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Historical Review MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, COLUMBIA THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State-Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS, 1992-1995 Avis G. TUCKER, Warrensburg, President JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Liberty, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G. J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary, and Librarian PERMANENT TRUSTEES FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE SOCIETY WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau TRUSTEES, 1992-1995 WALTER ALLEN, Brookfield W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville JAMES A. BARNES, Raytown EMORY MELTON, Cassville VERA H. BURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City RICHARD DECOSTER, Canton STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis TRUSTEES, 1993-1996 HENRIETTA AMBROSE, Webster Groves FREDERICK W. LEHMANN IV, H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid Webster Groves LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage WALLACE B. SMITH, Independence TRUSTEES, 1994-1997 ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City DALE REESMAN, Boonville JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND, Columbia JAMES B. NUTTER, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City HENRY J. WATERS III, Columbia EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Eight trustees elected by the board of trustees, together with the president of the Society, consti­ tute the executive committee. The executive director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis H. RILEY BOCK, New Madrid AVIS G. TUCKER, Warrensburg LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN, Rolla VIRGINIA G. YOUNG, Columbia JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOLUME XC, NUMBER 1 OCTOBER 1995 JAMES W. GOODRICH LYNN WOLF GENTZLER Editor Associate Editor CHRISTINE MONTGOMERY ANN L. ROGERS Research Assistant Research Assistant The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is published quarterly by the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Second- class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. POSTMASTERS: Send address changes to MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201-7298. Copyright © 1995 by The State Historical Society of Missouri COVER DESCRIPTION: The elegant Auguste Chouteau mansion, which faced Main Street between Market and Walnut Streets, was the focus of business, political, and social gatherings in early St. Louis. David Holmes Conrad, a young Virginia lawyer, arrived in the city at the close of the ter­ ritorial period. His reminiscences about persons, customs, and events during the early statehood years, edited by James Goodrich and Lynn Wolf Gentzler, begin on page 1. EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Missouri history will be con­ sidered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The foot­ notes, prepared according to The Chicago Manual of Style, also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manuscripts on disk. The disk must be IBM compatible, preferably in WordPerfect. Two hard copies still are required, and the print must be letter or near-letter quality. Dot matrix submissions will not be accept­ ed. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation, and style are criteria for acceptance and publication. Manuscripts should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of the State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: History and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quarterly, and The Journal of American History. Manuscripts submitted for the Review should be addressed to Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor, Missouri Historical Review, State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201-7298. BOARD OF EDITORS LAWRENCE O. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University Columbus WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIG Central Missouri State University Stephens College Warrensburg Columbia JEAN TYREE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia CONTENTS "I WELL REMEMBER": DAVID HOLMES CONRAD'S RECOLLECTIONS OF ST. LOUIS, 1819-1823. PART 1. Edited by James W Goodrich and Lynn Wolf Gentzler 1 DR. JOHN SAPPINGTON: SOUTHERN PATRIARCH IN THE NEW WEST. By Lynn Morrow 38 "THE LAST TREE CUT DOWN": THE END OF THE BOOTHEEL FRONTIER, 1880-1930. By Bonnie Stepenoff 61 WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR ALL?: THE SUPPRESSION OF THE GERMAN-AMERICAN CULTURE DURING WORLD WAR I. By Chris Richardson 79 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Society Libraries: Reference Library 90 News in Brief 92 Local Historical Societies 95 Gifts 105 Missouri History in Newspapers 109 Missouri History in Magazines 114 In Memoriam 120 BOOK REVIEWS 121 Morris, Ann, and Henrietta Ambrose. North Webster: A Photographic History of a Black Community. Reviewed by Lynn Wolf Gentzler. Tucker, Phillip T. The South's Finest: The First Missouri Confederate Brigade from Pea Ridge to Vicksburg. Reviewed by Charles R. Mink. Jackson, John C. Shadow on the Tetons: David E. Jackson and the Claiming of the American West. Reviewed by Harmon Mothershead. Keefe, James F., and Lynn Morrow, eds. The White River Chronicles of S. C. Turnbo: Man and Wildlife on the Ozarks Frontier. Reviewed by Duane Meyer. BOOK NOTES 126 Mobley, Jane. Home Place: A Celebration of Life in Bridgeton, Missouri. McConnell, Curt. Great Cars of the Great Plains. Reynolds County, Missouri l(Sesquicentennial Year" 1845-1995. Schroeder, Roxana. A History of One Hundred Fifty Years at Smith Creek, 1842-1992. Winter, William C. The Civil War in St. Louis: A Guided Tour. Neth, Mary. Preserving the Family Farm: Women, Community, and the Foundations of Agribusiness in the Midwest, 1900-1940. Auchly, W. J., David Barker, and Peggy Oliver Rodgers. A Pictorial History of Montgomery County: 175 Years, 1818-1993. CONTRIBUTORS TO MISSOURI CULTURE: VINNIE REAM HOXIE Inside back cover Courtesy Barbara Harrison Browder "I Well Remember": David Holmes Conrad's Recollections of St. Louis, 1819-1823 Part 1 EDITED BY JAMES W. GOODRICH AND LYNN WOLF GENTZLER* On December 29, 1819, a subzero-degree day, David Holmes Conrad, a young lawyer from Winchester, Virginia, stepped out of a small boat onto land near St. Louis, the capital of the Missouri Territory. Conrad, who went by "Holmes" throughout his life, had traveled by horseback with Joshua Newbrough, a retired Winchester cabinetmaker who came to Missouri to settle upon land he had purchased. Before reaching the Missouri Territory, the twosome spent a few days in Wheeling, Virginia (present-day West * James W. Goodrich is the executive director of the State Historical Society of Missouri. He received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Missouri-Columbia. Lynn Wolf Gentzler is the associate director of the State Historical Society of Missouri; she received the M.A. degree from the University of Missouri-Columbia. 1 2 Missouri Historical Review Virginia), a month in Zanesville, Ohio, and several days in Louisville, Kentucky, before crossing into Illinois.1 When he finally reached St. Louis, Conrad easily gained acceptance in the city's social and political scene. His lineage and family connections pro­ vided him excellent entrees and references, as his reminiscences attest. Conrad had been born in Winchester on January 15, 1800. His father, Daniel Conrad, was a prominent physician who had graduated from the University of Pennsylvania's school of medicine in 1791. He continued his medical studies at the University of Edinburgh and in London before return­ ing to Winchester in 1793 or 1794 to practice medicine.2 The doctor married Rebecca Holmes, the daughter of Colonel Joseph Holmes, who had been in charge of the British and Hessian prisoners housed in Winchester during the American Revolution. She bore him two sons, the oldest being Holmes. His brother, Robert Young Conrad, was born on December 5, 1805. The family resided in a large brick house on Market Street in Winchester, where the doctor nurtured a successful practice. In September 1806, Doctor Conrad died from undulant fever, the result of an epidemic that swept through Winchester and the Virginia countryside. Despite his large practice, many of his patient accounts had gone uncollect­ ed. Consequently, his wife was forced to rent out the Conrad home and, with her sons, board at a Winchester hotel owned by an in-law. These frugal cir­ cumstances did not cause the Conrad boys' educations to be neglected. Holmes attended private schools, and both he and his brother studied at the Winchester Academy. In January 1812, Holmes Conrad went to Washington, D.C, to visit an uncle, David Holmes, who at the time was governor of the Mississippi Territory. Prior to that, Governor Holmes had served as a Virginia member of the U.S. House of Representatives for six terms, 1797-1809. Conrad witnessed many of the nation's early political leaders at work as he sat in the galleries of Congress.
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