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19 • the Legacy of Rav Samson Raphael Hirsch ?11 ~~ ignore and reT ::_:­ science which L:.5 ~ c. < sources or whic:· _ ::_- - to be gained by :::- :- '~ __ commanded is: occupy onese:i :_:__ , assumed. OnlY understanding -_., :- ::_: _ concern and tc, -=-=- _-:' ~ :::- the absolute am: ::-:.: ::- -_ knowledge and ~r ::..- : ,_ of the Torah ar.1:i :_:_:-:- ' __ ~ they to be stuciif i ::: _ - -_ always remair. ;: :- ::. ~ -• • The Legacy of must be the ya;_-j_5;:_:.­ obtained by or::-_-:-:~;:--< 11 19 Rav Samson Raphael Hirsch ? ~~ accordance wifr ~ :· ,_. ~ _ for us. All that '-'- c. ::. _ -=­ actions must al«'--::: 5 - -:' : The relationship of Torah and secular knowledge is the Torah and b-:- ., _;: __ defined by Rav S. R. Hirsch, 7":lT in his commentary on the so that we on::- :: : _c. C'Jil:J rmn on Xiji'\ chap. 18, posuk 5: accordance v.--:.r:­ irn~i 1xizm Xil' x7tv : Cil::J n:;'7 : i17!:l~ ctvYn ?xi , iji'l.' ctvl.' Cil::J n:;'7 knowledge \W dr2--'. n~:;n 'rl1~7 i~xn x7tv c7iY:::i C'inx C'i::J1 Cil::J ::Jil.'rl x7tv ,cil:::i x7x developed from :;:'. :-. _,_ .pin~ i~!:l'' 'Xtvi ll'X ,cil:i n;:,77 7"n ,c7iYi1 m~ix n~:;n i~7x 7xitv' consider Torah-~=- : -. i.e. "Cil::J n:J'7", in them is the whole purpose of your life to knowledge; so r::-,:::.;: ;::·-:' _1 be, they are to form the whole principle of your life, the of all other km·... -::- ::.:::c. absolute, not just accepted with conditions as being have Jewish Tr.:;::--" : secondary; your whole spiritual acceptance and activity is importance ar_ d __ to occupy itself solely with them so that you never knowledge and r_ : ::-_ -_- c. ' introduce and mix alien matters with them, that you do not have exhaustiw_::: :. : ~ _. say: "now I have studied Jewish wisdom, I will go and study with the same n-~:.:-- i ;: : 2 1 the wisdom of other nations", that is why it says Cil::J n:;77, so, placing in oc ::-- _- ::. "thou mayest not depart from their sphere". If we the other, one -=-: __ - _­ understand these sentences of the C'Jil:J min aright, then complete com""ic: :­ the sentence which stands at their head: moral ruin in c: :5 : : _ ::_ 2-J il'?!:l~ Ctvl.'n ?xi iji'l.' Ctvl.' forewarns one not to take the surely as the -: : : ;:__ following sentences to mean that one is completely to knowledge and ','.-..s ::_ _::- 1 88 •RAV SHIMON SCHWAB ignore and remain in ignorance of all knowledge and science which has been gained and nurtured by non-Jewish sources or which have no direct bearing on the knowledge to be gained by the study of the Torah. Inasmuch as what is commanded is: ri7£)ti 1:l1v:1m 7Ni ip'Y Clll:l.' the permission to occupy oneself also with other spheres of knowledge is assumed. Only, the knowledge of the Torah and the understanding we derive from it is to be our principal concern and to be regarded as having been given to us as the absolute and firmly established Truth. Only as accessory knowledge and in as far as they serve to truly help the study of the Torah and are subordinated as the 7£)ti to the ip'Y, are they to be studied. But the Torah and all its teachings must always remain that which we have received from Above and must be the yardstick by which we measure all the results obtained by other spheres of learning. Only that which is in aphael Hirsch '"~~ accordance with the Truths of the Torah can remain true for us. All that we accept intellectually as well as all our actions must always be considered from the point of view of : _::c.~· knowledge is the Torah and be within the lines of the doctrines it teaches, : :~--r:,entary on the so that we only accept and adopt that which is in accordance with them, and do not adulterate the • - · • -·~· cwY cri::i n::i'7 knowledge we draw out of the Torah with ideas which have :·: :·;;- M7\V ,Crl::l N7N developed from other and strange premises. We are not to "'-;·,: :-~:r. 1~7N 7N1lll' consider Torah-knowledge as being the same as other __ ;: :se of your life to knowledge; so that the Torah is for us only another branch , : _;: _e Jf your life, the of all other knowledge; that we have a Jewish knowledge, : : : i:tions as being have Jewish Truths, but that there are also, with equal -;: ~ :::..:- : e and activity is importance and having equal authority, non-Jewish _ _ ~r_at you never knowledge and non-Jewish truths; and after we imagine we _----=-~-,~hat you do not have exhaustively absorbed the Jewish thoughts we turn -:- ~ -.•:U go and study with the same mind to get hold of the non-Jewish ones, and - : :- :~ says cri::i n::i'7, so, placing in our minds and feelings one teaching next to sphere". If we the other, one Truth next to the other, and lacking ·. ·: -- -.- aright, then complete conviction of either, surely go to spiritual and __ ~heir head: moral ruin in discordant teachings and opinions. But as _ _ _ :_ =-t to take the surely as the Torah comes from G-d, and all other : : -" :s completely to knowledge and wisdom which have been found by Man only Selecwd Writings • 89 consist of the results of Man's limited insight into the actual nature of things, so sure is it to us, that for us there is only certainly dese1'"".-es ::: __: __ . "- one teaching, knowledge and truth by which all else must be embodiment of ::- -=- ::---:_' measured, and all other have only conditional acceptance Likewise. ar_ 2: _: =- - and can only have value in conformance with it. So that and philosophy _:-- -: ~ __ when we study and occupy ourselves with other spheres of Torah or to fu:--::- -=-_ knowledge we still never leave the basis and aims of the independent se2:·: :- - Torah, to which alone all our intellectual work is dedicated and control the -, - and from whkh p717!.) WI)'°? WW7 7Jw. department of p;·_-:_- __ _ Rav Hirsch is usually accepted as the exponent of the this is not an c _: _:-- .:::-­ Torah im Derech Eretz philosophy. This principle is Weltanschau un,;:: :-- : , : ,1 explained by his grandson, Dr. Isaac Breuer, as follows: Also, a se·: _:_::__ "He was strictly opposed to compromise or skullcap aus;•i,:-:- 0 reconciliation, or even a synthesis: he demanded full and extremely recT.1: >- :: - uncompromising rulership of the Torah. The Torah cannot even if it has :=cs:- 2 ~ ---" endure co-rulership, far less tolerate it. As a true as part of its 2: _:_ :: -=­ revolutionary he seized the liberalistic individual, the borders on blc..s_::: :·-=-:- - liberalistic, humanitarian ideal, liberalistic capitalism, and The Orth':"::::-: the human intellect, celebrating orgies in the liberalistic "koveah ittim = :_ -- science, and dragged them as "circumstances'', in the performance c,:· ::- -~=­ narrowest sense of the word, to the flaming fire of the Torah behavior, is no: :=i. :: __ - to be purified or, if need be, to be consumed. As a true all of Hirsch's p:-: -~-=: revolutionary he solved the unbearable tension between the main concern -... 2-5 : Torah and the new era which had dawned over the Jews of Word and the :·:> Western Europe. He invaded the new era with the weapons Torah, to dor:·_:__:- ::.:-=­ of the Torah, analyzed and dissected it down to its last mundane life. ingredients, and then shaped and reformed it until it could Those v;ho 2• .. 5-'- ~ be placed at the feet of the Torah, as new nourishment for lead a life of eas-:.::: __:-- ~ the Divine fire. The proclamation of the rulership of the who consider fr:=: ::-::. ' Torah over the new era was the historic achievement of the right and tl.e :-'-:'­ Hirsch's life for his own contemporaries." -- ("Hirsch as a meaning of the i::: ::- _ ~ _-=­ Guide to Jewish History'' in Fundamentals of Judaism, Perek 2, 2: "Bea-.:::_:: __ -' published by Feldheim, 1949.) Unfortunately, the principle Derech Eretz fc: ~ _ -=- of Torah im Derech Eretz is grossly misunderstood by our to commit sins" ~~- -'- ~ contemporary Jewish orthodoxy. It does not mean that one knowledge, or.e :i:~: :- _ - who is a full-fledged citizen of hedonistic America and at must the Tora'.-. :: :-­ the same time keeps the laws of the Torah, is a follower of worldly acti\i::'.ce-" :=: :_ ---1 Torah im Derech Eretz. Not to violate the laws of the Torah Yisroel, as \Ye [ 2' _:_ _ -. .:. 1 J•) •RAV SHIMON SCHWAB 1.c ~ : s_.;::·.:: into the actual ·· ::. - =: :· _is there is only certainly deserves praise and recognition but it is not an - _- _: ::-. all else must be embodiment of the Hirschian philosophy. __ - :~_ :: :,nal acceptance Likewise, an academy dedicated to the study of science 1 _ :: .::· . -:- -,.,·:th it. So that and philosophy, not in order to serve the understanding of f-'-' ,-_:~ c:::-ter spheres of Torah or to further the aims of the Torah but as the -=- ·:_,_,::,=-id aims of the independent search by the human intellect to understand . - _. ::.~ ·i. c r~ is dedicated and control the world around -- even when added to a department of profound and very scholarly Torah studies -­ :: .c -:-:x:Donent of the this is not an outgrowth of the Torah im Derech Eretz -=--:- :s principle is Weltanschauung of Samson Raphael Hirsch. ~:-:-_:er. as follows: Also, a secular university in Israel, albeit under -:· :,rnpromise or skullcap auspices, complete with Judaic studies, is ·-'- i.:-::-:1anded full and extremely remote from a Torah im Derech Eretz school _::.: T.:-.e Torah cannot even if it has established a "Samson Raphael Hirsch chair" - - - :t.
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