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A Form of Helong Language Maintenance

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A Form of Helong Language Maintenance http://www.ejurnal.undana.ac.id/AJES ©AJES-Acad. J. Edu. Sci Ludji/AJES, 2019, 2 (1): 5 – 9 ISSN-2654-5624(O), ISSN-2654-5969(P) AN ANALYSIS OF “IDA I DO AND OKE” TRADITIONAL SONG: A FORM OF HELONG LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE By Ifoni Ludji [email protected] (Artha Wacana Christian University) Abstract: literary activities are not limited by particular activity of rituals. It covers almost cultural aspects and routines of certain socio-cultural community can be represented by activity of literature. To keep using traditional songs is a kind of literary activities along with local language and mother tongou maintenance. This kind of literary activity is very positive because it caries local language and local content like deletion, metathesis, reduplication, compound words, acronym, sentence patters, articles, meaning and metaphor. It also contains religious values, spirit, and social values. Keywords: Helong language maintenance, traditional song, linguistic unsure, social value INTRODUCTION occur in a long period of time which takes time to Human civilization is changing in massive and observe the changes in which linguistic aspects. intensive ways on every aspect of life like law, politics, However, it can be viewed by the decrease of lingual economy, and socio-cultural aspect. The changes unit, gemination, dissimilation, metathesis, and the indicated by cultural values transformation, changes on phonemic structure. The changes which transportation, easily information and communication found in Helong language affect it on phonology, access, a firm bilateral relationship, and massive morphology, and semantics. urbanization. Those changes appears not is significant Literary activity is a strategy of language and in short period of time, however, their affect cannot maintenance. Effendy (2006: 6) states that literary be ignored. The changes occur by human interaction activity is included into social phenomena which stick which uses language as a medium. Therefore, language to primary activities. It may be found in funeral is also impacted on some levels in both negatives and ceremony, religious rituals, and even some national positives. ceremonies. It is also represented in traditional songs. As a medium cultural dynamics and change, In Helong language, the famous traditional songs are language (especially mother tongue) needs a serious “Ida I do and Oke”. These songs represent meanings treatment. It relates to potential negative effects caused and values of daily routines, customs, and traditions. by human interaction with multilingual competence This writing expreses and identifies linguistic forms, which may cause language selection and even death of language styles, and values carried in the songs. This local language and mother tongue. A simple case shows analysis aims at scrutinizing values contained in “Ida I that when a community has already recognized and do and Oke” traditional songs in Helong language. used other language, the linguistic homogeneity is avoided and when they do it in massive and continuous METHOD ways, they will come to a language selection process This writing applies qualitative approach to which abandon local language and then use the new investigate the process of occurrence of linguistic one, moreover, language policy and communal- unsure, language styles, and values carried by Helong psychological encouragement found in particular traditional songs “Ida I do and Oke”. Descriptive community where languages are selected. This may be method is also used to elaborate data supported by caused by what is called as language pride. noting lyrics. The next process is to transcribe into The above case is also found in Helong English and followed by analysis. Data is also obtained language. Interlocutors of this language tend to use by consulting proper informants who master Helong Bahasa Indonesia with some adaptation, like this language and especially those two songs. Besides, phonological association which occurs on proper noun informants, according to Djajasudarman, (1993: 33) that /o/ phoneme is changed into /u/, /e/ into /i/, /d/ into need to fulfill the criteria like passing certain level of /di/, and /c/ into /s/. The changes on local language formal education, literate, and good social interaction. 5 http://www.ejurnal.undana.ac.id/AJES ©AJES-Acad. J. Edu. Sci Ludji/AJES, 2019, 2 (1): 5 – 9 ISSN-2654-5624(O), ISSN-2654-5969(P) metaphor of figurative language as following DISCUSSION part of lyric. Wijana (in Pribadi, 2016: 4) stated that language maintenance covers not only language Bali-bali de babang ana timbang bali de elaboration on its description and the area of use, but An baun sing tia-ma lam ne ui eeh dalen how to explore it through its interlocutors. This means Sing kai ddap tilun lako-pait tam ne doson dael that there must be efforts to grow pride of local tuu language to the native speakers. Linguistic pride and awareness of norm are very crucial in language The underlined phrases ui eeh dalen (rain in maintenance process. Therefore, in accordance with summer) and doson dael tuu (glossy dry land) Wijana, literary activity like singing traditional songs express a man who falls down pushed by enables linguistic pride in term of language someone. maintenance. c. Parable Song lyric expresses emotional conditions of Tarigan (2008: 28) states that parable is a any situation. In literary work of art, song lyric is comparison of two things which are actually different to another language work. It must be different but considered to be similar or even associated with song tone, rhythm, and length. This alike. demands composers to be creative in using proper In lyric of “I da I do and Oke” songs, it is language style. Keraf (2010: 22) says that diction in found parable of figurative language as literary work of art of song refers to the use of following part of lyric. vocabulary that really represents ideas of feelings and thoughts through language styles. The style used in Bali-bali de babang ana timbang bali de song lyric artistically contains value of the art itself. Bap ana ki tuladang sung kiuk neon Consequently, language style in song lyric has to cover Bap ana ki tuladang bung abrapa both idea and artistic aspect of the work. Dosonnadosonno Figurative Language Found in lyric of “I da I do The underlined phrases are parables which and Oke” songs compare duty of bapana (a leader) who is in Tarigan (2009: 6) divided language style in high position as sung kiuk neno a bird which four categories; comparison, reduplication, linking, and usually perches on the highest branch of a tree contradiction. In lyric of “I da I do and Oke” song, it is and bung abrapa a plant which grows on found comparison figurative language. anothers. Comparison Figurative Language The lyric of “I da I do and Oke” songs covers Linguistic Elements Found in “I da I do and Oke” personification, metaphor, and parable. Songs a. Personification Language studies have been developing in four Personification is a figurative language that areas. They are phonology, morphology, syntax, and associates things (non human) to have human semantics (Matthews, 1974: 2). They are called micro characteristics (Keraf, 2008: 140). In the lyric linguistics which contribute to the development of of “I da I do and Oke” songs, it is found: language study as a whole. Those four areas of study help in language maintenance analysis more I da do se oman so I da I do specifically in “I da I do and Oke” songs. There are also Papa ku taon le daar lena-lena le a nuting four elements of linguistic found in those two Helong Nuting mo an kai daap tilunun ducat dukat traditional songs. They are: tan le elo e do 1. Phonology a. Release the underlined lyric above is a part of Helong /tika/ becomes /tik/ myths kai dapa which means a kind of birds /kita/ becomes /kit/ believed to have only one bird egg along its /teka/ becomes /tek/ life. Therefore, this is used as an expression of /nalan/ becomes /nal/ eternity of God. This also represents the /mia/ becomes /mi/ characteristic of God, ‘The Only One’. /tana/ becomes /tan/ b. Metaphor b. Metathesis Metaphor in figurative language is a /dapa/ becomes /daap/ comparison of two different things which have /nuli/ becomes /nuil/ same characteristic(s) (Keraf, 2008: 139). In /hangu/ becomes /haung/ lyric of “I da I do and Oke” songs, it is found /dara/ becomes /daar/ 6 http://www.ejurnal.undana.ac.id/AJES ©AJES-Acad. J. Edu. Sci Ludji/AJES, 2019, 2 (1): 5 – 9 ISSN-2654-5624(O), ISSN-2654-5969(P) /dani/ becomes /dain/ e. /in/ ashaft →/kai in mesa/ c. Partial Reduplication f. /tul/ a roll →/tali tul mesa/ /lihu/ becomes /li-lihu/ g. /unus/ a pile →/ngai unus mesa/ /maingasar/ becomes /maingasar-ngasar/ 2. Morphology 4. Semantics There are some features of morphology found in “I Semantic s is divided into lexical semantics and da I do and Oke” songs. They are reduplication, grammatical semantics. In songs’ lyrics of “I da I metathesis, and abbreviation do and Oke” it is found lexical semantics as this a. Reduplication following. /buan-buan/ a. Use of word ‘luis’ does not only refer to noun ‘ /bole-bole/ cat’ but to tembus or ‘to penetrate’ as well. It is /ngasar-ngasar/ also called metonymy. This followings are /maingasar-ngasar/ metonymies found in the songs. /li-lihu/ - ‘loe' refers to verb bakar ‘to burn’ and b. Metathesis botak ‘bald’ /muri/ becomes /muir/ - 'lolo' refers to mengunjungi kebun ‘to go to /hale/ becomes /hael/ field’ and lurus ‘straight’ /nuli/ becomes /nuil/ - 'dukat' refers to nama ‘name’ kebesaran /hangu/ becomes /haung/ ‘greatness’ /kami/ becomes /kaim/ - 'hua' refers to lahir, ‘to bear’, orang tua /dani/ becomes /dain/ ‘parents’ and sayang´’to love’ c. Compound Words - 'nusa' refers to pulau ‘island’ and lawar /hitu/ broken /hoen/ broken /hituhoen/ ‘salad’ descent - 'pulu' refers to dogeng ‘fairytale’ and /loka/ to call /taru/ to order bicara ‘to speak’ /loka-taru/ to execute b.
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