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Piperazine (‘MT-45’) EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a New a New on Report Joint EMCDDA–Europol Psychoactive Substance: 1-Cyclohexyl-4- I Contents 3 I 1

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Piperazine (‘MT-45’) EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a New a New on Report Joint EMCDDA–Europol Psychoactive Substance: 1-Cyclohexyl-4- I Contents 3 I 1 JOINT REPORTS ISSN 1977-7868 MT-45 EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: 1-cyclohexyl-4- (1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine (‘MT-45’) In accordance with Article 5 of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances About this series EMCDDA–Europol Joint Report publications examine the detailed information provided by the EU Member States on individual new psychoactive substances. Information is collected from the Reitox network, the Europol national units and the national competent authorities of the European Medicines Agency. Each Joint Report serves as the basis upon which the decision to conduct a risk assessment of the new psychoactive substance is taken. It is part of the three-step procedure involving information exchange, risk assessment and decision-making in the framework of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA. EMCDDA–Europol joint publication I Contents 3 I 1. Introduction 3 I 2. Information collection process 4 I 3. Information required by Article 5.2 of the Council Decision 4 I 3.1. Chemical and physical description, including the names under which the new psychoactive substance is known (Article 5.2(a) of the Council Decision) 5 I 3.2. Information on the frequency, circumstances and/or quantities in which a new psychoactive substance is encountered, and information on the means and methods of manufacture of the new psychoactive substance (Article 5.2(b) of the Council Decision) 5 I 3.2.1. Information provided to Europol 6 I 3.2.2. Information provided to the EMCDDA 6 I 3.3. Information on the involvement of organised crime in the manufacture or trafficking of the new psychoactive substance (Article 5.2(c) of the Council Decision) 6 I 3.4. A first indication of the risks associated with the new psychoactive substance, including the health and social risks, and of the characteristics of users — Article 5.2(d) of the Council Decision 6 I 3.4.1. First indication of health risks 9 I 3.4.2. Characteristics of users 10 I 3.5. Information on whether or not the new substance is currently under assessment, or has been under assessment, by the UN system (Article 5.2(e) of the Council Decision) 10 I 3.6. The date of notification on the Reporting Form of the new psychoactive substance to the EMCDDA or to Europol (Article 5.2(f) of the Council Decision) 10 I 3.7. Information on whether or not the new psychoactive substance is already subject to control measures at national level in a Member State (Article 5.2(g) of the Council Decision) 11 I 3.8. Further information (Article 5.2(h) of the Council Decision) 11 I 3.8.1. The chemical precursors that are known to have been used for the manufacture of the substance 11 I 3.8.2. The mode and scope of the established or expected use of the new substance 11 I 3.8.3. Other use of the new psychoactive substance and the extent of such use, the risks associated with this use of the new psychoactive substance, including the health and social risks 11 I 4. Information from the EMA (Article 5.3 of the Council Decision) 11 I 4.1. Marketing authorisation 12 I 4.2. Application for a marketing authorisation 12 I 4.3. Suspended marketing authorisation 12 I 5. Conclusion 13 I References 14 I Annexes I Acknowledgements The EMCDDA would like to thank the following for their contribution in producing this publication: I the Early Warning System (EWS) correspondents of the Reitox national focal points (NFPs) and experts from their national EWS networks; I the Europol national units (ENUs) and Europol Project Synergy; I the national competent authorities responsible for human and veterinary medicinal products in the Member States, Norway and Iceland; I the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European Commission; I the World Health Organization; I Dr István Ujváry for preparing a technical review on MT-45. Project team: Michael Evans-Brown, Andrew Cunningham, Ana Gallegos, Roumen Sedefov, Anabela Almeida (EMCDDA) and Daniel Dudek (Europol). 2 / 17 I 1. Introduction concluded by 28 May 2014; additional information and clarifications from some countries were received up to four Article 5.1 of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA (1) (hereinafter weeks after this date. referred to as ‘the Council Decision’) stipulates that ‘Where Europol and the EMCDDA, or the Council, acting by a majority Europol asked the Europol national units to provide of its members, consider that the information provided by the information on: Member State on a new psychoactive substance merits the collection of further information, this information shall be n the level of MT-45 production in their country; collated and presented by Europol and the EMCDDA in the n the level of MT-45 distribution in their country; form of a Joint Report (hereinafter the “Joint Report”).’ The n the level of MT-45 trafficking in their country, for internal, Joint Report shall be submitted to the Council of the EU, the transit or export purposes; European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European n the number of seizures of MT-45 in their country, the total Commission. amount of the seizures, country of origin, details on the physical forms (including photos); In April 2014 the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and n the role of organised crime, or criminal groups, in the Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and Europol examined the production, distribution and trafficking of MT-45 in their available information on the new psychoactive substance country; and, 1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine, commonly n any known aspect of violence and/or money laundering known as MT-45, through a joint assessment based upon the relating to the production and trafficking of MT-45. following criteria: Europol received responses from 21 Member States (2). 1. the amount of the material seized; 2. evidence of organised crime involvement; According to Article 5.3 of the Council Decision, the EMA 3. evidence of international trafficking; requested that the national competent authorities responsible 4. analogy with better-studied compounds; for human and veterinary medicinal products in the Member 5. evidence of the potential for further (rapid) spread; and, States, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein provide information 6. evidence of cases of serious intoxication or fatalities. on whether: The EMCDDA and Europol agreed that the information n the new psychoactive substance MT-45 has obtained a collected on MT-45 satisfied criteria 4, and, in particular, marketing authorisation; criteria 6. The two agencies therefore concluded that sufficient n the new psychoactive substance MT-45 is the subject of an information had been accumulated to merit the production of application for a marketing authorisation; and, a Joint Report on MT-45 as stipulated by Article 5.1 of the n a marketing authorisation that had been granted in respect Council Decision. of the new psychoactive substance MT-45 has been suspended. The EMA received responses from 15 Member States and I 2. Information collection process Norway (3). The EMA also provided information as relevant to the central authorisation procedure. In compliance with the provisions of the Council Decision, on 16 April 2014 the EMCDDA and Europol launched a procedure Furthermore, in anticipation of Article 7.3 of the Council for the collection of information on MT45, in order to prepare Decision in relation to the manufacturing of medicinal the Joint Report. The information was collected mainly products in the European Union (EU), the EMA also requested through the Reitox national focal points in the Member States, information on whether the new psychoactive substance Turkey and Norway as well as the Europol national units. In MT-45 is used to manufacture a medicinal product: addition, the EMA collected information through the national competent authorities responsible for human and veterinary (2) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, medicinal products in the Member States, Norway, Iceland Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the and Liechtenstein. The EMA also provided information as Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia and Spain. (3) Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Sweden and the United Kingdom provided relevant to the centralised procedure for authorising medicinal a response in relation to human and veterinary medicinal products. Lithuania, products. The information collection process was largely the Netherlands and Spain provided a response in relation to human medicinal products. Belgium, France, Latvia, Poland, Portugal and Slovenia provided a response in relation to veterinary medicinal products. Norway (1) OJ L 127, 20.5.2005, p. 32. provided a response in relation to human medicinal products. 3 / 17 JOINT REPORTS I MT-45 n which has been granted a marketing authorisation; 3.1. Chemical and physical description, including the n for which an application has been made for a marketing names under which the new psychoactive authorisation; and, substance is known (Article 5.2(a) of the Council n for which a marketing authorisation has been suspended Decision) by a competent authority. I Chemical description and names The EMA received responses from 15 Member States (4) and Norway. The EMA also provided information as relevant to the MT-45 is an N,N-disubstituted piperazine compound, having a central authorisation procedure. cyclohexane ring attached to one nitrogen and a 1,2-diphenylethyl moiety attached to the other nitrogen The EMCDDA collected data through: (Figure 1). 1. a structured questionnaire to the Reitox national focal MT-45 is an analgesic substance that was developed by the points. The EMCDDA received replies from the 28 Member Japanese company Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, in the States, Turkey and Norway; early 1970s while searching for analogues of the tricyclic 2.
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