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Humanitarian Action Report 2002

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Humanitarian Action Report 2002 ANGOLA K 14° Brazzaville 18° as 22° 4° CONGO ai 4° Kinshasa ANGOLA DA IN e B ir Kikwit A a DEMOCRATIC C Z K K w REPUBLIC w Cabinda i a l OF THE u n g e o g Nóqui CONGO an Lo Soyo M'banza Congo K w ANGOLA e ZAIRE e Quimbele n g C W id Damba g K br u e a M a s a m a Bembe UÍGE n L i g b u o a N'zeto Bungo a n Dundo e g og Uíge u L e a Ambriz Negage p a U Andrada 8 Cuilo c 8 ° i ° a Marimba h de m Lucapa Caxito Dan Camabatela b C L a LUNDA i u o CUANZA Luremo a c b s Luanda O a s m NORTE l NORTE a a Cuango a L G C N'dalatando Quela C u l LUANDA Malanje Lubalo u N o a Lucala l E Dondo i Saurimo Cabo Ledo uanza Cangandala Xá-Muteba u C C B M DEMOCRATIC Cabo de São Bráz ALA LUNDA L CUANZA L N REPUBLIC on ua Cacolo ga Mussende n JE OF THE do SUL Porto Amboim Quibala Quirima Muconda CONGO o au t Lu ATLANTIC Gabela SUL a Cuv t Quimbango ai o u lo s Sumbe ou Uaco ndu as Q C A C u Cungo Ca ev Nharea Lumeje OCEAN ssong e Bimbe ue Luena e Camacupa ez 12° HUAMBO Chicala b Cazombo 12° Balombo Luatamba m Lobito Cuemba a Kuito Lucusse Z Benguela Huambo L o Lumbala BENGUELA un ng Cubal gué-Bu Ponta das Salinas C op or olo Ganda Cuima Sambo BIÉ MOXICO Cabo de L un Santa Maria gw Zambezi Chitembo C eb C u u Cabo de Caconda n u a g Santa Marta i n u t Lumbala Quilengues o Q d u o N'guimbo Cubango e NAMIBE Menongue m HUÍLA Cuchi b Bibala Matala o C u Lubango b Chiume e Techamutete a n Chibia n g Cuíto ZAMBIA Namibe e o n Cuanavale u Mavinga Virei Chiange C Cuvelai Tombua CUANDO 16° U 16° Curoc t a Cahama CUNENE CUBANGO em bo Xangongo Savate Z C am u b ene Ondjiva it e un o z C Chitado Santa Clara i Cuangar Luiana International boundary Cubango Province boundary Mucusso National capital NAMIBIA Province capital Town, village Road 0 50 100 150 200 km BOTSWANA Track 0 50 100 150 mi Railroad The boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply Airport official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 14 18 22 20° ° ° ° 20° Map No. 3727 Rev. 2 UNITED NATIONS Department of Public Information October 1997 (Colour) Cartographic Section This map does not reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any country or territory or the delimitation of any frontiers. Core country data (Source: The State of the World’s Children 2001) Child Population (‘000s) 6,749 U5 mortality rank 2 U5 mortality rate 295 Infant mortality rate 172 Maternal mortality ratio (1980-99) 1 a N/a Primary school enrolment ratio (1980-99) 2 a 88 % U1 fully immunized (DPT) 29 % of population using improved drinking water sources 38 Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS in 1999 (‘000s)3 160 % U5 suffering moderate and severe malnutrition 42 1 Maternal mortality data provided in this table are those reported by national authorities. Periodically UNICEF and WHO evaluate these data and make adjustments to account for underreporting and misclassification of maternal deaths. Such an exercise is currently in progress, and if no data is shown above then this indicates that results are not yet available a Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified 2 The number of children enrolled at primary school level, regardless of age, divided by the population which officially corresponds to that level. 3 Source: UNAIDS UNICEF A Humanitarian Appeal for Children and Women January – December 2002 ANGOLA UNICEF Angola Financial Summary US$ Health 7,113,615 Nutrition 1,659,500 Water and sanitation 3,248,750 Education 2,490,000 Child protection 2,357,500 Mine action 1,136,700 TOTAL 18,006,065 Country background – situation of children and women The level of vulnerability among the general population in Angola is one of the highest in the world. A greater percentage of Angolan people are at risk of disease and destitution than in virtually any other African country. More than 25% of the population is displaced and at least 10% of all Angolans are dependent on external assistance to survive. The recent intensification of guerrilla and counter- insurgency warfare has deepened the crisis for many civilian populations, particularly groups struggling to subsist in interior regions and other militarily active areas. The most basic human rights of civilians are routinely violated by armed elements, which directly target communities, either by attacking their villages and looting agricultural fields or by forcibly relocating entire groups away from their homes and land. Approximately 257,000 IDPs live in camps and transit centres where they are dependent on humanitarian assistance. An additional 393,000 IDPs are temporarily resettled in peri-urban areas and receive assistance aimed at helping them achieve self-reliance. The remaining 562,000 IDPs, most of whom receive some form of assistance, are integrated into urban or peri-urban communities. Continued conflict throughout 2001 has continued to increase hardship for most Angolan children and women. Children are the primary victims, both in terms of major threats such as separation from families, lack of food, mines, abduction and other gross violations of their rights but also in their right to access basic services such as health and education. The under-five mortality rate of 295 per 1,000 live births is the second highest in the world, with one child dying every three minutes. More than 50% of Angolan children suffer from chronic malnutrition. 53% percent of children under five are stunted and 19% of infants are born with a low birth-weight. At least 60% of children suffer from vitamin A deficiency. Throughout 2001, malnutrition rates more or less stabilized, except for places like Kuito and Camacupa linked to IDPs movement from inaccessible areas to the municipalities of Balombo and Ganda in Benguela, where rates of over 10% were registered during the hungry season. Malaria is the primary cause of mortality among children, accounting for 40% of deaths. Less than 20% of children are fully immunized against preventable diseases. In most locations, facilities for pre- and post-natal care and delivery services are either inadequate or non-existent, contributing to exceptionally high maternal and infant morbidity and mortality rates. The infant mortality rate is estimated at 172 deaths per every 1,000 live births. The maternal mortality rate remains one of the highest in the world, reaching 1,800 deaths per every 100,000 live births. Only an estimated 33% of urban, and 15% of rural households, have access to safe drinking water. Approximately 160,000 Angolans are estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS. The HIV/AIDS crisis is expected to create an estimated 350,000 AIDS orphans by 2009. Displaced populations are particularly vulnerable due to lack of protection, HIV/AIDS awareness and poor healthcare. In the absence of a strong national response, the prevalence rate is likely rise to approximately 10% of the adult population by 2009. As little as 45% of Angola’s school age children attend school. Dropout rates remain high, particularly among girls – estimates show that as many as 65% of adolescent girls are illiterate. Virtually none of the children who are permanently or temporarily outside the formal school system have access to other educational opportunities, including non-formal education. Teaching is severely hampered by the lack of basic materials and high pupil-teacher ratios in almost all classrooms make it difficult for children to learn. In several provinces, schools have been forced to shut due to the lack or absence of teachers. Teacher training is often poor, affecting professional performance and leading to lower educational standards. The conflict and increasing poverty continue to push children out of their homes and to separate them from their natural families, either voluntarily or involuntarily. It is estimated that 100,000 children are orphaned of at least one parent, and many of these no longer live with their birth families. Some children are also exposed to gross violation of their rights through abduction by armed groups, sexual exploitation and domestic violence. Many children, particularly those who have fled militarily contested areas, end up on the streets of larger towns and provincial capitals. The absence of support systems exposes them to hazardous work, sexual exploitation and domestic violence and many separated children are institutionalized – at least 8,000 children live in homes and orphanages. Although there are systems for family tracing, support for reunited children and families remains inadequate. The Ministry of Justice estimates that only about 5% of children have had their births registered, which means that unregistered children do not legally exist and therefore cannot enrol in schools. It also becomes difficult for young boys to prove their age and have consequently greater risk of early recruitment into the armed forces. Displaced youths are particularly vulnerable, as they may not have the family or community support to protect them. In 2001, the Government approved a campaign led by the Ministry of Justice for the registration of three million children in 18 months. The Angolan Government and the IMF have recently reviewed progress in staff monitoring programmes.
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