DOCSLIB.ORG

The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 70 • NUMBER 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 70 • NUMBER 3 The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 70 • NUMBER 3 The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 70 • NUMBER 3 • 2013 CONTENTS Arnoldia (ISSN 0004–2633; USPS 866–100) 2 The Middlesex Fells, a Flourishing is published quarterly by the Arnold Arboretum Urban Forest of Harvard University. Periodicals postage paid Walter Kittredge at Boston, Massachusetts. Subscriptions are $20.00 per calendar year 12 The Quest for the Hardy Southern Live Oak domestic, $25.00 foreign, payable in advance. Michael S. Dosmann and Anthony S. Aiello Remittances may be made in U.S. dollars, by check drawn on a U.S. bank; by international 25 Mark Catesby: Pioneering Naturalist, Artist, money order; or by Visa, Mastercard, or American and Horticulturist Express. Send orders, remittances, requests to purchase back issues, change-of-address notices, David Yih and all other subscription-related communica- tions to Circulation Manager, Arnoldia, Arnold 37 Book Review: Knowing Nature: Art and Arboretum, 125 Arborway, Boston, MA 02130- Science in Philadelphia, 1740–1840 3500. Telephone 617.524.1718; fax 617.524.1418; Peter Del Tredici e-mail [email protected] 40 Betula dahurica: A Special Birch Tree Arnold Arboretum members receive a subscrip- tion to Arnoldia as a membership benefit. To Hugh McAllister become a member or receive more information, please call Wendy Krauss at 617.384.5766 or Front and back covers: On page 11, curatorial col- email [email protected] leagues Michael Dosmann and Tony Aiello continue their “Quest” series, this time searching for hardy Postmaster: Send address changes to southern live oak (Quercus virginiana). Photo of an Arnoldia Circulation Manager impressive specimen of southern live oak growing in The Arnold Arboretum Lake Kissimmee State Park, Florida, courtesy of David 125 Arborway Price, Bok Tower Gardens. Boston, MA 02130–3500 Nancy Rose, Editor Inside front cover: Blue flag iris (Iris versicolor) is one Andy Winther, Designer of many species recorded in a recent floristic survey of the Middlesex Fells, a unique nature preserve within Editorial Committee the Boston metropolitan area. Photo by Nancy Rose. Phyllis Andersen Peter Del Tredici Inside back cover: This Arboretum specimen of Dahu- Michael S. Dosmann rian birch (Betula dahurica, accession 1015-80-A) is of William (Ned) Friedman interest for its ornamental traits and its conservation Kanchi N. Gandhi value. Photo by Nancy Rose. Copyright © 2013. The President and Fellows of Harvard College The Middlesex Fells, a Flourishing Urban Forest Walter Kittredge … five miles northerly of Boston lies a great tract of country, all stony hills and tablelands, almost uninhabited, and of wonderful picturesqueness, and wild, rugged beauty … The nature of this region cannot better be characterized than by the application of the old Saxon designation fells,—a common enough word in England, meaning a tract of wild stone hills … Sylvester Baxter, Boston Herald Supplement, December 6, 1879 he Middlesex Fells is a forest of 3,400 acres just north of Boston, ITTREDGE Tthree-quarters of which is under the K jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Depart- alter ment of Conservation and Recreation. It W is one of four reservations that comprised the original Metropolitan Park System (MPS), the others being Beaver Brook, Stony Brook, and the Blue Hills. At almost eleven square miles, the MPS is one of the largest urban forest reservation systems in the world, only slightly smaller than the largest one in Rio de Janeiro. The reservations were set aside begin- ning in 1894, after a long and determined conservation effort by many prominent area residents. This noteworthy group included Elizur Wright, who reformed the life insurance business, fern expert George Davenport, naturalist Wilson Flagg, jour- nalist Sylvester Baxter, and renowned landscape architects Frederick Olmsted and Charles Eliot. They were aided in this effort by the Appalachian Mountain Club and the newly formed Trustees of Public Reservations. Their conviction that urban people needed a nearby reprieve from the city helped bring about this first-of- its-kind wild urban forest park system. Although Boston’s Emerald Necklace (which includes the Arnold Arboretum and Franklin Park) preceded the advent Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) is fairly common in the Fells; of the MPS, the Emerald Necklace green this is the largest one at 32 inches (81.3 centimeters) DBH. It occurs in spaces differed from the MPS in being the newly designated Sugar Maple–Oak–Hickory Forest. Middlesex Fells 3 Y IBRAR L UBLIC P OSTON B THE at ENTER C AP M EVENTHAL B. L ORMAN N Middlesex Fells map from 1905. intentionally cultivated landscapes. As Elizur’s A TRACT OF WILD STONY HILLS daughter Ellen wrote, “What we wanted in the The Fells is a dissected upland with narrow Fells was a bit of nature so conveniently in our north–south ridges and valleys. The highest midst that we might watch its workings … we elevation is Bear Hill at 317 feet (96.6 meters) wanted dark crowded places, even jungles … above sea level, and the lowest is 65 feet (19.8 marshes into which one might wade after reeds meters), where Whitmore Brook exits the and bright berries, brooks where the border Fells. The volcanic bedrock is part of the Ava- growth and waters frolic together …” lon Terrane, an ancient Pangaean island chain 4 Arnoldia 70/3 • February 2013 ITTREDGE K alter W Pink lady’s-slipper (Cypripedium acaule) flowers and fruits prolifically after fires, taking advantage of the extra sunlight and extra nutrients from the ash. that collided with coastal New England and striations on the exposed bedrock, and the thin, Canada. The resulting geological features are stony glacial till soils. These poor soils, along a complex of felsic lava hills (including Pine with the steep topography, made farming so Hill) in the south, and plutonic domes of granite difficult that few people made their home there. (including Bear Hill) in the north. The middle The main use of the Fells was for timber and section of the Fells differs in having an overlay firewood, resulting in its forests having been of metasedimentary rock. The southeast corner cut over many times by 1894. It is noteworthy features a steep scarp along the North Bound- that despite this, there are areas that have many ary Fault, with panoramic views of the Boston trees over 3 feet (0.9 meter) DBH (diameter at Basin. One of the more intriguing geological breast height), the largest one being a red oak features is the Medford Dike, a narrow valley of (Quercus rubra) at Bellevue Pond with a DBH dark, mafic rock between Pine and Little Pine of 4.8 feet (1.5 meters). Hills, and the site of nineteenth-century quar- About one quarter of the Fells is water, mainly ries. The gritty gabbro rock from the quarries is in the form of reservoirs, which provide drink- called grus, and was used to line the paths of the ing water for the surrounding communities. Public Garden in Boston. There are also swarms The largest is Spot Pond, a glacial kettle pond of dark black Jurassic dikes, some of which can of 294 acres, so named in 1631 by Governor be seen in the cut side of Pine Hill along Inter- Winthrop for its many small islands. This, and state 93. Evidence of the glacial epochs remains several other open and covered reservoirs, are in the form of numerous large erratic boulders, operated by the Massachusetts Water Resources Middlesex Fells 5 AN RY Authority. The three reservoirs on IKE the western side of the Fells were M created out of the large Turkey Swamp before the reservation was set aside, and are owned (along with the adjacent land) by the town of Winchester. All of these reservoirs were included in both the original floristic survey of 1894–1895 and our recent 2003–2011 survey headed by Bryan Hamlin. Most streams in the Fells are small, but Spot Pond Brook had enough drop in elevation to provide water power for many small-scale industries. The Fells falls within the Mystic River watershed, which makes up over half of the Bos- ton Basin Ecoregion. This ecoregion includes the city of Boston, and has had 80% of its land developed. The Fells and Lynn Woods represent the only large blocks of native forest left in this ecoregion, forming isolated islands of natural vegetation in a densely populated area. The climate is in USDA Plant Har- diness Zone 6a (average annual mini- mum temperature -5 to -10°F [-20.6 to -23.3°C]), with average annual precipitation around 41 inches (104 centimeters). Climate change is evidenced by increasing tempera- tures in the Northeast; the Boston Ridgetop Pitch Pine–Scrub Oak communities are a very common prioirity area has been warming at a rate of habitat on rocky summits, especially in the southern portion of the Fells. 0.5°F each decade since 1970, which has significantly extended the growing season. A STORIed HIstORY OF BOtaNIZING Photographic records made during the nine The Middlesex Fells provides a forest panorama years of this survey support this, document- of changing seasons for the thousands of Boston ing increasingly earlier bloom times. Average area commuters who drive through it on either annual precipitation in the Northeast increased Interstate 93 or State Route 28 (the old Ando- 8% in the twentieth century, mainly occur- ver Turnpike), both of which bisect it. It was on ring in the last forty years. The proximity of the latter road that William Boott arrived in the Interstate 93 and the densely populated sur- 1850s to stay at a hotel on the south end of Spot rounding towns contribute to local air pollu- Pond and become the first to botanize the area.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Archives I A-6 BPC Arnold Arboretum and Boston Parks Commission Partnership Records, 1882
    Archives I A-6 BPC Arnold Arboretum and Boston Parks Commission partnership records, 1882 - : Guide. The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University © 2011 President and Fellows of Harvard College I A-6 BPC Arnold Arboretum and Boston Parks Commission partnership records, 1882 - : Guide Archives of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 125 Arborway, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts © 2012 President and Fellows of Harvard College Descriptive Summary Repository: Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 Call No.: I A-6 BPC Location: Archives Title: Arnold Arboretum and Boston Parks Commission partnership records, 1882- Dates: 1882- Creator(s): Arnold Arboretum; Boston Parks Commission Quantity: 4 linear inches Language of material: English Abstract: The Arnold Arboretum and Boston Parks Commission partnership records focus on the relations between the Arboretum and the city of Boston in administrating their shared responsibilities in the care and maintenance of the Arboretum. The bulk of the materials consist of correspondence from the office of the Director of the Arboretum to the Chairman of the Parks Commission. Note: Access to Finding Aid record in Hollis Classic or Hollis. Preferred Citation: Arnold Arboretum and Boston Parks Commission partnership records, 1882- . Archives of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Additional material: Sargent correspondence with the Boston Parks Department or the Chair’s designees may be found by searching the Arnold Arboretum Correspondence Database and the papers of the Arboretum’s subsequent directors: Oakes Ames (Supervisor) 1927-1935, Archives I B EDM Elmer Drew Merrill (1876- 1956) papers, 1920-1956 Karl Sax 1946-1954, Richard A. Howard, 1954-1978, Peter S. Ashton 1978-1987, Robert E.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Benefits of Public Open
    PERSONAL BENEFITS OF PUBLIC OPEN studies have examined the effects of activity participation SPACE: A CASE STUDY IN BOSTON'S on benefit measures ranging from the physiological to the ARNOLD ARBORETUM " psychological to the economic (see review by Driver et al. 1991). This paradigm works well for many forms of recreation, particularly in more remote settings where there is uniformity in both the activities undertaken and the population served. In the city, though, things are different. Thomas A. More Cities provide space, and a highly diverse population makes what use of it they will. For example, More (1985) Research Social Scientist, USDA Forest Service, examined two central city parks during July and August Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, P.O. Box 968, and found users engaged in 156 different activities. The Burlington, VT 05402 amount and nature of use varied with the time of day and the characteristics of the landscape. In a study of trail use John Blackwell in Chicago's Warren Park, Gobster (1991) found that 5 1.2% of the users engaged in strolling as their primary Clerk, Arnold Arboretum Park Conservancy, 14 Beacon activity, while the remainder were engaged in a variety of Street, Boston, MA 02 108 activities ranging from sitting (13.9%) to bicycling (9.2%) to free play (2.3%). In addition, 73.3% of all users engaged in a secondary activity such as walking a dog Abstract: Managers of urban parks need to document the (8%), conversing (6.5%), or listening to the radio (1.7%). benefits that their parks produce. Use level is a typical In a study of four parks in the Los Angeles area, each measure of such benefits, but simple use statistics can mask frequented by a different ethnic group, Loukaiton-Sideris the rich diversity of people and activities that the parks (1995) found that stationary activities (watching children serve.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Annual Report
    2018 ANNUAL REPORT The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Erik Gehring About Us historic and contemporary public garden and an international center for the study of woody plants and biodiversity, the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University disseminates knowledge and pursues a mission defined by excellence in Ahorticulture, research, and education. Operating as a public-private partnership between the City of Boston and Harvard University, the Arboretum stewards one of the world’s most comprehensive and best-documented collections of woody plants with particular focus on the ligneous floras of eastern North America and eastern Asia. The Arboretum’s 281-acre landscape in the heart of Boston was designed by Charles Sprague Sargent and Frederick Law Olmsted and is on the National Register of Historic Places. Funded entirely through endowments, annual gifts, and membership support, the Arnold Arboretum is nonetheless a free community resource for all and a jewel in Boston’s Emerald Necklace of parks. Photos by Kathleen Dooher by Photos Note from the Director WILLIAM (NED) FRIEDMAN DIRECTOR AND FACULTY FELLOW OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM ARNOLD PROFESSOR OF ORGANISMIC AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY he mission of the Arnold discovery and learning in the laboratories Arboretum on the preceding and classrooms at Weld Hill. It also page of this report has, at its provides a historical record of the core, remained constant and state and scope of our collections, the Telemental for nearly 150 years. Through breadth of published scholarship borne eight directors, hundreds of thousands here, and an accounting of the financial of living and preserved plants, and health of the institution as we approach revolutionary changes in how scientists our sesquicentennial in 2022.
    [Show full text]
  • The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 74 • NUMBER 1
    The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 74 • NUMBER 1 The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 74 • NUMBER 1 • 2016 CONTENTS Arnoldia (ISSN 0004–2633; USPS 866–100) 2 A Concise Chronicle of Propagation is published quarterly by the Arnold Arboretum Tiffany Enzenbacher and of Harvard University. Periodicals postage paid John H. Alexander III at Boston, Massachusetts. Subscriptions are $20.00 per calendar year 14 Unlocking Ancient Environmental Change domestic, $25.00 foreign, payable in advance. with the Help of Living Trees Remittances may be made in U.S. dollars, by John M. Marston check drawn on a U.S. bank; by international money order; or by Visa, Mastercard, or American 23 Cork: Structure, Properties, Applications Express. Send orders, remittances, requests to purchase back issues, change-of-address notices, Lorna J. Gibson and all other subscription-related communica- tions to Circulation Manager, Arnoldia, Arnold 28 Ulmus thomasii: The Hard Elm That’s Arboretum, 125 Arborway, Boston, MA 02130- Hard to Find 3500. Telephone 617.524.1718; fax 617.524.1418; Brian Pruka e-mail [email protected] Arnold Arboretum members receive a subscrip- Front cover: In this issue, Manager of Plant Produc- tion to Arnoldia as a membership benefit. To tion Tiffany Enzenbacher and Plant Propagator John H. become a member or receive more information, Alexander III describe the process of moving seeds and please call Wendy Krauss at 617.384.5766 or other propagules through the Arboretum’s plant produc- email [email protected] tion system. Seen here, a linden viburnum accession (Viburnum dilatatum, 1804-77) grown from seeds col- Postmaster: Send address changes to lected during an Arboretum expedition to the Republic Arnoldia Circulation Manager of Korea in 1977.
    [Show full text]
  • The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 77 • NUMBER 3
    The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 77 • NUMBER 3 The Magazine of the Arnold Arboretum VOLUME 77 • NUMBER 3 • 2020 CONTENTS Arnoldia (ISSN 0004–2633; USPS 866–100) 2 A Cottage Flora is published quarterly by the Arnold Arboretum Cat Meholic of Harvard University. Periodicals postage paid at Boston, Massachusetts. 6 Beyond the Trees: An Herbaceous Shift Subscriptions are $20.00 per calendar year at the Arnold Arboretum domestic, $25.00 foreign, payable in advance. Brendan Keegan Remittances may be made in U.S. dollars, by check drawn on a U.S. bank; by international 14 A Lily from the Valley money order; or by Visa, Mastercard, or American Michael S. Dosmann Express. Send orders, remittances, requests to purchase back issues, change-of-address notices, 26 Confronting Climate Change at an Urban and all other subscription-related communica- Grassland: Preserving and Restoring the tions to Circulation Manager, Arnoldia, Arnold Grasslands at Green-Wood Arboretum, 125 Arborway, Boston, MA 02130- Joseph Charap, Sara Evans, 3500. Telephone 617.524.1718; fax 617.524.1418; and Frank S. Rossi e-mail [email protected] Arnold Arboretum members receive a subscrip- 32 Each Year in the Forest: Winter tion to Arnoldia as a membership benefit. To Andrew L. Hipp become a member or receive more information, Illustrated by Rachel D. Davis please call Wendy Krauss at 617.384.5766 or email [email protected] 40 Promise of Bark: Eucommia ulmoides Postmaster: Send address changes to Kathryn Richardson Arnoldia Circulation Manager Front and back cover: Urban grasslands are a dominant The Arnold Arboretum feature in cities like Boston and New York.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arnold Arboretum Introduces a New Online Presence
    Silva The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 2020-21 FALL | WINTER MAGAZINE 21114_Silva_Newsletter.indd 1 10/26/20 10:47 AM Visit our Landscape Safely THIS FALL AND WINTER The Arnold Arboretum landscape remains open to the public. The Hunnewell Building and Visitor Center at 125 Arborway are closed to the public until further notice. Check out the “Plan a Visit” page on our website for any changes in respect to health and safety guidelines. Enjoy nature while protecting yourself and our community The Arboretum landscape is free and open daily from dawn to dusk. As long as the City of Boston requires masks be worn in public spaces, all Arboretum visitors must wear a mask or cloth face covering in addition to maintaining a social distance of at least six to ten feet at all times. This is in accordance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pandemic safety guidelines. Please carry out any trash you bring in or generate. Thank you for your assistance in helping to keep the Arboretum clean. To ensure the safety of visitors, all public restroom facilities have been closed. Please plan accordingly. If you require assistance while on the grounds, please call the Arnold Arboretum Ambassadors (857.268.3185). Look for our Visitor Engagement staff in the landscape on select fall days. Thank you for the role you play in keeping the Arnold Arboretum open and sharing its treasures with Boston and the world. Visit us at arboretum.harvard.edu 21114_Silva_Newsletter.indd 2 10/26/20 10:47 AM Silva 8 2020-21 FALL | WINTER MAGAZINE 4 14
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Exempt Property in Boston Analysis of Types, Uses, and Issues
    Tax Exempt Property in Boston Analysis of Types, Uses, and Issues THOMAS M. MENINO, MAYOR CITY OF BOSTON Boston Redevelopment Authority Mark Maloney, Director Clarence J. Jones, Chairman Consuelo Gonzales Thornell, Treasurer Joseph W. Nigro, Jr., Co-Vice Chairman Michael Taylor, Co-Vice Chairman Christopher J. Supple, Member Harry R. Collings, Secretary Report prepared by Yolanda Perez John Avault Jim Vrabel Policy Development and Research Robert W. Consalvo, Director Report #562 December 2002 1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................3 Ownership........................................................................................................................3 Figure 1: Boston Property Ownership........................................................................4 Table 1: Exempt Property Owners .............................................................................4 Exempt Land Uses.........................................................................................................4 Figure 2: Boston Exempt Land Uses .........................................................................4 Table 2: Exempt Land Uses........................................................................................6 Exempt Land by Neighborhood .................................................................................6 Table 3: Exempt Land By Neighborhood ..................................................................6 Table 4: Tax-exempt
    [Show full text]
  • Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections
    Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections By Emily Beech, Kirsty Shaw and Meirion Jones June 2015 Recommended citation: Beech, E., Shaw, K., & Jones, M. 2015. Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections. BGCI. Acknowledgements BGCI gratefully acknowledges the many botanic gardens around the world that have contributed data to this survey (a full list of contributing gardens is provided in Annex 2). BGCI would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in the promotion of the survey and the collection of data, including the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Yorkshire Arboretum, University of Liverpool Ness Botanic Gardens, and Stone Lane Gardens & Arboretum (U.K.), and the Morton Arboretum (U.S.A). We would also like to thank contributors to The Red List of Betulaceae, which was a precursor to this ex situ survey. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) BGCI is a membership organization linking botanic gardens is over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. www.bgci.org FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) FFI, founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, based on sound science and take account of human needs. www.fauna-flora.org GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN (GTC) GTC is undertaken through a partnership between BGCI and FFI, working with a wide range of other organisations around the world, to save the world’s most threated trees and the habitats which they grow through the provision of information, delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use.
    [Show full text]
  • Boston a Guide Book to the City and Vicinity
    1928 Tufts College Library GIFT OF ALUMNI BOSTON A GUIDE BOOK TO THE CITY AND VICINITY BY EDWIN M. BACON REVISED BY LeROY PHILLIPS GINN AND COMPANY BOSTON • NEW YORK • CHICAGO • LONDON ATLANTA • DALLAS • COLUMBUS • SAN FRANCISCO COPYRIGHT, 1928, BY GINN AND COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 328.1 (Cfte gtftengum ^regg GINN AND COMPANY • PRO- PRIETORS . BOSTON • U.S.A. CONTENTS PAGE PAGE Introductory vii Brookline, Newton, and The Way about Town ... vii Wellesley 122 Watertown and Waltham . "123 1. Modern Boston i Milton, the Blue Hills, Historical Sketch i Quincy, and Dedham . 124 Boston Proper 2 Winthrop and Revere . 127 1. The Central District . 4 Chelsea and Everett ... 127 2. The North End .... 57 Somerville, Medford, and 3. The Charlestown District 68 Winchester 128 4. The West End 71 5. The Back Bay District . 78 III. Public Parks 130 6. The Park Square District Metropolitan System . 130 and the South End . loi Boston City System ... 132 7. The Outlying Districts . 103 IV. Day Trips from Boston . 134 East Boston 103 Lexington and Concord . 134 South Boston .... 103 Boston Harbor and Massa- Roxbury District ... 105 chusetts Bay 139 West Roxbury District 105 The North Shore 141 Dorchester District . 107 The South Shore 143 Brighton District. 107 Park District . Hyde 107 Motor Sight-Seeing Trips . 146 n. The Metropolitan Region 108 Important Points of Interest 147 Cambridge and Harvard . 108 Index 153 MAPS PAGE PAGE Back Bay District, Showing Copley Square and Vicinity . 86 Connections with Down-Town Cambridge in the Vicinity of Boston vii Harvard University ...
    [Show full text]
  • A Souvenir Guide to Boston and Environs (1895)
    DOOK A ^rmtk W.s. .no COFYRIGirr DEPOSai ^ c,rON ^^ AND ENVIRONS D I G.W.ARMSTRONG ^ PUBLISHER-BOSTON ! Jos. Schlitz's Arnold & Go's Ogdensburg Famous India Pale Ale and Milwaukee Beer Porter In Wood and Bottles, for the trade and family use. Send orders to . JOSEPH GAHI^, N. E. Agent, TELEPHONE 954. 125 Purchase Street, BOSTON. O O Schlitz's Schlitz's Pale Export Schlitz's and Dark Porter O O Put up in pints and quarts, a id warranted to keep their natural flavor for months in any climate . Also bottler of Imported Kaiser, Pilsener, and Culinbach Beers. Gahm's Malt Extract A FOOD! ATONIC! AN INYIGORATOR! It builds up and strengthens the system of the weak and debilitated ; it aids and hastens the recovery to health and vigor of the Si'c^ and Convalescent and is especially recommended to persons suffering from Indigestion and Dyspepsia. It is an easily assimilated Food which possesses all the invigorating and tonic properties dor- mant in malt in the most pleasing and palatable fortpt. For Sale by all Druggists and Grocers. Otis E. Weld & Co. Successors to JOHN D. & M. WILLIAMS, . IMPORTERS OF Wines and Spr'rits AGENTS Louis Roederer Champagne 1 85 and 1 87 State Street, BOSTON, MASS. THE SEASHORE, LAKE, AND MOUNTAIN HEALTH AND PLEASURE RESORTS OF Eastern and Northern New England Are easily accessible by the frequent trains of the Boston & Maine RAILROAD If you desire to visit some of the historic towns within easy reach of Boston, a short journey will take you to Salem.
    [Show full text]
  • Literaturverzeichnis
    Literaturverzeichnis Abaimov, A.P., 2010: Geographical Distribution and Ackerly, D.D., 2009: Evolution, origin and age of Genetics of Siberian Larch Species. In Osawa, A., line ages in the Californian and Mediterranean flo- Zyryanova, O.A., Matsuura, Y., Kajimoto, T. & ras. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1221–1233. Wein, R.W. (eds.), Permafrost Ecosystems. Sibe- Acocks, J.P.H., 1988: Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd rian Larch Forests. Ecological Studies 209, 41–58. Edition. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, Abbadie, L., Gignoux, J., Le Roux, X. & Lepage, M. 146 pp. (eds.), 2006: Lamto. Structure, Functioning, and Adam, P., 1990: Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge Uni- Dynamics of a Savanna Ecosystem. Ecological Stu- versity Press. Cambridge, 461 pp. dies 179, 415 pp. Adam, P., 1994: Australian Rainforests. Oxford Bio- Abbott, R.J. & Brochmann, C., 2003: History and geography Series No. 6 (Oxford University Press), evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric 308 pp. Hultén. Molecular Ecology 12, 299–313. Adam, P., 1994: Saltmarsh and mangrove. In Groves, Abbott, R.J. & Comes, H.P., 2004: Evolution in the R.H. (ed.), Australian Vegetation. 2nd Edition. Arctic: a phylogeographic analysis of the circu- Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. marctic plant Saxifraga oppositifolia (Purple Saxi- 395–435. frage). New Phytologist 161, 211–224. Adame, M.F., Neil, D., Wright, S.F. & Lovelock, C.E., Abbott, R.J., Chapman, H.M., Crawford, R.M.M. & 2010: Sedimentation within and among mangrove Forbes, D.G., 1995: Molecular diversity and deri- forests along a gradient of geomorphological set- vations of populations of Silene acaulis and Saxi- tings.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Spatial and Temporal Distribution Pattern of Major
    1 1 A taxonomically harmonized and temporally standardized fossil pollen dataset 2 from Siberia covering the last 40 ka 3 Xianyong Cao1*, Fang Tian1, Andrei Andreev1,2,, Patricia M. Anderson3, Anatoly V. Lozhkin4, 4 Elena Bezrukova5,6, Jian Ni7, Natalia Rudaya1,6,, Astrid Stobbe8, Mareike Wieczorek1, Ulrike 5 Herzschuh1,9,10 6 1 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 7 Potsdam, Germany 8 2 Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, 9 Russia 10 3 Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98185, USA 11 4 North East Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 685000 12 Magadan, Russia 13 5 Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Favorskogo 1a, 14 664033 Irkutsk, Russia 15 6 Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 16 17, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 17 7 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, 321004 Jinhua, China 18 8 Goethe University, Norbert-Wollheim-Platz 1, Frankfurt am Main 60629, Germany 19 9 Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, 14476 20 Potsdam, Germany 21 10 Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, Potsdam 14476, 22 Germany 23 Correspondence: Ulrike Herzschuh ([email protected]) and Xianyong Cao ([email protected]; 24 [email protected]) 2 25 * Present address: Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth ciences, 26 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China 27 Abstract 28 Pollen records from Siberia are mostly absent in global or Northern Hemisphere 29 synthesis works.
    [Show full text]