its portfolio of products always thinking about the special features of each application. In order to provide the basis for the success of WEG Motors, this simple and objective guide was created to help those who buy, sell and work with such equipment. It brings important information for the operation of various types of motors. Enjoy your reading. Specification of Electric Motors 3 www.weg.net Table of Contents 1. Fundamental Concepts ......................................6 4. Acceleration Characteristics ..........................25 1.1 Electric Motors ...................................................6 4.1 Torque ..............................................................25 1.2 Basic Concepts ..................................................7 -
Equating a Car Alternator with the Generated Voltage Equation by Ervin Carrillo
Equating a Car Alternator with the Generated Voltage Equation By Ervin Carrillo Senior Project ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo 2012 © 2012 Carrillo TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... i Abstract ........................................................................................................................... ii I. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 II. Background ......................................................................................................... 2 III. Requirements ...................................................................................................... 8 IV. Obtaining the new Generated Voltage equation and Rewinding .................................................................................................................................... 9 V. Conclusion and recommendations .................................................................. 31 VI. Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 32 Appendices A. Parts list and cost ...................................................................................................................... 33 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE Section Page Figure 2-1: Removed drive pulley from rotor shaft [3]……………………………………………. 4. -
Course Description Bachelor of Technology (Electrical Engineering)
COURSE DESCRIPTION BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING) COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING MAHARANA PRATAP UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY UDAIPUR (RAJASTHAN) SECOND YEAR (SEMESTER-I) BS 211 (All Branches) MATHEMATICS – III Cr. Hrs. 3 (3 + 0) L T P Credit 3 0 0 Hours 3 0 0 COURSE OUTCOME - CO1: Understand the need of numerical method for solving mathematical equations of various engineering problems., CO2: Provide interpolation techniques which are useful in analyzing the data that is in the form of unknown functionCO3: Discuss numerical integration and differentiation and solving problems which cannot be solved by conventional methods.CO4: Discuss the need of Laplace transform to convert systems from time to frequency domains and to understand application and working of Laplace transformations. UNIT-I Interpolation: Finite differences, various difference operators and theirrelationships, factorial notation. Interpolation with equal intervals;Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formulae, Lagrange’sinterpolation formula for unequal intervals. UNIT-II Gauss forward and backward interpolation formulae, Stirling’s andBessel’s central difference interpolation formulae. Numerical Differentiation: Numerical differentiation based on Newton’sforward and backward, Gauss forward and backward interpolation formulae. UNIT-III Numerical Integration: Numerical integration by Trapezoidal, Simpson’s rule. Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations: Picard’s method,Taylor’s series method, Euler’s method, modified -
Improvement of Electromagnetic Railgun Barrel Performance and Lifetime By
IMPROVEMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RAILGUN BARREL PERFORMANCE AND LIFETIME BY METHOD OF INTERFACES AND AUGMENTED PROJECTILES A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering by Aleksey Pavlov June 2013 c 2013 Aleksey Pavlov ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Improvement of Electromagnetic Rail- gun Barrel Performance and Lifetime by Method of Interfaces and Augmented Pro- jectiles AUTHOR: Aleksey Pavlov DATE SUBMITTED: June 2013 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Kira Abercromby, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Eric Mehiel, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Vladimir Prodanov, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Thomas Guttierez, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Physics iii Abstract Improvement of Electromagnetic Railgun Barrel Performance and Lifetime by Method of Interfaces and Augmented Projectiles Aleksey Pavlov Several methods of increasing railgun barrel performance and lifetime are investigated. These include two different barrel-projectile interface coatings: a solid graphite coating and a liquid eutectic indium-gallium alloy coating. These coatings are characterized and their usability in a railgun application is evaluated. A new type of projectile, in which the electrical conductivity varies as a function of position in order to condition current flow, is proposed and simulated with FEA software. The graphite coating was found to measurably reduce the forces of friction inside the bore but was so thin that it did not improve contact. The added contact resistance of the graphite was measured and gauged to not be problematic on larger scale railguns. The liquid metal was found to greatly improve contact and not introduce extra resistance but its hazardous nature and tremendous cost detracted from its usability. -
Soft Starting of Three Phase Induction Motor
© 2017 IJRTI | Volume 2, Issue 5 | ISSN: 2456-3315 SOFT STARTING OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 1Mr. Satpute Akshaykumar, 2Mr. Tambe Sagar, 3Mr. Shinde Vijay, 4Prof. Mone P.P. Department of Electrical Engineering SVPM’s College of Engineering Malegaon (Bk), Tal-Baramati, Dist-Pune, Savitribai Phule Pune University. Abstract— This paper, present a soft starting of induction motor. At the time of starting three phase induction motor takes very large current and have low power factor. Due to high current, motor torque content ripples and transients. Due to transients and torque pulsation shaft of motor experiences jerk hence mechanical life of rotor reduces. In order to mitigate this adverse effect if starting current and torque pulsation in induction motor, a popular method is used which is electronically controlled soft starting of induction motor. Normally soft starters are used for avoiding this problems and soft start is achieved by increasing stator frequency. By using soft starter performance of induction motor is improved and also improved load torque characteristics. Keywords— Three phase induction motor, microcontroller, and PWM inverter. I. INTRODUCTION The ac motor starters employing power semiconductors are being increasingly used to replace electromagnetic line starters and conventional reduced-voltage starters because of their controlled soft-starting capability with limited starting current. Thyristor-based soft starters are cheap, simple, reliable, and occupy less volume, and therefore, their use is a viable solution to the induction motor (IM) starting problem. Depending on the initial switching instants of all the three phases to the supply, an IM may produce severe pulsations on the electromechanical torque, regardless of whether it is controlled by a direct-online starter or a soft starter . -
Soft Starter User Manual Safety Clauses 1
Soft Starter User Manual Safety Clauses 1. The general of FWI-SS Series Soft Starter 1.1 The main function 1.2 The main characteristics 2. Code explanation and Check-up before using 3. Usage conditions and Installation directions 3.1 The Usage condition 3.2 The Installation requirement 3.3 The Installation Directions 4. Connection and External terminal 4.1 The diagram connection 4.2 The external terminal 4.3 The diagram of Main circuit connection 4.4 The communication interface 5. Control panel and its operation 5.1 The operation of control panel 5.2 Parameter set and explanation 5.3 The functions of "Programmable relay output" 5.4 The function of Automatic Re-start 5.5 Directions for other set items 5.6 Help message and explanation 6. Protection Functions and directions 6.1 Protection functions and theirs parameter 6.2 Protection classes and explanation 7. Test run and application 7.1 Set up electricity to test run 7.2 Starting modes and application 7.3 Stopping modes and application 7.4 Application example 1 www.vtdrive.com Safety Clauses In the process of using the soft starter, please note the following Safety Clauses Please check this user manual carefully before using the product. Only the technical person is allowed to install the product. To be sure that the motor is correctly matched with the soft starter. It is forbid to connect capacitors to the output terminals (U V W). Please seal the terminal switch insulation glue after finishing connect them. The soft starter and its enclosures must be fixedly earthed. -
VEIKONG S6000 Soft Starter and Panel User Manual
User Manual Online Running Soft Starter Safety Clauses Safety Clauses Thanks for your using intelligent motor online soft starter, this product is used for three-phase squirrel cage induction motor soft starting and soft stopping control. Before using, please carefully read and understand the contents of this manual. In the process of using the soft starter, please note the following Safety Clauses: Please check this user manual carefully before using the product. Only the technical person is allowed to install the product. To be sure that the motor is correctly matched with the soft starter. It is forbid to connect capacitors to the output terminals (U V W). Please seal the terminal switch insulation glue after finishing connect them. The soft starter and its enclosures must be fixedly earthed. During the maintenance and repair, the input must be off-power. This user manual content may be changed due to technical reasons or modified. We reserve the updating right. I Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Online Running Soft Starter .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Online running soft starter profile ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The main feature of online running soft starter ............................................................................................... 1 1.3 The main function ........................................................................................................................................... -
Industrial Motor Drives and Soft Starters
Industrial motor drives and soft starters Industrial Solutions REV0819 1 Variable frequency drives (VFD) and soft starters in industrial applications: help improve motor life and energy efficiency HVAC/Chiller Fan Electric Hoist Variable Frequency Soft Drives Starters Pump Conveyor Compressor Confidential and Proprietary | Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 2 VFDs and soft starters work on same principles, but have different architectures and are used in different applications Variable Frequency Drives Soft Starter ▪ Controls AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input ▪ Offers smooth start and stop operation for a motor voltage and frequency ▪ Gets bypassed by a contractor overload circuit as motor ▪ Can be programmed to vary the speed of the motor based reaches its full speed on factors such as flow, pressure, etc. ▪ Initial cost is lower than a variable frequency drive ▪ Complete control over motor speed can be achieved ▪ Effectively reduces inrush current during motor start. ▪ Performance more important than cost and size ▪ No harmonics are generated ▪ Energy saving is principle advantage ▪ Examples of applications: conveyors, pumps and other belt- ▪ Examples of applications: elevators, escalators, crushers, driven applications mixers, etc. Confidential and Proprietary | Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 3 Variable frequency drives and soft starters market overview Market Trends Market Projections Variable Frequency Drive (VFD): ▪ The global VFD market is projected to grow @ 6% CAGR between 2018 -2023 ▪ Market is expected to reach $27.6B by 2023 -
Brushless DC Electric Motor
Please read: A personal appeal from Wikipedia author Dr. Sengai Podhuvan We now accept ₹ (INR) Brushless DC electric motor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search A microprocessor-controlled BLDC motor powering a micro remote-controlled airplane. This external rotor motor weighs 5 grams, consumes approximately 11 watts (15 millihorsepower) and produces thrust of more than twice the weight of the plane. Contents [hide] 1 Brushless versus Brushed motor 2 Controller implementations 3 Variations in construction 4 AC and DC power supplies 5 KM rating 6 Kv rating 7 Applications o 7.1 Transport o 7.2 Heating and ventilation o 7.3 Industrial Engineering . 7.3.1 Motion Control Systems . 7.3.2 Positioning and Actuation Systems o 7.4 Stepper motor o 7.5 Model engineering 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Brushless DC motors (BLDC motors, BL motors) also known as electronically commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors) are electric motors powered by direct-current (DC) electricity and having electronic commutation systems, rather than mechanical commutators and brushes. The current-to-torque and frequency-to-speed relationships of BLDC motors are linear. BLDC motors may be described as stepper motors, with fixed permanent magnets and possibly more poles on the rotor than the stator, or reluctance motors. The latter may be without permanent magnets, just poles that are induced on the rotor then pulled into alignment by timed stator windings. However, the term stepper motor tends to be used for motors that are designed specifically to be operated in a mode where they are frequently stopped with the rotor in a defined angular position; this page describes more general BLDC motor principles, though there is overlap. -
A Comparitve Study Between Vector Control and Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Using Matlab Simulink
A COMPARITVE STUDY BETWEEN VECTOR CONTROL AND DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR USING MATLAB SIMULINK Submitted by Fathalla Eldali Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fall 2012 1 WHEN HAVE I BEEN INTERESTED IN MOTOR DRIVE AND MATLAB? BSC Senior Design LIM + PLC MATLAB/Simulink as A Modeling TOOL 2 THESIS OUTLINES Introduction Induction Motor Principles Induction Motor Modeling Electric Motor Drives Vector Control of Induction Motor Direct Torque Control Theoretical Comparison Vector Control and Direct Torque Control Simulation Results Simulation Results in the normal operation case The effect of Voltage sags and short interruption on driven induction motors The characteristics of the voltage sag and short interruption 3 Conclusion & Future Work INTRODUCTION Motors are needed Un driven Motors and power consumption Power Electronics, DSP revolution help Rectifiers Inverters Sensors Control Systems Theories 4 OLD STUDIES & MOTIVATION Many studies have been done about FOC & DTC individually Few studies were published as a comparison studies as [17-19] Voltage Sag & Short Interruption faults were not considered in the comparison 5 INDUCTION MOTOR PRINCIPLES Nikola Tesla first AC motors 1888 AC motors -Induction Motors -Permanent Magnet Motors Why are Induction Motors are mostly used ? Supplied through stator only Easy to manufacture and maintain Cheap 6 INDUCTION MOTOR CONSTRUCTION Stator : laminated sheet steel (eddy current loses reduction) attached to an iron frame stator consists of mechanical slots insulated copper conductors are buried inside the slots and then Y or Delta connected to the source. 7 Two Types of Rotor A-wound rotor: -Three electrical phases just as the stator does and they (coils) are connected wye or delta.