Microbial Community and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Population Dynamics in Relayed Oysters
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Official Nh Dhhs Health Alert
THIS IS AN OFFICIAL NH DHHS HEALTH ALERT Distributed by the NH Health Alert Network [email protected] May 18, 2018, 1300 EDT (1:00 PM EDT) NH-HAN 20180518 Tickborne Diseases in New Hampshire Key Points and Recommendations: 1. Blacklegged ticks transmit at least five different infections in New Hampshire (NH): Lyme disease, Anaplasma, Babesia, Powassan virus, and Borrelia miyamotoi. 2. NH has one of the highest rates of Lyme disease in the nation, and 50-60% of blacklegged ticks sampled from across NH have been found to be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. 3. NH has experienced a significant increase in human cases of anaplasmosis, with cases more than doubling from 2016 to 2017. The reason for the increase is unknown at this time. 4. The number of new cases of babesiosis also increased in 2017; because Babesia can be transmitted through blood transfusions in addition to tick bites, providers should ask patients with suspected babesiosis whether they have donated blood or received a blood transfusion. 5. Powassan is a newer tickborne disease which has been identified in three NH residents during past seasons in 2013, 2016 and 2017. While uncommon, Powassan can cause a debilitating neurological illness, so providers should maintain an index of suspicion for patients presenting with an unexplained meningoencephalitis. 6. Borrelia miyamotoi infection usually presents with a nonspecific febrile illness similar to other tickborne diseases like anaplasmosis, and has recently been identified in one NH resident. Tests for Lyme disease do not reliably detect Borrelia miyamotoi, so providers should consider specific testing for Borrelia miyamotoi (see Attachment 1) and other pathogens if testing for Lyme disease is negative but a tickborne disease is still suspected. -
BACTERIAL and PHAGE INTERACTIONS INFLUENCING Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ECOLOGY
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2016 BACTERIAL AND PHAGE INTERACTIONS INFLUENCING Vibrio parahaemolyticus ECOLOGY Ashley L. Marcinkiewicz University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Marcinkiewicz, Ashley L., "BACTERIAL AND PHAGE INTERACTIONS INFLUENCING Vibrio parahaemolyticus ECOLOGY" (2016). Master's Theses and Capstones. 852. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/852 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BACTERIAL AND PHAGE INTERACTIONS INFLUENCING Vibrio parahaemolyticus ECOLOGY BY ASHLEY MARCINKIEWICZ Bachelor of Arts, Wells College, 2011 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Microbiology May, 2016 This thesis has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Microbiology by: Thesis Director, Cheryl A. Whistler Associate Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences Stephen H. Jones Research Associate Professor of Natural Resources and the Environment Jeffrey T. Foster Assistant Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences On April 15th, 2016 Original approved signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………... vi LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………… vii LIST OF FIGURES…….………………………………………………………….. viii ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………. -
(Crisprs) in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood Sources
microorganisms Article Characterization and Analysis of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Seafood Sources Nawaporn Jingjit 1, Sutima Preeprem 2, Komwit Surachat 3,4 and Pimonsri Mittraparp-arthorn 1,4,* 1 Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkla, Thailand; [email protected] 2 Microbiology Program, Faculty of Science Technology and Agriculture, Yala Rajabhat University, Muang District, Yala 95000, Yala, Thailand; [email protected] 3 Division of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand; [email protected] 4 Molecular Evolution and Computational Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-74-288-314 Abstract: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the significant seafood-borne pathogens causing gastroen- teritis in humans. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are commonly Citation: Jingjit, N.; Preeprem, S.; Surachat, K.; Mittraparp-arthorn, P. detected in the genomes of V. parahaemolyticus and the polymorphism of CRISPR patterns has been Characterization and Analysis of applied as a genetic marker for tracking its evolution. In this work, a total of 15 pandemic and Clustered Regularly Interspaced 36 non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from seafood between 2000 and 2012 were Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) characterized based on hemolytic activity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and CRISPR elements. The in Pandemic and Non-Pandemic results showed that 15/17 of the V. parahaemolyticus seafood isolates carrying the thermostable direct Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from hemolysin gene (tdh+) were Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) positive. -
Whole-Body Microbiota of Sea Cucumber
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2017), 27(10), 1753–1762 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1707.07067 Research Article Review jmb Whole-Body Microbiota of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) from South Korea for Improved Seafood Management S Tae-Yoon Kim1,3, Jin-Jae Lee1,3, Bong-Soo Kim1,3*, and Sang Ho Choi2,3* 1Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea 2Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea 3Food-borne Pathogen Omics Research Center (FORC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea Received: July 27, 2017 Revised: August 24, 2017 Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is a popular seafood source in Asia, including South Accepted: August 28, 2017 Korea, and its consumption has recently increased with recognition of its medicinal First published online properties. However, because raw sea cucumber contains various microbes, its ingestion can August 31, 2017 cause foodborne illness. Therefore, analysis of the microbiota in the whole body of sea *Corresponding authors cucumber can extend our understanding of foodborne illness caused by microorganisms and B.S.K. help to better manage products. We collected 40 sea cucumbers from four different sites in Phone: +82-33-248-2093; Fax: +82-33-256-3420; August and November, which are known as the maximum production areas in Korea. The E-mail: [email protected] microbiota was analyzed by an Illumina MiSeq system, and bacterial amounts were quantified S.H.C. by real-time PCR. The diversity and bacterial amounts in sea cucumber were higher in August Phone: +82-2-880-4857; Fax: +82-2-873-5095; than in November. -
Enterovibrio, Grimontia (Grimontia Hollisae, Formerly Vibrio Hollisae), Listonella, Photobacterium (Photobacterium Damselae
VIBRIOSIS (Non-Cholera Vibrio spp) Genera in the family Vibrionaceae currently include: Aliivibrio, Allomonas, Catenococcus, Enterovibrio, Grimontia (Grimontia hollisae, formerly Vibrio hollisae), Listonella, Photobacterium (Photobacterium damselae, formerly Vibrio damselae), Salinivibrio, and Vibrio species including V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii, and V. mimicus alginolyticus and V. metschnikovi. (Not all of these have been recognized to cause human illness.) REPORTING INFORMATION • Class B2: Report by the end of the business week in which the case or suspected case presents and/or a positive laboratory result to the local public health department where the patient resides. If patient residence is unknown, report to the local public health department in which the reporting health care provider or laboratory is located. • Reporting Form(s) and/or Mechanism: Ohio Confidential Reportable Disease form (HEA 3334, rev. 1/09), Positive Laboratory Findings for Reportable Disease form (HEA 3333, rev. 8/05), the local health department via the Ohio Disease Reporting System (ODRS) or telephone. • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requests that states collect information on the Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance Report (52.79 E revised 08/2007) (COVIS), available at http://www.cdc.gov/nationalsurveillance/PDFs/CDC5279_COVISvibriosis.pdf. Reporting sites should use the COVIS reporting form to assist in local disease investigation and traceback activities. Information collected from the form should be entered into ODRS and sent to the Ohio Department of Health (ODH). • Additional reporting information, with specifics regarding the key fields for ODRS Reporting can be located in Section 7. AGENTS Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (does not agglutinate in O group-1 sera), strains other than O139; Vibrio vulnificus and Photobacterium damselae (formerly Vibrio damselae) and Grimontia hollisae (formerly Vibrio hollisae), V. -
Induction and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
microorganisms Communication Induction and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Corynebacterium diphtheriae Takashi Hamabata 1, Mitsutoshi Senoh 2,*, Masaaki Iwaki 3, Ayae Nishiyama 1, Akihiko Yamamoto 3 and Keigo Shibayama 2 1 Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; [email protected] (T.H.); [email protected] (A.N.) 2 Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; [email protected] 3 Management Department of Biosafety and Laboratory Animal, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; [email protected] (M.I.); [email protected] (A.Y.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-42-561-0771 Abstract: Many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, can become vi- able but nonculturable (VBNC) following exposure to specific stress conditions. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a known human pathogen causing diphtheria, has not previously been shown to enter the VBNC state. Here, we report that C. diphtheriae can become VBNC when exposed to low tem- peratures. Morphological differences in culturable and VBNC C. diphtheriae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Culturable cells presented with a typical rod-shape, whereas VBNC cells showed a distorted shape with an expanded center. Cells could be transitioned from VBNC to culturable following treatment with catalase. This was further evaluated via RNA sequence-based transcriptomic analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR of culturable, VBNC, and resusci- Citation: Hamabata, T.; Senoh, M.; tated VBNC cells following catalase treatment. As expected, many genes showed different behavior Iwaki, M.; Nishiyama, A.; Yamamoto, A.; Shibayama, K. -
Human Microbiota Network: Unveiling Potential Crosstalk Between the Different Microbiota Ecosystems and Their Role in Health and Disease
nutrients Review Human Microbiota Network: Unveiling Potential Crosstalk between the Different Microbiota Ecosystems and Their Role in Health and Disease Jose E. Martínez †, Augusto Vargas † , Tania Pérez-Sánchez , Ignacio J. Encío , Miriam Cabello-Olmo * and Miguel Barajas * Biochemistry Area, Department of Health Science, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; [email protected] (J.E.M.); [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (T.P.-S.); [email protected] (I.J.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.C.-O.); [email protected] (M.B.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: The human body is host to a large number of microorganisms which conform the human microbiota, that is known to play an important role in health and disease. Although most of the microorganisms that coexist with us are located in the gut, microbial cells present in other locations (like skin, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and the vaginal zone in women) also play a significant role regulating host health. The fact that there are different kinds of microbiota in different body areas does not mean they are independent. It is plausible that connection exist, and different studies have shown that the microbiota present in different zones of the human body has the capability of communicating through secondary metabolites. In this sense, dysbiosis in one body compartment Citation: Martínez, J.E.; Vargas, A.; may negatively affect distal areas and contribute to the development of diseases. Accordingly, it Pérez-Sánchez, T.; Encío, I.J.; could be hypothesized that the whole set of microbial cells that inhabit the human body form a Cabello-Olmo, M.; Barajas, M. -
Protecting the Safety and Quality of Live Oysters Through the Integration of Predictive Microbiology in Cold Supply Chains
Protecting the Safety and Quality of Live Oysters through the Integration of Predictive Microbiology in Cold Supply Chains by Judith Fernandez-Piquer MSc Food Safety, Wageningen University, 2007 BSc Food Science and Technology, University of Barcelona, 2006 BSc Technical Industrial Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 2003 A thesis submitted to the School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November, 2011 Declaration of originality and authority of access Declaration of originality and authority of access Declaration of Originality I, Judith Fernandez-Piquer, certify that this thesis does not contain any material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University of Tasmania or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis. To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis does not contain material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text of the thesis and nor does this thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. _____________________________ Judith Fernandez-Piquer, 30 November 2011 Authority of access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. _____________________________ Judith Fernandez-Piquer, 30 November 2011 - 3 - Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This research has been possible with the collaboration of amazing people I have met along the way. After three and a half years of oyster adventures, I am glad to have the opportunity to express my gratitude to all of you. I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Mark Tamplin, for all the experience and knowledge you have shared with me. -
Pathogenic Vibrio Species Are Associated with Distinct Environmental Niches and Planktonic Taxa in Southern California (USA) Aquatic Microbiomes
RESEARCH ARTICLE Pathogenic Vibrio Species Are Associated with Distinct Environmental Niches and Planktonic Taxa in Southern California (USA) Aquatic Microbiomes Rachel E. Diner,a,b,c Drishti Kaul,c Ariel Rabines,a,c Hong Zheng,c Joshua A. Steele,d John F. Griffith,d Andrew E. Allena,c aScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA bDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA cMicrobial and Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA dSouthern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, California, USA ABSTRACT Interactions between vibrio bacteria and the planktonic community impact marine ecology and human health. Many coastal Vibrio spp. can infect humans, represent- ing a growing threat linked to increasing seawater temperatures. Interactions with eukaryo- tic organisms may provide attachment substrate and critical nutrients that facilitate the per- sistence, diversification, and spread of pathogenic Vibrio spp. However, vibrio interactions with planktonic organisms in an environmental context are poorly understood. We quanti- fied the pathogenic Vibrio species V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus,andV. vulnificus monthly for 1 year at five sites and observed high abundances, particularly during summer months, with species-specific temperature and salinity distributions. Using metabarcoding, we estab- lished a detailed profile of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic coastal microbial communities. We found that pathogenic Vibrio species were frequently associated with distinct eukaryo- tic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), including diatoms and copepods. Shared environ- mental conditions, such as high temperatures and low salinities, were associated with both high concentrations of pathogenic vibrios and potential environmental reservoirs, which may influence vibrio infection risks linked to climate change and should be incorporated into predictive ecological models and experimental laboratory systems. -
Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma Species in Australian Human-Biting Ticks
RESEARCH ARTICLE Bacterial Profiling Reveals Novel “Ca. Neoehrlichia”, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma Species in Australian Human-Biting Ticks Alexander W. Gofton1*, Stephen Doggett2, Andrew Ratchford3, Charlotte L. Oskam1, Andrea Paparini1, Una Ryan1, Peter Irwin1* 1 Vector and Water-borne Pathogen Research Group, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 2 Department of Medical Entomology, Pathology West and Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 3 Emergency Department, Mona Vale Hospital, New South Wales, Australia * [email protected] (AWG); [email protected] (PI) Abstract OPEN ACCESS In Australia, a conclusive aetiology of Lyme disease-like illness in human patients remains Citation: Gofton AW, Doggett S, Ratchford A, Oskam elusive, despite growing numbers of people presenting with symptoms attributed to tick CL, Paparini A, Ryan U, et al. (2015) Bacterial bites. In the present study, we surveyed the microbial communities harboured by human-bit- Profiling Reveals Novel “Ca. Neoehrlichia”, Ehrlichia, ing ticks from across Australia to identify bacteria that may contribute to this syndrome. and Anaplasma Species in Australian Human-Biting Ticks. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0145449. doi:10.1371/ Universal PCR primers were used to amplify the V1-2 hyper-variable region of bacterial journal.pone.0145449 16S rRNA genes in DNA samples from individual Ixodes holocyclus (n = 279), Amblyomma Editor: Bradley S. Schneider, Metabiota, UNITED triguttatum (n = 167), Haemaphysalis bancrofti (n = 7), and H. longicornis (n = 7) ticks. STATES The 16S amplicons were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform and analysed in Received: October 12, 2015 USEARCH, QIIME, and BLAST to assign genus and species-level taxonomies. -
Vibrios Illness (Vibriosis)
Vibrios Illness (Vibriosis) What is vibriosis? Vibrios illness is caused by bacteria found naturally in seawater environments, like bay or gulf waters. Vibrio infections occur with exposure to seawater or consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. Vibriosis includes 2 different types of infections: Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) and Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus). All vibriosis infections must be reported to the Alabama Department of Public Health. What are the symptoms of vibriosis? General vibrios illness symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, chills, fever, shock, skin lesions, and wound infections. V. parahaemolyticus typically causes non‐bloody diarrhea. V. vulnificus can cause in people who are immunocompromised, for example liver disease or cancer, to be at higher risk for serious complications. For high‐risk people, V. vulnificus typically infects the bloodstream, causing a life‐threatening illness. How does vibriosis spread? V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus generally are not passed person-to-person. Vibriosis infections occur when people eat raw or undercooked shellfish, particularly oysters. Less commonly, vibriosis can cause an infection in the skin when an open wound is exposed to warm seawater. How do I stop the spread of Vibriosis? Most V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in the United States can be prevented by: o Thoroughly cooking seafood, especially oysters. o Avoiding exposure of open wounds to warm seawater. o Closing oyster beds when an outbreak is traced to an oyster bed by health officials recommend, until vibrios levels are lower. What should I do if I suspect I have vibriosis? Contact your healthcare provider to determine if you have contracted vibriosis. -
Infectious Organisms of Ophthalmic Importance
INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS OF OPHTHALMIC IMPORTANCE Diane VH Hendrix, DVM, DACVO University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996 OCULAR BACTERIOLOGY Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms consisting of a cell membrane, cytoplasm, RNA, DNA, often a cell wall, and sometimes specialized surface structures such as capsules or pili. Bacteria lack a nuclear membrane and mitotic apparatus. The DNA of most bacteria is organized into a single circular chromosome. Additionally, the bacterial cytoplasm may contain smaller molecules of DNA– plasmids –that carry information for drug resistance or code for toxins that can affect host cellular functions. Some physical characteristics of bacteria are variable. Mycoplasma lack a rigid cell wall, and some agents such as Borrelia and Leptospira have flexible, thin walls. Pili are short, hair-like extensions at the cell membrane of some bacteria that mediate adhesion to specific surfaces. While fimbriae or pili aid in initial colonization of the host, they may also increase susceptibility of bacteria to phagocytosis. Bacteria reproduce by asexual binary fission. The bacterial growth cycle in a rate-limiting, closed environment or culture typically consists of four phases: lag phase, logarithmic growth phase, stationary growth phase, and decline phase. Iron is essential; its availability affects bacterial growth and can influence the nature of a bacterial infection. The fact that the eye is iron-deficient may aid in its resistance to bacteria. Bacteria that are considered to be nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic can cause infection in compromised hosts or present as co-infections. Some examples of opportunistic bacteria include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., and Pseudomonas spp.