The Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 1999. INSTITUTION Office of Public Affairs (DHEW/OE), Washington, DC

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TITLE The Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 1999. INSTITUTION Office of Public Affairs (DHEW/OE), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1999-00-00 NOTE 314p.; Published monthly. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Library of Congress Information Bulletin; v58 n1-12 Jan-Dec 1999 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Awards; Budgets; Donors; Exhibits; Financial Support; *Library Collection Development; Library Materials; Program Development; Publications IDENTIFIERS *Library of Congress

ABSTRACT These 12 issues, representing 1 calendar year (1999) of "The Library of Congress Information Bulletin," contain information on Library of Congress new collections and program developments, lectures and readings, financial support and materials donations, budget, honors and awards, Web sites and digital collections, new publications, exhibits, preservation, bicentennial anniversary plans. Cover stories focus on the Edna St. Vincent Millay collection; 1998 year in review; sound and pictures from Edison Companies; the Alexander Graham Bell papers; the work of Charles and Ray Eames; the Gerry Mulligan collection; frontiers of the mind in the 21st Century; John and Ruby Lomax collection of American folk songs; publication of "Language of the Land: The Library of Congress Book of Literary Maps"; prints and drawings from the Ben and Beatrice Goldstein Collection, 19i2-194E.; "John Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of British-American Relations" exhibition; and the Bicentennial Gifts to the Nation program. (AEF)

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The Library of Congress Information Bulletin, Vol. 58, Issues 1-12, January through December 1999

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) a This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality.

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The Edna St. Vincent Millay Collection 3 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS c. or Information CO Bulletin s JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 1 January 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Portrait of Edna St. Vincent Millay. Photo by Carl Van Vechten. Cover Story: The Library has recently acquired more than 20,000 new items to add to its extensive collection of manuscripts of poet Edna St. Vincent Millay. 318 The Engineering Record:The Shell Oil Foundation has donated $500,000 for the completion of the digitization 313of the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER). 311 Books & Beyond:This fall, the Library's lecture series featured three authors discussing their work: Barbara Wolanin, Anne Fadiman and Patricia O'Toole. 312 Harriman Papers:The personal papers of Pamela Digby Churchill Harriman, the late U.S. ambassador to France, have been donated to the Library by her estate. 314 Remembering Slavery:The Library hosted a celebration of the publication of the book and tape collection Remembering Slavery and a companion radio series. 314 315Four Centuries of Dance:"An American Ballroom Companion: Dance Instruction Manuals, ca. 1490-1920" is the latest collection to go on-line from the Library's American Memory project. 315 Hitsville USA:Former performers, executives and choreographers of Motown Records came to the Library Nov. 20 for a special symposium to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the popular music studio. 316 The Shape of Europe:Former Austrian Ambassador to the U.S. Friedrich Hoess delivered the third Vienna Lecture at the Library Dec. 1. 321 317News from the Center for the Book 322

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov /loc/lcib / Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 323 JOHN H. SAYERS, Production

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SS Shell Supports Engineering Record Foundation Gift Puts American Records On-Line

The Shell Oil Foundation has donated $500,000 for completion of the digitization of the Historic Ameri- can Engineering Record (HAER), which documents America's historic industrial, engineering and transportation heritage and is one of the largest and most heavily used collections in the Library. Some of the materials are now available from the American Memory Collections of the Library of Congress at www.loc.gov/. "The Library is grateful to the Shell Oil Foundation for its generous gift," said Dr. Billington. "The Historic American Engineering Record has been preserved by the Library for 'fusel El-Amin Yusef El-Amin nearly 30 years and used by research-J.N. Doherty, senior vice president, Shell Oil Company Foundation, ers who have come here from acrossand Dr. Billington announce the Shell Oil Foundation's donation in the country. Now, through Shell'ssupport of the digitization of the Historic American Engineering Record gift and the power of the Internet,at the Library on Nov. 19. Americans everywhere will be able to take advantage of the richness oflater, HAER was endorsed by thementation of America's historic indus- this important collection of ourAmerican Society of Mechanical En- trial, engineering and transportation nation's built history." gineers, the Institute of Electricalresources as well as the working and HAER was formed in 1969 toand Electronic Engineers, the Ameri-living conditions of the people asso- complement the Historic Americancan Institute of Chemical Engineersciated with them. These records and Buildings Survey (HABS), a Newand the American Institute of Min-those of its companion HABS collec- Deal Works Progress Administrationing, Metallurgical and Petroleumtion were transferred to the Library agency chartered in 1933 to docu-Engineers. for public service and preservation. ment historic architecture of national "We are pleased to make this valu- Currently, more than 9,000 photo- or regional significance. Recogniz-able resource available and acces-graphs, 260 architectural drawings ing the fragility and unique nature ofsibletothepublic,"saidJ.N.and 80,000 pages of written history the nation's industrial and engineer-Doherty, senior vice president, Shellare on-line in the HABS/HAER col- ing record, the National Park Ser-Oil Company Foundation. "The his-lection. Also available are the cata- vice, the Library of Congress and thetory and information in the Historiclog records for the survey that con- American Society of Civil EngineersAmerican Engineering Record col-tain approximately 183,000 photo- established HAER. A short whilelection will be an asset to the engi-graphs, 52,000 drawings and 115,000 neeringpro-pages of history, which will con- fession and totinue to be digitized over the years. students HABS and HAER are operated as throughout thecooperative ventures between the country,andpublic and private sectors. The U.S. willhavea Department of the Interior adminis- long-termters the surveys and creates docu- educationalmentary records. The American In- impact." stituteofArchitectsandthe HAER con-American Society of Civil Engineers ducts surveyshave provided professional counsel, andprovidesfinancial aid and other services to detailed docu-support these programs.

This view from the Wheeling, W.Va. suspension bridge over the Ohio River, 1977, is part of the HABS/HAER image gallery now on-line. Jack Boucher

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z Books & Beyond Three New Books Featured in Late 1998 Programs

BY JOHN Y. COLE the more spe- he Center for the Book establishedcialized chap- 1 its "Books & Beyond" author lec-ters, the end- ture series in January 1996 to stimulatenotes and the interest in books and reading by pre-appendices. We senting talks by authors of recentlyhave highlight- published books that draw on theed the discover- Library's collections or are connectedies made in the with a Library of Congress program orconservation of project. All presentations are free andhis work, about open to the public. the high quality From Jane Aikin Rosenberg's talk onof his paint- Jan. 30, 1996, about her book Theingand his Nation's Greatest Library: Herberttechniques." Putnam and the Library of Congress Following (University of Illinois Press, 1993)prefaces by Ar- through Patricia O'Toole's Dec. 8, 1998, chitect of the presentation (see below) about herCapitol AlanBarbara Wolanin contributed a chapter to The Library book Money and Morals in America:M. Hantmanof Congress: The Art and Architecture of the Thomas A History (St. Martin's Press, 1998), theand George M.Jefferson Building (left) and wrote Constantino Center for the Book has sponsored 27White, who, asBrumidi: Artist of the Capitol. "Books & Beyond" talks. Architect of the Capitol from 1971Brumidi's known works. The volume to 1995, started the Capitol's mural concludes with a chronology, bibliog- Barbara Wolanin on conservation program in 1984, Ms.raphy and index. Constantino Brumidi Wolanin presents an extensive chro- During her presentation Ms. Wol- Through slides, discussion and anological and analytical treatment ofanin introduced those contributors lively question-and-answer session,Brumidi. Her chapters follow thewho were present. She also paid a spe- curator for the Architect of the Capitolcourse of the artist's years at thecial tribute to Wayne Firth, a senior Barbara Wolanin presented a newCapitol, beginning with his creation ofphotographer for the Architect of the book about the U.S. Capitol to thethe building's first fresco. She providesCapitol, who shot approximately two- public at the Library of Congress ondetails of his murals and other worksthirds of the photographs in the book. Oct. 13. The program in the Library'sthat grace many of the Capitol's roomsHenry Hope Reed, a consultant on the Mumford Room was sponsored by theand corridors as well as the Rotundaproject, also was introduced. Center for the Book and the U.S. Capi-canopy and frieze. tol Historical Society as part of the Interspersed with her work are center's "Books & Beyond" series. seven specialized chapters: "The Ital- Written by Ms. Wolanin and includ-ian Years," by Pellegrino Nazzaro, ing chapters by several contributingchairman of the History Department, authors, the 260-page volume Constan- Rochester Institute of Technology; tino Brumidi: Artist of the Capitol tells"The Capitol's Extensions and New the story of the Capitol's major artist inDome," by architectural historian words and illustrations. It includesWilliam C. Allen; "Symbolism in the more than 200 illustrations (most ofRotunda," by cultural historian them in color) that depict the work ofFrancis V. O'Connor; "A Conservator's Brumidi (1805-1880) and the conserva-Perspective," by Bernard Rabin, who tion of his murals. "We wanted towas in charge of the conservation of stimulate greater understanding ofthe major Brumidi frescoes in the Brumidi's career and his work in theCapitol's Rotunda; "Conserving the Capitol," said Ms. Wolanin. "One wayRotunda Frescoes" by Bernard Rubin of doing this was to learn more about and Constance S. Silver; and "The Pro- his work in Italy before he came to thecess of Change in the Brumidi Corri- United States in the 1850s. But we alsodors," by conservators Christiana wanted to create a book that could beCunningham-Adams and George W. enjoyed by different audiences fromAdams. Appendices are: "Brumidi's casual visitors to the Capitol to serious First Fresco," "Brumidi's Assistants John V. Cole readers and conservators who will useand Fellow Painters" and a list of Barbara Wolanin

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Constantino Brumidi: Artist of theYou and You Fall Down Patricia O'Toole on Capitol was published by the Govern-(1997), which won the Money and Morals ment Printing Office as Senate Docu-National Book Critics PatriciaO'Toole ment 103-27, and is available fromCircle Award. spent Dec. 8 working in GPO for $26. It also is available from Ms. Fadiman's wry the Library's Manu- the U.S. Capitol Historical Society; forhumor, delight in script Division before information, call (202) 543-8919, ext. 11.language and detail presenting a talk about The Oct. 13 program was the third ( "I am a splitter") were her new book, Money about Washington presented jointly byobvious and are also and Morals in America: the Center for the Book and the U.S.evident in Ex Libris's A History, that evening Capitol Historical Society during thechapter titles, such as at the Library. past year. The first was "The Art and"Marrying Libraries" She began with a Architecture of the Thomas Jefferson(mixing her book col- brief tribute, first to the Building," held at the Library on Nov.lection with her hus- Library of Congress 14 1997 (See LC Information Bulletin,band's),"Never Do ("library of all librar- December 1997). The event marked theThat to a Book," "The Nancy Crampton ies") and then to her publication of The Library of Congress:His'er Problem, "Scorn Patricia O'Toole public library where The Art and Architecture of the ThomasNot the Sonnet" and she grew up in Michi- Jefferson Building (Norton, 1997), edited "The Odd Shelf" ("It has long been my gan. "I used the Library of Congress's by John Y. Cole and Henry Hope Reed, belief that everyone's library containsAndrew Carnegie Papers for Money which contains a chapter on the resto-an odd shelf.") and Morals, and now I'm deep in your ration and renovation of the Jefferson Her presentation, later seen onTheodore Roosevelt Papers research- Building by Ms. Wolanin. The secondC-SPAN2, emphasized that the love ofing a book about the last years of TR's was a presentation on July 28, 1998, bybooks "can take many forms." The life," she told the audience. Anthony Pitch, who described his book"courtly" love of books, which is real When she first ventured into the pub- The Burning of Washington: The British In- but platonic, emphasizes a book'slic library in her hometown, she as- vasion of 1814 (Naval Institute Press,physical self and leads to readingsumed it was some kind of commercial 1998) (See LC Information Bulletin, Sep- in chairs. To "carnal" book lovers,establishment. But then "when the li- tember 1998). Future joint programs areincluding herself and all members ofbrarian explained that all the books being planned. the Fadiman family,could be borrowed for free and words are holy and the asked me if I'd like a library card, I could Anne Fadiman on physical book is a "mere hardly believe it. I remember watching Her Love of Books vessel," to be treated as her fill out the card, with a fountain pen, "The story of our "wantonly as desire andand praying that she wouldn't change pragmatism"dictate.her mind while we were waiting for the livesis the story of Mb. books." "I love to write Hard use of books, sheink to dry. That library card No. 1221 in books." "You never noted is "a sign not of was my passport to the universe. know what you might disrespect but of inti-More than anything else, my library find stuck away in an macy," and she pre-card and the worlds it opened are old book." "I learn more sented several graphicwhat turned me into a writer." if I can have a dialogue examples, from won- Ms. O'Toole's first book, The Five of with a book." derful marginaliatoHearts: An Intimate Portrait of Henry Thesetributes to squashed food (bacon)Adams and His Friends, 1880-1918 books and reading were used as bookmarks. (Clarkson Potter, 1990), was set in but a few of the epi- In his introduction ofWashington's Lafayette Square in the grams that Anne Fadi- J. Ross Baughman Ms. Fadiman, this writerlate 19th and early 20th centuries. man spoke during her Anne Fadiman paid a tribute to herWhen she finished it in January 1989, "Books & Beyond" talk father, Clifton Fadiman, "I did not expect Washington to pro- presented at the Library on Oct. 20,the distinguished author and promotervide me with another idea for a book." 1998. Now the editor of The Americanof books and reading. In particular, heBut back in the city on a magazine as- Scholar, until early in 1998 she wrote the explained how Mr. Fadiman's example signment and struck by the contrast on popular "Common Reader" column inas "a lightning rod for the curious, in-Henry Adams's Lafayette Square be- the Library's magazine, Civilization. telligent reader" has inspired the work tween the homeless people and the Her new book, Ex Libris: Confessions ofof the LC Center for the Book. power symbolized by the White a Common Reader (Farrar, Strausand Ms. Fadiman referred frequently toHouse across the street, she decided to Giroux, 1998), is a compilation of herher father and entire family during herwrite about the history of the tension columns from Civilization some oftalk. Moreover, Ex Libris is dedicated to in America between private gain and which, she notes, "I've renamed orher parents, "who read tens of thou- public good. The result was Money and lengthened or fiddled with." She re-sands of pages aloud to me when I wasMorals in which, she notes, "the 'and' mains a Civilization contributing editor.a child, transmitting with everysyl-is as important as the other two During her talk she read an excerptlable their own passion for books. ...words," since money and morals are from Ex Libris and also briefly dis-Without them I would be neither a"inextricably connected." cussed her first book, The Spirit Catches reader nor a writer." continued on page 315 313 JANUARY 1999 . 0

Prominent Papers Pamela Harriman Collection Given toLibrary

The personal papers of Pamela Dig-since the opening days of World War LI" Harriman Foundation and as a vice by Churchill Harriman, who diedHe said he expected that the Pamelachairman of the Atlantic Council. in 1997 while serving as the U.S. am-Harriman papers would be consulted Born Pamela Digby in Farnborough, bassador to France, have been given to frequently by historians and scholarsEngland, in 1920, Harriman studied at the Library of Congress by her estate. after they are organized and made avail- the Sorbonne in Paris (1937-1938). In Harriman was a prominent figure inable for research. (As a condition of the1939 she married Randolph Churchill, national politics in the 1980s and 1990s. gift, the Harriman estate will controlthe son of Britain's wartime Prime She was on the board of directors of the access to the papers for 10 years.) Minister, Winston Churchill. She Commission on Presidential Debates The Pamela Harriman papers are a worked for various British war agen- (1987- 1993), chair and founder of the large collection, estimated to containcies during World War II and as a jour- "Democrats for the '80s" and "Demo-more than 500,000 items. They covernalist for the Beaverbrook Press after crats for the '90s," both major fund-all aspects of her life but are mostthe war. She came to the United States raising committees for the Nationalextensive regarding her active involve-in 1959 and married Leland Hayward Democratic Party, as well as Nationalment in civic, political and govern- in 1960. She became an American citi- co-chair of the Clinton-Gore campaignmental matters in the last 20 years.zen in 1971 and married W. Averell in 1992. President Clinton named herIn addition to her political work,Harriman in that year. ambassador to France in 1993. Harriman was a trustee of the College In addition to the gift of the Pamela Dr. Billington called the Pamela Harri- of William and Mary in Virginia,Harriman papers, her estate also do- man papers a "rich and highly valuableRockefeller University and the Brook-nated to the Library approximately resource" for the understanding ofings Institution, served on the Council29,000 more items to supplement the American national politics in the 1980s of the National Gallery of Art, theAverell Harriman papers. The Averell and early 1990s as well as for document- Winston Churchill Foundation andHarrimanpapers,approximately ing the life of an "extraordinary woman the W. Averell Harriman Institute for300,000 items, are also held by the who has been involved in national andRussian Studies, as well as on theLibrary and were the gift of Pamela international politics and diplomacyboard of directors of the Mary W. Harriman in 1986.

Remembering Slavery Volume and Radio Program Celebrated he Library hosted a celebration 1 of the publication of the book and tape collection Remembering Slavery (see LC Information Bulletin November 1999) on Nov. 9 in the Montpelier Room, as well as the companion radio series from Smithsonian Productions. The book and tape package, pub-

lished by the New Press, expands 4 upon the taped WPA interviews in the Library's Folk life collections with many more additional transcribed narratives, organized into five sections, each centering on a major theme. The radio series, produced by Smithsonian Productions and heard on affiliate stations of Public Radio International, compiles excerpts from many of these interviews. It provides a unique opportunity forIra Berlin (from left), author of Remembering Slavery; Deputy Librarian listeners everywhere to discoverDonald Scott, Tonea Stewart, host of the "Remembering Slavery" radio these vital historical resources andprogram; Director of Publishing W. Ralph Eubanks; Jacquie Gales their singular firsthand perspectiveWebb, producer of the radio series; and Kathie Parnell, projectmanager on slavery. of the radio program, at a Library fete.

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-AP "4/1\ The On-Line Ballroom Dance Instruction Manuals in AmericanMemory

The complete release of a ragtime era. multimedia collection ofAn American 13a11room Companion Other features of this site in- dance materials covering more Dance Instruction 'Manuals11)!! clude a narrative overview of than 400 years is on-line from the collection in a historical the Library's American Memory ea. 1490-1920 context and a special section on Web site at www.loc.gov/. "How to Use a Dance Manual." Ballroom Both of these were written by "An American , It i Companion: Dance Instruction I':... : noted dance historian and cho- Manuals, ca. 1490-1920" was reographer Elizabeth Aldrich, produced by the National Digitalshort videos consist of excerpts from awho served as special consultant to Library Program in conjunction withperformance in full costume, as well asthis project. the Music Division, and is the mostclose-up video "tutorials" of specific "An American Ballroom Compan- recent performing arts collection to besteps. The videos are linked exten- ion" is an electronic collection only; the released on-line by the Library. sively throughout the site and are pro-books themselves are located in sev- The centerpiece of this site consistsvided in four different formats to alloweral Library divisions including Music of more than 200 books relating to in-for variations in user equipment. and Rare Book as well as the general struction of social dance during the 400 This site is the first of the Library'scollections. years that are represented in the collec-performing arts electronic collections American Memory is a project of the tion. Complete page images are avail-to feature complete books on-line,National Digital Library Program, able for all books, and many are textalong with video clips. This collectionwhich, in collaboration with other ma- converted (in SGML as well as HTML) provides a way for scholars, dancersjor repositories, is making available to enable comprehensive searching. Inand students of all levels to researchon-line millions of important materials addition to dance instruction itself, theand replicate the steps to historicrelating to American history by the books cover other related topics suchdances from their nearest computeryear 2000, the Bicentennial of the as etiquette, dance history, anti-danceterminal. These materials represent aLibrary of Congress. More than 40 treatises and notation. comprehensive look at the history ofcollections and 1 million items are The newest feature of "An Americansocial dance within the context of spe-now available in media ranging from Ballroom Companion" is the additioncific eras, from the Renaissance pavanephotographs, manuscripts and maps of 75 video demonstrations of many ofand galliard to the group dances of theto motion pictures, sound recordings these historic dances, enabling users to late 18th century, the popular 19thand presidential papers. compare directly the written texts withcentury waltz and the more adventur- the movements themselves. Theseous dances (such as the tango) of the

Books Young Jr., the "man in the middle" continued from page 313 during the civil rights movement. Before she concluded, Ms. O'Toole As a writer, she decided "to explore told an anecdote about her research the tension between wealth and com- for Money and Morals. Until she monwealth in a series of mini-biogra- discoveredthattheLibrary of phies set in different periods from the Congress's American Memory site Puritans to the present. I chose eachcontained an entire 8,000-word ac- story because it seemed to me a great count of an 1859 slave auction that story a tale with compelling char-she used in her chapter about slavery, acters caught in the clash betweenshe considered editing a small book their individual desires for the things that would present this narrative to of the world and their vision of athe world. Now, however, she feels larger social good." In addition to ex-that it is "marvelous" that the narra- amining the contradictions at the core tive has become "immortal in cyber- of Andrew Carnegie's philanthropy,space" and "part of the common O'Toole's examples include Johnwealth" instead of "adding a smid- Winthrop's founding of a "godlygen to my wealth by making abrief kingdom" in Massachusetts, Emer-appearance in the little volume with son's and Thoreau's views of thean introduction by me." marketplace, Henry Ford's five-dollar day, Henry J. Kaiser's shipyards Mr. Cole is director of the Center for From the "American Ballroom during World War II and Whitney the Book. Companion" site

JANUARY 1999 315 BEST COPY AVAILA E Srof

Smokey Robinson and the Miracles perform in concert during the group'sheyday, including Bobby Rogers, Claudette Robinson, Ronnie White and Smokey Robinson. The Motown Sound Symposium Celebrates 40 Years of PopularMusic BY JOHN MARTIN collections through specialstaffmarkofMotown performing L'ormer performers, executives andprojects and resident fellowships.groups. As they answered audience choreographers recently joined atIx January 1998, the Library receivedquestions and recounted anecdotes, the Library in what became an enthu-$1 million from the early terminationthe panelists provided a living his- siastic celebration of the little studioof a 10-year Charitable Remaindertory of Motown's sensational suc- dubbed"HitsvilleUSA," whoseTrust that was created in 1994 by thecess. The studio's sound and per- unique sound defined an era in Afri-Krasnoffs. The gift has been added toformers dominated the pop music can American music, helped to breakthe Billington Trust Fund. scene from the late 1950s until the the race barrier on radio and left its The panel assembled for the eventbeginning of the "disco" period in stamp on pop culture at large. included Bobby Rogers, an originalthe mid-1970s. During its peak, "The Motown Sound: A Sympo-member of the Miracles; ClaudetteMotown's roster boasted such su- sium" was held Nov. 20 in the Cool-Robinson, the group's female vocal-pergroups as the Supremes, Smokey idge Auditorium to celebrate the 40thist and former wife of legendaryRobinson and the Miracles, Martha anniversary of Motown Records andMotown singer-songwriterBillReeves and the Vandellas, the Four to inaugurate a collaboration with"Smokey" Robinson; Esther GordyTops and the Temptations. former Motown artists and begin anEdwards, who isthesisterof Although it was billed as a "sym- in-depth exploration of African Ameri-Motown founder Berry Gordy andposium" the event's casual atmo- can-based popular music. who managed the studios' legal de-sphere had the flavor of a family re- The symposium was funded by thepartment and, later, supervised itsunion, perhaps because so many of James H. Billington Fund. Estab-growing portfolio of artistic talent;Motown's executives and perform- lished in 1994 by Abraham andand Cholly Atkins, a veteran chore-ers grew up within blocks of one an- Julienne Krasnoff in honor of the cur-ographerandshowman whoother in post-World War II Detroit. rent Librarian of Congress, Dr.crossed generational and musicalIn 1956, Bobby Rogers was a Detroit Billington, the fund supports schol-lines to create the smooth "vocalteenager whose hobby was singing arly use of and access to the Library'schoreography" that became a trade-doo-wop harmonies with his friends

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1 s in the park. His first group, thefine Motown performers. StrivingShow" in 1964. Matadors, acquired the stuff offor "a happy marriage between the The Motown symposium was greatness when joined by Smokeymusic and its setting," Mr. Atkinscybercast, or broadcast by computer, Robinson, who was continuallybrought polish and sophistication toas it occurred. Several thousand adding to his school notebook full ofthe live performances of MotownInternet users listened to the music songs and ideas. When Rogers'sgroups. He was also charged withand discussion and sent questions to cousin left the group to join theremaking the image of Motown's fe-the panelists by e-mail. The panelists Army, the vacancy was filled bymale artists, draping them in theresponded first to queries from the Bobby's cousin Claudette Rogerssexy elegance epitomized by groupslive audience, then stayed on after (later Claudette Robinson), whosesuch as the Supremes. the event to answer questions from vocal ability and sex appeal added Atkins recounted that "early on,cyberspace. to the group's cachet. As Mr. Rogersthe female groups like the Supremes, It was the third cybercast from the recounts, "Claudette definitely 'hadMarvelettes and the Vandellas didLibrary under a pilot agreement with the goods' and free rehearsalexactly the same choreography as thebroadcast.com. The first cybercast space in her basement." With the ad-men, and when you had a mixedwas Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky's dition of Smokey and Claudette, thegroup like the Miracles and GladysOct. 8 (see LC Information Bulletin, Miracles were born. Knight and the Pips, Claudette andNovember 1998) lecture opening the Paradoxically, the Miracles floppedGladys did their steps just like the1998-1999 literary series. The second in their first audition before Jackieguys. I changed that and had thewas a Nov. 4 "Books and Beyond" Wilson, a pioneer in the Detroitgirls do their steps slightly alteredprogram by the Center for the Book music scene whose record labels hadfrom those of the guys to make theirwith author William Styron and his already produced several hits. Thatmoves more feminine." biographer James L. West III (see LC encounter, however, attracted the The program was organized and Information Bulletin, December 1998). interest of Berry Gordy Jr., themoderated by Norman Middleton ofThe latter two programs are archived songwriter who had penned all ofthe Library's Music Division. As aand may still be accessed in both au- Wilson's hits. When asked who fur-youngster who workedinhisdio and video forms on the Library's nished their material, Mr. Rogersfamily's Bradenton, Fla., restaurantWeb site, www.loc.gov (click on and the rest told Gordy aboutand hoarded dimes to feed the juke-"Cybercasts from the Library"). The Smokey's notebook. Impressed,box, Mr. Middleton noticed that allMotown symposium was broadcast Gordy began an artistic collabora-his favorite songs came from thelive for a one-time presentation. tion with Robinson that laid theMotown Record Corp. Two things foundation for Motown and sus-stand out about all Motown music,Mr. Martin is an examiner in the tained a streak of successes thatsaid Mr. Middleton.First, every Copyright Office. would span two decades. song produced on the The "Motown Sound" was born inMotown label had a 1958 with the release of the Robin-distinctly recognizable son-Gordy hit "Got a Job." Under-sound. Second, the art- standing the roots of Motown's suc-ists tied into the social cess, Gordy never ceased combingfabric, voicing a hope- the Detroit neighborhoods in searchful, positive message of fresh talent. His ability to find andthat reflected the aspi- create music that young peoplerations of the civil wantedtoheargaverisetorights era. But that Motown's slogan, "The Sound ofmessage of hope Young America." carried the "Motown Rooted in the music of youth,Sound" beyondits Motown nevertheless owes much ofblack origins, as it es- its patented style to the work and in-tablished itself with fluence of an artist from an oldermainstream audiences, generation. Cholly Atkins served asand concerts by Mo- staff choreographer from 1965 untiltown groups saw the 1971. Already 52 when he joined theunprecedented spec- studio, Mr. Atkins was a jazz dancetacle of racially mixed artist, rhythm tap dancer and profes-fans joining each other sional showman who, through a longon the dance floor. career, had shared the stage with theMotown's movement Louis Armstrong Band and the Cabfrom musicofthe Calloway Revue. Mr. Atkins is cred-fringe to music of the ited with creating what he calledmasses was confirmedSmokey Robinson and the Miracles (clockwise "choreographed visualizations," thewith the first appear-from bottom left): Claudette Robinson, Bobby intricate and thematically coordi-ance of the SupremesRogers, Ronnie White, Smokey Robinson, nated pantomimes that came to de-on "The Ed SullivanMarvin Tarplin and Pete Moore.

JANUARY 1999 317 1.Y * 0 \51/

irtvi\v. The Voice of a Generation Library Acquires Edna St. Vincent Millay Collection

BY ALICE L. BIRNEY The Library of Congress has recently acquired an exten- SIGNATURE. non.* 4..1 gillintgai*OliMISMS1111Wft sive collection of manuscripts of inTA no* wntelon We* In Os Inner I.-4.N snow. =-4. '3'11\%11MA,M'...i, 4kAt5t poet Edna St. Vincent Millay , (1892-1950) that will add more C-. than 20,000 new items to its existing Millay materials housed in the Manuscript Division. The Iiiiiregirtmanorwtx 4..4.... new materials will be available k:1 fll'....,Cyll,.;Italw,ic4Nie'..,e1(1:"...,Ioff.Kom.1,., ',iogiii.5)::. RENEWALS. -P....0::iy1:44.4-,...1,://fr4.?".irynory 01.4,4yi.k-;,/,e,"(;,(i'://ii.t, kti. ....AT A.. for research as soon as they tE ae ...Au al *de CA(;?....;e_441;r71/:.4.741;,./11, 7/00:?0,/,/fr)/)/Prj*IWOe.:4.-i, mnin e'en Own* no on. man. Annwrion *Innis au. on* 1.. have been processed and pre- 1 :(:-.7.,..'(;6;X.L'k. ' ". Z...t1:1L.4e-'..tCis' pared for use. . (/ l'il../V;:09);13111Tret( XlVefii...;.:04.; ;I:01,71-;f4:4Viresa:eliie/f%Ifrie, 11//,,rillegratri/4.4/,';(?XiKerrIti.'itafilrivr ,,i ... . 7 "I have always admired Edna is.:24.9.1,41/40/10,f(fi'VAiWrIek;,4%,()?-44;Afihernir'Ff?.';'),- ' .-,', ''. St. Vincent Millay," said Dr. -"ni'lfr"44(iritfr-q71;11,4.21411.(i/fi4eir. "-t; ,r,' Billington. "I spent some time -=',..:,.;.;. ...,..- as a youngster with my family on the coast of Maine not farPassport of Edna St. from where she lived. She wasVincent Millay for her travels through 1923, /40 . well known to all of us there 6.7,YOr*Ittrtif *444*Alider.:_ as a legend in the area. So Iwith visas to such 1etiOttetriCRY44 WV,Virdi have always felt a kind of con-locations as Calcutta nection with Millay and herand Bombay, India; work, and I am very pleasedJava, Indonesia; Mar- that we have been able to ex-seilles, France; England; pand the Library's Millay hold-and the Netherlands; ings through the acquisition ofa handbill advertising this very significant collectiontwo Millay readings at of her manuscripts." the Plymouth Theater The Library will acquire thein New York City, ca. 236224 collection over a four-year pe- 1921 riod from the Edna St. Vincent Millay Society. In August, most ofcircle that included Edmund Wilson, the materials were transferred to theFloyd Dell, Max Eastman and Witter s'Aow4..tazawaw-a Library from Sotheby's in New York, Bynner, among others. In 1923, she where they had been stored for severalwas awarded the second annual years. In September, the literary Pulitzer Prize for poetry. Edna St. Vincent Mil lay executors and trustees added to the Millay and her sisters were raised Will Read From Her Own Vork Library's collection the relevant paperson the coast of Maine, where they remaining at Steepletop. overcame the limitations of their --Tra Edna St. Vincent Millay was wellfamily's poverty by pursuing creative at known to the American public during projects such as writing poems, songs The Plymouth Theatre the first half of this century. By 1920,and plays and listening to music. In 236 Vat 43th Strut, New York after the publication of Renascence and 1912, Millay gained her first public Other Poems, A Few Figs from Thistles recognition with the publication of her On Sunday, February 17th, a Half Past Eight and a one-act play, Aria da Capo, shelong poem "Renascence." Soon after, and became known as the voice of her gen- she attracted the attention of Caroline On Wednesday, February 20th, a That oa,a Taken or r Now on Sal r at lb Bar** me at koom 308. eration full of freshness and gaietyB. Dow, head of the YWCA Training IN Fmat Strra, N. Yore City (Eq. MID../) tempered by social rebellion. She gave School in New York, who helped raise 41.04 11.34 $1.01 $1.30 The following boob by Mia Millay an ma pablithai en a mu theatrical readings of her poems, many funds for her education at Vassar. aniform anion and may be Lad at all koktomt, or from tin pablisben, of which were published in popular H./..r, Brortm, 49 Eon 33d Soot. In 1923, Millay married Eugen THE HARP WEAVER THE LAMP AND THE BELL and Otba Poems ARIA DA CAPO and literary magazines. She was one of Boissevain, a Dutch importer, and A FEW FIGS FROM ITHSTLES CT, be p,AE,b,d M.A.) the first poets to recite her poetry andsoon after they purchased Steeple- la ober alarm, free. Amhara AA "Sad April'. and "Rmattma." fill a hall, according to her sister top, a farmstead in Austerlitz, N.Y. In Norma Millay Ellis. In Greenwich Vil- 1927, she joined the protest against 2)1g9e24a2)1t9WSCOIVAgrgitWal lage, Millay was part of an artistic the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti

318 12 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVAILABLE e

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and was arrested in Boston. (Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Leather-bound pocket diary started when Millay Vanzetti, members of an anarchist group, were executed in was 17 years old; pencil holograph of the Massachusetts in 1927 for murder. The case drew international unfinished original draft of "Renascence," ca. 1912. attention, as many believed they were arrested and convicted Millay's publication of "Renascence" in 1912 as a not on the evidence but because of their unpopular views.) student at Vassar gained her instant recognition. In the mid-'30s a nerve injury left Millay in constant pain and she sought relative seclusion with her husband at Steepletop. He died in 1949, Millay in 1950. Her published work includes six plays, 11 original volumes of poetry and fiction under the name of Nancy Boyd. Shortly after the poet's death, her sister Norma deposited much of the Millay manuscript collection with the Library I f.'/ . .4 ;)I a-,-4,;.:../., of Congress and gradually converted most of it to gift sta- : ,:)1, 6 7,,441(, tus in subsequent years. These 625 items include poetry and .!-', f.'X:,V, :.(%:,.:4. /7%:::,.c/ //.:1 '":f play holographs, typescripts and galleys, as well as unpub- , lished diary notebooks. The collection includes the original 1,://. .,1,,,,..... ,.' '4,-,,,,. manuscript of "Renascence," as well as versions of many of " .1.,,,,r(.! "4-4',1/,,,,,6:pai-R-6, her sonnets, among other materials much coveted by re- kj.,,,,,,,,..3,A, 2../,?,,,,,,...... / ..: :f. ,,,,..,,,.,, searchers. A number of the Millay diary-notebooks, includ- .. ,,,., ,,,,,,j,../.../.,,,, ing early drafts of poems and prose, as well as other materials left in deposit status at the death of Norma Ellis, are ;'"4;;:;.,..,..,,..,,,,,,,/4. covered by the 1998 acquisition. Norma Millay Ellis lived at Steepletop after her sister's death. She was an actress who, as a young woman, played the ,7 it'e/4-.-i 7//;;-,,./,,,L; - -,.', '-.--'0 I'7,,-'` rtf,/ lee1-7i lead in Millay's Aria da Capo and married its set designer, the j.,..,; , ,.%'. e'A't, . painter Charles Ellis. When Norma died in 1986, she left the LI / Millay papers still at Steepletop to the Edna St. Vincent Millay l_44:./1:':: /I; 'IV 11714:yee,4,4444.. -1,'-'4ii. ;I./ ;;-1,-.4-1( /;:;1-l-7-T14:1--4414(g Society, whose board of trustees had long wished to add this 44`tei4,":/ -64 %;'llt.1 /1"114'4,a.1444e.5, major lot to those papers already in the Library of Congress. 711411141;71M97* ./. . j- kV The new materials include the remainder of the unpub- "424/1r/.5Uti't '11);4 te1 -1190 l' d lished diaries and notebooks, other segments of the poetry k I :;/),, , " 7/

. f; > manuscripts already in the Library and original, unpub- '' e/ e ',;tvy;/- ..-c lished correspondence from such friends and associates as j. ,,,,.,'If /, ,.4.7."4' ,-Vi!-4,,,, ,,,:;,' ,-' , k.',. : ;?:}1.4 Witter Bynner, Louis Untermeyer, Sara Teasdale, Georgia I ',1-, O'Keeffe, Edmund Wilson, John Peale Bishop, Deems

JANUARY 1999 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 319 1 3 .0

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Typewritten title page fromAria da Capo.The manu- tune: St. Vincent." script of the antiwar allegory has corrections in Word. and music by TtuRA ST. V111CPT MILLAY, '17. Millay's hand which vary from the published version; a typescript page fromAria da Capo, °o-- l'---,i---.#57------A----- shown with Millay's handwritten scene notes; a 1. Thou great of - fend- ed God of loveandkind- ness, 2. Bright are the ban-ners on thetents oflaugh -ter; printed page of music composed by Millay in 1917 3. Dark were theways whereof our -solveswe sought Thee, 9. Since we are dust, how shallwe not be - tray Thee ? 5. "Lord, Lord! we cried of old, who now be - fore Thee, fIt4':--. Taylor, Edgar Lee Masters, Van Wyck Brooks, Maxwell 5 I t i r I I Anderson, Upton Sinclair and Vita Sackville-West. Also included are original materials of sociopolitical interest, -L such as the manuscript of a Millay essay on Sacco and el li _I s°#4 Vanzetti and her handwritten comments on a statement -s- r I 8 by the Committee for Cultural Freedom. We have de - nied, we have for -got - ten Theel Shunned is Thytem - ple,weedsare on the path-, The additions are extremely rich in Millay family An- guish, De-ris- ion, Doubt, De -sire and Mirth; Still blows a- bout theworldthe an-cient wind papers and correspondence of research and biographical Stride-en with prayer, ehak - en withpraise, are dumb; value. They also include Millay manuscripts and type- .0- g_____e_____/* ... -..,.**,..***: . g-5 F or: : scripts, such as drafts of her libretto The King's Henchmen, -="dr=7-11111111.. photographs, newspaper clippings and printed reviews, broadsides, original music, recordings and radio scripts, .11' I...m=1 .. financial records and first editions of her books. .4- ...... When the entire collection is arranged, an extensive With deaf - er sense en - dow, en - light - en uswith blind -sees, trove of primary materials will be available for research Yet if Thou leave us, Lord, what help isours there - aft - Cr ? Twist - ed,ob - scure, un -love - ly,Lord, the gifts we brought Thee, into Millay's work, the life of Millay and her circle, Nor yetfor lives un- tried and tear - less would we pray Thee: Fa - therac - cent our wor-ship when weleasta - dote Thee, women's history, musical adaptation and related sub- I , jects dealing with American cultural history during the el is_.. Z ii 5-- $ IP : Ler-j t" acg first half of the 20th century. r7....., Requests to study Millay primary materials at the Library have increased in recent years. On Dec. 1, the first

40 i=2 7.1=a42-1 . I annotated edition of Millay's poetry, which includes all the poems from her first three volumes, will be published Who, hay - ing ears and eyes,nor hear nor by Penguin Books in its Classics series. The introduction Be with us still,lightnot today Thy wrath! Teach us what ways havelight, whatgifts have worth. to this collection, Early Poems, consists of examples from Lord let us euf-fer that we may grow kind! And when we callTheenot, oh, hear and come! her letters as well as a critical discussion of her major subsi ...... __. jects and themes. A Millay revival is under way. -0- r---- -t- 1" i a r ... Ms. Birney is the manuscript historian in the Manuscript Division. 320 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 14 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN * o

The Future Shape of Europe Envoy Delivers Annual Vienna Lecture

BY PROSSER GIFFORD the euro will also have The Future Shape of Europe" waspositivepoliticalef- the subject of the third Vienna Lec- fects. Economic inte- ture at the Library, delivered Dec. 1 bygration will make more Friedrich Hoess. likely a discussion of Subtitled "The View from Vienna,"those aspects "where the lecture emphasized the positivewe need more subsi- aspects of the expansion of the Euro-diarity, meaning 'less pean Union and the implementationEurope,' and those ar- of a common currency, the euro. Heeas, such as the Com- advocated an inclusive Europe,mon Foreign and Secu- where "we shall move the zone ofrityPolicy[CFSP], stability and security into the centerwhere 'more Europe' is 4 of the continent." necessary." The lecture was organized by Mar- Mr. Hoess reported grit B. Krewson, then the Library'sthat "on Nov. 10, under German/Dutch area specialist. Mr.theAustrianPresi- Hoess retired from the Austrian For- dency of the EU, we eign Service in 1997, after havinghave started concrete served as Austrian ambassador tonegotiations for mem- Marshall El Cohen the United States from 1987 to 1993,bership of six applicant Retired Austrian Ambassador Friedrich Hoess and then ambassador to Germany.countries: the Czech spoke at the Library on Dec. 1. He is now special envoy of the Aus-Republic, Cyprus, Esto- trian Presidency of the Europeannia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia."and Slovakia." Austria also favors the Union, an appointment that ended inBy including Austria's Central Euro-development of strategic partnerships 1998, when Germany assumed thepean neighbors in an enlarged EU,with Russia and Ukraine, because, as rotating presidency. long-simmering ethnic hatreds mightMr. Hoess reminded the audience, In addition to being a powerful inte-be calmed, Mr. Hoess argued, pointing"Vienna is nearer the Ukrainian border grating force that will produce a com-out that "because of the requirementsthan to Tirol or Munich." mon market "ensuring full price and laid down for membership, ethnic ten- Mr. Hoess predicts that the new cost transparency," Mr. Hoess believes sions have been diffused in RomaniaEurope organizationally "will be more similar to the structures of the Holy Roman Empirewhich, after all, lasted for 1,000 yearsthan to the U.S. There will be partly sovereign entities, divided sovereignties with multiple loyalties and parallel iden- tities. We shall see a supranational union of nations from southern Italy to the Arctic." Turning finally to cultural issues, Mr. Hoess urged a focus on "our Euro- pean roots." "There is a unifying principle, there is a profound ambivalence running through our history: the Greek obsession with the individual and the Roman obsession with the state." He argued for "an alliance in the best European tradition ... [committed] to the principles of personality, solidarity and ... the implementation of human rights, and social and ecological responsibility." Marshall H. Cohen Director of Scholarly Programs Prosser Gifford, Mr. Hoess and AustrianMr. Gifford is director of the Office of Ambassador Helmut Tuerk attended the Vienna Lecture. Scholarly Programs.

JANUARY 1999 321 1 5 News from the Center for the Book Utah Center for the Book Approved

The Library of Con- Learning Innovations gress has approved a WESTWARD BOUND of Stoneham, Mass., proposal for a Utah rated the workshop Center for the Book 'extremely success- that will be affiliated ful.' We look forward with the Center for the to the next national Book in the Library of workshop in Port- Congress. It will be lo- land, Ore., in Septem- cated at the Salt Lake ber 1999." City Public Library,"Westward Bound" is a traveling exhibition sponsored by the For further informa- where Library Direc-University of Utah's Marriott Library. tion, contact Wendy tor Nancy Tessman Martin, Vermont Cen- will serve as interim coordinator. The Goose Asks "Why?" family science andter for the Book, 256 Haywood Road, purpose of the Utah Center for theliterature program. Funded through aChester, VT 05143, telephone (802) Book is "to celebrate, honor and pro-$1.5 million three-year grant from the875-2751, fax (802) 875-2790, e-mail: mote interest in books, reading, andNational Science Foundation, the [email protected]. the literary and book arts culture andgram combines children's literature Missouri Celebrates the Book. heritage of Utah and the West." and science to help parents of pre-"The Literary vs. the Commercial: "We're delighted to welcome Utahschool and primary-grade children useBooks and Bucks" was the theme of to our growing network of affiliatedthought-provokingpicturebooks,the Missouri Center for the Book's state centers," said John Y. Cole, direc-activities and discussion to learn basicSecond Celebration of the Book, held tor of the Center for the Book in thescience. LC Center for the Book director on April 3-4, 1998, on the campuses of Library of Congress. "Each state centerJohn Y. Cole is a member of theStephens College and the University of brings a new dimension to our workprogram's Advisory Panel. SevenMissouri in Columbia. Nearly 500 and helps us reach new audiences atstates (Kansas, Maryland, North Caro-book lovers convened for discussions the grassroots level." lina, Ohio, Oregon, Virginia and Wyo-of this theme by more than 30 panel- "Utah has a rich literary traditionming) are represented by their LC-ists, who examined every angle of the and especially a growing interest in theaffiliated state centers for the book. Theproblem, from book writing to pub- book arts as part of our book and cul-other state participants are California,lishing to marketing. Participants also tural heritage," said Ms. Tessman. "WePennsylvania, Rhode Island, Southenjoyed and profited from presenta- are eager to develop new partnershipsDakota and Texas. tions by featured authors Paul Nagel throughout Utah's entire community The institute's purposes included: (most recent book: John Quincy Adams: of the book." The advisory board forproviding materials and informationA Public Life, A Private Life) and Jane the new center includes representa-to program participants; presentingSmiley (The All-True Travels and Adven- tives from the Utah Humanities Coun-opportunities for participants to en-tures of Lidie Newton). Plans have cil, the Utah Arts Council, the Utahgage in hands-on science activities and begun for the Third Celebration of State Library and the University ofdiscussions of children's literature "tothe Book, to be held at the Stephens Utah's Marriott Library, as well asdevelop a commonunderstandingCollege campus in November 1999. writers, booksellers and publishers.and approach to pro- Initial plans include support of thegram implementa- Great Salt Lake Book Fair and develop-tion"; and providing ment of an annual statewide literarymodel activities and and book arts awards program. "engagements with For information about the Utahliterature" that ful- Center for the Book, contact Nancyfilled the goals of the Tessman, Director, Salt Lake City Pub- Mother Goose Asks lic Library, 209 E. 500 South, Salt Lake "Why?" program. City, UT 84111 or call (801) 524- 8200. "Wefeelgreat Vermont Launches Its Nationalabout the results of '-' Science Program. On Sept. 24-28, 1998,the workshop," said in Baltimore, in cooperation withWendy Martin of the Baltimore's Maryland Science Center,Vermont Center for the Vermont Center for the Bookthe Book. "The par- hosted a national training workshopticipants are moving for representatives from the 12 states,ahead at full speed The Wyoming Center for the Book team works plus the District of Columbia and theand the evaluationduring the Mother Goose Asks "Why?" science Virgin Islands, taking part in its Motherreport, prepared by training workshop. 322 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

The theme will be "the future of the book in an increasingly State Center Web Sites electronic society." The Missouri center has Alaska developed two Web sites to www.aonline.com/akcenter/ acquaint citizens with the Arizona richness and diversity of aspin.asu.edu/-azcb/ the state's literary scene. Colorado "Missouri Authors Direc- www.aclin.org/-ccftb/ tory (authors.missouri.org) is a searchable database that Florida contains information on more www.co.browardil.us/11106100.htm than 300 authors living and Idaho working in Missouri. "Mis- www.lili.org/icb/ souri Community ofthe Illinois Book" presents information www.sos.state.il.us/depts/library/ on Missouri publishers, book- Brad Rupert programs/icb.html stores, literary organizations, literaryAuthors Jane Smiley (above) and Kansas magazines, newspapers and libraries. Paul Nagel were featured at the Mis- www.tscpl.org/library/kcftb/kcftb.htm Further information is available insouri Center for the Book's Second Celebration of the Book in April. Louisiana Book Marks, a new biannual and illus- smt.state.lib.la.us/Dept/cftb/index.htm trated publication co- edited by Timothy J. Maryland Fox and Madeline r www.howa.lib.md.us/center.html Matson. The 12-page Michigan fall 1998 issue in- www.libofmich.lib.mi.us/libraries/ cludes author inter- services/micentforbook.html views, articles about Minnesota book discussion www.metronet.lib.mn.us/cfb/ groups, book selling Missouri in St. Louis, book mosl.sos.state.mo.us/libpub/mcb/ reviewing and elec- mcb.html tronic books, and New Mexico thorough coverage of www.stlib.state.nm.us/nmcb/ the Second Celebra- index.html tion of the Book. For North Dakota information contact Brad Rupert the Missouri center at P.O. Box 387,large-type books, audio books and the www.sendit.nodak.edu/ndsl/cftb/ Jefferson City, MO 65102-0387, tele-opportunity to relate personal family Ohio phone (573) 751-2680; or visit the experiences to literature. winslo.state.oh.us/services/ center's Web site. Kansas Sponsors Young Read- slocentr.html Maine Receives $400,000 Grant.ers' Conference. The Kansas Center Oklahoma The Maine Humanities Council re-for the Book's fifth Kansas Young www.state.ok.us/-odl/ocb/index.htm cently received a $400,000 four-yearReaders' Conference took place at Fort Oregon grant from the Stephen & Tabitha KingHays State University on Oct. 16 and www.osl.state.or.us/libdev/ Foundation to support the program of17, 1998. Thirty students in grades ocftbpurp.html the Maine Center for the Book, a divi-three to six met with seven writers and Texas sion of the council. "This generousillustrators of books for young people www.lib.ci.dallas.tx.us/tcbintro.htm grant helps expand delivery of our lit- Lois Ruby, Anna Riphahn, Jack eracy programming for people of all Gantos, Lisa Campbell Ernst, Christine Vermont ages," said council Executive DirectorSchneider, Cheryl Harness and Linda www.vermontbook.org/ Dorothy Schwartz. "It will enable us to Hubaleckto talk about how the au- Virginia reach more than 3,000 new familiesthors wrote their books and how they leo.vsla.edu/center/center.html and individuals each year." Mainegot their inspiration. Lois Ruby also Washington Center for the Book projects supported gave a writer's workshop for students www.spl.lib.wa.us/wacentbook/ by the grant include "Born to Read"in grades seven and eight. The confer- centbook.html and "Prescription to Read," early lit-ence co-sponsors included Fort Hays Wisconsin eracy programs for families withState University, McDonald's of Hays, www.wisc.edu/wisacad/programs/ young children; "New Books, Newthe High Plains Reading Council, thebook.html Readers," a book discussion programFriends of Kansas Libraries and the Wyoming for adults who are new or infrequentHays Rotary Club. For further infor- www.wsl.state.wy.us/s1pub/cenbook/ readers; and "Family Scrapbooks," amation, contact Germaine L. Taggert index.html program for the elderly that offers at: [email protected] or (785) 625-5707.

JANUARY 1999 323 BESTCOPYAVAILABLE 17 THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF PUBLIC AVE. S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN ISSN 0041-7904 addresstothisIf youthe publication abovewish label to address. andbe check removed return. If here change from isthe required mailing enter list for on and return this page Syracuse4-194)tIJEEric0220308 ClearinghouseCoordinatorCenter Univ for Sci & Tech NY 13244-4100 on Info/Tech 005 18 BEST COPY, AVAILABLE 19 5-'14 6tacey 3-io Isliof. Joan. Stacey ORYX C I.

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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

20 InformationThe LIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 2 February 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:A collage of images from events, exhibitions and happenings at the Library of Congress during fiscal 1998. Cover Story:The past year was marked by historical milestones as well as important achievements at the Library. 28 19Favorite Poem Grows:Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky's Favorite Poem, one of the Library's Bicentennial projects, is gaining momentum and national attention. 19 Russian Exchanges:The Library is exploring a "meta-exchange" pilot program with libraries in Russia. 21 Making Beautiful Music:The executive director of the Stradivari society lectured on the Library's world-renowned collection of stringed 22instruments by Stradivari and Guarneri. 22 Art of the Dance:A new offering in the Library's American Memory collection features more than 200 books relating to 400 years of the instruction of social or ballroom dance. 24 Mover and Shaker:A member of the LC staff has been sited as one of 20 promising professional librarians under 30 by American Libraries. 34

News from the Center for the Book 38

TheLibrary of Congress Information Bulletin(ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by 27the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov /loc/ Icib/ Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive theBulletinon an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LCInformation Bulletin,Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 34 JOHN H. SAYERS, Production

21 z

Favorite Poem Project Gains Momentum Tapes to Be Presented to the Library inApril 2000

BY JOHN Y. COLE 200th birthday and the beginning ofwas organized by Washington poet poet Laureate Robert Pinsky's Fav-National Poetry Month. A symposiumDavid Gewanter. orite Poem project, one of theon poetry and the American people, The Favorite Poem events in Boston, Library's Bicentennial commemora-one of the Library's Bicentennial sym-St. Louis and Los Angeles were cospon- tions, is gaining momentum and na-posia, will be part of the festivities. The sored by the Center for the Book. James tional attention. Academy of American Poets and theKelly of the W.E.B. Du Bois Library at In April 1998 the National Endow-Poetry Society of America will cospon-the University of Massachusetts at ment for the Arts awarded $500,000 tosor the symposium. Amherst represented the Center for the New England Foundation the Book at the Boston Public for the Arts to support produc- Library event on April 8, con- tion of the project's audio and"The project creates a record, at the cluding his remarks with lines visual recordings of Ameri- end of the millennium, of what we from one of his favorite po- cans reciting beloved poems ems, "Asphodel, That Greeny and speaking about the po- choose and what we do with our Flower," by William Carlos ems' meaning in their lives. voices and faces, when asked to Williams. Other readers in- This past summer, project staff cluded Bernard A. Margolis, at Boston University, aided by say aloud a poem that welove. president of the Boston Public the Center for the Book in the Library ("Cowboy Poultry Library of Congress and other It is a gift to the nation's future: an Gatherin" by Derrell Arnold), partners, mailed more than archive that may come to represent,Scott Fruhan, a 16-year old 8,000 "How to Hold a Favorite juniorat Roxbury Latin Poem Event" packets to librar- in a form both individual and School ("Dover Beach" by ies. In October, the project was public, the cultural consciousness Matthew Arnold) and el- featured in a pictorial essay in ementary school teacher Che Life magazine. Since April of the American public at the turn Hairston ("My People" by more than 100 Favorite Poem of the millennial century. If a Langston Hughes, recited in readings have been held in sign language and aloud). cities and towns across the thousand years from now anyone An unusual Favorite Poem country. The popularity of the should ask who Americans were, event took place on April 22, Favorite Poem idea led to 1998. One of the "Millennium extensions of project dead- this archive might help give Evenings" at the White House, lines: Favorite Poem events an answer.' 9 the program featured a 10- will continue through April Robert Pinsky minute film about the role of 30, 1999, and the deadline for the Poet Laureate, narrated by submissions was extended Dr. Billington; readings by Mr. through the end of 1998. Favorite Poem Events, 1998-1999 Pinsky and immediate past Poet Laure- This month Mr. Pinsky will begin The project was launched duringates Robert Hass (1995-1997) and Rita making selections of readers for theNational Poetry Month in April 1998Dove (1993-1995); and favorite poems recorded archives. The goal is to createwith favorite poem readings in five cit- presented by President Clinton 1,000 audio and up to 200 video re- ies. The first, at New York's Town Hall("Concord Hymn" by Ralph Waldo cordings for the Library of Congress'son April 1 and sponsored by the Acad-Emerson) and Mrs. Clinton ("The Mak- Archive of Recorded Poetry and Lit- emy of American Poets, included read-ers" by former Poet Laureate Howard erature. The tapes will be a "gift to theings by Ed Bradley, co-host of 60 Min-Nemerov). The evening was enhanced nation" in the Library's Bicentennialutes, former Rep. Geraldine Ferraro,by a display of manuscripts, first year. They will be presented to theand elementary, high school and adulteditions and other rare books from the Library on April 3-4, 2000, as part ofliteracy students. At the Library of Con- Library's collections. ceremonies marking both the Library'sgress on April 2, 25 people from all Poet Carl Phillips, the director of the walks of life presented poems, includ-Writing Program at Washington Uni- ing Sen. Thad Cochran (R-Miss), whoversity and a Library of Congress Correction: The article "The read from Robert Frost's "The RoadWitter Bynner Fellow in 1997-98, orga- Confessions of William Styron," Not Taken," real estate agent Julianized the favorite poem event in St. (December LC Information Bul- Pardoe ("I Wandered Lonely as a Louis on April 25. The Missouri Center letin, p. 294) incorrectly located Cloud" by William Wordsworth), a for the Book was a cosponsor. After in- King and Queen County, Va., on cabdriver, a police sergeant and severaltroductory remarks by Mr. Pinsky; Virginia's Eastern Shore. It is on students (see LC Information Bulletin, Prosser Gifford, the Library's director its Middle Peninsula. May 1998). The event, presented byof Scholarly Programs; and this writer, LC's Poetry and Literature program,the audience was treated to a varied

FEBRUARY 1999 19 22 BESTCOPY AVAILABLE ttr 0

Susan Dubs Doug Macomber Newly elected Speaker of the California State Assembly AntonioVillaraigosa joins Los Angeles Mayor Richard Riordan in reading poems by Shel Silverstein in Los Angeles;poet Carl Phillips with Center for the Book Director John Cole at a Favorite Poem event at theWhite House in April. program that included as readers: high school students Marti Palermo ("Richard POEMA Cory" by Edward Arlington Robinson) and Sara Ann Jones ("Lovesong" by Ted 414Q Hughes); St. Louis Magazine columnist Joe Pollack ("The King's Breakfast" by A.A. Milne), and St. Louis mayor Clarence Harmon ("Deferred" by Langston Hughes). The Los Angeles Favorite Poem event on April 26 was organized by poet and Univer- sity of Southern California professor Carol Muske, who also was an LC Witter Bynner Fellow in 1997-98. Held in cooperation with the Los Angeles Public Library as part of the 1998 Los Angeles Times Festival of Books on the UCLA campus, the event drew a standing-room-only audience of several hundred people. Former Poet Laureate Robert Hass 24, when he is organizing a reading in Susan Dubs and this writer presented opening remarks.Miami in cooperation with the Poems were presented in several languages Florida Center for the Book. Finally, at by 18 readers. They included: Los Angelesthe Library of Congress on April 7, Mayor Richard Riordan (two poems by Shel David Gewanter, this time as a Witter Silverstein), metal sculptor Tom Hellwarth Bynner Fellow for 1998-99, is organiz- ("How Things Work" by Gary Soto), the ing a second LC Favorite Poem event. mother of the event's organizer and poetry Earlier the same evening, the Center lover Elsie K. Muske, who recited without for the Book and one of its reading notes "Crossing the Bar" by Alfred Lordpromotion partners, the Children's Tennyson; actor Edward James Olmos (po- Book Council, in cooperation with the etry by Federico Garcia Lorca) and publisher District Lines Poetry Project, will and writer Victor Navasky ("Jenny Kissedlaunch Young People's Poetry Week Me" by Leigh Hunt). a new annual celebration of poetry The Center for the Book is cosponsoringfor children and young adults that four Favorite Poem events in the spring ofwill encourage more librarians and 1999. On March 16 at the Newbery Libraryeducators to include the reading and in Chicago, its program partners will be thewriting of poetry in their libraries and Poetry Society of America, Poetry Magazine classrooms. and the Illinois Center for the Book. Poet For more details on the Favorite Heather McHugh, a Witter Bynner FellowPoem project, visit the project's Web Susan Dubs for 1998-1999, is organizing a Favorite Poem site at www.favoritepoem.org. Actor Edward James Olmos event at the Seattle Public Library on March (above), event organizer Carol 17. The Washington Center for the Book is aMr. Cole has been director of the Muske and 11-year-old Kiyoshi sponsor. 1998-99 Witter Bynner Fellow Center for the Book since it was Houston at the Los Angeles Campbell McGrath's turn comes on March established in 1977. "Favorite Poem" event.

20 23 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN The Meta-Exchange Pilot Project A New Way to Organize Book Exchanges with Russia

BY MURRAY G. WALPOLE picture two imaginary trains travel- 1 ing across the vast expanse of Russia's steppes, one eastbound, the second heading west and that both these trains are transporting valuable cargo books at the behest of a Librarian of Congress. Then consider J that the westbound train began its jour- , . ney in central Siberia in 1907, while the books following the eastbound rails and nearing Siberia embarked on their route in 1997. Where might these two Russian loco- motives, one originating in Asia, the other Europe, cross paths? Ekaterin- burg, nestled in the southern Urals, is the answer; a place where east and west meet, and Russia's past, present and future are intertwined. In 1903, Librarian of Congress Herbert G. Putnam first explored acquiring anMeeting of staff of the Sverdlovsk Oblast Library. Marina Koptiaeva 80,000-volume library belonging to Sibe- head of the Innovations Department, stands beside the Library's rian merchant Gennadii VasilevichMichael Neubert. SOL Director Nadezhda Tsypina sits beside him. Yudin. In 1907, the books were shipped from Krasnoyarsk to Washington, where "we realized we were exploring a big, The Library has, of course, main- they formed the foundation of LC's Rus-retrospective exchange that would gotained exchange agreements with Rus- sian collections the greatest to bebeyond the major centers of Russia." sia for many years, even when there found outside Russia. Don Panzera, chief of the Exchange were no formal diplomatic relations Ninety-four years later, the currentand Gift (E&G) Division, began tobetween the two countries, such as in Librarian, Dr. Billington, followingwork with his staff. "We had to quickly 1917-1933. "During the Soviet period," meetings in Russia with Evgenydetermine," he recalls, "the staff, bookexplains Mr. Johnson, "their system Kuzmin, head of the Department ofsupply and financial resources thewas so centralized that exchange part- Libraries in the Russian Ministry ofproject would require." ners in Moscow and Leningrad could Culture, proposed a "new way to orga- E-mail flew across the Library as staff supply material from the provinces. nize book exchange" with Russia on aattempted to quantify and qualify theThere were only about 100 libraries in grand scale with the potential to in-proposed exchange. Eric A. Johnson, aall of the U.S.S.R. that were allowed to clude not only great numbers of books,senior exchange specialist in E&G, came exchange with the West." but also electronic data. up with a name befitting the scope of the Everything changed with the collapse On Jan. 14, 1997, the immediateendeavor on Jan. 16. "There's physics,"of the Soviet system, however. "In 1991, challenge to Russian specialists of thehe explains, "and there is metaphysics,we had 89 exchange partners in the en- Librarian's Office, the European, andwhich goes beyond and transcends the tire U.S.S.R.," Johnson continues. "To- the Exchange and Gift divisions, wasusual concepts of the subject. Likewise,day, we have 155 in Russia alone. With to assess what the Library wouldthere is standard Russian book ex-the political meltdown came a decen- expect to gain from and be able tochange, and this meta-exchange tralization of the Russian library system. offer to Russian libraries under such an shipping books by the container ratherThis means we have to aggressively arrangement. than in small boxes." seek partners in the smaller centers." The Librarian delegated Harold The proposal describing the Library's In March 1997, Dr. Billington, Mr. Van Leich, a senior reference specialist inposition on the meta-exchange stressedOudenaren and Irene Steckler, a special the European Division, to draw up aLC's desire to strengthen its existingassistant to Dr. Billington, met with Mr. proposal. John Van Oudenaren, chiefexchange partnerships and establishKuzmin here in Washington, reaching of the division, was appointed bynew ones. The Library would offerfurther agreement and understanding Winston Tabb, associate librarian forlending and reference materials, as of a large-scale exchange program. Library Services, to coordinate theavailable, in exchange for Russian Several important points concerning Library's effort to establish a new ex- monographs, newspapers, serials, peri- what LC could hope to receive from change structure with Russia. "At thatodicals and journals from the early 19th Russia were becoming more clear. initial stage," says Mr. Van Oudenaren,century to the present. continued on page 34 FEBRUARY 1999 21 24 ill

Dane Penland Dane Penland Three masters: violins by Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri; a quartet of Whittall Stradivari instruments: the Cassavetti viola, the Castelbarco cello, the Betts violin and the Ward violin (on its side). `Masters at the Beginning of the Art' Stradivari Society Director Lectures at Library

BY YVONNE FRENCHAND 17th and 18th century during thenames. Inside each violin is a label SUSAN MANUS classical period of violin making andbearing the name of the maker, the city The Library has a world-renowneddebated why they cannot be replicatedin which he worked and the year the collection of stringed instruments today. instrument was made. As was the cus- by Antonio Stradivari (1644-1737) and "We cannot replicate the art form.tom, Stradivari Latinized his name to Giuseppe Guarneri (1687-1745). ThoseAt the time, Antonio Stradivari and"Antonius Stradivarius" and Guarneri instruments and others were the sub-Giuseppe Guarneri were two of theLatinized his to "Joseph Guarnerius." ject of a lecture on Dec. 18 that pre-many early violin builders in Italy whoThe names people can read inside the ceded the Antonio Stradivari Anniver-shared the same craftsmanship andviolins are "Stradivarius" and "Guar- sary Concert in the Library's Coolidge materials, such as wood and varnish.nerius," but they are more correctly Auditorium. Stradivari in particular was experi-referred to as Stradivari and Guar- Executive Director of the Stradivari menting with the shape and size... ofneri. Giuseppe Guarneri is com- Society John Kang explained that thethe violin as he progressed throughmonly known as "del Gesu," which group is dedicated to advancing the four distinctive periods." in Latin means "of Jesus" since he careers of artists by joining patrons "The best works of Stradivari andincluded a reference to this on his and their acquisitions with violinists,Guarneri have never been surpassed.violin labels. violists and cellists. The society hasThey were masters at the beginning of The Library's violin collection (in- helped such esteemed artists as Joshuathe art," said Mr. Fushi, a violinist him-cluding violas and cellos) totals eight Bell, Gil Shaham, Sarah Chang, Maximself and a founding partner of Bein &instruments, which are considered to Vengerov and Vadim Repin. Fushi Rare Violins, the parent com-be some of the finest examples in exist- Geoffrey Fushi, president of the so-pany of the Stradivari Society. He hasence. Five of these are by Antonio ciety, spoke of the life and work of theplayed between 120 and 130 Stradi-Stradivari (1644-1737), and were ac- great masters, while Janice Martin per-varis and 60 Guarneris, he said. quired through a generous donation formed excerpts of several works on Stradivari and Guarneri often re- from Gertrude Clarke Whittall in 1935. the various instruments. ferred to themselves as Stradivarius orThese instruments are as follows: three Mr. Fushi described the characteris-Guarnerius. It was customary at theviolins (the "Betts," "Ward," and tics of the violins created in Italy in the time to Latinize formal writings and"Castelbarco"), a viola (the "Cassa-

22 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 25 z vetti") and a cello (the "Castelbarco"). The Library's collection also includes the "Kreisler" violin by Giuseppe Guarneri "del Gesu" (1698-1744), donated by the renowned violinist and composer Fritz Kreisler, along with his manuscripts and other memorabilia in 1952; a violin (the "Brookings") by Niccolo Amati (1596-1684), presented by Mrs. Robert Brookings of Washing- ton, D.C., in 1938; and a second Stradivari viola, the "Tuscan-Medici," on long-term loan since 1977 from Mrs. Cameron Baird of New York. Famous instruments often take on the name of a collector, a player or a physical characteristic. For example, the Library's "Betts" Stradivari is named after former owner Arthur Betts, an early 19th century London instrument dealer and player. The instrument was subsequently sold 14 times prior to Mrs.Whittall's ownership. The "Kreisler" Guarneri and the "Brookings" Amati are other examples of instruments named after former player-owners. Some other examples include the "Ruby" Stradivari, so- named for its red hues, and the "Dolphin," Stradivari's last violin, named for its shimmering back. The leading maker during the early 17th century was Niccolo Amati, who is generally thought to be one of Stradivari's teachers. The violins from this maker have a sweet, mellow sound. According to Mr. Fushi, Stradivari's early violins (from the 1660s-1690s) can be similarly characterized. However, in the 1690-1700 period, Stradivari lengthened the body and narrowed the width of his violins, rendering a more colorful, concentrated sound with more powerful projection. Stradivari's "golden period" instruments (1700-1720s) render a broader, richer sound, while those ofDetail of the Library's "Kreisler" Guarneri violin shows the crafts- the last period (1730s) produce amanship that went into the instrument when it was made in 1733 in darker, deeper voice "as happens to usCremona, Italy. when we age," observed Mr. Fushi. In general, the increasing technicalwithin the output of any one maker.the "Kreisler" Guarneri (1733) were demands placed on players of theThe differences often have more to dofrom the Library's collections. (The baroque era may have influencedwith the way the instruments respond"Kreisler" Guarneri can also be heard the development of more powerfulto the individual players than the ac-on-line, in many of the video clips sounding instruments. tual tonal result for the listener." Mr.from the Library's American Memory According to Robert Sheldon, cura-Sheldon said, "Many violinists whoWeb site "An American Ballroom tor of the musical instrument collec- have played on the Library's 'Kreisler'Companion" at memory.loc.gov/ tions at the Library, the many instru- Guarneri feel as if it plays itself." ammem/dihtml/dihome.html. ments of the Guarneri family "are Along with the evening's lecture, She also played two instruments considered by serious players to beMs. Martin demonstrated the sound from the Stradivari Society: a viola by rather different from those of theof five rare Italian instruments. OfGasparo da Salo (ca. 1590), and the Stradivarifamily, althoughtherethese, the "Brookings" Amati (1654),Stradivari violin presented to her by her would be numerous differences foundthe "Ward" Stradivari (1700) and continued on page 27

FEBRUARY 1999 23 26 .(O 0

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Theodore Must An illustration from The Dance of Society, "a critical analysis of all the standard quadrilles, round dances, 102 figures of le cotillon (`the german') &c., including dissertations upon time and its accentuation, carriage, style and other relative matter," by William De Garmo, 1875. An American Ballroom Companion Treasures Abound in American Memory Site

BY SUSAN MANUS sented by this Web site exists in thecate footwork, deemphasizing the As reported last month, the release of theelectronic version only. These danceupper body. Most Renaissance dance multimedia collection "An Americanbooks are housed among several dif-manuals are by French and Italian Ballroom Companion: Dance Instruc-ferent divisions in the Library; thedancing masters and include de- tion Manuals, ca. 1490-1920" is nowMusic Division, the Rare Book andtailed descriptions of the dances, as on-lineinthe Library's AmericanSpecial Collections Division and thewell as illustrations and musical Memory collections at www.loc.gov/. general collections. samples. Following is an overview of this interest- Vicky Risner, head of Acquisitions During the Baroque era, French ing site. and Processing in the Music Divi-dancing master Raoul Feuillet devel- sion, describes the featured books asoped a new notation system that An American Ballroom Compan-"a hidden treasure. No one knew wedocumented many of the dances 46 ion" features more than 200had so much of this kind of materialpopular at the French royal court. books relating to the instruction ofbefore, because it wasn't physicallyWith the advent of this new written social dance during the 400 yearstogether." standard, group dances (such as the that are represented in the collection. contredanse or country dance) were In addition to dance instruction, theThe Dance Manuals in the eventually spread to the American books cover related topics such asCollection Colonies. By the 19th century, there etiquette, dance history, anti-dance In Renaissance Europe, the studywere many volumes of dance in- treatises and notation. of social dance was the privilege ofstruction published in the United The newest feature of this site isonly the wealthiest citizens, who hadStates. These manuals represent the 75 video clips of the dances thataccess to this activity through themajority of the items in "An Ameri- defined each era. Some of theseroyal court or by private instruction.can Ballroom Companion." are from a performance in full cos-Due in part to the tight, bulky cloth- The early 19th century manuals in tume, and some are short "tutorial"ing worn at that time, dances of thethis collection show the emphasis on demonstrations. period (such as the galliard andgroup dances such as the quadrille. The complete collection repre-branle) mainly concentrated on intri-By the late 19th century, the popular

24 2 7LC INFORMATION BULLETIN t > 0

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Illustration from // ballarino by Fabritio Caroso da Sermoneta (1581); the cover of Beadle's Dime Ball-Room Companion and Guide to Dancing (1860), "comprising rules of etiquette, hints on private parties, toilettes for the ball-room, etc."; a photo from The Tango and the New Dances for Ballroom and Home by Maurice (Bales O'Donnell, 1914), with "steps described so plainly anyone can readily learn them." group dance was the German cotillion or simply"German," which often included party favors or props. One manual in the collection, by the dance teacher Allen Dodworth, lists 250 variations of the German (with figures titled "basket" or "serpent" and some requiring props such as "the frogs" or "the stormysea"). The waltz became the most popular of the 19th century "round dances," which also included the polka, galop, schottisch and others. Every instructional manual from the 19th centurycontains some discussion of the ubiquitous waltz.

"... a dancer should not attempt a step which he cannot perform with ease, because there can be no grace where there are contortions." Elements and Principles of the Art of Dancing J.H. Gourdoux-Daux, 1817

As in contemporary society, exercise was promoted in the early 19th century, as noted by James Cassidy in his book from 1810, A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Dancing: "A merely studious This pose illustrates the manner in which the Spanish time is emphasized by the dancers. The shoulders dip deeply, and the corresponding feet are extended and sedentary life is therefore equally prejudicial to the body and in a half curtesy. the mind."

FEBRUARY 1999 25 trof

reflected in this quote La contraddanza treatises, often in the form of religious 153 from Allen Dodworth'ssermons. Some of the most emotional Dancing and Its Rela-writings in the collection are found in tions to Education andbooks depicting the evils of dance, as Social Life, publishedin the 1892 publication From the Ball- in 1900; "The idea ofroom to Hell by one-time dancing mas- one holding the otherter Thomas Faulkner. Faulkner makes should not be toohis case for the dangers of the waltz strongly entertained.and boldly states, "To stop this great To dance together intide of sin we must begin at its source. sympathetic time andTo close the doors of the brothel, close motion ought to be thefirst the doors of the dancing school." dominantthought." Dodworth also offers a"The dress of a gentle man should Fig. 41. reason to start dance be such as not to excite any special training at an early age: observation, unless it be for neatness "With children, the ef- and propriety." fort to move gracefully The Art of Dancing produces a desire also Edward Ferrero, 1859 to be gracious in man- c!7 tie ner, and this is one of cS.4 the best influences of aEnhancement of American dancing-school." Memory Collections This site is unique for the Library's "The practice of the Web site due to the number of com- slower movements plete books offered and for the multi- refines and elevates media options available. Each of the A 0'2% A the taste." 200 books feature complete page im- Dancing and its ages that can be viewed via an elec- Relations to Education tronic "page turner," that is, the pages and Social Life Allen Dodworth, 1900 Vqg VO INI10111111111111111C:7111111.1.7111111111111/10/ AI 11110M4Arliaarll WA MAL 811111111111111 W 1111IMPKIr .11111111111111 MIA NIIIMerliv1:1111111111raa INNOVIVW10111111111111111M The turn of the VP A step-by-step dance diagram from Bain di iericentury saw the e balli d'oggi by P. Gavina (1922). advent of a distinctly American styleofmusic, Instructions on etiquette and deco-called "ragtime" and the emer- rum (such as table settings, etc.) weregence of a new, freer style of ball- added to many 19th century danceroom dance. These more indi- manuals, in response to the growingvidualistic dances included the trend toward more rules and regula-cakewalk and the turkey trot, as tions in polite society. William Greene'swell as the imported tango and 1889 "Terpsichorean Monitor" includes the maxixe. These dances are de- discourse on the many rules of the timescribed in the early 20th century governing good behavior, including manuals in the collection, includ- "When meeting a lady with whom you ing the well-illustrated Modern would like to converse, you should not Dancing (1914) by Vernon and stop her, but turn and accompany herIrene Castle, who were popular in the direction she may be going; notexhibition dancers of the time. forgetting, when taking your leave, to From a practical standpoint, the lift your hat." actual steps can be put to the test, as many of the manuals provide "In conversation at the table, be step-by-step instructions for spe- careful not to speak while eating a cific dances. In addition, volumes mouthful; it is indecorous in the throughout the entire time frame extreme." of the collection often contain The Lady's Guide to Perfect Gentility notation, floor patterns, elaborate Emily Thomwell, 1857 illustrations or photographs. An example of dance notation with This collection also contains amusic, from Reciiell de contredances The effect of 19th century modesty issignificant number of anti-danceby Raoul-Auger Feuillet (1706)

26 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 29 * 0

can be read consecutively, as in a book. Many of these books are also text converted in HTML, and also in SGML to enable extensive searching. The newest feature of "An American Ballroom Companion" is the addition of 75 video demonstrations of many of these historic dances, enabling users to compare directly the written texts with the movements themselves. These short videos all feature professional dancers, some in full costume from a re-creation of an 1897 ball held at the Library of Congress in 1997 for the centennial of the Jefferson Building. The other videos feature one or two dancers in close-up "tutorials" of specific steps from the Renaissance to ragtime eras. The site's most noteworthy feature is the extent to which these videos are linked; there is a complete listing in the Video Directory, as well as links in the relevant bibliographic records, book page images and background material. The video clips themselves are available in four different formats, a first for the American Memory site, in order to accommodate the wide variety of user equipment. According to the National Digital Library's Morgan Cundiff, team leader for this project: "This Web site provided several design challenges. Our project team developed a new way to navigate between the full text of the dance manuals and the digital images of the corresponding pages. We also were able to provide a very thorough system of links to the accompanying video clips that illustrate various dances and movements." The "Special Presentation" section of the site includes narrative material designed to assist users in assimilating the great amount of material in this collection. The first part is an overview of social dance history as it relates to the books in this collection. The second is a primer How to Use a Dance Manual, which provides an overview of the general importance of dance manuals and how to use a manual to learn a specific dance. This material was written by noted dance historian Elizabeth Aldrich, who served as special consultant for this project. The material is valuable to researchers, according to Ms. Aldrich, because "the collection contains a wide range of important primary dance materials, covering the development of social dance from the early Renaissance to the 1920s "The correct way to startand, second, this material is scarceexcept in a few urban research collections. the Castle walk" from ModernThe field of dance research will be enhanced by its availability." Dancing by Mr. and Mrs. VernonMs. Manus is a specialist in the National Digital Library Program. Castle (1914)

Stradivari alist and lecturer and recently founded continued from page 23 the chamber trio Aurora. She also works in other genres, including jazz, patron, Joseph Burstein, who re-notably with jazz legend Larry Willis. cently acquired it. Mr. Burstein is Following the lecture, the Juilliard allowing Ms. Martin to use the "SirString Quartet played three of the Bagshawe" Stradivari violin of 1708,Stradivari instruments donated to the an example of 'the golden period.'Library by Mrs. Whittall, plus the Mr. Burstein is the first Washingto- "Tuscan-Medici" viola, for the concert nian to be a member of the Stradivarifollowing the lecture. The perfor- Society and was recognized by Mr.mance included Mozart's Quartet in D Fushi at the lecture. minor, K. 421; Elliott Carter's Quartet Ms. Martin's impressive techniqueNo. 5; and Beethoven's Quartet in F enhanced this rare opportunity tomajor, Op. 59, No. 1. closely compare the distinctive sounds The concert marked the 261st of these instruments. She first playedanniversary of Stradivari's death in the same excerpt on all the instrumentsCremona on Dec. 18, 1737. Such an an- (the opening phrase of J.S. Bach's un-niversary concert has been played for accompanied Sonata in G minor), andmore than six decades by the Library's then she played a different, virtuosicresident string quartet, formerly the selection on each instrument. Budapest and now, the Juilliard. The Racine, Wis., native is a graduate of the Juilliard and Indiana schoolsMs. French is a public affairs specialist of music and has studied with Dorothy in the Public Affairs Office. Ms. Manus Niccolo Amati of Cremona, Italy, Delay, Yuval Yaron, Masao Kawasaki is a music specialist for the National made this violin, known as the and Glenn Dicterow. She is a solo recit- Digital Library Program. "Brookings," in 1654.

FEBRUARY 1999 27 r s r.% 30 cs

I ../1 01 -44 James D Scherhs Lorenzo Wright Donna Urschel In fiscal 1998, the Library reopened the historic Coolidge Auditiorium in October 1997 witha series of concerts, including a series by the Juilliard Quartet; Dr. Billington, FOLUSA President Heather Cameron, Librarian of Congress Emeritus Daniel Boorstin, FOLUSA Executive Director Sandy Dolnick and Center for the Book Director John Cole unveil a bronze plaque designating the Jefferson Buildingas a Literary Landmark in June; Director of Information Technology Services Herbert Becker, Deputy Librarian Donald Scott and Associate Librarian for Library Services Winston Tabb join ILS project Director Barbara Tillettto celebrate the award of a contract for the development of an Integrated Library System in May. The Year in Review 1998 Marks Anniversaries, Achievements at Library

By AUDREY FISCHER progress toward the goal of digitizinginitiatives such as "Local Legacies," a As the Library prepared for itsmillions of items by the Library's Bi-project to document cultural traditions Bicentennial celebration in thecentennial year as a gift to the nation.and events in each congressional year 2000, it marked many historicThe Library reduced its arrearage ofdistrict at the turn of the century. milestones during fiscal year 1998uncataloged materials by another (Oct. 1, 1997Sept. 30, 1998), including861,000 items, received a number ofMilestones several centenary celebrations: theimportant new acquisitions and During fiscal 1998, a number of opening of the Thomas Jeffersonimproved service to Congress and theLibrary offices, programs and facilities Building, the establishment of the Mu-nation through the use of technology. celebrated anniversaries. The Center sic Division and the placement of the for the Book, one of the Library's most Copyright Office in the Library of Con-Bicentennial visible education outreach programs, gress all of which occurred in 1897. The Library will be 200 years old incelebrated its 20th anniversary in Octo- Other highlights included increasedthe year 2000, making it the oldest fed-ber 1997. On Oct. 30, 1997, the Library physical security (collections, facilities,eral cultural institution in the nation.of Congress reopened its historic staff) and computer resources, includ-Planning for the Library's BicentennialCoolidge Auditorium with a season of ing work to ensure that the Library'scommemoration began with the ap-festivals honoring the centenary of the information systems will functionpointment of a steering committee ofMusic Division. The Library celebrated properly in the year 2000; the awardingsenior Library managers under the the centenary of the Thomas Jefferson of a contract for the development of anleadership of the Librarian of Congress, Building on Nov. 4, 1997 with a com- Integrated Library System; and majorthe establishment of the theme "Librar- memorative stamp cancellation, the ies, Creativity, Liberty" and the goal toopening of the exhibition "Book Palace inspire creativity in the century ahead coA7 by stimulating greater use of the Library cesp of Congress and libraries everywhere. BOOKS In June 1998, a Bicentennial program manager was appointed to coordinate GIVE US the effort. In October 1998, Congress ap- WINGS proved a commemorative coin to mark .000%011,.. the historic occasion in 2000, and a U.S. postage stamp was designed. Planning 4110111 began on a number of key Bicentennial

The Library made plans for its Bicentennial; the Center for the Book celebrated its 20th THE CENTER FOR THE BOOK anniversary. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

28 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 31 \ two.. 4' nnt5 of the American People" and the un- The Law Library veiling of a plaque honoring the keyanswered nearly 4,300 role that Vermont Rep. Justin S. Morrillin-person reference (1810-1898) played in obtaining therequests from con- original Library of Congress building.gressional users. Law On June 26,1998, the Jefferson Building Library research staff was designated a Literary Landmarkproduced 710 written by the Friends of Libraries U.S.A.reports for Congress, (FOLUSA), an affiliate of the Americanincluding compre- Library Association. On Dec. 10, 1997,hensive multinational the Copyright Office celebrated thestudies on issues such centenary of its establishment as aas human rights, separate office in the Library of Con-health care, crime and N. Byers gress, and the creation of a Register ofviolence, government and finance. The Library hosted educators for Copyrights position. The Copyright Office providedthe second year of its American For the first time in nearly 40 years,policy advice and technical assistance Memory Fellows Educators Insti- the American Library Association heldto Congress on important copyright-tute; Civilization magazine com- its annual meeting in Washington. In related issues. As a result, a number ofpleted its fourth year of publication. June, the Library welcomed partici-key pieces of legislation were enacted, pants to the weeklong conference with including the No Electronic Theft Act, ECSTATIC RELIGION IN MEMPHISALEXKATZ an array of Library-sponsored pro-the Digital Millennium Copyright Act grams, events, tours and learning op-and the Copyright term extension bill. portunities. A reception in the Great Hall marked the centennial of theImproved Service to Congress and EIVILIZATIO\ Library of Congress Subject HeadingsThe Nation Through Technology and the 25th anniversary of the The Library continued to improve its ART AND Library's oldest cooperative catalogingcataloging, copyright, research, man- MON program, CONSER (Cooperative agement and information delivery sys- IN NEW tems through the development and use Online Serials). HowNotto of technology. Specific achievements in Starve in 1999 VERBAL ABUSE Strategic Plan 1998 include: ON CAMPUS 7 Rules for Art The Library's 1997-2004 Strategic THOMAS. Since January 5, 1995, Criticises AMERICA'S LEGACY GOES DIGITAL How to Discover Plan identified the mission, priorities, THOMAS, a World Wide Web-based Great Art values and objectives to take theresource, has provided searching and The Debate Over Library into the 21st century. During access to legislative information and Public Sculpture fiscal 1998, the Library linked the plan's links to other legislative Internet re- objectives to the budget by definingsources. During fiscal year 1998, the core processes and developing an an-amount of legislative information in nual program performance-planningTHOMAS doubled through the addi-Oversight and the Senate Committee process. Planning efforts were re-tion of earlier files to provide continu-on Rules and Administration, in consul- warded with an unqualified "clean"ous coverage from the 101st to thetation with the House and Senate sub- audit opinion on the Library's 1997105th Congress for the Congressionalcommittees on legislative branch ap- Consolidated Financial Statements byRecord, the texts of legislation, andpropriations, the Library developed a KPMG Peat Marwick LLP. committee reports from the 103rd toplan for a single integrated Legislative 105th Congress. Searching features inInformation System (LIS) to serve Con- Legislative Support to Congress THOMAS were enhanced through agress. The Library updated the LIS plan Serving Congress is the Library'snew release of the search engine andand briefed congressional staff on highest priority. During the year, theaddition of date limits. At the requestscheduled development work for 1998. Congressional Research Service (CRS) of Congress, the Report of the Indepen-Since the initial delivery of the Library's delivered approximately 560,000 re-dent Counsel was mounted onportion of the LIS on Jan. 7, 1997, the search responses to members and com-THOMAS in mid-September, followedLibrary collaborated with House and mittees of Congress. CRS assisted Con-by two subsequent releases of testi- Senate staffs to determine the most use- gress in dealing with the full range of mony The average 9.3 million monthlyful new search features and new con- its domestic concerns, including bank- transaction volume for THOMAS moretent to add to the LIS. To ease the tran- ing and finance, campaign finance re-than doubled to 19 million for thesition from the House legacy system to form, clean air, congressional legal con-month of September. As of September the new system, the LIS was enhanced cerns, education and patient protection30,1998, more than 220 million transac-with more traditional and familiar legislation. In the international sphere,tions had been processed by THOMAS search features. Joint planning for data CRS assisted Congress on issues suchsince its inception in January 1995;exchange among the House, Senate and as defense policy and budget, foreignmore than half of these transactions oc-Library occurred throughout fiscal policy and regional issues and globalcurred in fiscal 1998. 1998, and decisions on compatible tech- financial crises and the international fi- Legislative Information System.nologies were made to ensure that in- nance system. Working with the Committee on Houseformation would flow smoothly from

FEBRUARY 1999 29 32 * 0

Hf all legislative branch agencies into the National Digital Library. Thethe world through the Map Collections LIS. The LIS was enhanced and moreNational Digital Library Programhome page, which now averages more links were added to House and Senatemade significant progress during fis-than 350,000 computer transactions information, increasing its prominencecal year 1998 toward the goal of mak-each month at lcweb2.loc.gov/ as the central point for locating legisla-ing a critical mass of Americana freely a mmem /gmdhtml/gmdhome.html /. tive information. accessible by the year 2000, the Electronic Briefing Books. Dur-Library's Bicentennial. At year's end,Technology Projects in ing fiscal 1998, CRS created three proto-more than 1.4 million Library of Con-Test Status type electronic briefing books on thegress digital files and 13,900 digital On May 15, 1998, the Library awar- CRS home page highlighting issues on files from other collaborating institu-ded a contract to the Endeavor Infor- the congressional agenda. These briefing tions were available on-line or in digi-mation Systems Inc. for its Voyager inbooks offer instant, comprehensive ac-tal archives at www.loc.gov /. Moretegrated software system. The new sys- cess to information, analysis, key docu-than 2 million additional digital filestem will improve automation support ments and historical perspectives on leg-from both the Library's collectionsfor bibliographic control and inventory islative issues before Congress dealingand other repositories were in variousmanagement activities at the Library with electric utilities, global climate con-stages of production as part of a na-through the use of a shared biblio- trol and tobacco. Interactive electronictional collaborative effort. graphic database that integrates all formats enable users to customize their During fiscal 1998,16 new multime-major Library Services functional areas on-line research. All briefing books in-dia historical collections were added(e.g., acquisitions, cataloging, serials clude common elements (such as CRSto the Library's World Wide Web site,management, circulation, inventory products and experts and links to relatedincluding two winning collectionscontrol and reference). issues and Web sites), but each is indi-from the Library of Congress Ameri- The Copyright Office Electronic Reg- vidually designed to present its subjecttech Competition. In the second year istration, Recordation and Deposit Sys- area most effectively. At year's end,of the three-year nationwide competi-tem (CORDS), a major new system for plans were under way to offer a broadertion, the program continued to pro-digital registration and deposit of copy- range of briefing books, and new pre-vide financial and tiainiCarSupport torighted works over the Internet, uses sentation formats were being explored. other archives anCrinstitutions in digi-the latest advances in networking and Internet Resources. The Librarytizing historically significant Ameri-computer technology. CORDS is being continued to provide Congress and thecan collections...A total pf,21,awarddeveloped by the Copyright Office in nation with a growing amount of infor-winners have: rideiVWSupport forcollaboration with national high-tech- mation through its Internet-based sys-their digitization effcifti since thenology research and development tems. Workstations with public accessprogram's inception. -.partners (the Advanced Research to the Internet were made available in The. National Digital Library Pro-Projects Agency and the Corporation many of the Library's reading rooms. gram continued to reach out to the edu-for National Research Initiatives). Dur- The Library's Internet-based systemscation community with enhancementsing fiscal 1998, the Copyright Office were continually cited for excellence into the Learning Page and Today in His-drafted a cooperative agreement with 1998 and were included.on many!'besttory, two popular on-line features. In its LJMI, A national producer of disserta- of" lists, including PC Magazine, eBlastsecond year, the Educators Institutetion microfilm. The agreement would and Encyclopedia Britannica's Internetbrought 50 educators from 18 states topermit electronic registration and de- Guide. Throughout the year, an aver-Washington to explore use of primaryposit of as many as 20,000 dissertations age of 60 million transactions were re-sources in education, to develop lessonper year. corded on the Library's public elec-plans that draw upon the Library's on- The Electronic Cataloging in Publi- tronic systems. In October 1998, theline collections and to share teachingcation (ECIP) project is enabling the Library recorded a record 83.1 millionideas on-line with other teachers. Library to obtain texts of forthcoming transactions from both internal and. Geographic Information Sys:,publications from publishers via the public systems, more than double the_tem. The Geography and MapPivisionInternet,-catalog them entirely in an fiscal 1997 monthly average. (G&M) worked closely with the Con-electronic environment and transmit Global Legal Information Net-gressional Research Seivice-and Con-the completed catalog records by elec- work (GLIN). GLIN is a cooperative in-gressional Relations Office to producetronic mail to the publisher for inclu- ternational network to which membercustomized maps -an-crgeograiihic in-sion on the copyright page of the nations contribute the full, authentic textformation for members. The divisionprinted book. Staff cataloged 1,038 of statutes and regulations on a databasealso worked with the National Digital titles last year, bringing the cumulative hosted by the Law Library of Congress. Library Program to digitize carto-total since the experiment's inception Twelve member countries are currentlygraphic materials for electronic access to more than 3,000. participating via the Internet. In March throughout the nation on the Internet. 1998, the Library put into production a Working closely with private sectorSecurity of Facilities, new release of GLIN with expandedpartners, G&M continued to expandStaff, Collections and search capabilities and enhanced secu-the collection of large-format imagesComputer Resources rity features. At the fifth annual GLINavailable through the Internet. A sec- During fiscal 1998, two of the project directors meeting in Septemberond major map collection, Railroad Library's congressional oversight com- 1998, the Library demonstrated a proto-Maps, was introduced on June 24,1998. mittees the House Oversight and type for the input of a new category ofBy the end of the fiscal year, 1,522 maps Senate Rules and Administrationap- legal information, legal writings. (4,971 images) were made available toproved the comprehensive Security 30 33 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BESTCO '' VALAI IE Plan that was completed at the end of fiscal 1997. The plan provides a framework for ,- thesecurityofthe Library's staff, visitors, facilities, collections and other assets. At year's end, the plan was being updated to reflect major physical security enhancements resulting from recent incidents and increased threats. The Library installed and activated new state-of-the-arrange- art magnetometers and increasedments con- Library acquisitions in 1998 included police coverage at many strategic loca- tinued to flourish. PCC mem- papers of composer Leonard Bernstein, tions, including public entrances andber institutions increased bypoet Edna St. Vincent Millay, choreo- exterior patrols. An additional $16.9100 during the year to agrapher Martha Graham and cartoonist million to enhance the security of Li-record high of 339 and oncePat Oliphant. brary staff, visitors and facilities wasagain contributed record- included in the omnibus year-endbreaking numbers of biblio- spending bill that President Clintongraphic records (57,926 in- signed into law on Oct. 21. These funds cluding 37,559 for mono- were part of a $106.8 million package to graphs and 20,367 for serials), improve the physical security of thename authorities (161,446), Capitol complex, including the Housesubject authorities (2,159) and Senate office buildings. and the Library's classifica- The Library continued to implementtions proposals (883), with a comprehensive computer securityadditional contributions of plan to safeguard its valuable elec- 9,233 series authorities. tronic resources, and a Year 2000 plan to ensure that its computer systems willSecondary Storage function properly at the turn of the cen- Linked to the Library's tury by testing, modifying or replacingarrearage reduction effort is systems as necessary. During fiscal year the development of a sec- 1998, the Library identified 99 mission- ondary storage site to house critical systems, 41 of which wereprocessed materials and to renovated, 16 validated and 15 imple-provide for growth of the mented. Work began to develop con-collection through the first tingency plans for mission-critical sys-part of the 21st century. During theImportant New Acquisitions tems. An automated tracking systemfiscal year, Congress authorized the Important new acquisitions came to was developed and initiated to trackArchitect of the Capitol (AOC) to ac-the Library through gift, exchange or and monitor progress. quire, on behalf of the Library, realpurchase; the copyright deposit sys- property and improvements in Cul-tem; or through other federal agencies. Arrearage Reduction peper, Va., for use as a National Audio- Notable acquisitions during fiscal 1998 The Library reduced the total un-Visual Conservation Center. The Li-included the Pamela Harriman collec- processed arrearage by 861,548 items brary and the AOC are working withtion of 500,000 items belonging to this while remaining current with new re-the Packard Foundation, the donor ofdiplomat and political figure; papers of ceipts. This represented a cumulativethe facility, to renovate and make theSupreme Court Justice Ruth Bader reduction of about 51.9 percent of the new center ready for full use. The mas-Ginsburg covering her career before amount on hand at the time of the ini- ter plan for the renovation and develop- appointment to the court; an addition tial arrearage census in September 1989ment of the site was completed on Sept. of 2,000 items to the papers of Supreme from 39.7 million to less than 19.130,1998, and approved by the Library'sCourt Justice William J. Brennan; the million. Processing of print materialsoversight committees in DecemberMartha Graham Archives, document- continued at very high levels, even as1998. The Library also continued toing the contribution of this pioneer in staffing levels continued to drop. In fis-work closely with the Architect of theAmerican dance; 32,000 papers of poet cal 1998, staff created cataloging records Capitol to ensure that the first storageEdna St. Vincent Millay; additions to for 274,890 volumes. Building on themodule at the Fort Meade, Md., cam-the records of the National Urban momentum generated during the pastpus will meet environmental specifica-League, the National Association for two years through the Program fortions and be ready for occupancy dur-the Advancement of Colored People Cooperative Cataloging, cooperative ing the middle of calendar year 2000. national office and the NAACP Wash-

FEBRUARY 1999 31 4/ C, 0 p

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Featured exhibitions at the Library included "The African American Odyssey," "Monstrous Craws and Character Flaws: Masterpieces of Cartoon and Caricature at the Library of Congress," "Religion and the Founding of the American Republic" and (opposite) "From Sea to Shining Sea: An American Sampler of Children's Books" and "Zion's Call: A Library of Congress Exhibition Marking Israel's Fiftieth Year." ington Bureau; additions to the Irvingunder the Copyright Restoration Pro-American Folklife Center Berlin Collection and the Leonardvision of the GATT Uruguay Round Signed into law by the President on Bernstein Archives; and 60 drawingsAgreements Act. Enacted on Jan. 1,Oct. 21, 1998, the Legislative Branch by political cartoonist Pat Oliphant. 1996, this legislation restored the copy- Appropriations Act of 1999 included a rights in a vast number of foreignprovision to authorize permanently the Preservation Improvements works previously in the public domainAmerican Folklife Center. At its annual The Library improved the preserva-in the United States. The office also pro- meeting in Memphis, Feb. 12-13, 1998, tion of its vast and diverse collectionscessed 1,518 GATT registrations andthe North American Folk Music and by (1) completing the mass deacidifica- 213 GATT Group registrations. Dance Alliance presented the center tion treatment of 80,000 additional vol- The Copyright Office concluded five with a lifetime Achievement Award, umes in American history using theCopyright Arbitration Royalty Panelsdesigned to honor members of the folk Bookkeeper limited-production con-proceedings, setting rates for: (1) thecommunity who have made lifelong tract; (2) increasing processing effi-satellite compulsory license, 17 U.S.C. contributions to sustaining and enrich- ciency through the elimination of119; (2) the mechanical license, 17ing the fields of folk music and dance. redundant keying of data by creatingU.S.C. 115; (3) the digital performance an interface between the binding auto-license, 17 U.S.C. 114; and (4) the non- Bringing Library Treasures mation system and the Library's biblio-commercial broadcasting license, 17 graphic database; (3) increasing pro- To the People U.S.C. 118. The fifth proceeding deter- The Library's collections were duction in binding (by 21 percent),mined the final distribution of the 1991 in-house repair (by 21 percent), and shared with hundreds of thousands of cable royalties among the claimants inAmericans through exhibitions, special boxing (by 30 percent) of Library mate- the music category. rials; (4) completing the specifications events and symposia, traveling exhibi- for an internal text-page label thatNational Library Service for tions and major publications. Two new eliminates keying errors through theThe Blind and Physically exhibitions were added to the Library's use of a Library of Congress CatalogingHandicapped Web site, bringing the total to 19 on-line Number barcode;(5)establishing The National Library Service for theexhibitions. The on-line version of guidelines to assess the condition ofBlind and Physically Handicapped"American Treasures of the Library of brittle books, reformatting only those(NLS) distributed more than 22 millionCongress" was periodically updated to books deemed "too brittle to serve" items to some 769,000 readers in 1998. reflect the rotation of artifacts in the and boxing those books consideredNLS made major advances in the de-permanent exhibition. Two new exhibit "brittle but serviceable." velopment of a digital talking-bookspaces opened during the year: the system, improved its nationwide ma-Swarm Gallery of Caricature and Car- Copyright Office chine-repair and recognition program toon and the Gershwin Room. Exhibi- The Copyright Office received nearly(in cooperation with the telephone Pio-tion highlights included "The African 645,000 claims and made 558,645 regis-neers of America, the Elfun Society andAmerican Odyssey" (displayed in all trations in 1998. During the year, the other repair volunteers), and enhancedthree Library buildings); "The Thomas Copyright Office processed 6,250 docu-the NLS/BPH Web site to include digi-Jefferson Building: 'Book Palace of the ments containing 23,140 restored titles tal files for full-text braille books. American People" (in honor of the

32 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 35 01)

Librarycollections("The African American Odyssey" and "Religion and the Founding of the American Repub- lic"); and the preparation for a third major exhibition: "Sigmund Freud: Conflict and Culture." Gifts also supported preparation for a major joint exhibition with the British Library scheduled to open in 1999, the National Film Registry Tour, the Center for the Book and many other Library activities. Twenty new gift and trust funds were established including the Bob Hope easinrosEnir Fund in support of the Bob Hope Gal- 1111141101.0 lery of American Entertainment; the OW* Edwin L. Cox American Legacy Fund (for acquisitions); the Harper-Inglis Memorial Trust Fund for Preservation; and other funds supporting conservation internships, the Adopt-a-Book program, Hebraic Section programs and state centers for the book. Of particular note is a $10 million building's centennial); "Monstrous The National Digital Library Pro- grant received from the David & Lucile Craws and Character Flaws" (thegram supported a Web broadcastingPackard Foundation, which the foun- Swann Gallery's inaugural exhibition),pilot program to explore the practical-dation used to purchase a facility in "Religion and the Founding of theity of a regular nightly Library cyber-Culpeper, Va., that will become the American Republic," which exploredcast during the Library's BicentennialLibrary of Congress National Audio- the role of religion in the founding ofyear. The first pilot cybercast was theVisual Conservation Center. For the the American Colonies, the shaping ofopening lecture by Poet Laureate Rob-National Digital Library Program, American life and politics and the ert Pinsky, of the 1998-99 poetry seasonmore than $13 million was received, formation of the American republic;on Oct. 8, 1998. bringing the total in pledges and gifts "Zion's Call: A Library of Congress The bimonthly Civilization maga-from the private sector to $44.7 million Exhibition Marking Israel's Fiftiethzine, which is published under a toward a goal of $45 million. Year"; and "The Birth of Czechoslova-licensing agreement with the Library, Through the planned giving pro- kia: October 1918," which commemo-completed its fourth year of publi-gram, the Library received proceeds rated the 80th anniversary of thecation with nearly 250,000 paidfrom a charitable remainder trust and founding of Czechoslovakia. subscribers who are also Library ofadditional gifts from Abraham and Copublishing arrangements withCongress Associates. Julienne Krasnoff totaling more than trade publishers included Eyes of the $1 million to be added to the James H. Nation: A Visual History of the UnitedRestoration and Renovation Billington Trust Fund, which supports States (Alfred A. Knopf), which won The Library continued to executespecial projects by Library curators; numerous awards and appeared onits multiyear plan to outfit and occupy$273,884 from the Marguerite Roll many "best of" lists; The Library ofthe remaining renovated spaces of theTrust to be added to the Marguerite Congress: The Art and Architecture ofThomas Jefferson and Adams build-Roll Local History and Genealogy the Thomas Jefferson Building (W.W. ings. Major milestones included relo-Trust Fund; a charitable remainder Norton & Co.); Oliphant's Anthem: Pat cating the Federal Library and Informa- trust of $50,000 from Edward and Joyce Oliphant at the Library of Congresstion Center Committee to newly reno-Miller to be added to a trust fund in (Andrews McMeel Publishing); andvated space in the John Adams Build-support of the General Collections; Remembering Slavery: African Americans ing; completing renovation of thefour bequests totaling $521,412 from Talk About Their Personal Experiences ofSwarm Gallery, the Gershwin Roomthe estates of Irving Jurow (for the sup- Slavery and Freedom (The New Press). and the Coolidge Auditorium; andport of concerts featuring the harpsi- The Visitor Services Office con-completion of the roof replacementchord), Carolyn Just (in support of ducted 2,732 tours for 60,465 visitorsproject by the end of calendar year 1998. chamber music performances and re- (including 532 tours for 10,022 congres- cordings), Marjorie Mills Dadian (in sional constituents) and arranged forGift and Trust Funds support of the Armenian collections), 655 professional appointments for During fiscal 1998, more than 1,100and Charles A. Jahant (in support of the 3,076 visiting dignitaries, professionalsprivate gifts to 90 different LibraryJahant Collection of photographs in the and students from 81 countries). Morefunds supported a variety of new andMusic Division). than 100 volunteers provided 21,589continuing programs, including the hours of service, conducted 1,811 toursNational Digital Library Program; the Human Resources Improvement and responded to inquiries fromJunior Fellows Program; the opening During fiscal 1998, the Library's In- 187,471 visitors. of two major exhibitions featuringternal University enhanced manage-

FEBRUARY 1999 33 36 ment and workforce knowledge and skills by coordinating more than 100 courses in 559 class sessions. Training Hoyniak Cited courses covered facilitative leadership, computer software and administrative In American management for first-line supervisors. In partnership with the Office of Schol- Libraries arly Programs, the Internal University established "Collections, Connections Barbara Hoyniak (left), a visual and Service," a series of lectures based materials cataloger in the Prints on the collections to enhance staff and Photographs Division, has been knowledge and awareness of the rich- selected for her leadership and en- ness and diversity of the Library's ergy as one of 20 promising under-30 holdings. IU also established the quar- professional librarians by American terly "Leadership Lecture Series," a fo- Libraries (October 1998), in the article rum for managers and staff to learn "Looking Ahead: 20 in their 20s: from top corporate, government and Young Professionals Talk about What leadership scholars about current, ef- r- It Means to Be a Librarian at the Turn fective leadership practices and tech- of the Century" niques. IU has formed professional Ms. Hoyniak was nominated in partnerships with other federal train- 1997 by her supervisor, Helena ing leaders to benchmark government Zinkham, and, during the interim, training and build a database of suc- American Libraries selected a cross cessful key training programs to de- section from the nominees, conducted interviews and wrote biographies velop strategic links and joint ventures of those selected. In her biography, Ms. Hoyniak, who catalogs a wide range to maximize return on scarce training of prints, drawings, posters and photographs in the Prints and Photographs resources. Division and is an expert in automation, described why she decided to pursue a master's in library science at the University of Maryland (which Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist she received in 1996), what she does at the Library and what she envisions in the Public Affairs Office. Portions of for public libraries in the next century. Her current position at the Library this article were excerpted from other supports the National Digital Library Program. staff reports.

Russia sending the books to a regional librarylyzed the status of LC's Russian ex- continued from page 21 center in the heart of Russia, for furtherchanges during her tenure here, but distribution to members of the regional"she also proved instrumental in select- Russian patrimony law generally barsnetwork by the main regional library."ing material Russian libraries would the export of pre-Revolutionary mate- Meanwhile, a collection of books hadfind both interesting and useful." rials. The possibility of microfilmingarrived in E&G, transferred from the Ms. Lecsheva based her selections on such works required greater investiga-closed Griffiss Air Force base in Newtwo criteria, the first being their physi- tion, due to the expense and the lack ofYork. "The Federal Transfer Program," cal condition. "I selected books that the needed equipment in the prov-Mr. Johnson explains, "encourages fed-were in good shape and could be inces. Attention now focused on localeral agencies to transfer unwantedshipped without damage or loss," she and regional publications, which hadmaterial to the Library. Anything they says. Aside from their travel-readiness, been largely unavailable to the Librarysend us that we do not add to our ownMs. Lecsheva explains that she had spe- in the past, as well as important serials,collections is available for exchange." cific subject matter in mind. "I wanted such as the provincial vedemosti (legal "All of us, from the Librarian onrecent reference materials encyclope- gazettes). Mr. Van Oudenaren explainsdown, appreciate the conversion ofdias and directories as well as works that another decision had been made'swords into ploughshares' aspect ofof American fiction, history and cul- by him and his LC colleagues. "We de-the book source for this meta-exchange ture." Such books, she notes, "are of in- cided that we were prepared to launchprogram being primarily closed U.S.terest to Russians, are not published a pilot project, a test case on a manage-military base libraries," says Mr. Vanwithin the country, and are expensive to able scale, in order to work out theOudenaren. "The present downsizingpurchase from abroad." logistics involved in anything of thisof our military is in no small part due to Mr. Johnson joined Ms. Lecsheva in complexity," he says. the end of the Cold War, so it seemsselecting books for the pilot project and On June 11, 1998, Ms. Steckler againquite appropriate that these books nowsays, "Russians are avid readers. For met with Mr. Kuzmin, this time inbe used to strengthen our relationshipmany years they had little access to Sudak, Crimea, Ukraine. Also attend-with the new Russia." American popular literature. Provin- ing this meeting was Mikhail Levner, "We were very fortunate that we hadcial libraries were not even permitted LC's bibliographic services representa-a Russian librarian, Galina Lecsheva,to collect it. That, of course, has all tive in Moscow. Ms. Steckler recalls that interning with us during that period,"changed. Russian librarians would pre- "the three of us worked out a model ofsaid Mr. Panzera. She not only ana- fer greater access to reference and busi-

34 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVAILABL E 37 X

ness works now, but they know their public craves fiction." Ms. Lecsheva once told Johnson a story that illustrates not only the lack of American literature in Soviet-era Russian libraries, but also the value of the Federal Transfer Program. "Before Galina became a librarian at Voronezh State University," Mr. Johnson recalls, "she was was a student there. One of her courses was on American literature. She soon discovered that a good portion of the university library's collection of English-language American literature came from former U.S. military base libraries, received on exchange from LC." There is another point to be made here, however, as Mr. Johnson is quick to explain. "The Griffiss AFB collection was typical of its kind," he says. "WeMichael Neubert with staff of theSverdlovsk Oblast Library and ended up selecting 3,728 titles from it for librarians from other libraries of theUrals region. the meta-exchange pilot project. Eighty percent of these were works of fiction, Mr. Van Oudenaren had formalized anbooks," he says. "The Library of Con- history and the arts. Reference worksagreement with them. gress, on the other hand, cannot, by law, we could choose from were few in num- "There is a natural convergence of in- donate books. So it was apparent that ber and badly outdated; computer terests between the Library and Sabre," this shipment would, in fact, be both an books, for example, are sought after inMr. Van Oudenaren explains. "Theyexchange [LC's titles] and a gift [Sabre's Russia, but virtually useless if they arehave books and container shipping ex-contribution], complete with separate more than two to three years old. Thepertise, but do not get involved in dis-packing slips and everything." Griffiss library was typical of the book tribution. We have books, but lack expe- Curiously enough, Herbert Putnam supply sources we presently have forrience shipping on this scale. We do,found himself in a similar situation in large-scale exchange offerings a little however, have a well-developed net- 1907. Stung by criticism from some that over 10 percent of which is useful onwork of contacts in Russia with whomhe was spending money on "books from exchange," Mr. Johnson concludes. we can work out regional distribution."a country no one is interested in, written Enter the Sabre Foundation, of The Sabre Foundation was estab-in a language no one can read," he de- Cambridge, Mass. In spring 1997,lished in 1986 by Josiah Lee Auspitz,scribed the acquisition of the huge Rus- Mr. Johnson had consulted withand its first shipment was to Poland. sian Yudin library on its arrival here as, Sabre's Rebecca Schneider on the costs Sabre receives books donated by more"more of a gift, really, than a purchase." and logistics of bulk book shipment tothan 200 American and European pub- At the very time a partnership was the Russian provinces. By September, lishers specializing in educational texts. worked out with Sabre to provide books Although Sabre's recipients began withto Russia on a split exchange and gift Eastern Europe and the former Sovietarrangement, the Exchange and Gift Di- Union, it has since spread its endeavorvision at LC was going out of business, to Africa and Asia. as was the Order Division. As part of a "The Library of Congress shipmentmajor reorganization of the Acquisitions is a good example of how we work inDirectorate, exchange, gift and purchase collaboration with other organizationsresponsibilities were merged into new to send books overseas," explains Johngeographically based divisions. Emery who, with Tania Vivitsky, was Mr. Panzera became Chief of the the Library's prime contact at Sabre.European & Latin-American (ELA) "Typically," he continues, "we supplyAcquisitions Division. Likewise, Eric most of the books, but we recently sentJohnson became a Baltic/Russian ac- (' English as-a-Second-Language materi-quisitions specialist in the new Central als to Ukraine using the partner's in-& Eastern European Acquisitions Sec- ventory. In the case of LC, it was moretion (CEEAS) of ELA. Simultaneously of a 50-50 split." Michael Neubert, a senior reference Mr. Van Oudenaren explains that anspecialist in the European Division, adjustment had to be made in the con-was setting up shop in Ekaterinburg, in N. Alicia Byers cept of the project to accommodate the the southern Urals region of Russia, Michael Neubert and Eric Johnsonrules of the joint suppliers and to allowwhere he planned on spending the aca- with some of the materialsas many books as possible to be sent.demic year teaching workshops in involved in the exchange "Sabre deals only in the donation oflibrarianship as an American Library

FEBRUARY 1999 35 33 Valentina Terek- hovich, head of the Department of Foreign Literature, with books that will be sent to other libraries in the region; Ms. Terekhovich and two of her staff.

Association Library Fellow. The photographs for this article werethe dollar, the equal of transporting Mr. Panzera summed up this con-taken by Mr. Neubert in Ekaterinburg.8,000 books in 1997. fluence of events by saying, "I think it's He then scanned them onto Web sites, Mr. Neubert continually stressed to a wonderful credit to our inventive andand they were downloaded at LC fromhis LC colleagues the need for docu- hard-working staff, especially Ericthe Internet. mentation, "the more detailed, the bet- Johnson and Mike Neubert, who man- One of the first things Mr. Neubertter," he advised them. He consulted aged to put together this very impor-and Mr. Johnson worked out was thewith U.S. consulate officials in Ekat- tant exchange while participating in anetwork of recipient libraries. Theerinburg, as well as the local customs major reorganization, in Eric's case, andbooks would be shipped to Ekater- officials, to ensure minimal delay in the moving to a challenging overseas post,inburg Oblast Library, which wouldshipment clearing customs. on Mike's part. The meta-exchangethen distribute them to four other Finally, on Feb. 4, 1998, Mr. Neubert e- pilot project would not have happenedoblast libraries: Perm, Cheliabinsk,mailed Johnson, "The meta container is without their commendable commit-Kurgan and Tiumen. Tiumen, in turn,indeed here!" And that is when his ment and problem solving skills." would transship material to twotroubleshooting skills became most im- In 1906-1907, Herbert Putnam couldsmaller libraries, in Khanty-Mansiiskportant. "There was a need to have a let- call on Alexis Sabine to investigate and,and Iamalo-Nenets. ter with a particular wording," Mr. eventually, negotiate the acquisition of According to Mr. Johnson, "TheNeubert recalls, "so I e-mailed the text to the Yudin Collection. Babine, born inbooks we had already selected at LC,Eric, and the official letter was faxed Russia, fluent in the language, anddivided evenly among the seven recipi-from LC to here by the next business thoroughly knowledgeable about theent libraries, would give each of themday." Mr. Neubert was now enjoying Russian book trade as well as the Rus-530 works of fiction, history and thehimself. "They found the letter a useful sian character, was an integral compo-arts. Sabre was providing 14 copies ofand acceptable addition to the pile of pa- nent to the plan Putnam implementedeach of its 450 titles, so that each recipi-pers they already had," he informed Mr. to obtain the collection for the Libraryent library would get two copies ofJohnson. On Feb. 18, 1998, Mr. Neubert of Congress. each Sabre book. So, in theory anyway,e-mails the good news that, "I have seen In 1997-1998, Michael Neubert be-each recipient library would receive atwith my own eyes the books." Now, the came the on-site facilitator in Russia.least 1,430 books." onus shifted to the staff of the Ekater- Having barely had a chance to settle in In November 1997, Mikhail Levner, inburg Oblast Library, who would have and describe his busy schedule to Mr.LC's Moscow bibliographic servicesto store, unpack, sort and distribute the Johnson, Mr. Neubert soon learned hisrepresentative, met with representa-books throughout the region. schedule was about to become much tives of the recipient libraries to explain "I really would like to give proper more hectic. Mr. Johnson casually in-the project to them, as well as what LCcredit to the oblast library staff who formed him that he might want to startexpected in return. worked hard on this project," Mr. thinking about preparing a landing site On Dec. 24, 1997, the books were onNeubert wrote. "Nadezhda Tsypina is for, say, 10,000 books expected to arrive their way to Port Elizabeth, N.J., where the director of the oblast library, as well in his neighborhood soon! they were laded onto Atlantic Linesas the head of the local Russian Library The Yudin purchase was conductedSea land vessel 254 destinationAssociation filial. She agreed to have over great distance by letter; by tele-Rotterdam then transferred to rail-her library take the leading role in this graph, when time was crucial to suc-way cars. In 1907, the Yudin library was project. Unfortunately, she fell ill, so cess. When documents needed to betransferredfrom Krasnoyarsktomuch of the work fell to her principal sent quickly, Mr. Neubert would sup-Hamburg by rail, then by ship acrossdeputy director, Liudmila Tugolukova. ply fax numbers for machines all overthe Atlantic to New York, and then byNadezhda Tsypina has, thankfully, Ekaterinburg, in the hope that at leastrail to Washington. The shipping costssince returned to work. The person one legible copy would get through. for 80,000 books in 1907 was, almost to who managed to free the books from

36 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 39 *0 kyi

customs was another deputy, Leonid cal readers of English." "Now, what the libraries of Russia Zolotukhin. I am still not clear on how The cities of Krasnoyarsk and Ekater- really want and need is reference mate- he did this; it seems almost miraculousinburg themselves bracket the politicsrials and, more specifically, reference to me. Finally, all the unpacking andand history of Russia's 20th century. works in CD-ROM format. When I sorting of the books was done by the When Yudin built his home and li-worked in LC's Congressional Re- six women of the Foreign Literaturebrary on the bank of the Enisei river,search Service, we undertook a special Department, led by their supervisor,Krasnoyarsk was a town of 26,000,project to help 13 former Soviet and Valentina Terekhovich. Now they get tomany of its inhabitants exiles of theEast European parliamentary libraries catalog it all!" czarist prison system. Today, it is a city obtain CD-ROMs. If we want to maxi- "I must add," Mr. Neubert continues,of over 600,000 and the capital of themize our assistance to Russian librar- "that the oblast library was quite gener- vast Krasnoyarsk Krai, or territory. On ies, we should provide them with CD- ous with the books it received. As wellMay 15, 1998, Aleksandr Lebed, hero of ROM towers, and build from that. We as distributing to all the other recipient Russia's war in Afghanistan and brokercould create American information libraries, they gave away their secondof an uneasy peace in Chechnya, won a centers in each oblast library in this copies of Sabre titles to various area li-run-off election for the governorship ofway, and open up cultural exchanges of braries, according to the subject matter."the krai, a stepping-stone, he is quick to people studying Russian and Ameri- The time had come at LC for the staffadmit, to his running for the presi- can issues." to evaluate the success of the pilot ship- dency of Russia in 2000 "As goes In 1907, Gennadii Vasilevich Yudin ment, and anticipate what the LibraryKrasnoyarsk, so shall go Russia,"wrote Herbert G. Putnam that his could expect to receive in return. vowed one of his campaign slogans. greatest hope in selling his collection to Ms. Steckler says, "I think this project Ekaterinburg is today the capital ofthe Library of Congress was, "To en- is another great example of the success-Sverdlovsk Oblast; two names which courage improved and strengthened ful team work of Russian specialistsevoke feelings of hope and despair.relations and understanding between here at LC." Ekaterinburg, founded by Peter theour two nations." Today, Dr. Billington By March 1998, Mr. Johnson is e-mail- Great, and named for his wife, is whereenvisions the same goal, with the meta- ing the recipient libraries, giving them Czar Nicholas II, his wife, family and at- exchange pilot project being a major further details on what LC is interestedtendants were brutally executed in Julystep in that direction. in receiving in exchange: local vedemosti 17, 1918, (after being moved from Tob- Further meta-exchanges are already legal gazettes, and serials and mono- olsk, where Yudin grew up). The decree well into the planning stage. The graphs devoted to the political, cultural, that dispatched the 300-year Romanovfront runner for the next shipment: economic and social life of the city and dynasty to its bloody end was signed byVladivostok. region, and eliciting feedback fromYakov Sverdlov, president of the All- them. He soon begins to see results. Russia Central Executive Committee.Mr. Walpole is a senior acquisitions On April 3, Mr. Neubert supplies hisFollowing Sverdlov's death in 1919,assistant in the European and Latin- colleagues with an update. Kurgan isEkaterinburg was renamed for him. InAmerican Acquisitions Division, the only recipient library that has yet to1992, the city shed this name, but theCentral and Eastern European pick up its books. The oblast library inoblast did not. July 17, 1998, 80 yearsAcquisitions Section. Ekaterinburg will supply LC with alater, the Romanovs were finally of- number of serials, among them, eco-ficially buried in St. Petersburg. logical and legal periodicals. "A num- The Library of Congress staff ber of interesting and rather expensiveinvolved in the Russian meta- books have been published locally," heexchange pilot project must at- reports, "and copies are being sent totempt to anticipate the future. Eric LC as part of the exchange." Johnson has given much thought Echoing Mr. Johnson, who hopes theto an exchange arrangement with meta-exchange will strengthen existingRussian libraries involving books, exchange partnerships, Mr. Neubertelectronics and people. says, "The increased sense of obligation "We have the Federal Transfer as a result of this exchange means thatProgram as our main book source the Russian libraries feel a greater duty for meta-exchanges at present," he to be responsive." says. "We sent no electronic mate- By April 20, Mr. Leich received andrial, and few reference works on made recommendations on an offer listthis initial shipment. We had Mike of monograph and serial titles fromNeubert on-site to anticipate and Cheliabinsk Oblast Library. Perm Oblastsolve problems this time. All three Library sends offer lists, and inquiresof these areas need to be further whether LC could assist in microfilming developed in future exchanges. retrospective titles on-site at their library. "Ideally," Mr. Johnson contin- Marina Kropotina, of the Perm Oblastues, "we would establish a net- Library, writes Johnson that "the bookswork of eight or nine distribution you sent increase our English-languagecenters in Russia, and each would Leonid Zolotukhin, deputy director for collections considerably. They afford usbe sent material every two years the Physical Plant, in front of the the opportunity to expand access to lo- four meta-shipments a year. Sverdlovsk Oblast Library

FEBRUARY 1999 37 40 r h

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Ace Hoffman Studios "Letters About Literature" coordinator Catherine Gourley at King's College, Pa., in the midst letters submitted by students for the 1999 contest. News from the Center for the Book 20,000 Enter `Letters About Literature' Contest

Dear Lurlene McDaniel: dents' letters never fail to impress the I just found out that my friend more than 100 judges from across the has leukemia. The lessons I've BOOKS country who select the top essays in learned from your books will be so their states. This year, 25 affiliated state useful now. You showed me what GIVE US centers for the book and approxi- to expect. I know now that there mately 20,000 students just like C.J. will be some people who won't un- WINGS participated in the program. derstand.... they will leave my "Teachers and librarians are the criti- friend out or treat her differently. cal link in this national essay contest," I won't let what happened to your said project coordinator Catherine character happen to my friend. Gourley. "They are the ones who help students make that important connec- Bare about real people and real tion between the people and events in Lplaces. That's what the author of 0 I I MI literature and their own lives, and to this letter, sixth-grade student "C.J." express that connection in creative, from Vermillion, S.D., discovered after controversial ways. reading Lurlene McDaniel's novel Six THE CENTER FOR THE BOOK "Books do indeed have wings. For Months to Live. C.J. wrote her letter to some students, the books they read the author after learning about the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS help them to rise above prejudice and Center for the Book's national essay discover pride in their cultural and contest "Letters About Literature." racial heritage. For others, the wings Sponsored in association with the (Level II) to write to an author livinghelp them cope with difficult sit- Weekly Reader Corp., Letters Aboutor dead describing how thatuations, like the illness of a friend. Literature invites students in grades 4 author's work changed the student'sStudents who come to this realization through 7 (Level I) and grades 8-12way of thinking. Each year the stu-are more likely to be lifelong readers."

38 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 41 4,.

Ms. Gourley, who is herself the au- Michigan. The Michigan center Washington. thor of nine books, many written forhelped underwrite the annual "Michi-With support from young adults, has managed the "Let-gan Author of the Year" award. In 1997theLilaWallace ters About Literature" project for theit facilitated the donation of a majorReader's Digest Fund, past seven years. The national winningcollection of literature by American the center has created essayists for both levels in this year's Indian authors to the Library of Michi- an "If All Seattlep contest will be announced in April asgan, its host institution. The collectionReadstheSame Washington part of National Library Week. Manywas donated to the library in the nameBook" project and is Center for the of the participating state centers for theof the Michigan Center for the Book bydeveloping a three- book will hold state awards ceremo-Irwin T. "Toby" Holtzman. With theyear program forBook at the nies shortly thereafter. For further in-Library of Michigan Foundation, thebuilding local audi- Seattle Public Library formation, contact Catherine Gourley, center is working with the Lapeerences for literature. P.O. Box 51, Bear Creek Village, PA County Library staff to develop aOther activities include "Letters 18602, telephone (717) 472-3489, e-mailtraveling exhibition that would featureAbout Literature," poetry and au- [email protected]. the work of Michigan children's bookthor readings, book discussion and Affiliations with Eight Stateauthor Marguerite deAngeli. book reviewing programs, a literary Centers Renewed. Center for the North Carolina. The center par-tour of Seattle and Living History Book Director John Y. Cole has an-ticipates in several national projects,presentations. nounced that renewal applicationsincluding "Letters About Literature," Wisconsin. from eight state centers (see below)Mother Goose Asks "Why?," the Ver-"Wisconsin Authors have been approved for the periodmont Center for the Book's family sci- Speak"sponsors 1999-2001. "Every three years, eachence and literature program andpresentationsby state center must apply for continu-"Choices for the 21st Century: Defin-Wisconsin authors ation of its affiliate status," Mr. Coleing Our Role in a Changing World,"inlibraries and said. "The proposal is accompanieda program funded by the Nationalother institutions WISCONSIN CENTER FOR by a summary of its activities duringEndowment for the Humanities. Itsthroughout the THE BOOK the past three years and a descriptionreading and discussion group projectsstate.The book of plans for the future. The process isinclude "Let's Talk About It," "PoetryWallace Stegner and the Continental useful for both the national centerSpoken Then and Now" and "ReadVision (Island Press, 1997) was a result and the state center, for it frequentlyand Respond" (formerly "Teens Talkof the center's 1996 symposium. leads to new administrative arrange- About Books"). A Wisconsin Authors Database is ments or projects that help revitalize being developed for the Web site of the a state's book and reading promotion center's sponsor, the Wisconsin Acad- activities." emy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. The first state centers, Florida OKLAHOMA Exhibitions are being planned that will feature rare books owned by Wiscon- (1984) and Illinois (1985) are still ac- `CENTER FOR THE BOOK tive. Currently 36 states have state- sin citizens and Wisconsin book artists. wide centers affiliated with the LC Oklahoma. The annual Center for the Book. Most of the state Oklahoma Book Awards is the centers are located in state libraries Oklahomacenter'spremier or in large public library systems. Se- event; the new "Authors in Li- lective highlights of the activities ofbraries" program sends Oklahoma the eight newly renewed state cen-Book Awards finalists to public librar- WYOMING ters and their reading promotionies for presentations. The Oklahoma partners are outlined below. center, one of two 1998 Boorstin State Center for the Kentucky. The annual Ken-Center Award winners, participates in Book tucky Book Fair, sponsored with the"Letters About Literature," supports Frankfort State Journal and several poetry and literacy projects of other or- Wyoming. The Wyoming center state agencies, is the center's majorganizations and is planning a databaseparticipates in the national "Letters project. The Kentucky center and theof Oklahoma authors, illustrators andAbout Literature" and Mother Goose Kentucky Humanities Council arepublishers. Asks "Why?" projects. With the Rotary partners in the traveling exhibition Oregon. The Oregon center ad-Club as a partner, it sponsored a three- "Journeys Through Literary Ken-ministers the Oregon Intellectualyear "Read To Me, Wyoming" read- tucky." With the Kentucky ArtsFreedom Clearinghouse. It also par- aloud program for young children. The Council and others, the center wasticipates in "Letters About Litera-center received a $10,000 grant from involved in the recent establishmentture," Mother Goose Asks "Why?,"the Jeld-Wan Foundation to sponsor of a Kentucky Poet Laureateship.the Oregon Partners in Literacy pro- "Young Readers on the Range," a Final plans have been made for a newgram, the annual Oregon Bookproject to acquire children's books for Kentucky Literary Map. The KentuckyAwards, family poetry workshopscounty libraries. The center is working Council of Teachers of English will beand, with the Oregon Folklife Pro-on a Wyoming Literary Guide/Map the cosponsor, and teachers and librar-gram, presents the "Traditional Artsand a Wyoming authors database. It ians throughout the state will deter-in the Oregon Country" program inwill begin producing a quarterly news- mine the map's content. libraries around the state. letter in January 1999.

FEBRUARY 1999 39 42 THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF AVE. PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FOR PRIVATEWASHINGTON, USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT No. DC G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN tothisIf youthe publication abovewish to address. be check removed If here change from isthe required mailing enter list for on ISSN 0041-7904 and return this page 0220308 .005 address label and return. Syracuse4-194CIJEEric Clearinghouse Coordinator Center Univ for Sci on & NY 13244-4100 Info/TechTech 43 Fr COPY AVAILABLE 4.4 I) 0C-e 4c

The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Hnfor

Vol. 58, No. 3

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Sound and Pictures from. the Edison Companies 45 TheInformation LIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 3 March 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Thomas A. Edison with phonograph in Edison Laboratory, West Orange, N.J., June 16, 1888. Cover Story:The Library's Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division contains many of the artifacts of the creative and entrepreneurial talents of Thomas Edison, the "Wizard of Menlo Park." 54 Digital Library Support:The AT&T Foundation has donated $3.5 million to the Library's National Digital Library Program to support, among other initiatives, the digitization of the collections of Alexander Graham Bell and Samuel F.B. Morse. 43 Carry on the Struggle:Scholar and activist Yvonne Scruggs- Leftwich delivered the keynote address for the Library's African American History Month. 45 46`Building the Beloved Community':Rep. John Lewis spoke at the Library on his time in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and '60s. 46 South Asian Bibliographer:The Library and Sage Publications begin their second year of collaboration. 47 The Lives of Great Americans:The Library hosted a reception for the publication of American National Biography, a 24-volume reference work from Oxford University Press. 48 A Visitation of Fellows:The seventh class of the Library of Congress-Soros Foundation Visiting Fellows arrived in Washington this month. 51 DC Institute:Catholic University of America will host the 25th annual Institute on Federal Library Resources in July. 51 Money Matters:Dr. Billington presented the Library's fiscal year 2000 budget to the House Subcommittee on Legislative Appropriations on Feb. 10. 52 57 Culture Clash:Author Uwe Timm discussed Germany's trials since reunification at the Library on Feb. 5. 58 News from the Center for the Book 62

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/loc/ lcib /. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 62 JOHN H. SAYERS, Production 46 r.

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Pat Fisher Pat Fisher Alexander Graham Bell's granddaughter Carol Grosvenor Myers presents AT&T Chairman Mike Armstrong with an inscribed photograph of Bell as Bell relative Gilbert M. Grosvenor, chairman of the National Geographic Society, looks on. Bell's great-grandson Edwin Grosvenor (right) shows his book on Bell to Leo Hindery, president of TCI, and Mr. Grosvenor's son, Alexander. AT&T Donates $3.5 Million to Library Foundation Supports National Digital Library Program

BY GUY LAMOLINARA The gift also allowed the Library "We are now one step closer to en- The virtual reality of the National in a project spearheaded by the Devel-suring that the 21st century becomes Digital Library (NDL) Program is opment Office to reach the NDLthe Knowledge Age and not just the bringing together giants of telecom-Program's goal of raising $45 millionInformation Age," the Librarian con- munications both past and present. in private money as part of a 3-to-1tinued in his remarks, delivered in the On Feb. 10, the AT&T Foundation do- match of Congress's $15 millionGreat Hall before about 400 guests, in- nated $3.5 million to the NDL Programpledge to the program. The $60 million cluding several members of Congress. to support continuation of this initiative will fund the program through 2000. He was followed by Speaker of the to bring rare and important materials to citizens everywhere. A portion of the grant, the largest corporate donation to the NDL Program, will provide for the digitization of the Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) and Samuel F.B. Morse (1791-1872) collections. "The unflagging support of the U.S. Congress, the greatest supporter of libraries in the history of the world, and the private sector, led by AT&T, are bringing the Library's prized collections of Bell and Morse to people everywhere," said Dr. Billington during a reception later that day.

Correction: The Executive Direc- tor of the Stradivari Society was misidentified in the article "Masters at the Beginning of the Art" (LC Information Bulletin, Feb- ruary 1999, p. 22). The correct Pat Fisher name is Jane Kang. Dr. Billington introduces Commerce Secretary William M. Daley to Deputy Librarian Donald Scott.

MARCH 1999 43 a0

-tv*.

HouseJ. Dennis Hastert (R-Ill.), who spoke about "the splendorofthis building. But what we often do not see is the splendor of what is contained. What a wonderful opportunity for students and teachers to plug into the National Digital A '1 Library" Web site w and see some of the important materials contained and preserved by LC. Such lofty remarks Pat Fisher Pat Fisher were the order of the evening, as Senate Minority Leader Tom Daschle (D- S.D.) spoke of how "someone once described libraries as a diary of the human race. There is no more complete diary than the Library of Congress. The Library's collections are an invaluable treasure not only to Congress but to America and the world." The senator also commented on how important the NDL Program is to citizens of rural areas such as his home state of South Dakota. "I can think of no better birthday present than the NDL as the Library prepares to celebrate its bicentennial in 2000," he added. Another senator, Robert F. Bennett (R-Utah), chairman of the Legisla- tive Branch Appropriations Subcommittee, said, "I always get a thrill when I enter this building. I am delighted Congress had the foresight to , restore the Thomas Jefferson Building." Sen. Bennett acknowledged Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) and former Sen. Mark Hatfield (R-Ore.) for their support of the renovation project, which was completed in 1997. Pat Fisher From the President's Cabinet was Commerce Secretary William M.Senate Minority Leader Tom Daschle Daley, who spoke of the exponential growth of American creativity. The(D-S.D.) (top left), Speaker of the House number of patents applied for has surged since the time of Bell. "As many J. Dennis Hastert (R -lll.) and TCI Presi- patents are issued in a year [16 million] as were issued in the first 90 years dent Leo Hindery praised the donation of America." because it will allow students, teachers Leo Hindery, president of Tele-Communications Inc., which plans on and others to access the Library's Bell merging with AT&T, told of his experiences in a teaching program in and Morse collections. Harlem and how the NDL Program "evens the playing field" by allowing all students to access select Library col- "1.) lections. - 1.` AT&T Chairman Mike Armstrong -r concluded the guest speakers' program by noting that his company is "so proud to be a part of this project." Bob Zich, director of electronic programs, and Jeff Bridgers of the NDL Program then provided a "tour" of the American Memory Web site, including the Alexander Graham Bell collection, which already has 1,400 items available on-line. Also on hand were Manu- scriptDivision curators Leonard Bruno and Marvin Kranz, who offered interpretations of selected Bell and Morse materials that were on display for guests. Pat Fisher Science Manuscript Historian Leonard Bruno points out one of Bell's An overview of the Bell and Morse scientific notebooks to Bell granddaughter Mrs. Myers, who collections will be published in a commented, "Oh, there's Pappy's handwriting." Her sister-in-law, Mrs. future issue. Melville Bell Grosvenor, joined them. 44 48 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN To Save the Dream for All Yvonne Scruggs-Leftwich Delivers Keynote

BY YVONNE FRENCH AND The next affirmative action GAIL FINEBERG debates will occur during the Yvonne Scruggs-Leftwich, 21st century and the battle- during her African Amer- fieldshaveshiftedfrom ican History Month keynote Capitol Hill to the states, she address on Feb. 9, delivered a said, specifically to Michigan, compelling call to some 200 Colorado, Nebraska, Arizona, Library employees to carry on New York, North Carolina, the struggle for affirmativektt New Jersey and Indiana. action into the 21st century. Other efforts will include Introduced in the Mum- promoting massive voter par- ford Room by Deputy Li- ticipation and ensuring that brarian Donald L. Scott as all are counted in the 2000 "scholar, policy analyst, com- census. The effects of the cen- munity activist and spokes- sus redistricting, reappor- person for creative black tionment and resources distri- leadership and urban poli- bution are critical. "These tics," Ms. Scruggs-Leftwich are all agenda items of great repeated and alluded often to importance," she said. these verses "There's a "I always have emphasized dream out in the land /With that the blood, sweat and its back against the wall; /To tears of our slave ancestors save the dream for one, /It soakedtheearthwith must be saved for all." richness and fertilized the Ms. Scruggs-Leftwich, the economy to make America executive director and chief the great nation that it is to- operating officer of the Black day," she said. "But I do not Leadership Forum Inc., said believe that this knowledge of affirmative action has lost Yvonne Scruggs-Leftwich our uncompensated labor ground in recent years. "I do and hard-scrabble sacrifices not want the legacy of my for our country are yet widely fore-parents' contribution to this coun- Through their contributions andenough appreciated to eliminate the try to be erased. ... The blood, thepoints of view, African Americans andneed for Black History Month." sweat and the tears ... were the ulti-other minorities serving the nation's As executive director of the Black mate price which we paid for our in-institutions "do matter in the assaultLeadership Forum, a 20-year-old con- alienable rights as fully credentialedon racism," she said. federation of the top national civil Americans," she said in her speech She said President Clinton's Racerights and service organizations, Ms. titled "The Legacy of African Ameri-Initiative and Advisory Board of RaceScruggs-Leftwich facilitates discussion can Leadership for the Present and thewere too short-lived. "The president'samong African American leaders. A Future." Race Initiative is now a report. It is noprofessorin George Washington "I want our mutual American andlonger a process. America is the poorerUniversity's Graduate School of Politi- African American efforts to compre-for that." Ms. Scruggs-Leftwich saidcal Management, she has served as hend this legacy to be substantivethat while the debates went on, theydeputy mayor of Philadelphia, a New enough that finally, finally, blacks will "established a new high for the exami-York state housing commissioner and no longer need to punish whites fornation of the thorny, uniquely Ameri-as deputy assistant director of the U.S. slavery and whites will no longer con-can dilemma of the color line." Department of Housing and Urban tinue to punish blacks for slavery." Noting that affirmative action lostDevelopment. She has written exten- Ms. Scruggs-Leftwich noted the ar-ground with Proposition 209 in Cali-sively on urban policy. She received a rival of almost 800 African Americansfornia and Washington State's Initia-Ph.D. from the University of Pennsyl- in significant positions of authority in tive 200, she said: "We must monitorvania and was a Fulbright Fellow in the federal government since 1992.events in California and WashingtonGermany in 1955-56. Calling this a "seismic accomplish- so that the American people can really ment," she said the federal govern-see the devastating impact which 209Ms. French is a public affairs specialist ment "has really begun to look like ourand 200 are having on diversity in colin the Public Affairs Office. Ms. communities across the land, to lookleges, universities and in the work-Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, like America." place." the Library's staff newspaper.

MARCH 1999 45 49 Recounting the Civil Rights Movement Rep. John Lewis Remembers the Struggle

BY AUDREY FISCHER mal meeting with the In a powerful and Rev. Martin Luther moving lecture King Jr., Mr. Lewis held at the Library sought admission to on Feb. 2, Rep. John Troy State University Lewis (D-Ga.)rein 1957. When his ap- counted his coming plication received no ofageinrural response, he enrolled Alabama andthe instead at the Ameri- civilrights move- can Baptist Theologi- mentduringthe cal Seminary in 1950s and '60s. Nashville, but wrote A key figure in a letter to King about the movement, Rep. his plight. King sent Lewis has chronicled him a round-trip his experiences in the ticket to Montgom- book Walking with the fr ery, Ala., so that he Wind: A Memoir of the could meet "the boy Movement (cowritten from Troy who wants with Michael D'Orso to desegregate Troy andpublished by State." This was the Simon & Schuster). beginning oftheir The AmericanLi- personal and profes- brary Association re- sionalrelationship centlynamedthe that would be cut book "the best adult short by King's assas- nonfictiontitleof sination in 1968. 1998." Mr. Lewis re- "I am so pleased to mained at the theo- be here in this historic, logical seminary beautiful place that where he played a holds so much infor- Glen Krankowsle mation and knowl- Rep. John Lewis (D-Ga.) tells of a childhood edge," said Rep. Lewis. experience that gave him the title for his civil "If anyone would have rights memoir Walking with the Wind. told me when I was growing up that I would one day be But he also felt a higher calling, speaking at the Library of Congressand he would preach the gospel as an author, I would have said heto the flock. "Some bowed their was out of his mind." heads, some shook their heads, This presentation was sponsoredbut I don't believe any of those by the Humanities and Social Sci-chickens ever said 'Amen.' But ences Division and the Center forthey were better listeners than the Book as part of the center'ssome of my colleagues in Con- "Books & Beyond" Series and thegress, and they were certainly Library's celebrationof Africanmore productive," joked Rep. American History Month. Lewis. Born the son of a sharecropper in When he was 10, he tried to get Troy, Ala., about 50 miles from Mont-a library card from the local Pike gomery, John Lewis spent his boy-County Public Library, but was re- hood days caring for the chickensfused because of his race. He knew on 110 acres of land his grandfatherhe would be refused, but decided purchased with $300. "I believedto apply anyway. This was the first that was my calling, my mission,formal protest action of his life, my sacred obligation," said Rep.and not the last. Lewis. In a move that led to his first for-

46 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 50 "S?,

.. 1..- leadership role in the Nashville movementa student-led effort based on the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi that successfully desegregated the city through nonviolent means and became a model for the civil rights movement of the 1960s. In 1961 he led the Freedom Rides to challenge segregation at interstate bus terminals. In 1963 he became chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which he helped form, and, at 23, was the youngest person to speak publicly at the historic Aug. 28, 1963, march on Washington for jobs and freedom. As Mr. Lewis traveled through the South, he became increasingly aware of the obstacles that made it impossible for blacks to register to vote. Unfair literacy tests posed such unanswerable questions as "How many bubbles are there in a bar of soap?" "I doubt any one here at the Library of Congress can answer that one," he said. While only a small percentage of blacks in the South were registered to vote, he said, "White voter registration was more than 100 percent." Mr. Lewis applied a popular political slogan of the time "one man, one vote" to the grassroots movement for a voting rights act, which, after much bloodshed, President Lyndon Johnson signed into law on Aug. 6, 1965. Mr. Lewis suffered a fractured skull at the hands of Alabama state troopers during the March 7, 1965, march from Selma, Ala., to Montgomery that would be known as "Bloody Sunday." "When the American people saw what happened on that day, they reacted with righteous indignation," he recalled. With the passage of the Voting Rights Act, "we witnessed a nonviolent revolution of ideas and values." Through it all, Mr. Lewis never lost his belief in "building the beloved community" an all-inclusive community in which Jim Higgins no one is left out. The seeds of this idea were sown when John Rep. Lewis signs a copy of his book for Library Lewis, as a young boy, was caught in his aunt's tin-roof house Chief of Staff Jo Ann Jenkins. His talk during in rural Alabama during a severe thunderstorm. His AuntAfrican American History month drew a Seneva told the children to hold hands and walk toward the standing-room-only crowd. corner of the house that was rising off of its foundations. The family literally "walked with the wind" to secure the house. "We have come a distance, and made progress," "So are we trying to hold the American house together," said he said. "Walking with the Wind is not just my story, Rep. Lewis. "The wind may blow, the lights may flash and the but it is the story of all the men and women who thunder may roll, but we must never leave the house. We all put their bodies on the line during a difficult pe- came on different ships, but we're all in the same boat." riod in our nation's history." On July 5, 1998, Lewis returned to the Pike County Public Library for a book signing. He was finally given a library card Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in the Public nearly 50 years after he was first refused. Affairs Office. Indexing South Asia Sage and Library Begin Second Year of Collaboration Cage Publications is about to beginunique resource is the only printedselections from various sources in L., its second year of publishing Thebibliography of current books de-the different languages of the region, South Asian Bibliographer (ISSN 0971-voted entirely to publications frommaking it a benefit to research insti- 9695), in collaboration with thethe countries of South Asia Af-tutions and libraries interested in Library's New Delhi Office. This jour-ghanistan,Bangladesh,Bhutan,South Asia. nal continues the earlier Accessions List:Burma, India, Maldives, Nepal, Paki- The subscription price for one year is South Asia, which was published fromstan and Sri Lanka and includes$245. Single copies of the journal are 1962 to 1996 by the Library of Congress. Tibetan-language publications is-available at $43 each. Orders can be The South Asian Bibliographer issued in India, China, Bhutan and placed by e-mail at: [email protected], published bimonthly and an annualNepal. The bibliography coversor by fax (805) 499-0871, or phone index is published in December. Thisnearly all academic disciplines, with (805) 499-0721.

MARCH 1999 47 0 z

lees

Lorenzo Wright ACLS President John D'Arms and editors John Garraty and Mark Carnes check an entry in the 24-volume American National Biography. Now in its second printing, the publication recently won the Dartmouth Medal for a reference work of outstanding quality and significance from the American Library Association. Biography and the Library of Congress New Reference Work Introduced at Library Ceremony

BY JOHN Y. COLE a reception for the publication oflighted to present a publication that The Library's Great Hall was the American National Biography. This 24-honors the personalities that have setting recently for an event thatvolume reference work, 10 years in theshaped the American present. These celebrated publication of a referencemaking and containing more than books are nothing less than a collective work devoted to biographies of promi-17,000 biographies, was recently pub-portrait of America's history." nent Americans. lished by Oxford University Press un- The program for the evening in- On Jan. 8, Oxford University Pressder the auspices of the Americancluded many distinguished scholars, and the Center for the Book sponsoredCouncil of Learned Societies. Theadministrators and foundation offi- event coincided withcials. Winston Tabb, associate librarian the annual meetingfor Library Services, represented the of the American His-Library. In addition to Mr. Barry, other toricalAssociationspeakers included John H. D'Arms, (AHA). president of the American Council of "The Library'sLearned Societies (ACLS); Stanley Great Hall was theN. Katz, president emeritus of the right place to markAmerican Council of Learned Societ- the publication ofies; Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Albert this major referenceSchweitzer Professor of Humanities set," said Edward W.Emeritus at City University of New Barry, the presidentYork; Richard Ekman, secretary of the of Oxford UniversityAndrew W. Mellon Foundation; and Press. "SurroundedWilliam R. Ferris, chairman of the Na- by the great names oftional Endowment for the Humanities. the past, we were de- In his welcoming remarks, Mr. Tabb

Edward Barry, president of Oxford University Press, and Winston Tabb, associate librarian for Library Services Lorenzo Wright 48 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 52 invited AHA members to return to the Library the next day for an open house tovisit seven reading rooms, hear several presentations about the collections and about doing research at the Li- brary and to tour the re- stored1897Thomas Jefferson Building. Individuals who shaped the Library of Congress are well represented in American Na- tional Biography, which contains biographies of people who died before 1996. In addition to Lorenzo Wright Lorenzo Wright the many essays about members of Congress, presidents andtors are John A. Garraty and Mark C.Participants in the Great Hall other public figures who contributedCarnes, both from Columbia Univer-reception included Oxford Univer- to the Library's development, there aresity. A 13-member editorial boardsity Press Trustee John Brademas approximately two dozen biographieshelped design the project. Seventeen(left), Arthur M. Schlesinger, one of Library of Congress officials, staffsenior editors identified and shapedof the evening's speakers, members and benefactors. These in-the substantive areas to be covered.and ACLS President Emeritus clude essays about seven Librarians ofThe 24-volume work, which includesStanley Katz. Congress: John J. Beckley, by Noble E. Cunningham Jr.; Archibald MacLeish, by David Barber; George Watterston, by Martin J. Maiming; and Luther H. Evans, L. Quincy Mumford, Herbert PutnamandAinsworthRand Spofford, by this writer. Other biographies of Library figures include: former Rare Book chief Frederick Goff, by Larry E. Sullivan; philanthropist Lessing J. Rosenwald, by Leonard Dinnerstein; author and book dealer Ephraim Deinard, by Jacob Kabakoff; former Music Division chiefs Oscar G.T. Sonneck and Carl Engel, by Christine Hoffman and Carol June Bradley, respectively; bibliographer Appleton Prentiss Clark Griffin, by John D. Knowlton; classifier Charles Martel, by this writer; cataloger J.C.M. Hanson, by Martin J. Man- ning; music philanthropist Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, by S. Margaret Yusel ElAmin William McCarthy; ethnomusicolo- gist Frances T. Densmore, by Elaine African American Newspaper & Keillor; archivist John C. Fitzpatrick, by Richard J. Cox; editor Worthington Periodical Bibliography Published C. Ford, by Robert L. Gale; folklorist John Lomax, by J. Marshall Bevil; In a "Books & Beyond" program on Feb. 9, the Center for the Book heralded architect Paul J. Pelz, by Frances M. the publication of African-American Newspapers and Periodicals: A National Brousseau; and illustrator and bene- Bibliography (Harvard University Press, 1998). Editor James P. Danky of the factor Joseph Pennell, by Patricia de State Historical Society of Wisconsin (left) holds the 740-page volume. He is Montfort. joined by William Ferris, chairman of the National Endowment for the Hu- American National Biography includes manities, which provided most of the funding, and Maurvene Williams and 17,450 biographies written by 6,100 John Cole of the Center for the Book. scholars and writers. The general edi-

MARCH 1999 49 5 3BEST COPYAVAILABLE I \ SA / 0

411 \ SS five indexes, sells for $2,500. For fur- In his welcoming remarks, Dr. Boor-"The Art of Biography," by Edmund ther information about the set itselfstin thanked participants "for the partMorris, whose The Rise of Theodore and plans for an electronic version,you have played in teaching us and Roosevelt (1979) had recently appeared; contact Oxford University Press orentertaining us with American lives"George Washington in Print and on Rentsch Associates, telephone (212)and lives of the world's heroes" andTelevision," by Washington's biogra- 397-7341, fax: (212) 397-7381, e-mail:"for helping us make this great librarypher James Thomas Flexner, whose [email protected]. a forum of our culture and a forum forwork was the basis for a forthcoming those who have helped enrich." miniseries about Washington on CBS Biography at the Library of He also pointed out several of theTelevision;andhistorianDavid Congress connections between the Library ofMcCullough, whose presentation was In his remarks on Jan. 8, Mr. TabbCongress and biography: titled "Biography in the City of Wash- pointed out that the American Na- "This genre has an intimate andington. Mr. McCullough, like several tional Biography's predecessor, thevivid relation to history, to the re-other speakers, remarked on the Li- Dictionary of American Biography, pub-sources and making of the Library ofbrary of Congress's rich resources for lished in 20 volumes between 1927 andCongress. Our three buildings biography, pointing in particular to two 1936, was compiled in the 1920s in spe- named after Thomas Jefferson, John"marvelous" collections in the Manu- cial offices at the Library of CongressAdams and James Madison com-script Division that at the time were still set aside for the publication's editorsmemorate figures who have invited "largely untapped": the James G. Blaine and writers. some of the best talents of Americancollection and the Agnes Ernst Meyer On Nov. 9-10, 1983, at the suggestion biographers. Our manuscript collec-collection. of Librarian of Congress Daniel J.tion is largely a collection of bio- Today, biography is central to the Boorstin, the Center for the Book spon-graphic sources. Here on Capitol Hill,Library's activities in yet another way: sored a symposium about the writing,of all places, we are at a point of inter-through the collections being digitized publishing and influence of biography.section of individual and collectiveby the National Digital Library Pro- More than 30 biographers joined withbiography, of the characters, hopes,gram. Many of the collections have a publishers, editors, librarians andambitions and frustrations of indi-biographical focus and several of readers to exchange ideas about whatvidual men and women, and vectorsthese, such as the American "life his- was thenand remains today theof social purpose." tory" interviews from the Federal most popular form of nonfiction in the The symposium mixed short, formalWriters' Folklore Project of 1936-1940, United States. Most of the biographerspresentations with much discussionare among the most popular LC collec- had used the Library of Congress inand many stories and anecdotes abouttions on the Internet. their research, and many were work-biographers and their subjects. The pre- ing at the Library on new books at thesentations were: "The Question of Biog- John Y. Cole is the director of the Center time of the symposium. raphy," by editor_Samuel S. Vaughan;for the Book.

Ai illustrated 75-page booklet based on the symposium, Biography & Books, was published by the Library of Congress in 1986. It includes the presentations by Mr. Vaughan, Mr. Morris, Mr. Flexner and Mr. McCullough, plus summaries of discussions on "What Is Biography?" and"Biographersand Their Subjects," and a reading list on "The Art and Practice of Biogra- phy." Single copies are available at no cost from the Center for the Book as Biographers at the Center for the long as the supply lasts. Book's 1983 symposium, "Bio- Requests should be sent to graphy & Books," are David the Center for the Book, Li- McCullough (upper left), who brary of Congress, 101 In- spoke with Robert Massie; dependenceAve.S.E., Edmund Morris; and Robert Caro Washington, D.C. 20540- and Anne Edwards with Random 4920. Requests should be House editor Anne Freedgood. in writing or via e-mail: [email protected].

50 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 54 o

s Fellows Arrive Soros Foundation Sponsors Foreign Librarians

On March 1 the seventh class of Prospective candidates submittedLibrary; Library of Congress, African Library of Congress-Soros Foun-their applications to their regionaland Middle Eastern Division and dations Visiting Fellows arrived inSoros foundation offices in October.Geography and Map Division); Washington. The three-month pro-The local offices administered Teach-StankaJelenc,Central Medical gram, designed to introduce foreigners of English as a Foreign LanguageLibrary, Ljubljana, Slovenia (host librarians to libraries and librarianshipexaminations to test the applicants'library:Georgetown University in America, is sponsored by the Net-knowledge of English and conductedMedical Center, Dahlgren Memorial work Library Program of the Open So-interviews with the applicants. A totalLibrary); Agnieszka Koszowska, ciety Institute, Budapest, Hungary. Re-of 50 applications from qualified indi-Library of Silesia, Katowice, Poland gional Soros foundations affiliatedviduals were forwarded to the Net-(host library: Smithsonian Institution with the Budapest office expect to usework Library Program Board and theLibraries); Tunde Lepp, Central Euro- the Fellows as trainers and speakersLibrary of Congress for final selection.pean University Library, Budapest, upon their return home. A 10-member committee at the Library Hungary (host library: Library of At the Library of Congress, the Fel-selected the group of 12 librarians. TheCongress, Cataloging Directorate); lows will receive general orientationselection was based on each librarian's Monika Mindosova, Presov Univer- on the Library and intensive Internetprofessional merits, essay content, rec-sity, University Library, Presov, Slo- training, and will participate in a man-ommendation from his or her libraryvak Republic (host libraries: Library agement skills institute and trainerdirector and potential to influence and of Congress, Special Materials Cata- workshop. They will attend a librarypromote change within their own in-loging Division; Catholic University conference in Arlington, Va. An addi-stitution or in the library community atof America, Mullen Library); Nora tional week of orientation and traininglarge or both. Skaburskiene, Vilnius Pedagogical will be held at the Mortenson Center The 1999 Library of Congress-SorosUniversity Library, Vilnius, Lithuania for International Library Programs atFoundations Visiting Fellows are: (host library: Catholic University of the University of Illinois, Urbana- Alexandra Alexandrova, The Amer-America, Mullen Library); Jadranka Champaign. ican College of Sofia, Sofia, BulgariaSlobodanac, Fran Galovic Public Each Fellow will then spend seven(host library: Gonzaga College HighLibrary, Koprivnica, Croatia (host weeks at one or more host institutionsSchool); Ludmila Dubinkina, Alek-library: Martin Luther King, Jr. Memo- in the Washington metropolitan area.sandr Hertsen Regional Researchrial Library); Lenka Sukova, Interna- These institutions provide training,Library, Kirov, Russia (host library: Al-tional Baptist Theological Seminary, work experience and Internet access.exandria Library); leva Hermansone,Prague, Czech Republic (host library: The Fellows will observe firsthand howGymnasium No. 1, Ventspils, Latvia Library of Congress, Cataloging Direc- national, public, academic and research(host library: Montgomery Blair Hightorate); and Marje Tamre, Concordia libraries in a democratic society operateSchool); Olga lastrebova, NationalInternational University Estonia, and serve their patrons. The network ofLibrary of Russia, St. Petersburg, Rus-Harjumaa, Estonia (host library: host institutions includes high schoolsia (host libraries: Freer Gallery ofCatholic University, Judge Kathryn J. libraries for the first time this year. Art/Arthur M. Sackler Art GalleryDuFour Law Library). Institute on Federal Library Resources CUA To Host 25th Annual Event The 25th annual Institute on Fed- on Libraries and Information Sciencefunctions performed by the Federal Li- eral Library Resources, sponsored on federal libraries; identify resources,brary and Information Center Commit- by the School of Library and Informa- publications and specialized servicestee. Participants will be addressed by tion Science of Catholic University of provided by federal libraries; identify28 directors of federal information pro- America, will be held in Washington resources available through major gov-grams and several membership asso- July 19-30, 1999. ernment clearinghouses, such as theciation representatives. Frank Kurt Cylke, the academic di- National Technical Information Service Information regarding the institute rector, announced that the curriculum and the Defense Technical Informationmay be obtained by contacting the will identify the role of federal libraries, Center; compare the in-operation or theSchool of Library and Information Sci- information centers and data banks in in-process development of the majorence, Catholic University of America, the federal library community; discuss federal library and information ser-Washington, DC 20064; telephone the impact of the National Commission vices; and identify and articulate the(202) 319-5085.

MARCH 1999 51 z Library Presents Budget to House Spending Plans for FY 2000 Detailed

BY GAIL FINEBERG navigators," the Library will make its Congressional Research Service Dr. Billington, in presenting theresources available to Congress and(CRS) Director Daniel P. Mulhollan Library's fiscal year 2000 budgetthe American people, Dr. Billingtonrequested a total of $71.3 million for to the House Subcommittee on Legis-and Deputy Librarian Donald L. Scott CRS salaries and expenses, including lative Appropriations on Feb. 10, laidtold the subcommittee. $559,052 in fiscal year 2000 to continue out the Library's 21st century view of In support of this plan, the Libraryto hire replacement staff in the second a vast collection of materials in bothasked for $4.8 million in fiscal yearyear of a multiyear plan to ensure con- traditional and digital formats all2000 for "automation building blocks" tinuity of service to Congress as em- readily available to Congress and the(see "Budget 2000 Statement"). ployees eligible to retire exit CRS. American people. Taylor thanked the Librarian for ex- Dennis Roth, president of the Con- For fiscal year 2000, the Librarian re- pounding on details contained in hisgressional Research Employees Asso- quested a total of $383.7 million in netwritten statement and added: "It hasciation (CREA), spoke in support of appropriations and $33.1 million inbeen my experience over the six yearsthe CRS budget request and also of a authority to use receipts, representing I have been on the Appropriations$1.5 million item in Library's proposed a net increase of $20 million (5.5 per-Committee that the Library has donebudget to replace 20-year-old Madison cent) over fiscal 1999. an excellent job in trying to accomplishBuilding furnishings with "ergonomi- This increase includes $16.6 mil-this with limited funds. I understandcally correct workstations." lion to pay for mandatory pay raisesthat we all could spend more money, American Bar Association represen- (driven largely by a January 2000 payperhaps, if we had it, but I would like tative Janet S. Zagorin and former Rep. raise of 4.4 percent) and price-level to commend you." William Orton supported a request for increases, as well as $3.4 mil- $8 million for the Law Library, lion (net) to support "automa- including $548,852 in fiscal 2000 tion building blocks" and"Weare working on ways of to hire 8.5 full-time employees other new or expanded efforts to ensure adequate staffing for to acquire, preserve and serve getting access to the entire research and reference services, information. digital universe, not just what security of rare book collections Asked by the subcommittee and book retrieval services; and chair, Rep. Charles H. Taylor (R- we are digitizing but that $188,250 for contractual services N.C.), how the Library will which is coming into being to keep current the filing of make a transition from paper looseleaf inserts containing the and related formats to digital in exclusive digital format." latest laws, administrative rules formats,Dr.Billingtonre- and regulations, and legal inter- sponded: "We have a plan. We James H. Billington pretations. are working on ways of getting Librarian of Congress Register of Copyrights Mary- access to the entire digital uni- beth Peters asked for support of verse, not just what we are digi- a total of $11.4 million for the tizing but that which is coming into Speaking in support of the Library'sCopyright Office, which reflects a 17 being in exclusive digital format." proposed fiscal year 2000 budget waspercent decrease from fiscal 1999, in During the next five years, Dr. American University Librarian Patricia anticipation of increased revenue from Billington said, the Library will ensureWand, representing the Americanhigher copyright registration fees. She that Congress and the AmericanLibrary Association, Association ofasked for more personnel to support people have access to "wholly re-engi-Research Libraries, American Associa- CORDS and to process a backlog of neered traditional collections," whichtion of Law Libraries, Medical Library copyright claims; fees would offset will include digital formats that theAssociation and Special Librariesthese expenses. Library is producing from its historicalAssociation. James Gashel, representing the Na- collections as well as electronic prod- SaulSchiderman,presidentoftional Federation of the Blind, sup- ucts that LC acquires from outsideAFSCME Local 2910, spoke in favor of ported the National Library Service sources. Two automation buildingthe fiscal year 2000 budget request. Hefor the Blind and Physically Handi- blocks are the Legislative Informationalso asked for additional congressionalcapped, which submitted a fiscal year System and the National Digitalsupport of a subsidy for LC employees 2000 budget request of $48 million for Library Program, he said. using public transportation to com-salaries and expenses. By re-engineering internal processesmute to and from work. The Library In addition to Chairman Taylor, with its new Integrated Library Sys-requested funding for this subsidy inmembers of the Legislative Branch tem and Electronic Cataloging Publi-fiscal 1993, but did not receive addi- Appropriations Subcommittee are Reps. cation System, and by retraining itstional funds. LC did not request a tran- Zach Wamp (R-Tenn.), Jerry Lewis work force to become "knowledgesit subsidy for fiscal 2000. (R-Calif.), Kay Granger (R-Texas), John

52 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN , 5. z

E. Peterson (R-Penn.), Ed Pastor (D-million for a multiyear James Madisonplanned decrease of $1,197,000 (from Ariz.), John P. Murtha (D-Penn.) andbuilding workstation modernization$3,544,000 to $2,347,000), which is Steny H. Hoyer (D-Md.). project; and $.3 million for operational$270,000 less of a decrease than pro- funding of the National Audio-visualjected two years ago in the original Conservation Center... . budget because of higher software Budget 2000 The Library of Congress programsmaintenance costs. The ILS will coordi- and activities are funded by four sala-nate and make more efficient all the Statement ries and expenses (S&E) appropria-Library's basic functions, such as ac- The following is excerpted from Dr. tions, which support congressionalquisitions, cataloging, and research Billington's written statement submitted services, national library services,and loan services, but will require a Feb. 10 to the House Subcommittee oncopyright administration, library ser- major redirection of resources to imple- Legislative Branch Appropriations. vices to blind and physically handi- ment. As a result, the Library projects a ... The Library'sproposed fiscalcapped people and management sup- slight short-term increase in its arrear- year2000 budget supportstheport. A separate appropriation funds age during fiscal years 1999 and 2000. Library's mission and strategic plan, furniture and furnishings. The Library expects that any major sav- which charts our course into an in- ings from the ILS would begin to ac- creasingly electronic future. Libraries crue at the end of fiscal year 2000 and are a link in the human chain that con- begin appearing in the Library's fiscal nects what happened yesterday year 2001 budget. with what might take place to- Electronic Resources In- morrow; they are the base camps formation Project. An impor- for new discovery in the Infor- tant phase of the transition to an mation Age; they must include increasingly electronic future is and integrate both traditional the development of an approach and digitized materials. to handling digital materials. The Library's budget request The Library is requesting a fiscal totals $383.7 million in net ap- 2000 increase of $964,764 for an propriations and $33.1 million in initiative that consists of two authority to use receipts a net parts: (1) a three-year project, at increase of 5.5 percent ($20 mil- $520,836 per year, to develop lion) over fiscal 1999. Most of this and implement policies and pro- increase ($16.6 million) is needed cedures and the access manage- simply to fund mandatory pay ment system necessary for in- raises (driven largely by the corporating into its collections January 2000 pay raise of 4.4 per- and services the electronic prod- cent) and unavoidable price- ucts the Library acquires from level increases; $3.4 million (of others via copyright deposit, gift the $20 million total increase) is and purchase; and (2) a perma- needed to meet critical growing J nent base increase of $443,928 to workload increases (net of pro- fund the technical staff neces- gram decreases). sary to support the handling of Growing workload decreases total electronic services in the custodial di- $8.25 million, including a $4.8 millionAutomation Building Blocks visions. Just as the National Digital Li- decrease resulting from higher copy- The Library is putting in place auto-brary Program provided national lead- right fee receipts, a $2.25 million de- mation building blocks that will ensureership for the transition to a digital crease resulting from two no-yeara solid foundation for continuing intoenvironment through conversion of projects (i.e., Meeting of the Frontiers the next century its historic leadership archival materials delivered on the and Lewis and Clark Bicentennial) that role of delivering information servicesInternet, the Electronic Resources In- were funded in fiscal 1999, and a $1.2to Congress and the nation, settingformation Project will provide leader- million decrease resulting from abibliographic standards (saving librar-ship in the integration of material in planned reduction in the Integrated ies hundreds of millions of dollars by electronic form into our traditional op- Library System project costs. supplying them with bibliographicerations with books and other hard Growing workload increases total-data) and providing free electronic ac-copy materials. This effort is a neces- ing $11.6 million are offset by the de-cess to knowledge and information for sary initial step and a key part of the creases of $8.25 million, which result in life-long learners everywhere. comprehensive plan for integrating all a net increase of $3.4 million. Major in- Key automation building blocks fordigital collections. creases include: $4.8 million for auto- the future include: Global Legal Information Net- mation building blocks; $1.6 million Integrated Library System (ILS).work (GLIN). GLIN is a cooperative for a staff succession program; $1.4The ILS is scheduled to be operationalinternational network in which na- million for improved collections secu-at the beginning of fiscal year 2000 and tions are contributing electronically rity; $.7 million for the Copyright reg- will change the work patterns for morethe full, authentic text of statutes and istration process (funded by receipts); than half the Library's staff. The fiscalregulations to a database hosted by the $.7 million for the Law Library; $1.5year 2000 budget incorporates a continued on page 59

MARCH 1999 53 0

,, -1 L 72 0 7 'Wonderful is The VaascooePictures life size and full of colorMakes a thrilling show L NEWYORK HERALD, April 24, 96. L. L

Advertisement for the Vitascope motion picture projector, marketed by the Edison Manufacturing Co. The device was invented by Thomas Armat and C. Francis Jenkins. Inventing Entertainment Sound Recordings and Motion Pictures of the Edison Cos.

BY KAREN C. LUND films and 81 sound recordings) has He established the Edison Speaking With 1,093 patents to his name,also been made available in the "In-Phonograph Co. in 1878 to market the Thomas A. Edison (1847-1931)venting Entertainment" collection inmachine, but the novelty value of the managed to become not only a re-the Library's American Memory webphonograph soon wore off for the pub- nowned inventor, but also a promi-site at www.loc.gov /. lic, and Edison turned his attention to nent manufacturer and businessman developing an electric light system. through the merchandising of his in- Sound Recordings Ever the visionary, however, Edison ventions. His most famous inventions Edison's early jobs with telegraphpredicted in North American Review in the incandescent light bulb, thecompanies led him to invent many im-June 1878 that in the future the phono- phonograph and the motion pictureprovements to telegraph systems. Itgraph would be used for dictation, camera have profoundly changedwas his work with the telegraph andbooks for the blind, music recordings, modern life. later with a telephone transmitter thatmusic boxes, talking clocks, educa- The Motion Picture, Broadcastinginspired Edison to create the phono-tional purposes and for the retention of andRecordedSoundDivisiongraph in 1877. It occurred to him thattelephone conversations. (M/B/RS) of the Library of Congresssound could be recorded as indenta- While Edison had neglected the contains impressive evidence of thetions on a rapidly moving piece of pa- phonograph, others rushed forward to surviving products of Edison's enter-per. He eventually formulated a ma-improve the machine. In particular, tainment inventions and industries.chine with a tinfoil-coated cylinderChichester Bell and Charles Sumner The division houses motion pictures,and a diaphragm and needle. WhenTainter developed an improved ma- cylinder and disc sound recordings,Edison spoke the words "Mary hadchine that used a wax cylinder and a and journals with articles and photo-a little lamb" into the mouthpiece,floating stylus, which they called a graphs pertaining to the Edison Cos.amazingly the machine played thegraphophone. They proposed a pos- A large selection of these items (341phrase back to him. sible partnership with Edison on the 54 58 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN The Black Maria, Edison's first motion picture studio. machine, but Edison refused to col-provements to the phonograph and The introduction of an Edison disc laborate with them, feeling that theto the cylinders played on them, therecord was in reaction to the over- phonograph was his invention alone.early ones being made of wax.whelming popularity of discs on the With this competition, Edison wasEdison introduced an unbreakablemarket incontrasttocylinders. stirred into action and resumed hiscylinder record, named the BlueNamed "Diamond Discs" and touted work on the phonograph in 1887,Amberol, at roughly the same timeas being superior to the competition's eventually adopting methods similarhe entered the disc phonograph mar-records, the Edison discs were de- to Bell and Tainter's in his own im-ket in 1912. signed to be played only on Edison proved phonograph. Edison's phonographEdison's Kinetoscope, closed was initially marketed as(left) and open. The viewer a business dictation ma-would look through the lens at chine. Entrepreneur Jessethe top of the machine to watch H. Lippincott acquireda film. Film was threaded on control of most of therollers as a continuous ribbon. phonograph companies, including Edison's, and set up the North Ameri- can Phonograph Co. in 1888. The business did not prove profitable, and, when Lippincott fell ill, Edison took over the management. In 1894, the North American Phono- graph Co. went into bank- ruptcy, allowing Edison to buy back the rights to his invention. In 1896 Edison started the National Phonograph Co. with the intent of making phonographs for home amusement. Over the years, he made im-

MARCH 1999 55 59 0 Pj

s s the influence of World War I, such as Keep the Home Fires Burning, 'Till the Boys Come Home and There's a Long, Long Trail, the latter a particular favorite of President Wilson. Spoken comedy routines on sound recordings were, for the most part, a reflection of the acts performing on the vaudeville stage. Ethnic humor, as -.f ..,.- found in Backyard Conversation Be- tween Mrs. Reilly and Mrs. Finnegan or Cohen on His Honeymoon, was quite popular with audiences of the time. Rural humor was another Edison staple, and was most clearly represented by the performances of Cal Stewart as "Uncle Josh." The Library contains both sound recordings and motion pictures of this popular character and his take on modern life (on the Web site: Uncle Josh Buys an Automo- bile, Uncle Josh in a Spooky Hotel, Uncle Close-up view of Edison's horizontal feed Kinetograph. A strip of filmJosh's Nightmare and Uncle Josh at the is inside the aperture gate in the center. Moving Picture Show). Motion Pictures phonographs.TheEdisonlabel The recordings available in M/B/RS Edison's involvement with motion endeavored to produce high quality(and on the American Memory Webpictures is often traced to his meeting opera and classical concert recordingssite) represent the variety the Edisonwith Eadweard Muybridge at his West on these discs and arranged "ToneCo. produced. One can find instru-Orange laboratory in 1888. Edison Tests" to prove their superior quality.mental, popular vocal, spoken word,viewed Muybridge's Zoopraxiscope, a At these Tone Tests, an opera singercomedy, foreign language, opera,device that used a circular disc with would sing with a phonograph record-concert and religious recordings. Thestill photographs of the successive ing of his or her voice. The house lightsinstrumental recordings feature art-phases of movement around the cir- would be dimmed, and the audienceists proficient with certain musi-cumference to re-create the illusion of was challenged to detect whether theycal instruments, such as Signor Loumovement. Although Muybridge de- were listening to the phonographChiha "Friscoe" and his xylophone,sired a collaboration, Edison decided record or the singer. banjo soloist Fred Bacon or Herbertinstead to create his own motion pic- The record quality, though, did notSoman playing his violin. Dance mu-ture camera. He wrote in a caveat filed alter the fact that the cadre of artists onsic, which become very popular in that year with the Patent Office, "I am the Edison label was never as impres-the teens, is represented, as well asexperimenting upon an instrument sive those of its competitors, such asmusic from hit theater musicals ofwhich does for the eye what the pho- the Victor label. Edison was reluctantthe early 20th century (Katinka andnograph does for the ear." to pay for premium talent. He had sur-The Big Show, for example). The evi- The task of inventing the machine prising opinions, too, regarding thedence of marimba and Hawaiian fellto Edison's associate William search for operatic or classical talent.music reflects the increasing expo-K.L. Dickson. Dickson initially experi- Although he was practically deaf, hesure of Americans to foreign styles ofmented with a cylinder-based device took personal control of the hiring ofmusic after the turn of the century.for recording images, before turning to these artists, dismissing many thatEarly jazz efforts are also apparent,a celluloid strip. Patent applications were quite renowned in their field foras in selections by the Frisco Jazzwere made in 1891 for a motion picture having excessive vibrato or tremolo in Band (on the Web site: Night Time incamera, called a Kinetograph, and a their voice. Indeed, even though theLittle Italy and Umbrellas to Mend). Kinetoscope, a motion picture peep- celebrated Sergei Rachmaninoff made Popular vocal recordings of thehole viewer. his first records on the Edison label,Edison Co. included comic songs, of- In 1893 a motion picture studio, later Edison disliked what he referred to asten performed by vaudeville artists,dubbed the Black Maria (slang for a Rachmaninoff's "pounding" style, and and sentimental ballads, which Edisonpolice paddy wagon, which the studio a dissatisfied Rachmaninoff eventuallytermed "heart songs." Heart songsresembled), was opened at Edison's moved to the Victor label. were Edison's favorite type of music,West Orange, N.J., laboratory com- In the 1920s, competition from radioand the Edison catalog abounded withplex. Short films were produced there caused business to sour, and thethese songs expressing love for an- using vaudeville acts of the day. These Edison disc business ceased produc-other or a nostalgia for an old way ofincluded well-known performers such tion in 1929. life. Several songs also demonstratedas strongman Eugene Sandow, Span-

56 60 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN O z ish dancer Carmencita and acts from Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, including Annie Oakley and Native Ameri- can dancers. Kinetoscope parlors opened in New York and soon spread to other major cities during 1894. In these parlors, machines were typically placed in a row, and a customer could view the films inside, all for a total of 25 cents. Edison was reluctant to develop a motion picture projector, feeling that more profit was to be made with the peephole viewers. Competition from other projection systems, however, persuaded him to market a projector developed by Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins.It was named the Vitascope and was presented to the world as an Edison invention in April 1896. The Vitascope, along with other projection systems, became a popular attraction in the variety and vaudeville theaters in major cities across the United States. Motion pictures in short time became starring attractions on the vaudevillePaper print rolls and fragments deposited for copyright at the Library bill. The Edison Co. soon developedof Congress its own projector, known as the Projectoscope, or Projecting Kineto-other's films to meet exhibitors' de-moving image had faded, and vaude- scope, in November 1896, and aban-mands for a certain product. Edisonville theaters put fewer films on their doned the Vitascope. filmmakers engaged in this practiceprograms. The company faced this Experiments were made to synchro-themselves, and in an effort to pro-challenge by creating more story films. nize sound to film, and in 1895 thetect their own films from being imi-Edison films such as Jack and the Kinetophone was introduced. To oper-tated, the Edison Co. began to copy-Beanstalk (1902) and The Great Train ate the new invention, a patron lookedright its films. Registrations of films Robbery (1903), both directed by Edwin through the peephole viewer of awere sent to the Library of CongressS. Porter, pointed to the creative poten- Kinetoscope while listening to afor copyright deposit in the form oftial that motion pictures could have. soundtrack piped through ear tubespositive image paper photographicStorefront theaters, dubbed nickelode- attached to a phonograph in the cabi-rolls. These "paper prints," alongons, began appearing in 1905 as a net. The device did not offer exact syn- with those received from other com-showcase for these story films. Films chronization and ultimately failed topanies, accumulated to form the col-were shown all day, which allowed find a market. The film known todaylection known today as the Paperviewers to stop in to see a film almost as Dickson Experimental Sound Film in Print Collection at the Library. Theanytime, unlike the variety theaters. the Library's collections is one of the first ones were deposited by W.K.L.Larger theaters began to be built by the few examples still existing of this early Dickson in August 1893, but theyend of 1907 at the same time that many foray into sound. have been lost to history. The earliestfilmmakers, including Edison, began The early films produced by thecopyrighted one that still survives ismaking longer, feature films. Edison Co. were mostly actuality Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze, Throughout the history of his mo- films motion pictures taken ofJanuary 7, 1894, which records Fredtion picture company, Thomas Edison everyday life and events as theyOtt, an Edison employee, sneezingwas frequently involved in litigation occurred. The company catalogcomically for the camera. From Octo- over patent claims. Suing the competi- contained scenes of vaudeville per-ber 1896 onward, the company began tion for patent infringement was a way formers, notable persons, railwayto regularly send copyright depositsof protecting his inventions and prof- trains, scenic places, foreign views,for its films to the Library. its and a way to eliminate competition. fire and police workers, military ex- Filmmaking activities at the EdisonThe establishment of the Motion Pic- ercises, parades, naval scenes, expo-Co. soon expanded to include scenes ture Patents Co. in 1908, spearheaded sitions, parades and sporting events.from around the world, such as theby Edison and known as the "Trust," Comic skits and films relying on trickAmerican West, Europe and Asia.effectively formed a monopoly on the effects to achieve "magical" resultsCameras were also sent to Cuba to American film market for Edison and were also popular. film scenes of the Spanish-Americanhis allies. Many film companies at this timeWar in 1898. This monopoly could not hide the frequently copied, or "duped," each By 1900, however, the novelty of the continued on page 58 MARCH 1999 61 57 East Meeting West German Author Uwe Timm Describes Culture Clashes

BY PROSSER GIFFORD Camp Bed." The chapter was then he 11th program in the series read in English by Lane Jennings, a 1 "Encounters with the Most Ac- poet and translator from the Goethe claimed European Writers" was held Institute, followed again by Mr. at the Library on Feb. 5 and featured Timm, who read a portion of the Uwe Timm, who read from a recent second chapter, "The Reichstag, novel to an audience in the Jefferson Wrapped." Building's Southeast Pavilion. Jens Hanefeld of the German Em- Mr. Timm read the opening chapters bassy introduced Mr. Timm, mention- of Johannisnacht, a 1996 novel about the ing that he had been born in Hamburg, differences between the cultures of studied in Paris, and earned a Ph. D. in East and West Berlin after the fall of philosophy from the University of Communism in 1989. Recently trans- Munich in 1971. Three of Mr. Timm's lated by Peter Tagel and published by earlier novels also have been trans- New Directions in 1998 as Midsummer lated into English: The Snake Tree Night, the novel's narrator and pro- (1990), Headhunter (1994) and The tagonist is a writer who takes on an Invention of Curried Sausage (1995). unlikely assignment to write a story He is known as well in Germany about potatoes. Hans GOnter Contzen as an author of children's books and On the trail of a former East German German author Uwe Timm radio plays. A masterly storyteller, scholar who knew a great deal about Mr. Timm combines comedy, irony, potatoes and who left an extensive bib-culiar denizens of East Berlin, butrealism and magical moments in his liography of note cards, the narratornever does get his article written. narratives. finds himself facing several bizarre, For the evening's reading, Mr. amusing, ironic and frustrating experi-Timm read in German several pagesMr. Gifford is director of the Office of ences. He learns about some of the pe-of the opening chapter, "Napoleon's Scholarly Programs.

Edison ofthe motion picture,saying,eluding the Hendricks, the George continued from page 57 "Geography, history, literature, botany,Kleine and the Edison Laboratory surgery and even chemistry can beCollections, contain many of the ear- fact, however, that Edison motion pic- taught much more entertainingly,liest experimental Edison films and tures were not keeping pace with theauthentically and convincingly bylater films from the teens. As such, quality of competitors' films in terms[film's] aid than is now possible withthe variety of motion pictures made of the advances made in narration.present methods. What child wouldby the Edison Co. is well represented The company tried to improve itsnot readily absorb a lasting impres-when one visits the M/B/RS reading image by releasing wholesome andsion of the people of India, for in-room or the American Memory educational films, but this did notstance, and their customs throughWeb site. rescue flagging sales. the visualization of scenes in that The motion pictures and sound In 1913 another attempt to unitecountry? Information conveyed inrecordings available on-line are moving images with sound wasthat manner would be retained insupplemented by brief essays de- made with the introduction of thememory, where days and weeks oftailing Edison's life, his motion pic- Kinetophone. The system proveddry reading would fail of accom-ture inventions and films, and his difficult to operate and was, there-plishment." phonograph inventions and record- fore, unsuccessful. An antimonopoly The Paper Print Collection in M/B/RSings. More than a hundred years ruling delivered against the Trust inis the chief reason that the Librarylater, the influence of Edison's en- October 1915 was another blow tohas one of the preeminent archivestertainment inventions remains Edison's film business, and by 1918of Edison films. The Edison Co. waswith us still, in no small part due Edison ended his involvement in thequite active in copyrighting its filmsto the collections existing at the motion picture field. with the Library through 1905, andLibrary of Congress. Still, Edison accurately predictedits method of deposit on paper has the future possibilities of the motionensured that the films exist to thisMs. Lund is a digital conversion picture in The Nickelodeon in Augustday, as film celluloid would un- specialist for the National Digital 1910, saying that films to comedoubtedly have deteriorated or beenLibrary Program in the Motion Picture, would include sound and color. Hedestroyed by now. Other more re- Broadcasting and Recorded Sound extolled the educational possibilitiescent acquisitions in M/B / RS, in-Division.

58 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 62 \y/

4'1*.s" Budget nate these building blocks and otherCareer Enhancement and Succession continued from page 53 digital initiatives in order to provide Plan that will give existing staff oppor- the most effective information services tunities to advance to critical profes- Law Library of Congress. GUN is thefor the 21st century. The Library is alsosional positions while also enabling the digital future of the Law Library, andseeking advice and counsel from the Library to recruit a new corps of junior an increase of $396,000 is requested toNational Academy of Sciences as parttechnicians. Without the additional support GLIN's expanding from 12 toof our planning process. Re-engineer- funding for technician positions, our approximately 30 countries by the yearing traditional functions and addingnewly promoted (and higher paid) cu- 2004: an addition of three to four coun-digital content are critical elements ofrators will be forced to devote time to tries per year. The Library plans to usethe planning. The overall transition to technician-level assignments, which receipts provided by participants andmodern electronic services Library- would not be a cost- effective use of re- sponsors of GUN to help supportwide will be a multiphase, multiyearsources. GUN development, but these receiptsprocess. The Congressional Research Service will not be sufficient to ensure success Fiscal year 2000 marks the end of the (CRS) faces a similar challenge. One- until a critical mass of countries isinitial five-year National Digital Li-half of CRS's staff of analysts, attorneys achieved. brary (NDL) program, and the Libraryand reference librarians will be eligible Copyright OfficeElectronicwill present, in next year's budget, itsto retire by the year 2006. To address Registration, Recordation and De-plans for the future of our digital pro-this challenge, CRS began a research posit System (CORDS). CORDS is thegrams. The highly successful NDL pro-capacity risk assessment process in electronic future of the Copyright Of-gram serves as a catalyst for institu- 1996 and identified the specific subject fice and provides the public with antional change, in addition to making areas where staff were likely to retire in electronic means to submit copyrightpossible access by millions of Ameri-the next few years. CRS foresees re- claims and documents, which stream-cans to the Library's vast holdings. Aduced analytic capacity in a significant lines internal processing. Develop-recent PC Magazine review of the Topnumber of subject areas as early as the ment, as well as testing, will continue100 Web sites stated: "We've ravedyear 2000; these losses will accelerate through successive phases with an in- about the Library of Congress for years, and affect almost every area of legi- creasing number of electronic registra-and it just keeps getting better." Weslative support to Congress by 2004. tions over the Internet. plan to build on our successful five-Rebuilding this capacity requires a In the year 2004, the Library expectsyear NDL program to ensure publicmultiyear learning period during to receive at least 100,000 works (out ofavailability of additional high-qualitywhich new staff develop the breadth a total of more than 700,000 works) incontent. and depth of knowledge of the specific digital form such as census data, With regard to the Library's yearissues as well as of the legislative pro- films, music, encyclopedias, scientific2000 (Y2K) readiness for automatedcess. To meet these challenges, CRS has papers and legal documents. An in-operations, the Library has identifieddeveloped a multiyear plan to begin crease of $143,988 (funded by receipts) 99 mission critical systems and is on- hiring replacement staff. In fiscal 1999, is requested to expand the CORDS sys- schedule for making these systemsCongress provided $435,858 to begin tem into new formats, provide on-lineY2K compliant by Sept. 30, 1999. Thethis hiring process, using the Graduate customer support, support increasingGeneral Accounting Office conductsRecruit Program and the Law Recruit digital storage needs and enhance tech- regular reviews of our progress inProgram. The fiscal 2000 request seeks nical capabilities. reaching Y2K compliant automated$559,052 to continue to hire staff to Automation Infrastructure Sup-operations and reports quarterly toensure the continuity of services to port. An increase of $3,250,000 is re- Congress on our progress. Congress, while remaining within the quested to fund automation infrastruc- full-time equivalent level provided in ture support items: (1) $1.9 million to Succession Program the fiscal 1999 budget. upgrade the Library's digital voice The Library's ability to serve Con- switch, which has been in operation for gress and the nation depends in largeSecurity of Library Staff, more than a decade and will not be ablepart on its expert staff, particularlyCollections and Facilities to support the Library's growing tele-those who have intimate familiarity During 1998, the Library's House communications requirements in thewith the special collections or fluency and Senate oversight committees 21st century; (2) $600,000 to increasein foreign languages. approved our comprehensive Secur- computer server storage and capacity, In 1996, Library Services undertookity Plan, and Congress approved which is necessary to meet the growingan analysis of its vulnerability to retire-supplemental appropriations totaling demand of the millions of transactionsments and determined that by fiscal $16,975,000 for the Library's physical processed daily; (3) $500,000 to fundyear 2004, 50 percent (1,077) of its staff security. These two congressional additional security and disaster recov-would be eligible for retirement. Anactions provide a framework for the ery measures, which are becoming in-additional concern is the need to pro- security of the Library's collections, creasingly critical with the growth ofvide upward mobility opportunities facilities, staff, visitors and other assets. on-line systems; and (4) $250,000 tofor motivated technicians who haveAs a result, additional security mea- support the first phase of a central fi-demonstrated their ability to move into sures will be put in place during fiscal nancial management system replace-professional positions. To respond si- years 1999 and 2000: the recruitment of ment project. multaneously to both of these needs, additional police, the installation of en- The Library is undertaking an insti-the Library requests $1,010,016 to ini-try screening equipment at all public tution-wide planning effort to coordi-tiate a cost-effective Library Servicesentrances, the design and installation

MARCH 1999 59 B3 z

of additional perimeter security en- comparative law. More than 200 juris-fee structure should provide 70 percent hancements and the design and devel- dictions are covered by Law Librarycost recovery for registration, recorda- opment of an improved intrusion de-specialists, some 80 percent of the sov-tionandrelatedservices.The tection system. The Library is workingereign entities of the world that issueRegister's statement provides a more with the Capitol Police and the Archi- laws and regulations. The Law Librarydetailed explanation of the proposed tect of the Capitol to complete a memo- utilizes this talent to maintain and de-increase. randum of understanding, which willvelop the breadth and depth of a de- The ability of the Copyright Office to ensure proper coordination of all secu- manding collection, as well as to pro-serve the nation effectively requires re- rity efforts. vide reference services whenever eitherstructuring and streamlining opera- The supplemental appropriations in chamber is in session (as mandated bytions. The Library requests approval to fiscal 1999 did not provide additionalthe Congress). These are daunting re-use part of the additional receipts funds for collections physical security sponsibilities. The U.S. Courts, the ex-($694,212) to redesign the workflow initiatives. Thus, for the fiscal year 2000 ecutive branch, and the legal commu-and to bolster its core staff of examin- budget, the Library is requesting an in-nity also depend heavily on the Lawers, which will ensure the timely pro- crease of $1,352,201 to support threeLibrary's collections. cessing of claims for registration. To key collections security enhancements. The Law Library has been creative in improve public service, efficiency, secu- Reader Registration. The Li- attempting to meet its responsibilities, rity, cash management and contain brary's Security Plan specifies, as aparticularly with the development ofcosts, the Copyright Office must rede- minimum standard, the identificationits Global Legal Information Network,sign its workflow and hire additional of all patrons requesting material frombut funding for 8.5 FTEs ($548,852) isexaminers. the collections. The Library is request- crucially required. The funding would The Library also requests authority ing an increase of $466,791 to imple-ensure adequate staffing for researchto use part of the additional receipts to ment this minimum standard in all and reference services, improve the se-fund further growth of the CORDS ef- reading rooms. curity of the rare book room collections,fort ($143,988, see automation building Marking and Tagging Libraryand improve book retrieval services.blocks) and to fund newly imposed Materials. The Library's Security PlanThe Law Library is also requestingstorage costs ($268,204) levied by the specifies, as a minimum standard, the $188,250 for contractual services toNational Archives and Records Ad- marking and tagging of most material. maintain the filing of looseleaf inserts.ministration. Congress approved and funded theThe integrity and currency of legal marking and tagging of materials re-publications which contain laws,National Library Service for the ceived via copyright deposit starting inadministrative rules and regulations,Blind and Physically fiscal 1999, and the Library requestsand legal interpretations must beHandicapped $476,378 to expand marking and tag-maintained to be of continuing value to The Library administers a 67-year- ging to other sources of acquisitions Congress. old cooperative effort with state and (i.e., gifts, exchanges, purchases). local agencies and the United States Contract Security Monitors. TheCopyright Office Postal Service to provide free braille Library is requesting an increase of The Library's Copyright Office pro-and recorded materials for blind and $370,188 to improve the enforcement of motes creativity and effective copy-physically handicapped persons. The security standards by placing securityright protection annually processingLibrary selects and produces full- monitors in five additional reading more than 650,000 claims (representing length books and magazines in braille rooms where unique materials often ofmore than 850,000 copies of worksand on recorded disc and cassette and great value are used Law, Geogra-transferred to the Library), of whichprovides special playback equipment. phy and Map, Music, Prints and Photo-550,000 claims are registered for copy-We distribute reading materials and graphs, and Rare Book and Special Col- right. The Copyright Office also re-playback machines to a network of co- lections. Contract security monitors aresponds annually to more than 395,000operating regional and subregional (lo- now used in the Manuscript and Mainrequests for information. cal) libraries, who circulate those mate- reading rooms to ensure that each pa- On July 1, 1999, the Copyright Officerials to eligible borrowers and returned tron is registered, enforce personal be-plans to increase its filing fees andto libraries by postage-free mail. longings restrictions, monitor the ac-other statutory fee services. The new The fiscal year 2000 budget main- tivitiesofvisitors, and examineschedule of proposed fees was pre-tains program services by funding materials being removed. The Library sented to Congress for consideration atmandatory pay and price level in- asks that this successful program be the beginning of February. The basic fil- creases totaling $1,209,000. The budget expanded to these five additional im-ing fee for registering a claim will in-also supports the exploration of alter- portant reading rooms. crease from $20 to $30, and other statu- native digital technological possibili- tory fees, such as those for filingties that would provide a less costly, Law Library renewals or recording a document, willmore efficient, internationally accept- The Law Library of Congress main- also increase. These increases, coupledable, user-friendly delivery system. tains the largest collection of legal ma- with the fee changes for special services terials in the world and also houses a which went into effect July 1, 1998, rep- Library Buildings and Grounds unique body of foreign-trained lawyers resent increases in some cases of as The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is to supply legal research and analysis, much as 225 percent. We expect fee in-responsible for the structural and me- primarily for the Congress, on the lawscreases to boost the Office's receipts bychanical care and maintenance of the of other nations, international law and $4.8 million in fiscal year 2000. The newLibrary's buildings and grounds.

60 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 64 In coordination with the Library, theNational Film Preservation and reimbursable funds. The 105th AOC has requested a capital budget ofFoundation Congress approved a revolving fund to $9,405,000, an increase of $6,238,000. The Library is requesting an increaseimprove the accountability and statu- The AOC capital budget includes fund-of $250,000 to fund the government'story basis for the Cooperative Acquisi- ing for six projects totaling $6,350,000 matching grant in accordance with sec-tions Program. We will be seeking simi- in appropriations, that were requested tion 209 of Public Law 104-285. To date, lar authority during this Congress to by the Library. Library-requestedthe National Film Preservation Foun- address the business operating needs projects, as well as AOC identifieddation has received pledges totalingof the Federal Research Division and projects, are prioritized based on criti- $1.2 million ($500,000 in actual receipts) FEDLINK, each of which serves a wide cal need and in accordance with bothfrom private persons and state and lo-constituency within the federal govern- the Library's Strategic and Security cal governments. The $250,000 increasement. The bill is our top legislative pri- Plans. The six projects support four im-would fund the government's match- ority for the 106th Congress. Passage of portant areas: ing share and support the preservationsuch legislation would address a criti- (1) the security of our collections by of our film heritage. cal element of our five-year legislative providing additional electronic card plan to improve and stabilize the Library's business operations. readers, alarm devices and other pro-James Madison tections ($1,400,000); Building Workstation (2) the preservation of the Library's Office of Inspector General collections as a result of improved en-Modernization Project The Library requests an increase of vironmental conditions for exhibit The Library is requesting an increase$139,343 to fund two professional audi- of $1,528,000 to begin a five-year accel- space ($450,000); tors in the Office of the Inspector Gen- (3) the support for and oversighterated workstation modernizationeral. The two auditors would concen- of initial construction efforts at the project in the James Madison Building. trate on reviews of the Library's National Audio-visual ConservationWe have replaced employee worksta-physical security and automated sys- tions in the Thomas Jefferson and John Center ($500,000); and tems, both areas of critical importance Adams buildings with modern furni-to our operations. (4) the acquisition of additional stor-ture and equipment as a result of the age space by funding a second collections storage module at Fort Meade,renovation project. The Library's Bicentennial Md. ($4,000,000). Properly storing the Furniture and equipment installed The Library will use its Bicentennial Library's collections in secure, safe and20 years ago in the James Madisonin the year 2000 less to celebrate our environmentally sound facilities is theBuilding, during an era of typewriterspast than to leave a legacy for the most important step toward preservingand long before the introduction of per-future. We have crafted almost our collections for future generations. sonal computers, must now be re-entirely with privately raised funds I urge the Committee to supportplaced to provide for ergonomicallya multifaceted Bicentennial Program the Architect's Library Buildings andcorrect workstations in all three of the "to inspire creativity in the years ahead Grounds budget and his position thatLibrary's Capitol Hill buildings. Poorby stimulating greater use of the Li- reinvestment in the existing infrastruc-workstation design contributes to thebrary of Congress and libraries every- ture is necessary and a prudentrisk of injuries and lower staff produc-where." Bicentennial projects include: measure for the long-term support oftivity. An increase is required to com-reconstituting Thomas Jefferson's legislative branch operations. plete the project within five years in-original library; a "Favorite Poem" stead of the 16-plus years the currentproject spearheaded by the Library's Audio-Visual Conservation level of resources would require. Poet Laureate; a national photography Center contest, "Beyond Words: Celebrating Proposed Legislation America's Libraries," jointly conducted The Library's House and Senate During the 105th Congress, thewith the American Library Associa- oversight committees have approvedLibrary's oversight and appropriationstion; and a "Local Legacies" project a Master Plan option for the renova-committees agreed upon authorizingto document unique local traditions tion of the National Audio-Visuallegislation for the American Folklifefrom congressional districts through- Conservation Center in Culpeper,Center (AFC) and the National Audio-out the nation for possible inclusion Va., which provides for the donor toVisual Conservation Center. The Li-in the American Folklife Center's retain ownership ofthecenterbrary is moving expeditiously to securecollections. through Phase I (2001). As a result,all appointments to the AFC board and The kick-off event later this year for the Library requests an increase ofto realize the master plan for thethe Bicentennial will be a symposium $290,000 to fund fiscal 2000 operat-Culpeper site approved last December. on the Frontiers of the Mind in the 21st ing costs, which are estimated to beDuring the last Congress, we also se-Century, which will bring together at $509,000. When ownership of thecured legislation for a commemorativethe Library leading thinkers in various center is transferred to the AOC,coin to be issued in April 2000 in obser- disciplines to talk about the way their these operating costs will be reallo-vance of the Library's Bicentennial. Infield will change in the 21st century. cated between the AOC and the Li-discussing the Library's plans for itsThe concept of "Gifts to the Nation" is brary, in accordance with normal Li-Bicentennial with our oversight com-central to the Bicentennial effort ... brary Buildings and Grounds budgetmittees, we stressed the continuing practices. In August 1998, the Libraryneed for the Library to have improved Ms. Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, began to store film at the center. statutory authority for its revolving the Library's staff newspaper.

MARCH 1999 61 6'5 News from the Center for the Book Hass to Host `River of Words' Programon May 8

Former Poet Laureate Robert Hass returns to the Library of Congress on Saturday, May 8, to moderate a program honoring the student winners of the fourth annual "River of Words" Environmental Poetry & Art Contest. The program, featuring a display of artworks by their creators and poetry readings by the winning authors, will take place at 2:30 p.m. in the Mumford Room on the sixth floor of the James Madi- son Memorial Building. It is free and open to the public. Mr. Hass co-founded River of Words with Pamela Michael, who serves as project director. The International Rivers Network and the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress are the cosponsors. The contest, which focuses on the theme of "watersheds," is open to young artists and poets from 5 to 19 years of age. Eight grand prizes, four in poetry and four in art, are awarded. The grand prize winners and one international winner receive a trip to Washington, accompanied by a parent. Last year, several thousand children in 44 states and 10 coun- Robert Hass and Pamela Michael con- tries submitted artwork and poems about their own natural surround- gratulate Alex Schneble, winner of a 1998 ings. State centers for the book in Arizona, Colorado and New MexicoGrand Prize for Art, at the Library of Con- are River of Words participants, and more state centers are expected to gress last year. become sponsors in the future. "This has been a record year for entries," said Ms. Michael. "There may be as many as 10,000. We won't know until the sorting ends." The deadline in the United States was Feb. 15; international entries were accepted until March 15. "We are trying to alert kids to the natural world and its connection to artistic expression and the human spirit," said Mr. Hass, who served as U.S. Poet Laureate from 1995 to 1997 and whose conference on "Wa- tersheds" at the Library of Congress helped inspire the River of Words poetry and art contest. Contest guidelines and booklets OF WORDS and a teacher's guide are available from River of Words, International Rivers Network, P.O. Box 4000-J, Berkeley, CA 94704, telephone: RONMENTAL POURY 21 POSTER CONTEST (510) 433-7020, fax: (510) 848-1008, e-mail: [email protected]. The River of Words Web site (www.irmorg) provides more information. It contains dozens of winning poems and works of art and a database of more than 4,000 community organizations that are potential partners for local River of Words projects. River of Words is supported by contributions from the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, the Center for Ecoliteracy, the Library of America, Magnetic Poetry, the Rhode Island Foundation, American Airlines and Robin and Marsha Williams. Previous prize-winning art includes (from upper right) "The Night," Alex Schneble (Grade2), Issaquah, Wash.; "Seeing the Pond from the Pipe," Emily Forbes (Kindergar- ten), Kennesaw, Ga.; "Key to the River," Jenni- fer Brisson (Grade 8), Clarkton, N.C.; "Water- shed of the Forest," Dina Bassin (Grade 10), Fair- lawn, N.J.

62 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 66 11, 0

'NI \vit.

Virginia Celebrates Its Au-Best-selling authors. More than 250 people attended thor David Bal- the first Library of Virginia Awards dacci and Virginia Honoring VirginiaAuthors andCenter for the cr. Friends, held on Sept. 19, 1998. The Li- Book Executive brary of Virginia, the Virginia Center Director Deborah for the Book and the Virginia Library Hocuttatthe Foundation were the sponsors. Center Library of Virginia fortheBook ProgramOfficer legislative recep- Maurvene D. Williams represented tion, Jan. 21,1999. the Library of Congress at the festivi- Mr. Baldacci is a ties. Poet Charles Wright, this year's member of VCB's ,44 winner of the Pulitzer Prize for poetry, advisory board. won the prize for fiction for Black Zodiac. Historian James I. Robertson Jr. received the nonfiction award for hisences bring award-winning Virginia More than 200 authors and thou- biography, Stonewall Jackson: The Man, authors to classrooms and statewidesands of book lovers took part in The Soldier, The Legend. The late Ellen audiences. Featured authors in 1998dozens of events and activities, in- Glasgow, a Richmonder who won thewere Mary Lee Settle and Charlescluding writing workshops, poetry Pulitzer Prize in 1941, was recognized Wright. On Jan. 20, 1999, Poet Laureatecontests, readings, panel discussions for her lifetime achievement. Each au-Robert Pinsky led an educational tele- and workshops. The panel "Women thor and a Glasgow representative re-conference with more than 100 second-Writing the West" was filmed by C- ceived awards of $1,000 as well as aary-school students. SPAN2 for its nationally broadcast crystal sculpture of a book. Richmond A recent development is the creation "BookTV" program. Chautauqua philanthropist Clinton Webb IV wasof regional Virginia Center for the Bookperformances presented by the Colo- honored for his contributions to theaffiliatesintheFairfaxCounty,rado Endowment for the Humanities Library of Virginia. Charlottesville and Virginia Beach ar-that featured performances and con- "It was a wonderful event and weeas. The center's "20th Century Vir-versations with great writers of the expect to top it with the second awards ginia Authors" map and brochure con- past, including Geoffrey Chaucer, ceremony on Sept. 18, 1999," said Vir-tinue to be popular tools for high-Mark Twain, Mary Wollstonecraft, ginia Center for the Book Executivelighting the state's literary heritage. It is Edna St. Vincent Millay, Malcolm X, Director Deborah L. Hocutt. available for $7 from the Library of Vir- James Thurber, Isabella Bird, Emily The Virginia Center for the Book'sginia Shop, telephone (804) 692-3524. Dickinson, Willa Cather and F. Scott mission is "to create a greater aware- For information about the VirginiaFitzgerald. Supporters of the festival ness and appreciation of books, read-Center for the Book and its activities,also included the Rocky Mountain ing and the literary heritage of thecontact executive director DeborahPublic Broadcasting Network, the commonwealth." With support fromHocutt, Library of Virginia, 800 E.Colorado State Library, Barnes & Librarian of Virginia Nolan Yelich, Ms. Broad St., Richmond, VA 23219, tele- Noble, Random House, The Denver Hocutt and the center's board of advis-phone (804) 692-4184, fax (804) 692-Post and The Bloomsbury Review. ers have undertaken several initiatives3736, e-mail: [email protected], For information about the Colo- to strengthen the Virginia Center forWeb site: leo.vsla.edu /center/rado Center for the Book and its ac- the Book and its statewide role. It iscenter.html. tivities, contact executive director actively involved in the annual Vir- Colorado Hosts the RockyChris Citron, 2123 Downing St., Den- ginia Festival of the Book. The VirginiaMountain Book Festival. In the Den-ver, CO 80205, telephone: (303) 839- Authors Room, dedicated on Nov. 6,ver Merchandise Mart on Nov. 7-8,8324, fax: (303) 839-8319, e-mail: 1997, helps preserve the state's literary1998, the Colorado Center for the Book,[email protected], Web site: heritage as does the Virginia Au-in collaboration with many statewidewww.aclin.org /- ccftb /. thors database. Interactive teleconfer-and local sponsors, presented the sixth annual Rocky Mountain Book Festival. INIA Maurvene Williams represented the Center for the Book. "A highlight was our presentation of the most extensive poetry program in the festival's history," said Colorado Center for the Book Director Chris Citron. "In addition to a Favorite Poem event, in collaboration with the Utah Arts Council, we undertook an unprecedented collaboration that brought together four T E R 0 the regional poets laureate for readings: Mary Crow [Colorado], Robert Rori- Colorado Center ISOK paugh [Wyoming], William Kloefkorn [Nebraska] and David Lee [Utah]." for the Book MARCH 1999 63 67 THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF AVE. PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FOR PRIVATEWASHINGTON, USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN thisIf you publication wish to be check removed here from the mailing list for ISSN 0041-7904 and return this page 02 20 308 005 addressto the above label address. and return. If change is required enter on Er4-194CISyr icSyracuse JE Clearcuss Coordinator Center inghouse for Univ NY 13244-4100 Sci & Tech on Info/Tech 68 BEST COPY AVAILA E 69 LIBBAlly (.)1, coNCBESS BICENTENNIAL The LIBRARYofCONGRESS

LIBRAIIII,,S CIWATIVIT)' 1.IBERT1'------loS1 Info rmato Stacey516 -6/1 Joan Stacey ORYX Vol. 58, No. 4 1999

The Alexander Graham Bell Papers BEST COPY AVAILABLE 7 0 !ABRAM' 01' 1M:it ESS InformationThe LIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin 1.11SItARII:S CREATI1'IT1' LIBERTY. JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 4 April 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Alexander Graham Bell and his letters, diagrams and other papers have made their debut on the Library's American Memory Web site. Photo collage by Andrea Greenwood and Dominique Pickett/National Digital Library Program Cover Story: The National Digital Library Program has unveiled its first installment of the on-line papers of American inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Samuel F.B. Morse. 76 Bringing It Home:The Library has invited all Americans to participate in its 200th anniversary through the unique Local Legacies project. 67 Large Contribution from a Small Nation:Luxembourg's ambassador to the United States has presented the Library with 100 books from her country. 69 Reflections on the Sesquicentennial:As the Library looks ahead to its Bicentennial year in 2000, we recall the special events and exhibitions held during our 150th anniversary in 1950. 70 Hoop Dreams:WNBA superstar Nikki McCray of the Washington Mystics delivered the keynote address for the Library's Women's History Month. 74 Strugglingfor Recognition:Founders of the Vietnam Women's Memorial described their fight to honor female veterans of the conflict. 75 74An Advocate of Humanitarianism:Sadako Ogata, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, delivered the annual Mansfield Pacific American lecture at the Library March 10. 80 Battling Stroke:The story of a college student who cannot move or speak has been recorded on audiotape by the NLS. 82 Intellectual Freedom:The Library hosted the spring Federal Librarians Round Table (FLRT) March 15. 83 `Votes for Women!':The Library's extensive collection of scrapbooks detailing the women's suffrage movement in the U.S. was the subject of a Library "Treasure-Talk" March 17. 84 v News from the Center for the Book 86

75 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov /today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 86 JOHN H. SAYERS, Production

BEST COPYAVAILAKE 71 BICENTENNIAL CORNER Local Legacies Take Part in Library's Bicentennial 1.1 BRA ItY OF CONCRESS 1800-2000

BY GUY LAMOLINARA In April 2000, the Library of Congress will be 200. One of the keystones of the Library's celebration of its Bicentennial is the Local Legacies project. The Library would like to invite all Americans to participate in honoring not just the Library of Congress but all libraries and the important role they play in 0 community life. Is there a parade, rodeo, music festival, craft or other event or activity that is unique to your community and worthy of preservation? Working through their members of Congress, Americans across the nation are participating in an unprecedented effort sponsored by the Library of Congress to document Lisa Ornstein unique traditions and place that documentation in theFrom the collections of the American Folklife Cen- collections of the Library's American Folklife Center. These ter: Following the "Acadian Mass," members of traditions can be recorded in photographs, as sound orSt. David Church in St. David, Maine, carry family video recordings, or on paper. banners to the place on the St. John River where Called Local Legacies, the project is one of the programsAcadians first landed in the region. that the Library is sponsoring as part of its Bicentennial in 2000 (see the Web site at www.loc.govfbicentennial). Dr. Billington has extended an invitation to all Americans to participate in Local Legacies. Working through their L I member of Congress, Local Legacies volunteers will document their local culture and deposit portions of the documentation in the collections of the Library's American 4c, Folklife Center. "The Local Legacies archives will serve future generations of Americans as a reminder of the impor- 5 tance of preserving our national culture," the Librarian said. Libraries will play an important role in Local Legacies. // Many libraries will either suggest projects or assist in research and documentation. Also, it is hoped that state and community libraries will house the entire documenta- r tion project, as the Library of Congress will only receive a Myron Wood selection of the materials, because of space limitations. Women arrange food on a St. Joseph's Day table at Anyone who is interested in suggesting a Local Legaciesthe Shrine of Saint Therese in Pueblo, Colo.

1" MCI

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Carl Fleischhauer Dorothy Sara Lee Evening dance at the volunteer firemen's barbecue in Paradise Valley, Nev.; grand entry at the Omaha Tribal Powwow in Macy, Neb.

APRIL 1999 67 lot4 9 '4 project or working on one that is under way should contact the Library's Bicentennial Program Office at (202) 707-2000; toll free (800) 707-7145; e-mail: [email protected]. Local Legacies proposals include: Documenting the collaboration of African American and Native American musicians in Montana as they work on a musical score; recording events at the Ostrich Festival in Arizona and the Patsy Cline Festival in Virginia; tracing the route of the Underground Railroad; photographing a Hispanic Day parade in New Jersey; and taping a clogging dance in western North Carolina. "We are not seeking professional folklorists in this project," said Peter Bartis, a folklorist in the American Folk life Center and the Local Legacies project director. According to Mr. Bartis, more than 100 projects have already been proposed by citizens to their member of Con- gress. The projects reflect the broad diversity of the nation. In May 2000, all participants and members of Congress will be invited to the Library of Congress to celebrate their James Hardin contributions to recording American customs at the end of Bicentennial Program Office staff get ready to mail the century. out Local Legacies packets.

k.-44

Reid Baker Lucy Long Mattie Johnson and the Stars of Faith perform on the Library of Congress's Neptune Plaza; Korean dance students, ready to perform at a Silver Spring, Md., nursing home.

Want to Get Involved in a Local Legacies Project? Many people have already committed to a Local Legacies project in their community. If you are interested in documenting a local tradition, cultural activity or event, contact the Library's Bicentennial Program Office at (202) 707-2000; toll free (800) 707-7145; e-mail: [email protected]. You can also fax this form to: (202) 707-7440. Someone from the staff will advise you and put you in contact with the Local Legacies congressional staff liaison in your area. Name

Phone (w) (h) E-mail Brief Description of Your Local Legacy Project:

68 7 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN z A Luxembourg Sampler rlt Ambassador Conzemius Presents Library with 100 Books

BY ERIC SOLSTEN Arlette Conzemius, Luxembourg's ambassador to Washington, met with Dr. Billington March 1 in the European Reading Room to present the Library with 100 books from her country. Ambassador Conzemius and Dr. Billington also viewed a display in the European Reading Room of maps and books that show Luxembourg's history and the development of a literature in Luxembourgish, the country's national language. Luxembourg was founded in 963 and its language had its origins in the migrations of Germanic tribes during the third and fourth centuries A.D. into the areas now A occupied by modern Luxembourg. Despite this venerable past, the language spoken by the people of Luxem- bourg rarely appeared in written form. Instead, Lux- embourgers used German and French for written communication. i This began to change in the middle of the 19th century, when Edmond de la Fontaine (1823-91), writing under - the pen name Dicks, began using Luxembourgish for plays, lyric poetry, satire and popular song. Two other Lorenzo Wright writers of the period, Michel Rodange (1827-76), andArlette Conzemius, Luxembourg's Ambassador to the Michel Lentz (1820-93), also wrote poetry and song inUnited States, and Dr. Billington examine books do- Luxembourgish. Rodange's most important work, Denated to the Library of Congress by the Luxembourg Renert, is an epic satire of Luxembourg's life and peopleMinistry of Culture. in the 1870s. One of Lentz's poems eventually became the Luxembourg national anthem, "Ons Hemecht." The cently shown at the Kennedy Center. Also on display are works three writers' songs and poems are known and loved byby Dicks and Rodange and a dictionary of Luxembourgish, all Luxembourgers and they are regarded as thepublished in installments between 1950 and 1975. founders of Luxembourgish literature. The growing importance of written Luxembourgish was for- The last few decades have seen the emergence of a newmalized by a vote in the parliament of Luxembourg in 1984 generation of writers using Luxembourgish. They workthat designated it the country's national language. The parlia- in a variety of forms: drama, novels, nonfiction, detective ment also stipulated that although legislation will continue to stories and poetry. The display in the European Readingbe in French, all other administrative or judicial acts could Room has examples of this literary upsurge: novels bybe written in Luxembourgish, French or German. This tri- Georges Hausemer and Josy Braun; a collection of essayslingualism in administrative matters is reflected in daily life in for Roger Mandersheid, one of Luxembourg's most pro-Luxembourg, where individuals are free to use the language lific writers; and four plays, one of which, Fresch Bestued of their choice. The new status that the national language (Newly Wed) by Ernst Binder, was made into a film re- enjoys in Luxembourg is not unique to this country. Elsewhere in Europe, previously neglected or suppressed lan- 161Greisch 2sinffivum WISS guages are also experienc- ing a renaissance as regions POE GREISCH within countries seek to re- establish roots with the past. The display, "Language and History: Luxembourg Books in the Library of Con- gress," will remain on view in Addi Charel the European Reading Room in Besuch the Thomas Jefferson Building until late June. E Steck Streisel ENC TRI LOGI E Mr. Solsten is a reference librarian in the European erKapuzinert heater Division.

APRIL 1999 69 op

Looking Back to Look Ahead How the Library Celebrated its Sesquicentennial in 1950

BY JOHN Y. COLE in the LC Information Bulletin. Infor-every stage; he also chronicled it Ayear from now, April 24, 2000, the mation is also available on the Bicen-throughout the year in the pages of the Library of Congress will mark itstennial home page at www.loc.gov/ Library of Congress Information Bulletin Bicentennial as the nation's oldest fed-bicentennial. and in the Library's 1950 annual report. eral cultural institution. The Library With the forthcoming commemora- In 1950 the institution occupied has developed an 18-month programtion in mind, the Library's only othertwo buildings, today's Jefferson and of Bicentennial activities aimed atcelebration of a similar historical mile- Adams buildings, and had a staff of increasing the Library's national vis-stone its sesquicentennial in 1950 approximately 1,500 (compared with ibility and inspiring creativity in theis worth revisiting. The Library of Con- today's three buildings and full-time years ahead "by stimulating greatergress was a much smaller institutionstaff of 4,076). The collections num- use of the Library of Congress and li-then. Yet, the accomplishments of thebered approximately 30 million (to- braries everywhere." The program is day: 115 million) and the annual ap- funded principally by the Madison propriation was $8 million (today: Council, the Library's private-sector $363.6 million). Microfilming was the support group. exciting new technology that had As one of its Bicentennial gifts to captured everyone's imagination, the nation, the Library, in collabora- and the expansion of the tion with other institutions, will Library's microfilming program make available 5 million items on in 1950 was heralded in the an- its widely acclaimed Web site nual report as the outstanding (www.loc.gov), which handles achievement of the year. more than 3 million transactions every working day. These elec- The 1949 Intermission tronic items, to be found in the Broadcast Radio Series American Memory collections, ful- As a prelude to the sesquicen- fill one of the principal goals of the tennial, from Oct. 7 through Bicentennial: to make the Library's Dec. 18, 1949, Evans, Clapp and collections as accessible as possible Meares discussed the Library's to as many people as possible. history in a series of 11 broad- The Local Legacies program is casts on WQQW -FM radio dur- involving Americans across the ing the 15-minute intermission country in documenting their period in the Library's Coolidge unique local traditions for inclu- Auditorium chamber music sion in the collections of the concert series (see LC Informa- Library's American Folk life Center. tion Bulletin, Jan. 9, 1950, page 11). A selection of their documentation will join the largest folklife archives in The Great Hall Reception the country. 1950 commemoration helped inspire The sesquicentennial was formally A commemorative stamp and coinsthe more comprehensive Bicentenniallaunched on the Library's 150th birth- will be issued on April 24, 2000, by the program that is now unfolding at theday, with a reception in the Great Hall Postal Service and U.S. Mint. LibrariesLibrary and across the nation. on April 24, 1950. Approximately 2,600 are being asked to hold second-day The Librarian of Congress in 1950guests attended the gathering, which cancellation events for the stamp andwas Luther H. Evans, a forthrightwas sponsored and financed by the invite their patrons to celebrate theTexan appointed by President HarryLibrary's Welfare and Recreation Asso- 200th birthday of the national library. Truman in 1945. Evans believed thatciation. The association received sub- Thomas Jefferson's original librarythe Library should expand its nationalstantial help from the Library's Cook- the seed of the Library of Congressrole, and he unabashedly used the ses- ing Club. "For the benefit of successors present-day collections will be re-quicentennial for this purpose. In thewho fifty years hence will be con- constituted through private donations. endeavor, he was enthusiasticallyfronted with a similar gastronomical And publications, exhibitions andhelped by chief assistant librariansituation," the Library's 1950 annual symposia will illuminate the rare andVerner W. Clapp; assistant librarianreport presented the "consumption" unique materials that the Library hasDavid C. Mearns; exhibits officerstatistics, which included 500 dozen held in trust for the nation for nearlyHerbert J. Sanborn; and informationrolls, 33 Vienna loaves, 60 pounds of two centuries. officer Milton J. Plumb Jr. As theham, 56 pounds of turkey, 2,200 meat- Details of the Bicentennial pro-Library's historian, Mearns was in-balls, 2,500 cheese straws, 25 pounds of gram will be highlighted each monthvolved with the sesquicentennial atbanana chips and 12,000 cookies.

70 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 75 a, _,/

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In the sesquicentennial receiving line on April 24, 1950, Librarian Emeri- tus Herbert Putnam (left) greeted J. Christian Bay, Librarian Emeritus of the John Crerar Library, as Librarian Luther Evans and Mrs. Evans look on; Library employee Mary Louise Nettles's three daughters, in pink hoop skirts; Joseph Reason (right), librarian of Howard University, greeted Library Director of Personnel Jacob Mason; Sen. Clinton Anderson (D- N.M.) (right) shook hands with Assistant Librarian David Mearns; Francisco Aguilera of the Hispanic Division, Haitian Ambassador Joseph Charles and Haitian National Library Director Max Bissainthe spoke with Dr. Evans.

People began arriving at 4 p.m. and for the Library's collections. did not leave until well after 7. Librar- The third exhibition com- ian Evans was a cordial and animatedmemorated the sesquicentennial presence in the 12-person receivingof the transfer of the nation's line. In his description of the receptioncapital to the District of Colum- in the May 1, 1950, issue of the Infor-bia. It was part of a series of ex- mation Bulletin, assistant librarianhibitions initiated by Evans that Mearns, in typical tongue-in-cheekmarked significant anniversaries fashion, noted that "fault-finders" of American states or territories. would probably say that Evans's behavior "was deficient in that aloofnessNewspaper Coverage of the of manner and rudeness of bearingOpening Events and general superciliousness which a The (Washington) Sunday Star grateful people have a right to expecton April 23 carried a well-illus- of their public servants." For a brieftrated story, "Sesquicentennial period, the 89-year old Librarian ofExhibitions," in its magazine Congress Emeritus Herbert Putnamsection. Editorials congratulat- joined the receiving line. ing the Library and attesting to the institution's value ap- Exhibitions peared in The Washington Post Three sesquicentennial exhibitions(April 24) and The New York were opened on April 24 in conjunc-Times (April 24). The sesquicen- tion with the reception. The principaltennial reception was described exhibit, which illustrated the first 150in articles on April 25 in The years of the Library's history, was onChristian Science Monitor, The the Jefferson Building's ground floor. Washington Post, The Baltimore The eighth annual National Exhibi-Sun and The Evening Star. tion of Prints opened on the first floor. A competitive show supported by theLibrary of Congress Pennell Fund, the exhibition displayed Publications 199 prints by 184 artists. As in past years, President Truman's sesquicen- a number of the works were purchasedtennial greeting is the preface to

APRIL 1999 71 '7 6 h 0

Chinese work, Tu Hsiu Ts'ung Chu, was presented by a former Chinese ambassador to the United States. Li- brarian and collector J. Christian Bay also presented the Library with a rare manuscript, dated 1594. Concerts In April 1950, the Music Division, with support from the Whittall Foundation, presented two notable concerts in honor of the Library's sesquicentennial. Rudolf Serkin presented a piano recital on April 14. On April 27, Clifford Curzon and the Budapest String Quartet presented a program of piano quintets.

President Harry Truman becomes the first president to deliver an A People's Celebration address at the Library on May 17, 1950, on the event of the publication On April 26, Librarian Evans and of the first volume of Jefferson's papers. With the president are Chiefseveral colleagues journeyed to Bal- Assistant Librarian Verner Clapp, Gen. George Marshall and Haroldtimore for ceremonies at the Enoch Dodds, president of Princeton University. Pratt Free Library and a luncheon at the Emerson Hotel honoring the the handsome, 38-page illustrated cata- The November issue of the Quar-Library of Congress. Representative log of the exhibit commemoratingterly Journal of Current Acquisitionslibrarians, scholars and citizens from the 150th anniversary of the Library'swas devoted to a series of essays onthroughout Maryland attended the establishment. Truman expresses con-the Library's resources for the studyluncheon, which was sponsored by fidence "that the spirit of Thomasof Americana from the period of dis-the Advertising Club of Baltimore. Jefferson joins me in congratulating the covery and settlement to the close ofThe luncheon speeches were broad- American people upon their Library'sthe year 1800. cast live on radio and later rebroad- sesquicentennial." Meams contributed cast on stations throughout the Balti- a brief introduction to the publication,Gifts to the Nation more-Washington area. which features various Library of Con- On April 24, members of the family The special, eight-page, April 26, gress seals on its cover. The catalog forof Gen. Henry Ma rtyn Robert pre-1950, issue of the Advertising Club's the exhibition marking the sesquicen-sented to the Library documentsnewsletter Copy focused on bio- tennial of the District of Columbia, stillassociated with the beginnings ofgraphical descriptions, with pictures, in press when the exhibit opened, is to-the American parliamentary classicof "Who's Who" in the Library of day a collector's item. Robert's Rules of Order. A rareCongress. AovERT,sorwmulliEmm CLUB OF L3J, - . . uo:.1=," 4.0.o Ma COPY] Special Edition of COPY in Tribute To The

FIRST PEOPLES CELEBRATION" CHI ..... Library of Congress Sesquicentennial migm :11 lbe 150th Ann,l,operrmilf9Ze library Mitts 250 Miles of Civilization lig - - SHE VERY REVEREND DR. FRANCIS I. TALBOT, S. J. rsty rnsie.e ... SERVE so MASI. el CEREMONIES OF nos MOST NONORID CU.( BM DON TRIO

-PEOPLE S CII (ORATION' of Um LISIUR1 OF CONGA. SISOUICINIENNIAL 4 AO...4 w NATIONAL CIVIC:MINDED LEAGUE. Inc. ,2,771 1.1t. ,-, 1.. IIATTIN, WILLIAM F ;,1 SESQUICENTENNIAL Ia. ..I.. 1 A special edition of Copy, the newsletter of the Baltimore Advertising Club, recognizing the Library's anniversary; the program covers of two Library exhibitions, one on the Library's 150-year history and the other on the sesquicentennial of the transfer of the nation's capital to the District of Columbia.

72 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BESTCOPYAVAILABLE 7 7 tr 0

Reenactment of Mr. Lincoln's sources it can command to Assassination cooperate with the Library of The third annual meeting of the Na- Congress." Rep. Carl Albert tional Society of Autograph Collectors(D-Okla.), a member of the was held at the Library on May 1 andJoint Committee on the Li- 2, 1950, "in honor of the Library'sbrary,summarizedthe birthday." Lectures, panel discussionsLibrary's history. Noting its and an exhibition were part of the oc-national role, he also stated casion. But the highlight was a reenact-that "it would be easier to ment, in the Coolidge Auditorium, ofchange the name of Arkan- the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.sas than to change the name According to the detailed and enthusi-of the Library of Congress!" astic description by Lincoln expert Librarian Evans presented Mearns in the Library's 1950 annuala concise overview of the ac- report, the performance "was morecomplishments of his prede- than exciting, more than moving; itcessors and described "the was history re-created and enlight-duties and requirements" of ened with reality." the institution "if it is to grow up with the world." Looking Publication of Jefferson's Papers ahead, he saw a "new role In a sesquicentennial-related event,in adult education" for the t.j,, on May 17, 1950, the Library hosted cer-Library, particularly through 1111, 71t , emonies marking the publication of thetraveling exhibitions and the Dr. Evans (right) presents Librarian Emeri- first volume of The Papers of Thomas use of other media, especially tus Putnam with a recording of remarks from Jefferson by Princeton University Press. radio but also television a a ceremony marking the 59th anniversary of The speakers included Harold Dodd,technology then in its infancy. Putnam's association with the Library. president of Princeton University; biog- The master of ceremonies rapher and historian Douglas Southallthen announced a final "surprise"and "The Organization of the Collec- Freeman; Gen. George C. Marshall,speaker: Librarian Emeritus Putnam, tions (Oct. 1950, pp. 235-58). president of the American Red Cross;who, not surprisingly, received a and President Truman. Truman thusstanding ovation when he walked toFormal Tributes became the first president to deliver anthe podium. In his brief and witty re- Throughout the year, the Library en- address at the Library of Congress. marks, he observed that it was morecouraged statements of greeting from agreeable to "listen to a eulogy than toprofessional organizations, libraries Dinner at the Hotel Mayflower be the object of an elegy," and thatand individuals. Many such statements About 150 people attended a climac- "I am contemporary with my ownwere presented at the April 24 recep- tic, celebratory dinner honoring theposterity." He concluded with a tributetion, the Dec. 12 dinner and at other Library near the end of its sesquicen-to his "valiant and persistent" prede- events. The major library and scholarly tennial anniversary. This formal eventcessor as Librarian, Ainsworth Randassociations passed resolutions and so was held at Washington's Hotel May-Spofford, and then posed for photo-did many of their specialized groups, flower on Dec. 12, 1950. The printedgraphs with Librarian Evans. such as the American Library Asso- program lists attendees representing ciation's Division of Cataloging and no less than 94 professional, learnedMedia Attention Classification. The division's tribute to and scientific societies and institutions One of the most widely read articles the pioneering work in technical pro- from the American Academy of Artsabout the Library in its sesquicenten-cessing included "the many catalogers and Sciences to Yale University. Thenial year, titled "The Darndest Place inand classifiers of LC whose names we master of ceremonies was Milton E.Washington" and written by Henrymay not know but whose daily work Lord, retiring president of the Ameri-and Katharine Pringle, was publishedand loyal interest have made possible can Library Association. The firstin the August 19, 1950, issue of the Sat- LC's outstanding accomplishments." speaker, Robert B. Downs, director ofurday Evening Post. Professional jour- The Information Bulletin for May 1, the University of Illinois library, speak-nals also took advantage of the oppor- 1950, reproduced excerpts of messages ing "for the libraries of the Unitedtunity to feature the Library and itsreceived from prominent librarians States," expressed appreciation for thecollections. The periodical Antiquarianaround the country. The last one came Library's past contributions, "admira-Bookman dedicated its issue for Aprilfrom Donald Coney of the University tion and full endorsement of its present29, 1950, "to our National Library inof California at Berkeley: "Take heart! activities and assurance of our faithhonor of 150 years of service." Dan M.The first 150 years are the hardest." and whole-hearted support for theLacy, who became deputy chief assis- future." Next, Charles E. Odegaard, ex-tant librarian on Oct. 20, 1950, made an Center for the Book Director John Cole ecutive director of the American Coun-important contribution to Library his- is co-chair, with Chief of Staff Jo Ann cil of Learned Societies, stated that the tory through two articles that wereJenkins, of the Bicentennial Steering Library "enjoys on its sesquicentennialpublished in the Library Quarterly. Committee. Josephus Nelson, Manu- a devoted, learned and scientific con-They described "The Development ofscript Division, assisted in the prepar- stituency which will use whatever re- the Collections (July 1950, pp. 157-79) ation of this article.

APRIL 1999 73 0

She Got Game WNBA's Nikki McCray Keynotes Women's History Month

BY AUDREY FISCHER "I will never forget what we did Nikki Mc Cray, team captain for here in our nation's capital last the Women's National Basket- summer," said Ms. McCray. "The ball Association (WNBA) Wash- Washington Mystics put our stamp ington Mystics, kicked off the on women's sports history as the Library's 1999 Women's History first professional women's basket- Month celebration on March 3 with ball team to call Washington, D.C., a keynote address that entertained our home." and inspired. The theme of this 47. Tipper Gore, Justice Sandra Day year's celebration is "Women Put- O'Connor, Sen. Barbara Mikulski ting Our Stamp on America." (D-Md.), Secretary of Health and Flanked by the Rosedale Tiger Human Services Donna Shalala Cheerleaders, Ms. Mc Cray was and other notable women were all greeted by a crowd of enthusias- in attendance during the season tic fans. opener on June 19, 1998. "This is an amazing honor that Quoting some statistics pro- would not have been possible five vided by Secretary Shalala, Ms. years ago," said Ms. Mc Cray, refer- McCray reported that regular ring to the status of women in physical activity can decrease sports. "The WNBA also stands for stress and depression, improve 'women are now being acknowl- body image and self-confidence edged,'" she quipped. and improve academic perfor- In discussing her career in a non- mance and graduation rates. Yet traditional field for women, Ms. young girls are still twice as likely Mc Cray acknowledged her debt to to be inactive as young boys. On a those who have paved the way. positive note, the number of fe- Women such as tennis great Billie males who frequently play bas- Jean King, Olympic track star ketball increased 73 percent be- Wilma Rudolph and University of Nikki McCray tween 1987 and 1997. Tennessee Lady Volunteers Coach "You all better join my favorite Pat Summit inspired her but did not versity of Tennessee and gain the expo-season ticket holder, Donna Shalala, provide a female figure after which tosure to play in the Olympics." and get your tickets now," joked Ms. pattern her game. Instead, she turned After graduating from the Univer-McCray, who promised an exciting to basketball legend Michael Jordan. sity of Tennessee in 1995 with a de-1999 season. Displaying her character- "Girls today are fortunate to begree in sports marketing and educa-istic wit and enthusiasm, she said, spending less energy proving theytion, Ms. McCray played for the 1996"Some say we can't win a champion- have a right to play and more energygold-medal-winning U.S. Olympicship, but I'm about to show them. focusing on their game," said Ms.women's basketball team. In 1997 sheWhen a girl today is told 'You can't McCray. "They see women playingwas named the American Basketballmake that shot, you're a girl,' she will basketball on television and seeLeague's (ABL) most valuable player,say in return, 'You bet I can, I've got WNBA players in commercials and inhaving led the ABL Columbus Questmy Nikki McCray shoes on. '" their communities. They can buyto a league championship. She was a On a more serious note, Ms. McCray women's basketball signature shoes,member of the gold-medal-winningexpressed her desire to be the type of such as my shoe, or those of other U.S. National team at the 1998 Interna-athlete who has a positive impact on marquis players in the league." tional Basketball Federation Women'syoung people. "If my playing profes- Displaying a keen sense of history, World Championship in Germany. sional basketball inspires a girl to want Ms. McCray observed, "My timing Ms. McCray signed with the WNBA to play sports, then I know I am mak- was fortunate. I was born in 1972, thein 1998, and was the first player se-ing a positive difference." same year Title IX passed." Title IX oflected for the Washington Mystics that In closing, Ms. McCray quoted Psalm the Education Amendments of 1972same year. During their inaugural sea-40. "Doing God's will sometimes prohibits discrimination on the basis ofson, the Mystics led the league in at-means waiting patiently." She added, sex in education programs receivingtendance with an average of 16,000"We as women have waited. Now is federal financial assistance. "Twenty-fans per game, and two sell-outa new beginning of our glory." three years later, with the assistance ofcrowds of 20,000 the largest number Title IX, I had the opportunity to playever to attend a professional women'sMs. Fischer is a public affairs specialist basketball and graduate from the Uni-basketball game in the United States. in the Public Affairs Office.

74 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 79 z Completing the Circle of Healing The Struggle for the Vietnam Women's Memorial

BY AUDREY FISCHER decision-making in the interests of the Using the metaphor of scaling ahuman race and putting our stamp on mountain summit, Diane Carl-the next century, lest we repeat the son Evans, Vietnam Women's Memo-brutality of this one." rial Project founder and board of direc- As a nurse supporting the 4th Infan- tors chair, described her battle totry Division in the Central Highlands secure a monument for the 10,000 of Pleiku, Vietnam, in 1969, Ms. Evans women who served in Vietnam. experienced the brutality firsthand. Ms. Evans and her colleague,According to Ms. Evans, there were retired Army Col. A. Jane Carson,more amputations during the Vietnam discussed women's patriotic service War than World War II and Korea com- at a March 9 program sponsored bybined. But these operations were per- the Library's 1999 Women's Historyformed by medical personnel who Month Committee. saved 350,000 lives that might other- Invoking this year's women's his-wise have been lost. tory month theme "Women Putting While nurses were instrumental in Our Stamp on America" Ms. Evansthe 98 percent survival rate of the said, "Each summit we achieve is awounded, they returned home to anti- stamp on America and a higher placewar protesters who characterized their for our daughters from which to ad-efforts as "oil for the war machine." vance. At every peak we must examine Worse yet, they were told by their gov- Diane Carlson Evans the progress made in knowledge and ernment that they did not deserve a in practice, discover and assess the im- medal just for doing their job, she said. Upon learning of Frederick Hart's portant truths about ... what equalNinety percent of the women whostatue portraying three infantrymen rights for women really means. Cer-served in Vietnam were in the healththat was placed near the Vietnam Vet- tainly it means equal responsibility for care field. erans Memorial in 1984, Ms. Evans felt the need "to complete the circle of healing" with a monument honoring :AP women veterans. That same year, she founded the Vietnam Women's Memo- AI rial Project with a goal of building an appropriate monument in the nation's capital and educating the public on the important role women played during the conflict. Little did she know that she was stepping into another minefield. "I was naive, and that was good," Ms. Evans said. "Had I known what I would face, I never would have begun." According to Ms. Evans, the grassroots movement for a monument was met with a vicious counterattack from all walks of life, including Vietnam Vet- erans Memorial designer Maya Lin. Most damaging was a strongly worded letter of opposition from Secretary of the Navy James Webb to the Commis- sion of Fine Arts the gatekeeper to new memorials in Washington. "There will never be an addition of another statue at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial," wrote Secretary Webb. "All these special-interest groups want 1 .tv -11 Photo OD 1993 VWMP Inc.; Glenna Goodacre, Sculptor statues, including the K-9 Corps." The Vietnam Women's Memorial in Washington continued on page 87

APRIL 1999 75 o ; 80 o S.? A

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Alexander Graham Bell's notebook entry of March 10, 1876, describes his successful experiment with the telephone; Bell sits at the New York end of the first long-distance line to Chi- cago and inaugurates long-distance telephone service in 1892. `Mr. Watson, Come Here' First Release of Bell Papers Goes On-Line

BYLEONARD C. BRUNO a selection of approximately 38,000ing correspondence. The transcripts With the February release of its on- images, consisting of correspondence,for the correspondence are searchable. line version of a portion of thescientific notebooks, journals, blue- Upon completion of the Bell collection Alexander Graham Bell Family Pa-prints, articles and photographs docu-next year, similar work will begin on pers, the Library of Congress contin-menting Bell's invention of the tele-the digitization of the Morse Papers. ued a tradition of electronic communi-phone and his involvement in the first The major portion of the Alexander cation that began more than a century telephone company. The materials alsoGraham Bell Family Papers was do- ago with the first successful telephonechronicle his family life, interest in thenated to the Library by Bell's heirs in message: "Mr. Watsoncome here education of persons with hearing 1975. The papers were previously on I want to see you." impairments, and aeronautical anddeposit at the National Geographic These and other historic first trans-other scientific research. Society, where they were organized missions and the communication revo- This on-line presentation of the Belland maintained in a special location lutions they engendered are docu-Family Papers can be searched by key- called the Bell Room. mented in the manuscript holdings of word, subject, name and collection se- The collection of Bell Family Papers the Library of Congress. All Americansries (such as family correspondence oris divided into several archival series, recognize the simple but profoundlygeneral correspondence). Also offeredincluding Family Papers, General Cor- significant first messages sent byare five "Special Presentations" consist-respondence, Subject File, Laboratory Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)ing of selected collection highlights, a Notebooks, Article File and Speech in 1876 and a generation earlier timeline of Bell's life and achievements, File. The collection spans 1834-1970, by telegraph inventor Samuel F.B. a family tree with contemporary photo-with the bulk of the materials concen- Morse (1791-1872) "What hath Godgraphs, and essays on Bell as inventortrated during the period 1855-1922. wrought?" Now, anyone with Internetand on the relationship between the Among this huge collection (nearly access can examine a selection of the telephone and the telegraph. 150,000 items in the Manuscript Divi- Bell papers on the Library's American Efforts were made to preserve thesion) is a handwritten experimental Memory Web site at www.loc.gov. look of the original documents in thenotebook containing Bell's description With a generous grant from theelectronic versions, and the grayscaleof events as they occurred in his Bos- AT&T Foundation (see LC Information format used by the Library captures ton laboratory on March 10, 1876. His Bulletin, March 1999), the Library has and displays the diversity of tones inentry for that day tells of his successful begun a project to digitize significant manuscript papers as well as the vary- experiment with the telephone. Speak- portions of its Bell and Morse hold-ing nuances produced by handwritinging through the instrument to his assis- ings, starting with the larger of the twoin pencil or ink. Roughly half of thistant Watson in the next room, Bell re- collections, the Bell Family Papers. Thepresentation consists of original type-corded the famous, "Mr. Watson first release of Bell material comprises script letters and documents, includ-come hereI want to see you." These

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Letter from Bell to Mabel Hubbard Bell, 1875. A month before they became engaged to be married, Bell wrote Mabel Hubbard this letter, teasing her about her interest in "Woman's Rights"; brochure for Bell's School of Vo- cal Physiology, Boston, 1875; a model of Bell's first telephone; Bell with Helen Keller (seated) and Annie Sullivan, with whom he shared a longtime correspondence; invitation from Theodore Vail and AT&T to Bell to participate in AT&T's formal opening of the transcontinental telephone line on Jan. 25, 1915. words would inaugurate the nextThese handwritten jour- great revolution in communications. nals by Bell and his as- Later that day, Bell wrote proudly to sistants document more "Papa" of his accomplishments andthan 40 years of experi- announced "a great success." Aftermentation and research. describinghisexperimentwith In many ways, Alex- Watson, Bell goes on to predict, cor-anderGrahamBell rectly, that "the day is coming whencould be considered an telegraph [phone] wires will be laid onheir of Morse, having to houses just like water and gas worked first with the and friends will converse with eachtelegraph, seeking to other without leaving home." improve it and go be- The Bell Papers in the Manuscriptyond its marvels. In- Division are diverse in their reflection deed, Bell spent a con- of the varied interests, talents and even siderable amount of time trying to perfect the preoccupations of the great man him-"harmonic telegraph," which he hoped self. Besides the considerable collec-would send multiple messages at different tion of both family and general corre- pitches over the same wire. It was this respondence, other parts of his paperssearch that led him eventually to consider the are arranged by subject. While the tele- unheard-of notion that human speech itself phone naturally comprises a sizable rather than only dots and dashes of a code portion of this category, there are also could be transmitted electrically. Once Bell materials on such subjects as aviation, and his talented assistant, Thomas A. Watson, including the Aerial Experiment Asso-made the accidental discovery that only a ciation, which he and his wife, Mabel,continuous current (rather than Morse's formed, as well as on tetrahedral kites,pulses or interrupted current) could transmit hydrofoil boats, sheep breeding and ofvarying sound waves, it was only a matter of course, the deaf. This breadth of inter-time until he devised a functional telephone. est is also documented in the 135 Bell came from a family that was personally volume "Home Notes" and 75 vol-and professionally involved with all aspects umes of "Lab Notes" that he compiled. of sound, speech and hearing. Both his father

APRIL 1999 77 BEST COPY AVAILABLE b2 cY aof

VC? L'f!52,! 1141 K{C Ml 'Vogt,(I- CU.t V14- Page from Bell's 1876 notebook with design sketches for the telephone; letter from Bell to his son Alexander Melville Bell and wife Eliza

and grandfather were teachers oflarge collection of photographs docu- speech and elocution, and his wifements Bell's aeronautical research as as well as his mother were deaf. Aswell as his work on hydrofoils and an expert on speech and sound assheep breeding. Altogether, the Bell professor of "vocal physiology" atpapers and photographs comprise a Boston University, Bell came to real-major collection in the history of ize that just as the air vibrates withAmerican science and technology. the speaking voice, so too would The Library's collection of Samuel Bell, ca. 1910; Thomas Nast cartoona continuous current of electricityF.B. Morse Papers is also housed in the of Bell with Miss Liberty, possiblyvibrate with the tones of the humanManuscript Division and contains symbolizing the Supreme Court voice. Bell's early phone system em-more than 10,000 items. Given to decision of 1888 in Dolbear v. Ameri-ployed an electromagnet connectingthe Library of Congress by his son, can Bell Telephone Co., which up-two identical membranes, one ofEdward Lind Morse, and his grand- held Bell's telephone patents which would mimicdaughter, Leila Livingston Morse, the sound vibrationsbetween 1916 and 1944, the Morse col- (voice)sent by thelection has had other items added other when spokenthrough purchase and gift between into. 1922 and 1995. The Morse Papers span Like the Bell Papers,the years 1793-1944 and include per- the Gilbert H. Gros-sonal and professional correspon- venor Collection ofdence, diaries and notebooks, scrap- Photographs in thebooks, maps, handwritten religious Library's Prints andtracts and, of course, information on Photographs Divisionthe Morse code, his universally ac- centers on both the pri-cepted alphabet code of dots and vate and professionaldashes used to send and record tele- life of Bell and wouldgraphic messages. By far the most riv- serve both the histo-eting as well as historically significant rian and the biogra-item among this material is the origi- pher. Besides imagesnal paper tape of the first telegraphic of the Bell clan, friendsmessage, which contains not only the such as Helen Kellerraised dots and dashes but Morse's and the families linkedown signed and dated note in which by marriage thehe explains the accomplishments of Hubbards, Grosvenorsthat historic day. Morse's early tele- and Fairchilds thisgraph system produced a paper copy

78 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 83 Vzi

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whose raised dots and dashes werePortrait of telegraph inventor Samuel F.B. Morse, ca. 1910; posed re- later read by an operator. enactment of the sending of the first telegram with Annie Ellsworth, No less interesting however is theMorse (center) and two friends, taken between 1840 and 1850; Morse's correspondence contained in thegranddaughter Leila Livingston Morse prepares the original telegraph Morse Papers. Seven days after hisfor a ceremony commemorating its centennial in 1944. great success, Morse wrote to his brother, Sidney, in a circumspect andthe art worlds of New almost humble tone concerning whatYork and Europe for he thought were the responsibilitieswell over a decade, and that went along with success. Twiceit was not until 1832 in this letter he quotes the famed that he found what was message, sent on May 24, 1844,to be the focal point of "What hath God wrought?" and useshis life. Electrical exit to invoke his own deep religiousperimentation was all feelings. Later, he still is feeling thethe rage at this time, flush of success when he tells Sidneyand Morse was not ex- of a congressional opponent whoempt. With all the pas- later confessed, "It is an astonishingsion he had previously invention." devoted to painting, he pursued theAerial Experiment Association Morse also writes with remarkableidea of communicating over distancephotograph of the Silver Dart, foresight in October of the sameby means of electricity. With technical 1909. This aircraft performed best year, when he cautions his assistant,assistance given by Joseph Henry, the of the four planes built by the Bell- Alfred Vail, about the potential mis-first secretary of the newly formedied Aerial Experiment Association use of this new medium. MorseSmithsonian Institution, Morse even- (AEA); Bell later in life warns Vail to be scrupulous in re-tually constructed a telegraph that porting election results, saying "Ascould send messages over wires there is great interest taken, by thethrough a system of pulses or interrup- citizens generally of both politicaltions of current. His "Morse code," parties, in the results of the varioushowever, was a true inspiration, and elections occurring at this season,the system of dots and dashes he de- you will be especially careful not tovised made his system both simple give a partisan character to any infor-and efficient. mation you may transmit." He With the financial backing of a reluc- warns Vail above all never to trans-tant Congress, Morse sent his first tele- mit any rumors. This shows thatgraph message over lines connecting Morse early on had already gainedWashington and Baltimore. His now- considerable insight about the politi-famous message was suggested by cal aspects and potential pitfalls ofAnnie Ellsworth, the young daughter rapid communication. of a good friend, who had selected the Born in Charlestown, Mass., in 1791,quotation from the Bible (Numbers the son of a minister, Morse graduated23:23). Electricity had conquered dis- from Yale in 1810 and went to Englandtance for the first time, and the nation to study art and perfect his talent forwas literally abuzz. Even Morse was painting. Upon returning home, heshocked at the degree and extent of found he was unable to earn a living asenthusiasm he encountered. With this an artist. Nonetheless, he remained in continued on page 87

APRIL 1999 79 84 Global Humanitarianism UNHCR Sadako Ogata Speaks in Mansfield Lecture

BY YVONNE FRENCH Meanwhile, Japan The United States is at a "delicate junc- 1 and Japan should ture" in history. After form a humanitarian rebuildingitseco- partnership of global nomy to world power leadership to protect status in the 54 years the 23 million refugees since World War II, it in the world, U.N. hasfounderedin High Commissioner its current economic for Refugees Sadako crisis and "insuffi- Ogata proposed at the ciently responded to Library. its recent problems. Her comment came The crisishas hit towards the close of and seriously under- the Mansfield Pacific mined Japan's very American Lecture, source of strength held March 10. the economy. Its reac- Ms. Ogata was wel- tion can be described comed by Dr.Bill- almost as a paraly- ington, who said, "I sis," Ms. Ogata said. am very pleased that "The Japanese must the lecture is now be- not forget that not ing given at the Li- only their economy, brary of Congress." but also their political She was also wel- and security interests comed by Charles D. have a global base. It Ferris, chairman of the must now continue to board of the Maureen endorse an interna- and Mike Mansfield tionalist approach." Foundation, which co- Ms. Ogata said that sponsored the lecture /""r the Japanese felt by- withtheLibrary's 1 i passed by President Office of Scholarly / - Clinton'snine-day Programs.Former U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees Sadako Ogata visit to China last Sen. Mansfield (D- year, and the feeling Mont.), was Senate majority leader forfurther: They should be the drivingwas reinforced by subsequent criti- 16 years and served as ambassador to force behind the achievement of globalcism by the United States and China Japan from 1977 to 1988. His 96thpeace and prosperity." of Japanese financial policies. "In- birthday was March 16. However, she fears that the two na-deed, Japan today is increasingly be- Ms. Ogata was introduced bytions are increasingly turning inward.ing seen as contributing to the risk of Under Secretary of State for Political "I am very worried that the publica major world recession." Affairs Thomas R. Pickering, himselfcommitment of the United States to Both nations, she concluded, must a career ambassador, who noted sheprovide international leadership ischoose to be internationalist. "We is the first woman to hold the officereceding. Look at its elected repre-always speak of U.S.-Japan relations, of high commissioner for refugees. sentatives, its administration, its me-but we should think of U.S.-Japan Ms. Ogata asked the 200 people india, its civil society associations: withcommitments. This commitment to the audience, which included Minis-many notable exceptions, their focusinclusiveness has two facets: it must ter Kobayashi of the Embassy ofis often based on an internal politicalbe turned externally, toward less Japan, "Why not together set a com-agenda, and often an electoral one." developed countries, and internally, mon humanitarian agenda based on She continued: "In this context, thetoward the most vulnerable elements a joint commitment to global solidar-unpaid American-assessed contribu-of societies, especially minorities, ity toward refugees and other de-tions to the United Nations are amigrants, refugees and the deprived. prived people? very serious problem. ... They areIt must be directed toward working for "The United States and Japan canperceived as reflecting a diminishedthe realization of an inclusive inter- and should be essential to the world'sinterest in the international organi-national community, prosperous and wealth and stability. Let me go evenzation." secure, based on democratic values."

80 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 85 " jz A* rv«SS She said she knew it was un- people have been displaced to usual to include herself in the camps in Iran and Pakistan, title of the lecture "Japan, the she said. "More recently, con- United States and Myself: Glo- flicts in Kosovo and Sierra bal Challenges and Responsi- Leone dashed the hopes that bilities" but she wanted to the post-Cold War turmoil discuss Japan's evolution from would just be a transient ad- a personal vantage point be- justment period. cause she is not an expert. "I feel sad and frustrated Ms. Ogata has been High that so little attention is paid, Commissioner for Refugees for for example, to Sierra Leone," eight years. She is the great- said Ms. Ogata, who recently granddaughterof Japanese visited the country and three Prime Minister Inukai, who others in South Africa. "It is a was assassinated in 1932. As a good example of how a crisis child, she lived with her diplo- mounted. Nobody stopped matic family in the United the arms flow or the mercenar- States and China. She lived in ies. Somebody has to be more the United States again during attentive to that situation. the 1950s and early 1960s, when "There are enormous suffer- she studied the causes of World War II. the region, the country was not readying and casualties and catastrophes, She earned an M.A. in international re- to send forces to Operation Desertand I would like that to be taken note lations from Georgetown UniversityStorm. In the end, taxes were raised,of," said Ms. Ogata. "I feel I have to and a Ph.D. in political science fromand Tokyo contributed 13 billion U.S. appeal for more political attention." the University of California at Berke-dollars (more than its annual develop-She asked members of the media ley before concentrating on the studyment aid budget) to the effort. But,to write more about the refugees. of Japanese political and diplomaticmuch as there had been pressure on"These people are human and history at the University of Tokyo. HerJapan to contribute, there was atthey're suffering." dissertation is on the making of Japa-least from the Japanese point of view Past Mansfield American-Pacific lec- nese foreign policy in Manchuria in the very little international appreciationtures have included some of the most early 1930s. for a major effort." distinguished leaders in their fields: Her lecture focused on Japan's na- During the question-and-answerStephen Jay Gould, Harvard professor tional identity and international pres-period that followed the lecture, Ms.and acclaimed scientist; Hiroshi Inose, sures. She recalled early postwar Japan Ogata responded to a reporter forone of Japan's leading scientists; Cokie as a place of tremendous determina-Asahi Shimbun, the large JapaneseRoberts of ABC News (formerly of tion. "The country was eager to regaindaily newspaper, who asked whetherNational Public Radio); Ayako Sono, an honorable place in the world. It wasJapan's military should become moreaward-winning novelist and social also deeply antimilitary and antiwar."involved in peacekeeping. "I am notcritic; Robert Bellah, renowned phi- U.S.-Japan relations were close dur-a pacifist per se," she said. The onlylosopher; and Hayao Kawai, distin- ing the Cold War as the Japaneseway to repatriate refugees in aguished Jungian psychoanalyst. For economy grew three times faster thandisplacement as serious as that ineach lecture, the Mansfield Center for the United States' and Japanese man-Kosovo is diplomacy backed up byPacific Affairs selects an American and agement became an admired, studiedforce, she said. a Japanese speaker. They address the and imitated model. During the height of the Gulfsame subject this year, "National By the late 1980s, Japan had becomecrisis, Ms. Ogata was elected to herIdentity and International Pressures" the largest .creditor nation to thecurrent post. Her first field mission, in each other's capital. Their two United States, marking a turn inin April 1991, was a helicopter recon-speeches are published in a single vol- U.S.-Japanese relations. "When Japannaissance of the mountains betweenume. The American lecturer for Tokyo started purchasing U.S. governmentTurkey, Iran and northern Iraq,had not been confirmed at press time. bonds, substantial portions of real es-where more than 1 million Kurds The Mansfield Center directs the tate in Hawaii, and even Americanhad taken refuge in the fastest masspublic policy and international out- landmarks such as Rockefeller Centerexodus in contemporary history. Shereach functions of the Maureen in New York, it began to be perceivedalso mentioned the conflict in theand Mike Mansfield Foundation. as a threat to the United States ... andformer Yugoslavia, which displacedFounded in 1983, the foundation the United States began criticizing Ja-millions of civilians, and a new ex-is dedicated to building on Sen. pan for not sharing enough of theplosion of genocidal violence in theMansfield's lifelong efforts to bring world economic and financial burden.Great Lakes region of central Africa,about improvedrelationsand "This provoked a backlash in Japan.which caused the flight of millions ofgreater understanding between the A nationalistic, arrogant mood resur-people from Burundi and Rwanda.United States and Asia. faced." Ms. Ogata said the flash pointAnd following 10 years of fighting was the Gulf crisis. "Although 70 per-since the Soviets pulled out of Af- Ms. French is a public affairs specialist cent of Japan's oil imports were fromghanistan, more than 2.5 million in the Public Affairs Office.

APRIL 1999 81 BEST COPYAVAILABLE 66 Locked In But Free NLS Releases Audio Book by Stroke Survivor

The autobiographical story of Judyily and friends, Ms. Mozersky pub-from describing how she felt and what Mozersky, a college student who can-lished her book in which she and oth-she thought. not move or speak, has been recordeders detail her progress from hospital In the intervening years, Ms. Moz- on audio tape by the National Librarycare to the more stimulating environ-ersky has been rewarded by the fact Service for the Blind and Physicallyment of her Ottawa apartment. that her book clearly meant a great Handicapped of the Library of Con- Judy Mozersky was in her Cornelldeal to many of its readers, especially gress (NLS). dorm washing her long hair before anthose who share difficult situations. On Jan. 26, NLS released Locked In: A exam when she had the debilitatingShe continues to hear from Americans Young Woman's Battle with Stroke and stroke. In less than a year, she was us-and Canadians who want to let her honored Ms. Mozersky and her par- ing her hair in a ponytail to tie her headknow that such courage has inspired ents, Kenneth A. and Anne Mozerskyto the back of her wheelchair. them to confront their own disabilities at a special presentation in Ottawa, "I think one of the saddest human with similar courage. "That," says Ms. Canada. positions is with the head lowered,"Mozersky, "is why I am beginning to Ms. Mozersky, an NLS think it is time for a se- patron and dual citizen quel." of the United States and Fred Plum, chairman Canada, was greeted by of the Department of Ruth J. Foss, head of the Locoed Neurology and Neuro- Collection Development A Young Wet Ian's Battle wits Strok science at Cornell Uni- Section, which selected versity Med- the book, and Laura ical College, says in the Giannarelli, narrator book's foreword: "De- from the NLS Recording spite her devastating Studio, who recorded the paralysis, Judy has lost book, and listened to her neither her mental func- words on her NLS cas- tioning nor her upbeat, sette playback machine. young person's vibrant "It was such an in- curiosity and focus on spiring book to narrate the future." and was much more Ms. Mozersky closes upbeat than Iorigi- Judy Mozersky her book saying, "My nally had imagined," case is rare and unique, said Ms. Giannarelli. and no neurologist in the "My mother suffered a stroke whenshe wrote, reflecting on a time sheworld can tell me what my future will I was young, and I thought this wasspent in a hospital ward with otherbe. It is very frustrating not to know going to be very difficult to record.stroke victims. "So many inhabitantswhat to expect from life. I want to I thought I was going to cry. But Iof the floor had their heads lowered. know if I'll ever walk, if I'll ever talk. didn't, because Ms. Mozersky wroteThey were waiting to be fed or waitingUnfortunately, I was meant not to in such an uplifting way. She has to go to bed or something. They lookedknow. Yet I remain undaunted." such determination, and her bookdejected and pitiful and pathetic. I One of the first things her family focuses on coping and recovery. Hercouldn't hold up my head either, butdid was devise a way to communi- book is not a plea for sympathy. I feltpeople were always pushing it backcate with Ms. Mozersky, who could I knew Ms. Mozersky after I had fin-for me. I would later work on holdingmove only her eyes and one shoulder ished my narration." up my head with a physiotherapist.muscle. In 1990, Ms. Mozersky, a 19-year-oldMeanwhile the occupantional thera- "The alphabet was divided into Cornell junior, was "locked in" by anpists invented a method to hold myfour sections or quadrants. My spell- incapacitating brain-stem stroke thathead back. They tied my ponytail toing partner would name the four made her unable to move or speak butthe back of my wheelchair" wrote Ms.quadrants one, two, three, and left the thinking part of her brain in- Mozersky. four. I would look up for 'yes' when tact. In need of a way to communicate, Dictating the book and workingmy partner came to the quadrant that she and her parents explored a varietywith editors to prepare it for publica-I wanted. of systems. Eventually they devised tion took more than a year. Though of- "The first quadrant contained the a spelling system in which Ms.ten exhausted from the effort, Ms.letters 'A' through 'F.' The second Mozersky responds to portions of theMozersky was determined to explainquadrant contained the letters 'G' alphabet using eye blinks. that neither discomfort nor the uncer-through 'M.' The third quadrant con- Six years later, with the help of fam-tainty of the future could deter her continued on page 85

82 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 87 `Intellectual Freedom' FLRT Spring Program Features Symons

BY ANDREA MORRIS GRUHL 29-year career as a librarian, and 27 4T ntellectual Freedom" was Ameri-years of that has been working with can Library Association Presidentkids in schools." Ann Symons's theme at the Federal Each ALA President is to choose a Librarians Round Table (FLRT) Springtheme from among ALA's key action Program on March 15. areas. This former chair of ALA's Intel- About 100 people gathered in thelectual Freedom Committee chose in- Mumford Room to hear the ALA presi-tellectual freedom as her focus. The dent in her first speech before the theme for the ALA Annual Conference Washington-area library communitythis year is "Celebrating the Freedom during her presidential year. to Read, Learn, Connect at the Library." Winston Tabb, associate librarian for "The greatness of our libraries and Library Services, welcomed attendeesour profession has always been our and introduced three attendees fromcommitment to intellectual freedom," the National Commission on Librariesshe continued. "The library is the only and Information Science, the mainpublic institution that guarantees all library advisory group to Presidentpeople free and open access to infor- Clinton. mation, regardless of their age or abil- This writer introduced Ms. Symons,ity to pay, their social or political back- Chip Woodward noting the speaker's extensive profes-ground. ... Claudette Tennant, assistant direc- sional association leadership history "Federal librarians, unlike publictor of the ALA's Washington office both in Alaska and nationwide. librarians, are often un- Ms. Symons greeted the group andsung heroes," said Ms. congratulated the sponsors for theirSymons. "Your complex cooperation in planning the day'srole is often misunder- event: FLRT, the District of Columbiastood. On behalf of ALA Library Association, the Armed ForcesI thank you. ... Libraries Round Table, the Library of "No value is more Congress Professional Association andhighly regarded by li- the Federal Library and Informationbrarians than the free- Center Committee. dom to access informa- "How does someone from a one-tion, and that freedom person library in a state far far awayhas special significance with 208 ALA members grow up towhen it comes to access- become ALA's president?" she began. ing government infor- "I could say hard work, but we allmation." Chip Woodward work hard. Being from Alaska helps Ms. Symons turned toAssociate Dean of New York University's Bobst because nobody ever forgets where youother issues, saying thatLibrary Nancy Kranich, Associate Librarian for are from. But I am going to step back towhen she speaks, "MyLibrary Services Winston Tabb and ALA Presi- when I was a child a 'library child.'focus is almost alwaysdent Ann Symons; ALA members Joan My parents took me to the library often on children's access toChallinor, Ms. Symons, Martha Gould and C.E. and I was probably one of the original the Internet. Censorship "Abe" Abramson latchkey children, beginning about 10. and the basic book chal- My mother worked and I went every af-lenge is by no means ternoon to the public library one block dead. The major focus, from our house to support my readinghowever, has turned to 4... I habit. Today, even though I work in a the Internet and to pro- school library, I am still an avid public tecting children." library user." "Let me say right up Symons received her master offront that librarians and library science degree from the Univer-the American Library sity of Oregon in 1970 and worked twoAssociation care deeply years as a serials cataloger at Oregonabout children; we also State University, then "went to Alaskacare deeply about the in 1972, where I have been ever since.First Amendment. ALA Thus I have had two jobs in my entire continued on page 87 Chip Woodward

APRIL 1999 83 * 0

Suffrage Scrapbooks Women's Voting Movement Subject of Treasure-Talk

BY YVONNE FRENCH jn an informal "Treasure-Talk" 1March 17 in the Jefferson Building's "American Treasures" exhibition hall, Rosemary Fry Plakas, the American history specialist in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division, discussed the Library's collection of "suffrage scrapbooks." The ones she mentioned were kept by Elizabeth Smith Miller and her daughter, Anne Fitzhugh Miller. These scrapbooks document the activities of the Political Equality Club of Geneva, N.Y., which the Millers founded in 1897, as well as efforts at the state, national and international levels to win the vote for women. Ms. Plakas's talk, one of a series of Treasure-Talks on important items on display in the "American Treasures" exhibition, coincidentally fell on the A photograph of the Millers, standing beneath the wisteria on their anniversary of the Arizona legisla- Lochland veranda, and mementos of one of their popular piazza par- ture's passage of an equal suffrage bill ties fill these pages of their 1909 scrapbook. National American Woman in 1903. One scrapbook has a copy of Suffrage Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division the telegram Elizabeth Miller and Julia Ward Howe's daughter, Florence Hall,cational loans to women. 1897. Susan B. Anthony and Alice sent to Arizona Gov. Brodie, urging Anne Fitzhugh Miller was born inStone Blackwell spoke at this conven- him to sign the bill. Ms. Plakas's talk 1856 and educated at home. As a teen- tion, hosted by the Millers. An edito- also was given during the Library's ager she founded a summer camp torial about the convention urged suf- celebration of Women's Historybring men, women and young peoplefrage leaders to focus their efforts on Month. together to discuss philosophy, reli-winning over "indifferent" and "ob- Elizabeth Smith Miller (1822-1911) gion and literature. She was active injecting" women to their camp rather was the daughter of the abolitionistmany charities, organized the localthan worrying about "obstinate" men. and New York Congressman Gerritchoral society, served as a founding The Millers closely followed the ac- Smith. Through her experiences attrustee of William Smith College and,tivities of antisuffragists and attended home, which was a station on the un-as president of the Geneva Politicaltheir meetings. At one, the "antis" read derground railroad, and her educationEquality Club (GPEC), actively re-a Nov. 10, 1908, letter from President in Quaker schools in Philadelphia, cruited men as well as women. Theodore Roosevelt in which he ech- Miller learned to work for improving Together, the Millers compiled seven oed the editorial's exhortation. Anne the human condition. scrapbooks dating from 1897 to 1911. Fitzhugh Miller subsequently asked She married banker Charles DudleyWithin one is tucked a gold satinRoosevelt for a stronger statement Miller in 1843 and as a young mother "Votes for Women" sash worn at a pa-supporting suffrage. In her draft letter in 1851 she created the bloomer cos- rade in New York City. The thick scrap- to Roosevelt, currently in the "Ameri- tume to safely navigate stairs whilebooks also contain programs from suf-can Treasures" exhibition, she chides, holding a baby in one arm and afrage events, manuscript letters from"What I ask would require about half lighted lamp in the other. This reformSusan B. Anthony, Julia Ward Howea minute of your time, & would be a dress, featuring a short skirt overand National American Woman Suf-real service to half your peopleto all Turkish trousers, was soon adoptedfrage Association (NAWSA) President of them, I believe." by Miller's cousin Elizabeth CadyAnna Shaw, photographs, ribbons, The Millers hosted visits of the Brit- Stanton and was popularized bybuttons and numerous newspaperish suffragist leaders Emmeline and Amelia Bloomer, editor of The Lily. To clippings. Sylvia Pankhurst and adopted their encourage women to use their talents From the first scrapbook, Ms. Plakascolors: green, white and violet, the to raise money, Miller made and soldshowed a program from the New Yorkinitial letters of which are the same as marmalade and published a cook-State Woman Suffrage Conventionfor "Give Women Votes." The color book, using the proceeds to make edu-held in Geneva, N.Y., on Nov. 3-5,scheme is echoed throughout the

84 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVAILABLE 89 of

scrapbooks and even made its way into the gardening and sartorial choices of the Millers. After a winter filled with speakers, study groups and youth groups, the concluding event in the GPEC year always was an elegant fund-raising piazza party at the Mill- ers in May, when the wisteria bloomed in clusters of green, white and violet over their wide verandas. And Anne Miller always wore a violet gown with a white sash at the suffrage parades. In March 1912 she also planned to carry a green parrot that she had coached to "screech" suffrage slogans. However, she died unexpectedly in a Boston hotel a few weeks before the parade at only 56. Although suffrage was a primary passion of the Millers, the scrapbooks show how "these kindred spirits expanded their horizons, always strivingNewspaper clippings, photographs, and a banner of green, white, and to make a difference in the world fromviolet preserve the spirit of the 1911 New York City parade that hon- a human standpoint, not solely based ored Elizabeth Smith Miller as a pioneer suffragist. on gender," concluded Ms. Plakas. was given to the Library in 1938 byheld at noon most Wednesdays in the These scrapbooks document mile-NAWSA'slastpresident,CarrieTreasures Gallery. For information stones of the suffrage movement butChapman Catt. on the talks, visit the Library's Web also give a glimpse into the lives of two Similar highlight tours, or "Trea-siteatwww.loc.gov / treasures / women who helped to move it alongsure-Talks," of noteworthy objects on amtrtalk.html. its way. They are part of the NAWSAdisplay in the exhibition are conducted Collection in the Rare Book andby curators from the Library's custo-Ms. French is a public affairs specialist Special Collections Division, whichdial divisions. The Treasure-Talks are in the Public Affairs Office.

Locked 21 years. We had been best friends freedom. One by one, the heart moni- continued from page 82 for most of those years... One thing tor, respirator, tracheostomy and I knew about Judy was that she stomach tubes came out. She learned tained the letters 'N' through 'S.' never sat still. She was always to eat and drink without ingesting The fourth quadrant contained the traveling: to Europe, to the states, food or liquid into her lungs. Every letters 'T' through 'Z.' My partner or to Israel with me. And she liked one of these painstakingly won steps wouldthen name each letter in the to experience different things, from brought her closer to indepen- chosenquadrant. I would raise my ballet dancing to partying at school dence. Two years after her stroke, eyes when my partner named the to getting involved with theater. she moved to her own apartment. letter that I wanted. In this way, "Nobody would ever know this to "I was so glad to be free," wrote I spelled words and sentences." look at me now, but I used to dance. Ms. Mozersky. Ms. Mozersky is the granddaugh-I was never a serious dancer who Ms. Mozersky continues her ter of Sol M. Linowitz, recipient ofdevoted her whole life to ballet, butCornell studies toward a degree in the Presidential Medal of Honor. Mr.I loved dancing," she wrote, after go-psychology. She is particularly inter- Linowitz was former U.S. ambassa-ing to the theater for a ballet but find-ested in reading biographies. dor to the Organization of Americaning a rehearsal instead. "At the dance Locked In: A Young Woman's Battle States, a co-negotiator on the Panamarehearsal that afternoon, each timewith Stroke is available in print from Canal Treaties and President Carter'sthe ballet instructor on stage wouldtwo sources: National Stroke Asso- special Middle East negotiator. describe the dancers' movements myciation, telephone (800) STROKES, or Said Mr. Linowitz, "Judy has toldfeet got very excited because they re- through the Golden Dog Press, Box her story by blinking out the lettersmembered the familiar steps," wrote 393, 409 Oxford Street E., Kemptville, word by word, sentence by sentence,Ms. Mozersky. Ontario KOG 1J0; telephone (613) paragraph by paragraph, and chap- Ms. Mozersky never became clini-258-3882. It is available to patrons ter by chapter." Her entries in the au-cally depressed, though the thoughtof NLS as book number RC 47035. tobiography are mingled with thoseof institutionalization, and timeFor more information about NLS: of her extended family, doctors,spent on the strict rehabilitationtelephone (202) 707-5100; fax (202) nurses, physical therapists, tutorsward, made her want to die, she707-0712; TDD (202) 707-0744; e-mail and many friends. wrote. Instead of succumbing, [email protected]; or view the Web site at Lisa T: I had known Judy for almost fought to eschew every barrier to herwww.loc.gov /nls.

APRIL 1999 85 9(11 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 0

a S News from the Center for the Book `Read More About It' Moves to the Web

The Center for the Netscape Library of Congress Learning Page - Read More About It -, 2Ei most of the 200 orga- Book's popular nizations listed on ., 0,4> g'S e, 0 ihE tit 0 "Read More About Soak ForwardHour Edit Reload Images Print Find Stop our site and to all It" lists of suggested rotation: 9Ittp 1 /lowelaloo.gon /arnrnem/ndlpeendentrbook.htrn1 oftheaffiliated books, popular with warne excwoonlitensigOznanamis statecentersthat televisionviewers have home pages, ReS.AtCh Seaton Help Features Learn .t,,a1Iti. Educator% 4.0, ,,,as for more than a de- ELOOSITIS 12105 a number that cade (see LC Infor- Irrit1,0=,.; has climbed to 26," ination Bulletin, De- saidCenterfor cember 1998), can BOOKS the Book Program READ MORE ABOUT IT! 'US now be found on VMS ..,0"/Reow OfficerMaurvene the Library's Web Boa& move,/0.40 D.Williams, who site (www.loc.gov) ClWariir LtreSatt A) OldLituaiyalawavat, ft°44ssgs43/4 isresponsible for onthe American ii=tril managing the Memory "Learning The Center for the Book vas established in the Library of Congress in 1977 to stimulate public interest in books, center'ssite. "We reading, and libraries. 11 has developed the following "Read Mom About It 1" reeding Ilps for the American Memory Page." collections to open up the world of book, m people of all eges. The Center for the Book invites you to visit your average approxi- Nearly 50 "Read local library or booksicre: they .111 be happy m help you "Read More About lir mately 800 visitors a More About It" lists CigDgFaiii.JITLAa0EQE1IIIIWXY2 day," she said. illuminate topics "We have learned covered by American A that our American Memory's digitized atrauguitasouet Memory collections collections. Amerlean 10104907 drawusersback "Suggested books MLIMIkillkg11797llgt11MPSSilaL/112g1 to books," said Dr. about baseball, for Lerdscane+,11Ti 070 gPm1=1050-1920 Billington."These example, accompany OL99111Mlliterte=ileg. 1918494 primary sources en- the digitized collec- AmerIcen We Hinorlss 1936-1940 courage students tion of 2,100 early 60220illY0WY-10Z4ANL= and lifelong learners ,in zyko,1939-1867 to explore in depth baseball cards from Arrblearrons and Inner, neaten fro Prilh ("Jemmy Armoire tOIR-1955 the years 1887-1914," `Y/ii.41 =MN= I iga ? I the images relating said Center for the to the topics on our Book Director John Web site." Y. Cole. "Our message on the Web is Lists are available for each Ameri- CFB on BookTV: Two Center for the same as on television: If your cu-can Memory Collection. A completethe Book programs will be featured on riosity about a subject has beencollection list can be found atC-SPAN2's BookTV on the weekend whetted, go to your local library ormemory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/of May 1-2. On May 1, the "Young bookstore to find books about thatcntrbook.html. A link to the "ReadPeople's Poetry Week" program held subject. Use books to open up newMore About It" lists is also available in the Coolidge Auditorium on April 7 worlds. There are books on everyon the Center for the Book's homewill be telecast at 3 p.m. The next day, topic. With books you can proceed atpage (www.loc.gov/loc/cfbook). at 6 p.m., BookTV will feature the your own pace to inform yourself In addition to the "Read Morecenter's March 22 "Books & Beyond" quickly or spend a lifetime becom-About It" book lists, the Centertalk: Jerome Loving discussing his ing an expert." forthe Book's home page onnew biography, Walt Whitman: The The "Read More About It" lists arethe Library of Congress Web site Song of Himself selective. Each normally includes 8includes a variety of to 10 items, divided between booksentries that augment "of general interest" and those "es-the Center's mission pecially for younger readers." Theasaclearinghouse lists are compiled by Mr. Cole, withand directory for or- assistance from Center for the Bookganizations, projects program specialist Anne Boni andand events that stimu- Library specialists as needed. Bookslatepublicinterest for younger readers are suggestedin books, reading and by Center for the Book volunteerlibraries. "In addition, Vera K. Stover, a school library media there are hyperlinks to specialist from South Carolina. the home pages of

86 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVAILABLE1: 91 Vietnam are the other half." would break if I ever allowed all my continued from page 75 A national design competition re-emotions and feelings to surface," sulted in the selection of sculptorsaid Col. Carson. "As Alice Walker Just when the cause seemed hope-Glenna Goodacre's statue of threesays in her book The Temple of My less, media attention began to turn thewomen with a wounded soldier, sur-Familiar, 'sometimes breaking the tide. The turning point came whenrounded by eight trees to commemo-heart opens it.'" several million "60 Minutes" viewersrate each of the women who died in Col. Carson served in Vietnam from learned about the struggle to build aVietnam. Prior to its 1993 placement1969 to 1970 at the 312th Evacuation monument to honor them. and dedication in Washington, the Hospital and the 91st Evacuation Hos- Quoting Thomas Jefferson, Ms.monument made a historic whistle-pital in Chu Lai. She was head nurse Evans said, "When things get so farstop tour of the country courtesy ofin Chu Lai when 1st Lt. Sharon Lane wrong, we can always rely on thesupporter Fred Smith, president ofdied when the hospital was mortared. people, when well informed, to setFederal Express, who supplied the "It was always hard to lose the life of things right." specially designed truck, gasoline and any of our soldiers. Not to be able to "It took almost 10 years to 'wella driver. save a friend and colleague wounded inform' the people," said Ms. Evans. "Many admitted they had never told in the middle of the hospital com- Eventually Ms. Evans and her sup-anyone that they were Vietnam vet-pound was devastating," recalled porters, who included Adm. Williamerans," said Col. Carson, VietnamCol. Carson, who met Sharon Lane's Crowe, former chairman of the JointWomen's Memorial Project vice chair. mother for the first time at the dedica- Chiefs of Staff, succeeded in per-"Some said they did not realize ... howtion of the memorial. suading Congress to pass legislationvery much they needed our memo- "To be able to hug her was like hug- authorizing the Vietnam Women'srial." ging Sharon and saying, 'Welcome Memorial. Col. Carson, who entered the Armyhome,"' said Col. Carson. "Just as But the struggle was not over.as a second lieutenant during the'the wall' memorializes the men and A heated debate ensued over theCuban missile crisis in 1962 and re-women who made the ultimate sacri- monument's design. There were thosemained in the Army Nurse Corps for fice for their country, and the status of who were vehemently opposed to a27 years, did not realize herself howthe three servicemen welcomes home statue portraying the likeness ofmuch she needed to work through theour brother veterans who made it women and instead recommended apain of her Vietnam experience until aback to the world, now the Vietnam flower garden with benches. call from Ms. Evans in 1984 started her Women's Memorial welcomes home "We refused to lose sight of theon "a personal journey of reconcilia-our sister veterans and completes the vision and would fight to portraytion, forgiveness and healing." circle of healing." women as women," said Ms. Evans. "Like so many other women veter- "We are not a special-interest group.ans, I had so much pain bottled up in- Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in "There are only two genders, and weside that I was afraid that my heart the Public Affairs Office.

FLRT take very seriously. Teaching children Bell continued from page 83 safety rules is a job for all of us. continued from page 79 "The American Library Associa- is known as a vigorous defendertion believes all children and adults great success, telegraph poles would soon of First Amendment rights.I should have access to this important follow the lines of the railroad, and to- believe in the rights of kids ... toeducational tool not just those who gether they would open the West. By 1850, have free and open access to in-can afford computers and on-line every state east of the Mississippi but one formation in the library. No-connections. For many children and (Florida) was connected by telegraph, and where in the first amendmentadults, school and public libraries in 1861 a telegraph line spanned the conti- does it say that children andmay be the only place they have ac- nent. In 1866, the transatlantic cable was young adults are excluded fromcess to computers and the Internet." laid successfully and the world was truly the rights guaranteed to all under Declaring that, "I don't have any linked for the first time. the Constitution. easy answers, but I've never shied These collections detailing the work of "ALA has become a leader inaway from tackling tough ques two of the nation's greatest inventors pro- promoting quality on-line re-tions," Symons concluded, "There vide a fascinating and instructive view of sources, particularly for children.are many hot library issues these their technical achievements and personal ... Almost 50 percent of thetraf-days copyright, ensuring equity lives. Using a recently developed commu- fic on ALA's Web site comes fromof access to information, diversity, nications medium, the Internet, the Library parents looking for the greatliteracy but none is more impor- is able to make available, in electronic form, sites, for the Parents' Guide totant than assuring that in the 21st much original material documenting the Cyberspace." century we will have access to the historic communications breakthroughs of "We want children and. teenag- information we need in whatever these two great Americans. ers to have a safe and re wardingformat we get it." experience on-line, and education Mr. Bruno is the manuscript historian for of parents and kids about the Inter-Ms. Gruhl is president of the Federal science in the Manuscript Division. net is one of the responsibilities we Librarians Round Table.

APRIL 1999 BEST COPY AVAIL-Z.7E 87 THE LIBRARY OF101 INDEPENDENCECONGRESSOFFICE OF PUBLIC AVE. S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE DC $300 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN ISSN 0041-7904 005 addresstothisIf youthe publication abovewish label to address. and be check removedreturn. If here change from isthe required mailing enter list for on and return this page 02203034-194CIJEEricSyracuseSyracuse CoordinatorClearingnouseCenter Univ NY fo r Sci 13244-4& on Info/Tech 100 Tech 93 94 4 'iLi Stacey Joan SORYXtacey The LIBRARY of CONGRESS tin Vol. 58, No. 5 May 1999

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The Work of Charles and Ray Eames

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LIBRARY OE CONGRESS BICENTENNIAL InformationThe LIBRARY of CONGRESS \* Bulletin LIBRARIES clwATIviTy LusERT). JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 5 May 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Charles and Ray Eames on a Velocette motorcycle, 1948. Cover Story:A major exhibition of the work of American designers Charles and Ray Eames opens at the Library on May 20; also, how the Library prepared for the exhibiton. 1J` 104 Touchdown!:Jerry Jones, owner of the Dallas Cowboys, and his wife Gene have donated $1 million to the Library in the effort to reconstruct Thomas Jefferson's library. 91 Philanthrophic Honors:The Library honors John Kluge. 92 97 Unprecedented Reappointment:Robert Pinksy has been named Poet Laureate for a third term and will be joined by three 00PAST091t:110LIPpLIRLIME P eR 11A14...M1rISCO I Special Consultants in Poetry for the Library's Bicentennial year. 94 Favorite Poems:Patch Adams was among the readers of their favorite poems in an April program at the Library. 96 Young Poets:Students from the Washington area read their ENTERPRISE'poems at the Library as part of Young People's Poetry week. 97 Digital Competition:Twelve winners were named in the final round of the LC/Ameritech National Digital 98Library competition. 98 New On-Line:Three new collections are available on the Library's American Memory Web site. 100 Restoration Period:The Library will join in a project to restore endangered American films in celebration of the year 2000. 101 New Director:Peggy Bulger has been named director of the Library's American Folklife Center. 102 Handle with Care:The Library's fourth Preservation Awareness Workshop brought the conservation process to the public eye. 103 Song of Himself:The author of a new biography of Walt Whitman spoke at the Library in March. 110 101 Author's Papers:The manuscripts of pioneering Arab- American writer Ameen Rihani have been donated to the Library. 112 News from the Center for the Book 114

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov / today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 104 JOHN H. SAYERS, Production

96 BESTCOPY AVAILABLE BICENTENNIAL CORNER Gifts to the Nation Jerry Jones Donates $1 Million to 1,11111AM' 01' (:( )NI; II ESS 1800-2000 Restore Jefferson's Library

BY GAIL FINEBERG The Library kicked off its Bicenten- nial Gifts to the Nation Project on April 14 with a news conference announcing a $1 million gift to replace books lost in an 1851 fire that burned nearly two- thirds of Thomas Jefferson's library, which Congress had bought for $23,950 in 1815. Jerry Jones, owner and general manager of the Dallas Cowboys, and his wife, Gene, presented their gift to the Library during a semiannual meeting of the Library's Madison Council, which they have supported for the past seven years. Handing Dr. Billington the first book purchased with their gift, Hermes or a Philosophical Inquiry Concerning Univer- sal Grammar, 2nd ed., 1765 (London), by James Harris, Mr. Jones noted that the Madison Council exists to promote Glen Krankowslu private support for the Library, whichDallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones and his wife, Gene, present Dr. will celebrate its Bicentennial in 2000Billington with a copy of Hermes, or a Philosophical Inquiry Concern- (www.loc.gov/bicentennial). ing Universal Grammar to launch the effort to reconstruct Thomas Mr. Jones, who was inspired by Dr.Jefferson's library. Billington's enthusiasm for the Library and its national treasures, explainedJones we will be able to reconstruct ... that Madison Council members raisethe original library of this universal and give funds that supplement theman [Jefferson], who, more than any- Library's annual appropriations fromone, created the United States." Congress. For example, Madison By studying the breadth of Jeffer- Council gifts have enabled the Libraryson's interests and knowledge, as re- to digitize materials for on-line distri-flected by the books in his library and bution, purchase rare materials andhis annotated and edited manuscripts, av promote scholarship. "you can see his mind at work," Dr. "This building must be recognized,"Billington said. Mr. Jones said, glancing around the The Librarian briefed the press on the mahogany and gilt of the Librarian'shistory of the Jefferson library. After the formal office in the Jefferson Building. British burned the U.S. Capitol and "This is where the real things are." with it Congress's library, on Aug. 24, By lending high-profile support to the1814, Jefferson by then retired from Library as well as the Dallas Cowboys,presidential office and strapped for "We're saying, 'Let's all get in here when money offered to sell his personal we can and support the Library of Con-library to Congress. Both houses con-This life portrait of Jefferson was gress,"' Mr. Jones said. "All the peoplesented after sharp debate and onpainted in 1791 by Charles Willson of this country should put their heritage Jan. 30, 1815, President James Madison Peale in Philadelphia. in this cultural institution." signed a bill authorizing the purchase Receiving the Joneses' gift,Dr. of 6,487 volumes for $23,950. Years later, Congress was in the Capitol Building Billington thanked them and talked at about 7:30 a.m. on Dec. 24, 1851, a firefrom 1800 until 1897, when the Jefferson about the value of reconstitutingbroke out in the principal library roomBuilding opened.) Jefferson's original library, which wasof the Capitol and destroyed approxi- Dr. Billington said that with the the "seed" of the Library's vast collec-mately 35,000 of the Library's 55,000Joneses' gift the Library is launching a tions today. "Thanks to the extraordi-volumes, including nearly two-thirds ofworldwide search via the Internet and nary generosity of Gene and Jerrythe Jefferson collection. (The Library of continued on page 102

MAY 1999 91 S7 BEST COPY MAILABLE z John Kluge Honored Founding Chairman of Madison Council Recognized for Philanthrophy BY GAIL FINEBERG Rep. William M. Thomas A modest man, whose philanthropy(R-Calif.),chairmanof is making a difference in classroomsthe House Committee on that have computer access to theAdministration and vice Library's American Memory historicalchairman of the Joint Com- collections (www.loc.gov), smiledmittee on the Library, who shyly in the Library limelight April 13was present at the incep- as his Madison Council colleagues andtion of the National Digital Dr. Billington thanked him for hisLibrary Program, thanked leadership and generosity during theboth Dr. Billington and Mr. past nine years. Kluge for their leadership As the founding chairman of thein joining public and pri- Madison Council, the Library's pri-vate sectors in an enterprise vate sector support group, in 1990that benefits the American and one of two founding sponsors ofpublic. the National Digital Library Pro- "These are the kinds of gram, John W. Kluge, president ofevents Congress loves," he Metromedia Co., led a successfulsaid. "This public-private campaign to raise $45 million frompartnership is exactly the the private sector, to be matchedway we like it. As it was by $15 million in appropriated pub-appropriatefor Thomas lic funds, to digitize one-of-a-kindJefferson to offer his books historic documents archived at theto start the Library, it is to- Library and other repositories acrosstally appropriate in the 21st the nation and make them avail-centurytofiguratively able worldwide via the Internet. Mr.knock down the walls of Kluge himself gave $10 million, andthis Library and give all the campaign exceeded its goal. Americans a chance to en- Said Dr. Billington at a receptionjoy the fruits of our culture honoring Mr. Kluge and the council'sthrough the National Digi- other corporate and foundation spon-tal Library." sors, "We at the Library owe a great Dining by candlelight in debt to John, not only for this achieve- the coral, gilt and marble ment, but also for being the foundergrandeur of the Jefferson and strength behind the MadisonBuilding's Northwest Cur- Joyce Naltchayan Council for the past nine years." tain, more than 200 guests,John kluge, chairman of the James Madi- The Librarian noted that the Madi-includingmembersofson Council, speaks at the evening in his son Council has funded more than 170Congress, Madison Council honor at the Library. projects "aiming to open up this insti-members and other Library tution by both bringing people in andsupporters, and friends of Mr. Kluge,seen and used in classrooms through- gettingknowledgeout."Thesewitnessed some results of the do-out the nation." projects include, in addition to the Na-nors' generosity. Mr. Zich said the NDL Program "is tional Digital Library (NDL) Program, "Look at what it is you all haverecognized as the leading source of acquisitions of rare materials, fundingmade possible," said the NDLeducational materials on the Internet." for research and scholarship, exhibi-Program's Robert G. Zich, indicatingThe Library's Web site averages 3.5 tions and related symposia. two large monitors displaying digitalmillion hits every working day from "This support has given birth to aimages from the American Memoryusers all over the world, he said. How new entrepreneurial spirit through-collections. Selections included Tho-these resources can stimulate learning out the Library. Our curators andmas Jefferson's handwritten roughin the classroom was illustrated by tes- managers now know that theirdraft of the Declaration of Indepen-timony from history teacher Laura ideas and initiatives that improvedence, Civil War photographs, George Wakefield. services, enrich the collections andWashington's papers, the earliest mo- After dinner, Mr. Kluge and the NDL make them more accessible will betion pictures by Thomas Edison and acharter sponsors those who gave $1 rewarded and supported,"Dr.sound recording of a speech bymillion or more to the project were Billington said. Franklin Roosevelt. "These are beingpaid special tribute during a Coolidge

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Auditorium ceremony. Ray Smith, chairmanofRothschild,North America, and former chairman and chief executive officer of Bell Atlantic Corp., surprised Mr. Kluge by reading a poem that Mr. Smith wrote on the way home from an NDL fund-raising effort, where, he said, his description of a visit to an urban New Jersey School had touched Mr. Kluge. Mr. Smith portrayed Mr. Kluge not only as a "giant of a man, an Arthur who pulls financial swords from rigid stones," but also as "a gentle man," one who responds with "an unembar- rassed tear" upon hearing of a child in an urban school, "who with a virtuoso's flair scans computer screens that he says he has learned to love and draws from it a picture from a library, a page of pure delight, a portrait from Joyce Naltchayan somewhere in the universe, well hid-cation and scholarship and Dr. Billington and founding sponsor John den but in a place he has learned toa key player in the infor-Kluge (back row, center) with 16 charter find again and again. mation revolution." sponsors of the National Digital Library "This child knows those places and Mr. Kluge received a where those pictures hide, and he haslarge frame containing a learned those secrets in a happy waycolor photo of the Great that no one had to teach him, andHall and three letters of somewhere in that journey he's be-appreciation, from former , JI come that child he always thought heSpeakerofthe House ought to be, one who knows a lot ofNewt Gingrich, Vice Presi- stuff and likes to show others how todent Al Gore and Dr. do it. Billington. "But what he didn't know was, there VicePresidentGore was a man, who, with a shy, dismissivewrote: "This vital initiative shrug, placed all those treasures thereof the Library of Congress for that little child to find. leads the way to a new mil- t "All those million, million kids ... all lennium byproviding those unborn virtuosos of the key-unique, high-quality edu- board, who, if they knew, would say ofcational content for Inter- tt ' all that cool, keen stuff to see, 'Johnnet users throughout the Joyce Naltchayan Kluge put it there for me." nation and the world.Former Secretary of State Henry Kissin- Mr. Kluge thanked Mr. Smith andAmerica cannot afford toger, Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) and Dr. the Librarian for their remarks andhave some of our citizensBillington exchange information. Madison Council members for theiruse essential technological support of the NDL Program and thetools while others are left behind to usepathway to knowledge for local com- Library. Remarking on the council'sthe resources of the last century. Thankmunities throughout the United growth to more than 100 members,you for doing your part to bridge theStates. You have provided food for Mr. Kluge said, "During these yearsdivide and ensure every effort is made the intellectual curiosity, entrepre- as chairman, I have had the privilegeto leave no one behind." neurial energy and civic spirit of of seeing the unfolding of a wonder- Said Mr. Gingrich: "Your involve- Americans of all backgrounds in the ful success story the story of howment in this project constitutes 21st century." a group of committed and generousa great service to our nation. By Council members and guests then people from the private sector fo-increasing the American people's ac- enjoyed a program of American music cused its resources in a public insti-cess to knowledge, which is the keyplayed at the piano by Marvin tution and made a major change forto a free society, you have strength-Hamlisch, award-winning composer the good." ened our democracy.- And by ampli-of music for Broadway shows and By funding numerous programsfying the opportunity for all our citi-movies ("The Way We Were," "The "that inform, enlighten and inspirezens to learn about our country'sSting," "Ordinary People," "Sophie's people of all ages," Mr. Kluge said, thepast and imagine her future, youChoice," A Chorus Line) and the Madison Council "has propelled thehave helped transform America." new permanent conductor of the Library beyond its government-sup- Dr. Billington wrote: "Your sup-National Symphony Orchestra Pops. ported role to become a leader in edu-port has helped open up a new, free continued on page 111

MAY 1999 93 Pinsky Reappointed to Third Term Dove, Gluck, Merwin Named Consultants in Poetry

In preparation for the Bicentennial 101 Poems of Lost Love and Sorrow and year of the Library of Congress in 2000, The Sounds of Poetry: A Brief Guide were Dr. Billington has announced a "once- published recently. in-a-century" series of appointments Ms. Dove, who was 1993-95 Poet for the Library's poetry program. Laureate Consultant in Poetry, is Com- The Librarian has named the current monwealth Professor of English at the Poet Laureate, Robert Pinsky, to serve University of Virginia; her most recent an unprecedented third term. In addi- book is On the Bus with Rosa Parks tion, the Librarian has named three (1999). Her other works include the Special Consultants to assist with the poetry collections Grace Notes (1989); poetry programs of the Bicentennial Selected Poems (1993); Mother Love year. The three Special Consultants are (1995); the novel Through the Ivory Gate former Poet Laureate Rita Dove, (1992); and the verse play The Darker Louise Gluck and W.S. Merwin. They Face of the Earth (1994), which will open will be compensated by privately at the Royal National Theatre in Lon- raised Bicentennial funds. don this summer. In 1987, her poetry "We want to create a once-in-a- collection Thomas and Beulah (1986) century arrangement, not only to won the Pulitzer Prize. Ms. Dove most celebrate poetry during our 200th recently was honored with the 1996 birthday, but also to significantly Heinz Award in the Arts and Humani- increase support for the national out- ties, the 1996 Charles Frankel Prize/ reach of the Poetry Office and the Poet N. Alicia Byers National Medal in the Humanities, the Laureate," said Dr. Billington. Robert Pinsky 1997 Sara Lee Frontrunner Award and "The three Special Consultants are the 1998 Levinson Prize. all poets of great distinction," Dr.chives will be one of the Library's Ms. Gluck, who has appeared in the Billington added, "who, in additionBicentennial "Gifts to the Nation," andLibrary's literary series on several oc- to participating in our Bicentennialwill illustrate what poetry means tocasions, including as the winner of the poetry events, will strengthen theAmericans from many walks of life atRebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Library's poetry program to meet thethe end of the century. Prize for Poetry, is Preston S. Parish demands now expected of it." All The presentation will be made dur-Third Century Lecturer in English at appointments will take effect ining a special Bicentennial conferenceWilliams College. She most recently October 1999. on "Poetry and the American People: taught at Harvard and at Brandeis "Robert Pinsky is well suited to beReading, Performance and Publica- University, where she was Hurst Pro- the first Poet Laureate to serve threetion." The conference will be heldfessor. Her collections of poetry in- consecutive terms. His Favorite PoemApril 3-4, 2000, at the Library ofclude The Triumph of Achilles (1985), Project has captured the imaginationCongress, and will include readingswhich won the National Book Critics of young and old across the nation andby the Special Consultants and theCircle Award for Poetry, the Boston heightened awareness of the LibraryPoet Laureate. Globe Literary Press Award for Poetry, of Congress's role as the home of The tapes created for the Favoriteand the Poetry Society of America's America's poetry archives and itsPoem Project will become part ofMelville Kane Award; Ararat (1990), Poets Laureate," said the Librarian,the Library of Congress's extensivewhich won the 1992 Bobbitt Prize; The who first appointed Mr. Pinsky in 1997Archive of Recorded Poetry andWild Iris (1992), which won the Pulitzer and reappointed him in 1998. Mr. Literature, which includes readings byPrize; Meadowlands (1996); and Vita Pinsky is the ninth Poet Laureate Con-more than 2,000 poets during the sec-Nova (1999). She is also the author of sultant in Poetry and the 39th personond half of the 20th century. Descending Figure (1980). to occupy the seat. Mr. Pinsky teaches in the graduate Mr. Merwin, whose most recent ap- Mr. Pinsky will continue to direct thecreative writing program at Bostonpearance at the Library was in 1997, is popular Favorite Poem Project, which University. His collections of poetrythe author of the collections The Carrier has for the past two years been collect-include Sadness and Happiness (1975);of Ladders (1970), for which he received ing audio and video recordings ofAn Explanation of America (1979), the Pulitzer Prize; The Compass Flower Americans from all parts of the coun- awarded the Saxifrage Prize; History of(1977); The Rain in the Trees (1988); The try reading or reciting aloud a favoriteMy Heart (1983), which won the Will- Vixen (1996); Flower & Hand: Poems, poem. In April of 2000, which is theiam Carlos Williams Prize; The Want 1977-1983 (1997); and The River Sound Library's Bicentennial and National Bone (1990); and The Figured Wheel: New (1999). His translations include Selected Poetry Month, 1,000 audio and 200and Collected Poems, 1965-1995, which Translations1948-1968(1968),for video recordings will be presented towon the Lenore Marshall Prize. Thewhich he won the PEN Translation the Library. The Favorite Poem ar-anthology The Handbook of Heartbreak: Prize; Osip Mandelstam, Selected Poems 94 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 100 0

(1974, with Clarence Brown); Iphigeneia gether noted novelists, poets and story- at Aulis of Euripides, with Georgetellers to talk about writing, nature and Dimock (1978); Vertical Poetry, a selec-community. tion of poems by Roberto Juarroz The current Laureate, Robert Pinsky, is (1988); and Sun at Midnight, a selection selecting a broad cross section of Ameri- of poems by Mnuso Soseki, translatedcans reading their favorite poems aloud with Soiku Shigematsu (1989). as part of the Library's Bicentennial. In the year 2000, when the Library cel- Poet Laureate Consultant in ebrates its 200th birthday, 200 video and Poetry to the Library of Congress 1,000 audio tapes of poetry readings will The Poet Laureate Consultant inbe added to the Archive of Recorded Po- Poetry to the Library of Congress isetry and Literature as one of the Library's appointed annually by the Librarianbirthday "Gifts to the Nation." of Congress and serves from October to May. Consultants in Poetry and Poets In making the appointment, the Li-Laureate Consultants in Poetry to brarian consults with former Consult-the Library of Congress 6 ants and Laureates, the current Laure- Joseph Auslander, 1937-41 ate and distinguished poetry critics. (Auslander's appointment to the ,k` The position has existed for 61 years Poetry chair had no fixed term) 0 Fred Viebahn under two separate titles: from 1937 to Allen Tate, 1943-44 Rita Dove 1986 as Consultant in Poetry to the Robert Penn Warren, 1944-45 Library of Congress and from 1986 Louise Bogan, 1945-46 Karl Shapiro, 1946-47 forward as Poet Laureate Consultant Robert Lowell, 1947-48 in Poetry. The name was changed by Leonie Adams, 1948-49 an act of Congress in 1985. Elizabeth Bishop, 1949-50 The Laureate receives a $35,000 Conrad Aiken, 1950-52 annual stipend funded by a gift from (first to serve two terms) Archer M. Huntington. The Library William Carlos Williams keeps to a minimum the specific duties (appointed in 1952 but did not serve) in order to afford incumbents maxi- Randall Jarrell, 1956-58 mum freedom to work on their own Robert Frost, 1958-59 Richard Eberhart, 1959-61 projects while at the Library. The Laure- Louis Untermeyer, 1961-63 ate gives an annual lecture and reading Howard Nemerov, 1963-64 of his or her poetry and usually intro- Reed Whittemore, 1964-65 duces poets in the Library's annual Stephen Spender, 1965-66 poetry series, the oldest in the Washing- James Dickey, 1966-68 ton area, and among the oldest in the William Jay Smith, 1968-70 United States. This annual series of William Stafford, 1970-71 public poetry and fiction readings, lec- Josephine Jacobsen, 1971-73 Daniel Hoffman, 1973-74 tures, symposia and occasional dra- James Baker Hall Stanley Kunitz, 1974-76 Louise Gliick matic performances began in the 1940s. Robert Hayden, 1976-78 Collectively the Laureates have brought William Meredith, 1978-80 more than 2,000 poets and authors to Maxine Kumin, 1981-82 e. the library to read for the Archive of Anthony Hecht, 1982-84 Recorded Poetry and Literature. Robert Fitzgerald, 1984-85 Each Laureate brings a different em- (appointed and served in a health-limited phasis to the position. Joseph Brodsky capacity, but did not come to the Library) initiated the idea of providing poetry Reed Whittemore, 1984-85 (Interim Consultant in Poetry) in airports, supermarkets and hotel Gwendolyn Brooks, 1985-86 rooms. Maxine Kumin started a popu- Robert Penn Warren, 1986-87 lar series of poetry workshops for (first to be designated Poet Laureate women at the Library. Consultant in Poetry) A Gwendolyn Brooks met with el- Richard Wilbur, 1987-88 ementary school students to encour- Howard Nemerov, 1988-90 age them to write poetry. Mark Strand, 1990-91 Rita Dove brought together writers Joseph Brodsky, 1991-92 Mona Van Duyn, 1992-93 f 1 to explore the African diaspora Rita Dove, 1993-95 through the eyes of its artists. She also Robert Hass, 1995-97 championed children's poetry and Robert Pinsky, 1997-2000 jazz with poetry events. (first to serve three consecutive terms. Robert Hass organized the "Water- Special Consultants in 1999-2000: Rita Matthew Carlos Schwartz shed" conference that brought to- Dove, Louise Gliick and W.S. Merwin) W.S. Merwin

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*No.+ `This Poem Reflects Me' Pinsky Brings Favorite Poem Project to the Library

BY YVONNE FRENCH Patch Adams, M.D., about whom a major motion picture starring Robin Williams was made, led a group of 25 Washingtonians in reading their favorite poems aloud April 7 in the Coolidge Auditorium. Mr. Adams is author of Gesund- heit!: Bringing Good Health to You, the Medical System and Society Through PhysicianService,Complementary Therapies, Humor and Joy. He advocates universal free health care. He N. Alicia Byers N. Alicia Byers N. Alicia Byers gave a dramatic recitation of por-"Favorite Poem" readers included Patch Adams (left), Del. Eleanor tions of Walt Whitman's "Song of the Holmes Norton (D-D.C.) and Marvin Dickinson, vice president of the Open Road," saying he loves theStay in Schools Foundation. poem "because poetry is a celebration of life. This poem reflects me.moments come along and you sensezen plains, shouting a curse/ In a I celebrate life." the audience cheering up," Mr.many-voiced chorus; the cannon of a Mr. Adams wore his long grayPinsky told a handful of reporterstank/ Growing immense at the cor- hair in a ponytail with several elas-before the reading, which came justner of a street; the ride at dusk/ Into tics along its length. A patch on hisas the Library announced his unprec-a camp with watchtowers and head to the left of his center part wasedented reappointment to a thirdbarbed wire." dyed blue. He wore a Hawaiianconsecutive term as Poet Laureate Others who read included Del. shirt with a multicolored tie, tie-(see story on page 94). "Each personEleanor Holmes Norton (D-D.C.), died balloon pants, one orange andis showing you a treasure," Mr.(Sonnet 127, by William Shakes- one blue sock and black tennisPinsky said later in remarks prior topeare); Roslyn Walker, director of shoes. One fork-shaped earringthe Coolidge Auditorium readings. the National Museum of African dangled and swung as he recited Dr. Billington said he liked theArt, ("The Negro Speaks of Rivers," Walt Whitman's conclusion: "thepoem "Little Gidding" by T.S. Eliotby Langston Hughes); Nobel Laure- efflux of the soul is happiness." because it "brings a spiritual dimen-ate Harold Varmus, director of the If Mr. Adams's outfit was like asion into our daily lives." He toldNational Institutes of Health ("To rainbow, the other persons who readhow Eliot wrote the poem in 1942 asHis Coy Mistress," by Andrew were a veritable United Nations ofbombs fell on London and ex-Marvell); Cliff Becker, director of Washington: African American, Pe-plained several interpretations of itsthe Literature Program at the Na- ruvian, Italian, a Native American,elusive text. He confided that hetional Endowment for the Arts Chinese, Russian. Their cacophonypersonally interprets the "tongues("Keeping Things Whole," by Mark of accents was unified by the rhythmof fire" in the poem as "the slow fireStrand). "We try to do that at the of the poetry that now harangued,that consumes us: our own self-pre-NEA," he said. now lulled about 250 listeners into aoccupations." "Some poets write with such state of heightened awareness. Philip Bobbitt, the creator of thepower and immediacy that they can Mr. Pinsky said one of the unex-Library's Rebekah Johnson Bobbittconvince you the poem is about pected fruits of the Favorite PoemNational PrizeforPoetry, readyour own life, but it's not," said the readings is the way the audience"Preparation," by Czeslaw Milosz,final reader, Edward Weismiller, forms a community of listeners as thewhose poetry both Robert Pinskywho was billed as 'novelist, counter- readers and reciters share why theand 1996-1997 Poet Laureate Robertspy and poet," in the program. He poem is meaningful to them. Hass helped to translate from Polish. read John Donne's "Twickenham Said Mr. Pinsky: "You get this feel-"Our prayers are with the 600,000Garden" because "it involves me in ing of respect and attention in theserefugees from the Yugoslav war anda way I can't explain." When he re- civic forums," of which there havethe soldiers who have gone to East-cited it, the audience may have un- been 15 official and almost 300 un-ern Europe," said Mr. Bobbitt, who isderstood with him what it is in a official readings, and probablyLyndon Johnson's nephew. Hispoem that words can'tbut some- many more that go unreported to thecousin, Linda Johnson Robb, was inhow do convey. Favorite Poem Project director at Mr. the audience. Milosz's poem recalls Pinsky's Boston University office. earlier strife in Eastern Europe: Ms. French is a public affairs specialist "These transcendently wonderful"Thus: armies/Running across fro- in the Public Affairs Office.

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O z Apprentice Poets Young Bards Celebrate National Poetry Month

BY CHRISTINA TYLER Be careful what you say around Demario John Greene. He might write a poem or short story about it. That's how the 12-year-old got the idea for his poem called "Love," which he read at the Young People's Poetry Week program April 7 in the Library. , Demario is one of six Washington, 1 ss D.C., preteens who read original poems during the program for young / poets that celebrates National Poetry Month. A sixth-grader at Anne Beers El- A ementary School, he is not old enough to have experienced all kinds of love, but he can tell you about what he has learned by listening to music and adult (4: conversations and from reading N. Alicia Byers his poem with conviction, "Love."The readers gathered with Young Peoples Poetry Week founder Paula His poem reads: Quint, president of the Childrens Book Council. Charles Davis (left), of Love, do we see it? Stuart-Hobson Middle School; Harriet Blair Rowan, of Oyster Bilin- Love, do we feel it? gual School; Demario Greene, of Beers Elementary School; Ayanna When we say it do we mean it? Murray-Mazwi, also of Oyster; Jorge Orozco, of Bancroft Elementary When we feel it, do we really feel it? School; and Rexannah Wyse, also of Bancroft. When we feel it, do we sense it? Isn't that what love is? lished poet who teaches at George Ma-describing Earth, its leaves, candy and A sense of care, a sense of protection. son University in Fairfax, Va., workspotato chips. When you say "I love you," with the D.C. Writers Corps and men- Ayanna Murray-Mazwi described you give your heart. torsstudentsatStewart-Hobson magical places she sees in her dreams. Love is stronger than anything. Middle School. "He's funny, he can Jorge Orozco personified a house in Love is something that is to perform the poems all that in an 11- his poem, describing what a house be cherished. year- old." sees inside itself and how it loves and Love is something many people claim. The children's poems were selectedcares for its inhabitants. But I put a question to you from hundredsofentriesfrom Harriet Blair Rowan described her- to evaluate: When you say, throughout Washington. Each childselfin her self-named poem as 'I love you,' do you mean it? represented a different area of the city."Harriet, reader, writer, swimmer, Nikki Grimes and Judith Viorst National Young People's Poetrysleeper...one who needs good write poetry for children and adults.Week is sponsored by the Children'sfriends, resident of Washington, D.C." They said they lose themselves in theBook Council in New York. This event The crowd chuckled at Charles pages of books and write from theirin the Jefferson Building was spon-Davis's description of food as he stood experiences. Ms. Viorst said writingsored by the Library's Center for thebehind the podium wearing a blue poetry for different age groups isn'tBook and the Poetry and Literatureplaid shirt and oval, wire-rimmed difficult for her the feelings are con- Center, in cooperation with the Districtglasses. "Food, I have to overcome my veyed the same, but the images ofLines Poetry Project of the Federationlove for you. Food, stop mocking me. childhood and adulthood are different. of Friends of the District of Columbia ...Food, you are hard to resist." Then Young poet Charles Davis (left) wasLibrary. he got more serious as he read his impressed listening to the professional The Center for the Book doesn'tpoem about the moon: "Like a big poets, because the fifth-grader did nothave a Washington, D.C., chapter yet,marble, shining through the night with know poets could make a living withbut 36 states do. The children who readits precious light." their work. His parents said they didtheir work April 7 were selected with "I hope to someday write a book not know their son had an intensethe help of the city library, volunteera collection of poems and an autobio- need to write poetry and this was thewriting coaches and writers groups. graphical story about how I got started first time they had heard their son read Roxannah Wyse, with her hairwriting," he said. his work. pulled back and wearing a blue and "I knew Charles had a knack forpurple ankle-length dress, made the Ms. Tyler is assistant editor of the metaphors," said Andy Fogle, a pub-crowd laugh with her animated voice Library's staff newspaper, The Gazette. MAY 1999 97 303 Competition Winners Announced Final Round of LC/Ameritech NDL Program

The Library has announced the - Michigan State University (lead twelve winners in the third and final institution) and Central Michigan round of the Library of Congress/ ete ./. 4 University, for "Shaping the Values of Ameritech National Digital Library dAsia74.7 ce/e4., Youth: A Nineteenth Century Ameri- .7,,ce-4: 7, ft- Competition. The program, in which .9 can Sunday School Book Collection." Ameritech donated $2 million to the Amount of award: $123,763. This col- Library's National Digital Library sr-, .4e7; lection is a representative selection of (NDL) Program, has made awards to ....- f ri1-61,r,",ket Ata...... 2:r 4..4 121 American Sunday school books 33 institutions, including the 12 that from the Russel B. Nye Popular Cul- will receive awards either alone or as ture Collection and the Clarke Histori- part of a consortium this year. cal Library. Published primarily be- The competition has enabled U.S. tween 1815 and 1865 by the American libraries, archives, museums and his- 74%.-/-z.; Tract Society, the American Sunday torical societies to digitize their collec- ee-e51. School Union and other religious pub- tions of American historical materials 4.,- lishers, these books for juvenile read- for inclusion in the American Memory ers taught moral conduct and good .2474°,121/# e-e electronic collections of the Library of .ef&: citizenship. The books cover a wide Congress (www.loc.gov). The compe- 04, range of subjects deemed particularly tition also helps fulfill the Library's .4//4:7 447 ..efe--L. useful and important for socializing goal of placing, in cooperation withA document from the collectionsearly 19th century youth, including other institutions, 5 million items on-of the Utah academic librarieshistory, holidays, slavery, African line by 2000, the Bicentennial of theconsortium Americans, Native Americans, travel Library of Congress. The NDL Pro- and missionary accounts, death and gram is one of the Library's major dying, poverty, temperance, immi- birthday "Gifts to the Nation." "Ameritech was once again wowedgrants and advice. "Congratulations to the award win-by yet another group of very deserving Mystic Seaport Museum for ners and to Ameritech for its role inwinners," said Lana Porter, president"Maritime Westward Expansion." of Ameritech Library Services. "We are launching this pioneering project," Amount of award: $57,218. Mystic Sea- said Dr. Billington. "Today's winnersextremely proud to have helped make it possible for so many valuable collec-port Museum's digital project is a se- will join the others from the previous lection of 7,500 items from its archival two years in helping make the Na-tions, from so many prestigious libraries, to be digitized for easy access tocollections. These items include mate- tional Digital Library Program truly rials dating from the mid- to late 19th national in scope." everyone via the Internet." century, including logbooks, diaries, The 1998-99 Library of Congress/ Ameritech National Digital Libraryletters, business papers and other Competition award winners are: manuscript items, images, imprints Lee Library at Brigham Youngand ephemera, and maps and charts. University (lead institution), Univer-The unique maritime perspective of sity of Utah, Utah State University,these materials offers a rich look at the and the Utah State Historical Society,events, culture, beliefs and personal for "Pioneer Trails: Overland to Utahexperiences associated with the settle- and the Pacific." Amount of ment of California, Alaska, Hawaii, award: $64,875. The Utah C61111111.0CK'S CLIPPER LINE Fen NAN- PRANCIEEN academic libraries consor- w onti. waalarc- tium'sdigital collection consists of 155 items from 59 diaries of pioneers trekking westward on the Overland Trail,across America to Utah and the Pacific between 1847 and 1869. In addition to the diaries, the collection in- ENTERPRISE! cludes 16 maps, 75 photo- From the Michigan State Univer-graphs and illustrations, sity and Central Michigan Univer-and selections from five A "sailing card" from the collections of the sity collection immigrant guides. Mystic Seaport Museum

98 BEST COPY AVARABLE LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 104 Texas and the Pacific Northwest. The materials chosen to be digitized relate to major themes in the history of westward expansion, including the California Gold Rush, the decline of native American cultures and populations, the politics and eco- nomicsof"manifest destiny," the roles of women and the immigrant experience. The Bancroft Li- brary at the University of California, Berkeley"Chinese butcher and grocery shop, China- (lead institution), andtown, San Francisco," from the University of theCaliforniaHis-California, Berkeley, collection; First African toricalSociety,forBaptist Church, Savannah, Ga., from the "Chinese in California,University of North Carolina collection 1850-1920." Amount of award: $150,000. This collection ofAfrican Americans, spirituals, ser- 12,500 items documents the 19th andmons, church reports, religious peri- early 20th century Chinese immigra-odicals and denominational histories) Forty-eight applicants represent- tion to California and the West and traces how Southern African Ameri-ing 70 institutions submitted pro- reflects the social life, culture and com-cans experienced and transformedposals to compete for the awards merce of these immigrants. The mate-Protestant Christianity into the central(some applications were submitted rials include photographs, original art,institution of community life. The ma-by institutional consortiums). In for- cartoons and other illustrations; let-terials are taken primarily from pub-mulating the competition guidelines ters, diaries, business records and legal lished works and observations by Afri- and administering the evaluation documents; pamphlets, broadsides,can American authors on ways theprocess, the Library turned to the speeches, sheet music and otherblack community of the South adapted National Endowment for the Hu- printed matter. evangelical Christianity and made it amanities and the Council on Library University of Chicago Library metaphor for freedom, community andand Information Resources for ex- (lead institution) and the Filson Clubpersonal survival. Later works writtenpert guidance. Led by George Farr, HistoricalSocietyofLouisville,by African American church and laydirector of the Division of Preserva- Ky., for "The First American West: men and women tell the post-emanci-tion and Access of the National En- The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820." pation story of the growth of churchesdowment for the Humanities, and Amount of award: $145,596. This col- and their role in the face of disenfran-Deanna Marcum, president of the lection assembles 745 items from thechisement, segregation and bigotry. Council on Library and Information rare books, pamphlets, newspapers, Resources, three successive panels maps, prints and manuscripts col- evaluated applications for historical lected by Reuben T. Durrett and or significance, technical viability and the Filson Club Historical Society of (4/4 y., p r the relevance of collections to cur- Louisville, which he founded in 1884 7- rent and planned American Memory and named after John Filson, author of ao collections. The Discovery, Settlement and Present The primary criterion for evaluation State of Kentucke (1784), a promotional of an application was the significance tract recognized as the first history of .47 of the collection for historical under- 4..14 the state. These materials present a rich :0'- standing and its utility to students and picture of the Ohio River Valley from //1....1 the general public. Once evaluators the dawn of its Euro-American settle- had assessed the significance and util- ment to the passing of the frontier be- ity of the proposal, they assessed the yond the Mississippi River. t`. technical and administrative viability University of North Carolina, of the project. For the 1998-99 compe- Chapel Hill, for "The Church in the tition cycle, applications were ac- Southern Black Community: Begin- cepted for collections of textual and nings to 1920. Amount of award: graphic materials that illuminate $74,513. This collection of 19,000 pages Letter from Daniel Boone to Will-American history and culture begin- from approximately 100 works (includ- iam Cristen, 1785, from the Univer- ning with the contact period in 1492 ing slave narratives, autobiographies of sity of Chicago collection continued on page 100

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* s New On-Line Materials Debut Printed Ephemera, South Texas, Hispano Culture Featured

The National Digital Library (NDL) source items dating from the 17th cen-Hispano Music and Culture of the Program has recently added new multi-tury to the present and encompassesNorthern Rio Grande: media materials from the incompa-key events and eras in American his-The Juan B. Rael Collection rable collections of the Library of Con-tory. This preview of the digitized This is an on-line presentation of a gress to its American Memory Web site Printed Ephemera Collection presentsmultiformat ethnographic field col- (www.loc.gov). 50 items that capture the experience oflection documenting religious and More than 40 electronic collections are the American Revolution, slavery, thesecular music of Spanish-speaking now available in a public-private part-Western land rush, the Civil War,residents of rural Northern New nership that augments the $15 million in women's suffrage and the IndustrialMexico and Southern Colorado. In public funding dedicated to the NDLRevolution from the viewpoint of those1940, Juan Bautista Rael of Stanford Program. The goal of the NDL Program who lived through those events. University, a native of Arroyo Hondo, is to have 5 million items from the Li- A full release of this collection isN.M., used disc recording equipment brary and other repositories on-line byplanned for later this year. supplied by the Archive of American 2000, the Bicentennial of the Library of Folk Song (now the Archive of Folk Congress (www.loc.gov/bicentennial). The South Texas Border Culture, American Folklife Center) to The new materials are: 1900-1920: Photographs from thedocument alabados (hymns), folk Robert Runyon Collection drama, wedding songs and dance An American Time Capsule: This collection is a unique visual re-tunes. The collection also includes Three Centuries of Broadsides source documenting the Lower Riomanuscript materials and publica- and Other Printed Ephemera Grande Valley during the early 1900s.tions by Rael that provide insight The Library's Printed Ephemera Col-Runyon's photographs document theinto the rich musical heritage and lection is a rich repository of Ameri-history and development of Southcultural traditions of this region. cana. It comprises 28,000 primaryTexas and the border, including the The National Digital Library Pro- Mexican Revolution, the U.S. militarygram, which receives 75 percent of Awards presence at Fort Brown and alongits funding from private sources, continued from page 99 the border prior to and during Worldcelebrated exceeding its fund-raising War I, and the growth and develop-goal during an evening reception on and continuing through the Colo- ment of the Rio Grande Valley. April 13 (see story on page 92). nial and nation-building eras to 1920. The competition was especially interested in proposals that illuminate the exploration and Interpretive Programs Office, settlement of the American West. The competition was also inter- Manuscript Division Win Awards ested in science and technology, and church and society. The Society for History in the Fed-Smith and Mr. Gephart, both Manu- Additional information on the eral Government granted two prizes toscript historians in the Manuscript LC/Ameritech National Digital the Library of Congress at its annualDivision, edited the volume. Library Competition is available awards luncheon on March 19. The projects were "judged on the ba- at this Web site: memory.loc.gov/ The first, given jointly to the Inter-sis of research, style and thoroughness ammem/award. pretive Programs Office and to theof presentation to be outstanding con- Several previous award winners Manuscript Division, was the John tributions to research in the history of have already completed their digi- Wesley Powell Prize (for historical ex- the federal government for 1998." tization projects. These collections hibition) for "Religion and the Found-They were selected from among doz- are: "American Landscape and ing of the American Republic," and theens of submissions from federal agen- Architectural Design, 1850-1920," accompanying catalog of the same titlecies thoughout the United States. Exhi- from Harvard University's Frances prepared by James H. Hutson, chief ofbition Coordinator Giulia Adelfio of Loeb Library, Graduate School the Manuscript Division. The exhibi-the Interpretive Programs Office and of Design; "The Northern Great tion was on view at the Library fromMr. Hutson accepted the Powell Prize Plains, 1880-1920," from North June 4 through Aug. 22, 1998. on the Library's behalf; Mr. Smith and Dakota State University's Institute The second, awarded to Paul H.Mr. Gephart accepted the Jefferson for Regional Studies; "The South Smith and Ronald M. Gephart, was thePrize. Assistant Chief David Wigdor Texas Border, 1900-1920," from the Thomas Jefferson Prize (for documen-represented the Manuscript Division University of Texas at Austin's tary editing) for volume 25 of Letters ofat the awards ceremony, and Editor Center for American History. -Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789, the fi-Evelyn Sinclair represented the Pub- nal textual volume in that series. Mr. lishing Office. 100 106 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVAILABLE 3 t. "

American Film Treasures Library to Restore `The Emperor Jones'

The Library will receive support to Treasures of American Film Archives, is join Treasures of American Film Ar- an independent nonprofit organization chives, a project organized by the Na- created by the U.S. Congress to save tional Film Preservation Foundation in America's film heritage. The NFPF celebration of the year 2000. Through a supports film preservation activities $200,000 grant from The Pew Chari- nationwide that ensure the physical table Trusts, the Library and four other survival of film for future generations federal archives will now join this land- and improve access to film for study, mark initiative to preserve rare Ameri- education and exhibition. Information can films. on the foundation can be found at its Dr. Billington welcomed the grant: Web site: www.filmpreservation.org. "The American people have entrusted The Library of Congress's Motion Pic- our nation's film heritage to the Library ture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound of Congress and other archives, and we Division provides public access to the take our stewardship seriously. Only most comprehensive collectionof by working together with this kind of American and foreign-produced film support can we save this vital historical and television in the world. Through the record." American Television and Radio Archive Involving 17 archives throughout the Act of 1976 and the National Film Pres- United States, Treasures of American ervation Act of 1988, the Library has a Film Archives marks the largest col-Paul Robeson as The Emperorcongressional mandate to preserve the laborative preservation and access ini-Jones, 1933 cultural record of American film and tiative to be undertaken by the Ameri- broadcast history, as well as lead the de- can archivalcommunity.Itwill The Edison Laboratory Collectionvelopment of the country's moving-im- preserve films intimately documentingdocuments the experiments and opera- age preservation policies. American life and culture, in almosttions of the famed inventor's labora- The backbone of the collection is the every category of filmmaking fromtory in West Orange, N.J., from the turn more than 500,000 motion pictures and cinema's first 100 years. of the century through the mid-1920s. television programs deposited for Preserving this important art form Included is original 35mm nitratecopyright. Special holdings include the requires expensive, continuing care tofootage of Edison's efforts to assist the Paper Print Collection of 3,000 pre-1915 prevent loss by destruction. This ambi-War Department during World War I, films registered for copyright as rolls of tious project will preserve and show-educational films on the development still photographs, 20,000 kinescopes of case a wide range of American "orphan of the electric light, as well as Edison cel- NBC programming from the 1940s films," or works not protected by com- ebrating his 75th birthday, talking on the through the early '70s, the PBS Collec- mercial interests, including newsreels,radio and meeting young protegees. tion of 24,000 tapes and films, as well as silent-era films, documentaries, home Pioneering anthropologist Margaretseparate collections of studio films movies, avant-garde works and inde-Mead used film extensively as part offrom Warner Bros., Columbia, RKO pendent productions. her research. The Library holds the fulland Paramount. For its part of the initiative, therecord of her ethnographic work The Library also has two moving-im- Library will save and restore manyfield notes, manuscripts, photographs,age preservation laboratories: the Mag- rare, important American films, in-and films and will now preserve thenetic Recording Laboratory in Washing- cluding "The Emperor Jones," thefootage she and husband Gregoryton, D.C., and the Motion Picture renowned 1933 film starring Paul Bateson shot in Bali from 1936 to 1939. Conservation Center (MPCC) in Day- Robeson, along with films from two The Pew Charitable Trusts support ton, Ohio. Since 1970 the MPCC has pre- collections vital to American historynonprofit activities in the areas of cul- served more than 15,000 feature films, and culture: the Thomas Edison and ture,education, the environment, television programs and short subjects, Margaret Mead collections. health and human services, publicmaking the Library the largest publicly Emperor Jones is perhaps Robeson'spolicy and religion. Based in Philadel-funded motion picture preservation or- most famous film role. Based on thephia, the Trusts make strategic invest-ganization in the United States. play by Eugene O'Neill, the film tracesments to help organizations and citi- The Motion Picture, Broadcasting the rise of a railroad porter who rises tozens develop practical solutions toand Recorded Sound Division sup- Caribbean king through murder, bra-difficult problems. In 1998, with ap-ports a public exhibition program vado and sheer energy. The Library proximately $4.734 billion in assets, thethrough its Mary Pickford Theater and will restore "The Emperor Jones" from Trusts granted more than $213 millionprovides free access to qualified re- an original 35mm nitrate negative in itsto 298 nonprofit organizations. searchers in the Film and Television Motion Picture Conservation Center in The National Film PreservationReading Room.Its Web siteis: Dayton, Ohio. Foundation (NFPF), organizer of thewww.loc.gov/rr/mopic. MAY 1999 101 107 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 0 aP

s %--f?/ z

H +an' New Director for Folklife Center Bulger Brings Regional Folk Experience

Margaret Anne "Peggy" Bulger, se- "As a folklorist who has utilized the nior program officer with the Southern impressive resources of the American Arts Federation in Atlanta, has been Folklife Center, I look forward to work- appointed the director of the American ing with the center's dedicated staff Folk life Center at the Library. and the advanced technology of the Ms. Bulger succeeds Alan Jabbour. Library to make the American Folklife Ms. Bulger will assume her duties on Center and its collections available to July 6. However, she participated as all," she continued. "The National director-designate during a March Digital Library project, as well as the meeting of the American Folk life Cen- grassroots programs that have been ter Board of Trustees at the Library. developed to celebrate the Bicentennial She began her service at the Southern of the Library, will be instrumental in Arts Federation in 1989 as the regional this effort to reach all communities folk arts program coordinator, with re- with our national collections." sponsibilities for developing the folk Ms. Bulger added: "The United arts program in nine Southern states. States is a nation blessed with a diver- Through progressively responsible Margaret Anne "Peggy" Bulger sity of culture and human creativity. positions at the federation, Ms. Bulger There is a growing awareness concern- gained a range of experience in folklife, excited to be part of the nation'sing the essential role played by folk public programming, fund-raising,Library, and the American Folklifeheritage, folk culture and folk arts in management and communications. Center." She noted the importance ofour nation. A healthy America de- Ms. Bulger was folk arts coordinatorthe Archive of American Folk Song asmands a respect for, and pride in, the and state folklorist for the state of"an invaluable resource for scholarsvariety of cultures and traditions that Florida, serving in the Bureau ofand collectors of traditional music andcomprise our national profile. The Florida Folk life Programs from 1976 to song" and praised the work of the American Folklife Center is a center for 1989. In this position, she establishedAmerican Folklife Center since itsthe people, ensuring that these cultural the Florida Folk life Archives. Previ-founding in 1976 to complement andresources are preserved and celebrated ously, Ms. Bulger coordinated the Tra-expand upon that collection and tothroughout the years to come." ditional Folk life Project at the Appala-preserve and present American folk In addition to the professional posi- chian Museum affiliated with Bereaculture and heritage. tions she has held, Ms. Bulger has been College (Kentucky) from 1975 to 1976. "I hope to build upon the good workactive in the larger American folklife Said Associate Librarian for Libraryof the past 23 years as we all move intocommunity. "In particular, she has Services Winston Tabb in announcingthe next millennium," Ms. Bulger said. been active in the single most impor- Ms. Bulger 's appointment: "This broad "With the center's permanent authori-tant society relating to her area of range of experience in folklife and pub-zation last year, all Americans can re-expertise the American Folklore lic folklife administration, covering ajoice that we are now poised to move Society of which she is currently period exceeding two decades, unique-forward with essential programs thatpresident elect," Mr. Tabb said. ly suits Dr. Bulger for the role of direc-will ensure theaccessibility and Ms. Bulger has written or edited a tor of the American Folklife Center." growth of the collections for genera-number of professional works, includ- Said Ms. Bulger: "I am honored and tions to come. ing South Florida Folklife (University of Mississippi Press, 1994) and Musical Gifts five-volume work by E. Millicent Roots of the South (Southern Arts Fed- continued from page 91 Sowerby, curators of the Jefferson eration, 1992). In 1992, she won the materials have created "A List of Wayland D. Hand Prize for best article antiquarian book dealers to locateDesiderata" to aid in the search for published in The Folklore Historian. titles and editions matching thosethe same titles and editions for She was awarded the M.A. degree in of the 897 volumes still missingreplacements. folk studies from Western Kentucky from the Jefferson Library. New Said Rare Book and Special Collec- University in 1975. While doing her acquisitions, together with bookstions Chief Mark Dimunation, "The graduate work, she served as an assis- and manuscripts of Jefferson's al-task is to build in one year what took tant in the university's folklife ar- ready on hand at the Library, willhim a lifetime to build.... Some chives, for which she organized the be part of a major Jefferson exhibi-items have not been seen at auction Wilgus collection of folk songs and bal- tion in 2000, the Librarian said. in 100 years." lads and helped acquire the Carter Using various catalogs, includ- family recording archive. In 1992, she ing one created by Jefferson him-Ms. Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, received a Ph.D., with honors, in folk- self, and principally a thorough the Library's staff newspaper. lore and folklife from the University of Pennsylvania. 102 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVAILABLE 108 To Have and To Hold Annual Preservation Workshop Draws Crowds

The problems of keeping, organizing and storing old family photographs, important papers or special books that are fading, yellowing and growing ever more fragile are common to individuals as well as to libraries and museums around the world. On April 13, the Library of Congress held its fourth annual free workshop to help the public learn more about handling, cleaning, preserving and storing these valuable materials. The first Preservation Awareness Workshop, held in 1996, proved so successful, with more than 600 people in attendance, that the Library's Preservation Directorate decided to make the workshop an annual event. In addition to the Library's professional conservation and curatorial staff, representatives of nonprofit professional associations in the preservation field as well as companies that manufacture and distribute conservation products were there to answer questions and offer other information on preservation products and issues. For the second year, Allan J. Stypeck, host of the popular Manta Glance National Public Radio show "The Book Guys," was on handStudents from Gallaudet University in front of a to appraise (free of charge) old books, prints, photographs, display booth in the vendor area of the workshop, manuscripts and sound recordings. which was held in the Thomas Jefferson Building In addition, professional conservators, members of the this year American Institute for Conservation, were available to assess the condition of personal books, documents and photographs and to offer specific conservation treatment options and storage advice. Co-sponsored by the Library's Center for the Book and the Preservation Directorate, the workshop was part of the Library's celebration of National Library Week. Throughout the day, visitors saw demonstrations of gold tooling, paper mending, book sewing, materials testing and matting and hinging of works of art on paper. Library staff at table displays answered questions as well as provided printed information on the handling, cleaning and storage 4 of books, papers and documents, fine prints, photographs, CDs, sound recordings and motion picture film. Slide presentations focused on some of the factors that place personal collections at risk. Manta Clance

Manta Clance Senior Book Conservator Lynn Kidder sews the pages of a book in a book sewing frame; Glen Ruzicka offers a conservation assessment; Wans Wang of the collections care book repair unit (left) discusses book care with a workshop attendee. Manta Glance MAY 1999 103

109 Charles and Ray Eames posing for a Christmas card with a sculpture they carved from a plywood splint, 1944; "Kazam!" machine in the Eameses' Los Angeles apartment, 1941

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I 104 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 3> 110 0 ,

Hf S S `Kazamr Major Exhibition of Work of American Designers Charles and Ray Eames Opens

By CRAIG D'OOGE vation that infused the Eameses' lifebuildings, toys, films, multimedia A major exhibition of the work ofand work. presentations, exhibits and books, American designers Charles and Ray Charles (1907-1978) and Ray (1912- including more than 50 projects for Eames opens at the Library of Con-1988) Eames had a profound influ-their major client, IBM, such as the gress on May 20 with a "Kazam!" ence on design in the latter half of theIBM Pavilion at the 1964 New York That's the name the husband-and-20th century, both in the UnitedWorld's Fair. wife design team gave to an appara-States and throughout the world. The Eameses' influence on Ameri- tus they built out of scrap wood andTaking as their motto "the most ofcan style and taste is so profound as a bicycle pump to mold plywoodthe best to the greatest number ofto be almost indiscernible. But every into chairs. The "Kazam!" machinepeople for the least," they are per-time we pick up a Pottery Barn cata- will sit outside the entrance to the ex-haps best known for the form-fittinglog, snap together a shelf from Ikea, hibition "The Work of Charles andchairs that were produced in theor spread out a rug from Pier 1, Ray Eames: A Legacy of Invention"1940s and 1950s using the mass pro-Charles and Ray Eames are not far in the Library's Great Hall, a fittingduction techniques they invented.away. In part, this is because of symbol for the spirit of playful inno-But they also designed and createdtheir design philosophy, which was

Color sketch for postcard promoting Eames chairs; finished version of postcard

MAY 1999 105 z

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Assembled composite from "Glimpses of the U.S.A.," a seven-screen slide show created by the Eames Office for the Amer- ican National Exhibition in Moscow, 1959; staff members John Whitney, Charles and Ray Eames, Parke Meek and John Neuhart in model of the dome of the American National Exhibition

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Design Museum and many personal items on temporary loan from Lucia Eames, daughter of Charles, and from the Eames Office, which continues to function today under the direction of their grandson, Eames Demetrios. The design of the exhibition by Hodgetts + Fung Design Associates can only be described as "Eamesian": light, modular panels with exposed structural elements, accented with bright blocks of color and a profu- sion of objects, images and audio- visual displays that playfully under- cut conventional notions of scale, harmony and linear exposition. After all, the Eameses were the people who created one of the first multiscreen founded on finding lasting solutionsacquired the contents of the Eamesfilms: "Glimpses of the U.S.A.," a to fundamental needs, but also be-Office in Los Angeles in 1988, shortlyseven-screen extravaganza commis- cause they worked closely with largeafter Ray died. sioned by the U.S. Information corporate and government entities More than 500 items have beenAgency in 1959 for an exhibition in to expose their design solutions toselected for the exhibition. The ma-Moscow. The innovative work prac- as many people as possible. Theterials come primarily from threetically buried Russian audiences un- Library's exhibition, organized insources: photographs, drawingsder some 2,200 images of a day in the partnership with the Vitra Designand documents from the Library'slife of the United States, both in slide Museum, in Weil am Rhein, Ger-collection of more than 1 millionand film. Russians lined up for many, is the first posthumous retro-items donated by Ray; furnitureblocks to get in and reportedly left in spective of their work. The Libraryfrom the collections of the Vitratears after seeing the sheer scope of

106 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Lounge chair and ottoman, 1956 what capitalism provided. For the Library's exhibition, "Glimpses" has been adapted to an array of seven television monitors. The exhibition is organized into five sections"Fur- niture," "Space," "Beauty," "Culture" and "Science," with a sixth section devoted to the personal stories of Charles and Ray Eames and it integrates artifacts, photographs, films and video interviews in a comprehensive examination of the design team's intellectual foundations and creative evolution. Charles and Ray Eames witnessed firsthand many of the momentous events of the 20th century, such as the Depression and World War II. Their lives and work encompassed some of the country's defining social movements: the emerging importance of America's WestCharles (in lift), Ray and staff outside their office Coast, the rise of corporate and industrial America andfilming the picnic scene for the first version of the global expansion of American culture. Providing "Powers of Ten," 1968. the basic human needs of shelter, comfort and knowledge was at the core of the Eameses' philosophy of de- graphics, as well as examples of the four types of chairs sign. As noted by Donald Albrecht, the exhibition's di- that the Eameses designed for Herman Miller: molded rector and catalog editor, the Eameses were partners plywood, fiberglass-reinforced plastic, bent and welded- with the federal government and the country's top wire mesh and cast aluminum. This section also includes businesses in a rare era when they all shared the same advertisements, comics and other ephemera that trace the objectives in leading the charge to modernize postwar visual history of the chairs as they echoed through popu- America. lar culture, from Dick Tracy to ads for detergent. A 6-foot- To understand the processes that led to the Eameses' high wooden drum sits in the middle of the exhibition. achievements, the exhibition focuses on the chal- It was used in the landmark exhibit "New Furniture lenges that were posed to them by clients such as Designed by Charles Eames" at the Museum of Modern Herman Miller Inc., IBM, Westinghouse, Boeing and Art in 1946 to dramatize the durability of one of the Polaroid, as well as problems they posed to them- Eameses' plywood chairs. It is an extremely simple, but selves, such as how to produce affordable, high-qual- powerful demonstration: as the drum rotates, the chair ity furniture; how to build economical, well-designed within tumbles endlessly. space for living and working; how to help people see The "Space" section examines the Eameses' contribution beauty in the everyday; how to help Americans and to America's postwar need for mass-produced housing, other cultures understand each other; and how to including their own steel-and-glass home in Los Angeles make fundamental scientific principles accessible toand the office they created in a converted garage. The steel the public. frame house was assembled on the site in 1949 out of The section of the exhibition devoted to "Furniture" industrial components, in answer to a challenge for afford- features prototypes, experiments and promotionalable "case study" housing ideas posed by a magazine.

MAY 1999 107 1.1.3 z

A 7-foot-long model of the house, a filmed walk-through and decorative objects collected by the Eameses during their world travels are featured in the exhibition. The Eameses' ability to recognize beauty in the everyday stands out in the section titled "Beauty." Here the Eameses' films are shown, as well as Ray's sculptures. The film "Black- top" will be projected on the floor: nothing more than soapsuds on as- phalt, but Charles added the music of Bach, creating a poetic effect. Ray also was a master at transforming the ordinary, as witnessed by the elegant sculptures she fashioned that were inspired by the un- dulating curves of a leg splint that the couple manufactured for the Navy. A large light table is strewn with hundreds of slides of abstract images, only a small sample of the thousands the Eameses took to provide themselves with visual stimula- tion. Visitors are invited to pull out drawers that contain samples of Ray's "collections": ornaments, old '14t1.40." paint tubes, dolls, fabric samples, whatever caught her fancy and provided inspiration. The "Culture" section features "Glimpses of the U.S.A." as well as images and objects collected duringRay and Charles Eames workingon a model for the exhibition their travels, especially in India and Mathematica, 1960 Mexico. The Eames eye picked out objects they encountered that exem- In addition to the films, the exhibi-Lipstadt and Philip and Phylis plified fundamental principles of de-tion also will feature video oral histo-Morrison. Responsibility for concept sign, such as the traditional Indianries with friends, family and col-development of the exhibition was water jug, the iota, in which they rec-leagues, all of whom informed orshared by Donald Albrecht and ognized the culmination of a set ofbenefited from their vision. The mediaHodgetts + Fung Design Associates, complex factors that form all goodcomponents are produced by Eamesin collaboration with the organizing design solutions. Demetrios, Charles's grandson, whoinstitutions. For the Library Con- "Science" focuses on the films oncurrently heads the Eames Office. gress, the exhibition was developed various subjects that they produced. Funding for the exhibition wasby the Interpretive Programs Office, The films are screened within aprovided by IBM, Herman Miller Inc. headed by Irene Chambers, with small theater constructed in theand Vitra AG. Additional supportGiulia Adelfio as exhibit coordinator. Northwest Pavilion of the Jeffersonwas provided by CCI Inc. and theAfter the exhibition opens, an elec- Building and furnished with theEames Office, which also contributedtronic version will be available on the chairs they designed for Washing-ideas, expertise and creativity. TheLibrary's Web site at www.loc.gov. ton Dulles Airport, among otherLibrary's installation was made pos-The exhibit closes on Sept. 4, after places. The production panels thatsible by additional support fromwhich it will travel to the Cooper- were laboriously created by handHerman Miller Inc. Hewitt Design Museum in New York for their famous film "Powers of The accompanying catalog, pub-(Oct. 12, 1999Jan. 9, 2000), the St. Ten" encircle the theater, with thelishedin English by Harry N.Louis Art Museum (Feb. 9 May 14, film itself projected on a screen over-Abrams, N.Y., and in German by2000) and the Los Angeles County head. Research notes, correspon-Ernst & Sohn, Berlin, has won fourMuseum of Art (June 25Sept. 11, dence, animation cells and otherawards, including one from the Soci-2000). It has already been to Ger- production materials document theety of Architectural Historians. Es-many, Denmark and London. extensive creative process that liessays were contributed by Donald behind this simple, basic demon-Albrecht, Beatriz Colomina, JosephMr. D'Ooge is media director in the stration of the concept of scale. Giovannini, Alan Lightman, Helene Public Affairs Office.

108 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 1.14 O

Exhibiting 'Eames' Library Takes Special Care to SafeguardCollections

BY MARK ROOSA Mounting an exhibition, such as "The Work of Charles and Ray Eames," requires much more than selecting items and placing them on display. In addition to the major work performed by the Library's Interpretive Programs Office, the Conservation Division also plays an important role in ensuring that the materials many of which are rare and fragile are not harmed by their exposure. The Library like all institutions that offer exhibitions must maintain a balance between providing public access to its vast collections through exhibitions while also taking impec- cable care of the items exhibited. The Eames exhibition that opens at the Library on May 20 (one of four domestic and three European venues; Manta Glance a decision on a Far East tour is pend-Exhibits Conservator Rikki Condon prepares an Eames model for the upcoming exhibition; dining chair and folding wall screen (below), 1946 ing) will offer objects that will not be seen at its other venues, such as an as-limits and exhibition-housing require- sortment of beautifully crafted three- tom-fitted exhibition supports for all ments and determined conservationitems. In some cases, exhibition cases dimensional models created for thetreatment needs. must be constructed to the Library's IBM Pavilion at the 1964 New York Because the exhibition includes ar-strict conservation specifications. Once World's Fair. "I marveled at the intri-chitectural drawings, photographs,the exhibition opens, Library staff will cacy of their construction," said Exhi-collages, watercolor sketches, pastels,monitor the objects on display and bition Conservator Rikki Condon. ink manuscripts and multimedia 3-Dkeep a careful eye on the temperature Three years before the exhibitionmodels a total of more than 500and relative humidity of the exhibition was scheduled to open, the Conserva-items Ms. Condon had to be veryspace. tion Division began a series of prelimi-strict with the time allotted for conser- Safeguarding the Library's treasures nary reviews to create a final list ofvation treatments. Many items were sodoes not stop in the conservation lab. items for inclusion. Ms. Condon exam- light-sensitive that between two andOn many occasions, Ms. Condon has ined hundreds of items, set conserva-four alternative items had to be chosenbeen required to accompany objects to tion guidelines such as light-exposure to rotate over the life of the exhibition.their destination. For the recent travel- Thesereviewsspannedseveraling exhibition "From the Ends of the months and led to a final list with aEarth: Judaic Treasures of the Library numbering system describing eachof Congress," Ms. Condon's adventure item, how long it could remain on dis-included riding along with 165 objects play, its size and media. for 24 hours in a 48-foot, climate-con- The exhibition material was photo-trolled big rig to Dallas, where the ex- graphed and brought to the conserva-hibition opened. The expert packing tion laboratory for minor treatmentsand uncrating by fine arts handling such as flattening, dry-cleaning withcompanies also play a crucial role in an eraser and mending. Condition re-the success of a traveling exhibition. ports were created for each item, de- The work of Charles and Ray Eames tailing its unique physical features and will see Ms. Condon as needed in other exhibition requirements. Most art-on-venues to ensure that the objects are in paper objects were encapsulated inthe same condition as when they left polyester or housed in mats and the Library. frames to protect them from the rigors of exhibition travel and installation. Mr. Roosa is chief of the Conservation For virtually all exhibitions in-house Division. He thanks Ms. Condon for or elsewhere, the Library provides cus-assistance in preparing this article. MAY 1999 109 115 z Song of Himself Walt Whitman Biographer Speaks at Library

BY YVONNE FRENCH It was almost as if Walt Whitman himself were there when his most recent biographer gave a talk in the Mumford Room for a "Books & Beyond" lecture March 22. Not only did Jerome Loving, author of Walt Whitman: Song of Him- self (University of California Press, 1999), show a number of slides of Whitman and his family and play a recording of the poem "America" (believed to be the only extant recording of the poet's actual voice), but on display were a larger-than- life white plaster bust of Whitman, a lock of his gray hair cut on the day of his death, a bronze cast of his hand, his fountain pen, spectacles and Calamus-root cane, his hastily hand-drawn design for his burial vault and an 1892 Frank Leslie's Yvonne French Weekly showing various scenesAlice Birney, American literature manuscript historian in the from his funeral. Library's Manuscript Division, and Walt Whitman biographer Jerome The exhibition, mounted by Ameri-Loving discuss Whitman's work at an exhibition of his personal can Literature Manuscript Historianeffects shortly before Mr. Loving took the podium in a Books & Alice Birney of the Manuscript Divi-Beyond lecture March 22. sion, was selected from items in the Charles Feinberg/Walt WhitmanCivil War as "Whitman was making Collection. Notably, the exhibitionhis way through that now-famous also included the famous July 21,'long foreground' [also mentioned in 1855, letter in which Ralph Waldothe letter] that Emerson recognized Emerson greets the upstart Whitmanwhen he first read Whitman's poetry at the "beginning of a great career"in 1855," said Mr. Loving. Eventu- and an 1870 broadside copy of theally, though not during his lifetime, letter reprinted by Whitman. Mr.Whitman's "free versification and Loving described how Whitmandaringly fresh content would revo- rearranged the original paragraphlutionize American poetry," Ms. to emphasize the complimentaryBirney said. phrase. Mr. Loving explained: "His poetic Said John Y. Cole, director of thecareer began almost by accident, in Center for the Book, which sponsorsthe early composition of Leaves of the "Books & Beyond" lecture series:Grass. A former printer, he set up part "Professor Loving relied on theof the first 1855 edition himself and Library's holdings and on help fromfirst discovered the transformative Alice Birney in the research for hispower of the printed page. The book....Alice and Jerry haveprinter's term for such experimental worked on and off on variouswriting was 'grass,' or the job to be Whitman projects for almost nineput up during idle times." years." Mr. Cole also noted that Mr. He discussed the influence of the Loving had been interviewed earlierCivil War on the book, and said: "Its in the day on National Public Radiomettle 'tested' by the Civil War, Walt Whitman, age 37, Fulton St.,and that his talk was filmed for tele-Leaves of Grass reshaped the canon of Brooklyn, N.Y.,steel engraving cast on C-SPAN2's "BookTV." It wasAmerican literature and probably re- by Samuel Hollyer from a lost da-to air on May 2. mains today its central document. ... guerreotype by Gabriel Harrison. The biography begins before the[It] pretty well put America on the

110 116 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN world literary map, certainly inneeded a new critical and freshly terms of the 20th century apprecia-documented life of the poet after al- tion of our national literature. most 40 years something repre- "In the first Leaves of Grass he intro-senting the scholarship and discover- duced two ingredients thus far un-ies occurring since the publication by known to American poetry, at least asmy mentor, the late Gay Wilson directly and significantly as they ap-Allen, of The Solitary Singer in 1955. peared in Whitman: sex and jobs. TheHence, Mr. Loving's book is pro- first was inspired by Emerson and themoted as "the first full-length critical transcendentalists, who said that allbiography of Walt Whitman in more nature was an emblem of spirit, or God. than 40 years." If so, why not celebrate sex, which was Mr. Loving also said he wanted to a part of nature? The second was the refocus attention on what makes American pastime for work. The work Whitman great: his poetry. "After the of the average: the lawyer, the laborer,war ... [and] after he had been dis- the seamstress, the mother, the brother, missed from his government job in the sister, even the Irish prostitute. Washington for being the author of a Whitman celebrates what he calls 'the 'dirty book,' Whitman set aside the Divine Average' probably the mostrest of his life to seek the acceptance wonderful oxymoron democracy ever of Leaves of Grass by the American produced. ... The poet reasoned that ifpeople. As he wrote in the preface to according to transcendentalist doc-his first edition: 'The proof of a poet trine everyone was divine becauseis that his country absorbs him as af-Early 1880s photograph, by the nature was emblematic of God, then all fectionately as he has absorbed it. Phillips and Taylor photographic were equal, politically equal, including If the appreciative murmuringsstudio in Philadelphia, of Walt women, whom Whitman treatedand attentive questions of the audi-Whitman holding what is probably equally with men. ence at the lecture were any indica-a butterfly prop, though the poet "This idea of equality and self-tion, Mr. Whitman may rest assuredat times claimed it was a live crea- divinity also meant that one could that it has. ture. A painted cardboard butter- celebrate himself or herself. And so Mr. Loving has written many ar-fly with wire finger mount is part the first poem of the first edition ofticles about Whitman, Whitman'sof the Library's Harned/Whitman Leaves of Grass began: 'I celebratefriends and his biographers. He also is Collection. myself [and sing myself] / And whatthe author of four books: Lost in the I assume you shall assume, / ForCustomhouse: Authorship in the Ameri- edition of Whitman's Leaves of Grass every atom belonging to me as good can Renaissance (1993); Emily Dickinson: that was published in 1990 by Oxford belongs to you."' The Poet on the Second Story (1986);University Press. He is a professor of Mr. Loving had first contemplatedEmerson, Whitman and the American English at Texas A&M University. writing a book about Whitman's bi-Muse (1982); and Walt Whitman's ographers, but feared "we were get-Champion: William Douglas O'Connor. Ms. French is a public affairs specialist ting away from the facts. I felt weHe has edited, among other works, an in the Public Affairs Office.

Kluge tion for the Library. The Madisonernment Publications Division. continued from page 93 Council is heading this Bicentennial Council members learned more Gifts to the Nation project to add his-about the Library's collections from Joining him was tenor Mark McVey,torically significant items to LibrarySamuel S. Brylawski of the Motion whose shows have included Lesarchives and foster scholarship andPicture, Broadcasting and Recorded Miserables, Carousel, My Fair Lady,curatorships (see story on page 91). Sound Division, who discussed the South Pacific and Show Boat. As a result of Acquisitions Commit-Bob Hope collection; Mark E. Horo- During its semiannual businesstee recommendations to the full coun-witz of the Music division, who meetings, the Madison Council fo-cil and the council's fund-raising ef-discussed the papers of ballerina cused on projects related to theforts, the Library has been able toAlexandra Danilova; Jennifer Cutting Library's Bicentennial in 2000. Meet-acquire materials valued at $4.8 mil-of the American Folklife Center, whose ing highlights included a luncheonlion during the past four years. topic was blues legend Robert talk by former Secretary of State Henry The Madison Council also heardJohnson; and Ieda Siqueira Wiarda of A. Kissinger. about the Library's general collectionsthe Hispanic Division, who discoursed The council's Acquisitions Commit-from Steven J. Herman, chief of theon the Library's collection of 6,000 tee, chaired by Edwin L. Cox of theCollections Management Division; Ri-chapbookssmall books of verse and Edwin L. Cox Co., and philanthropistchard F. Sharp and Constance Carter oftopical commentary from Brazil. Caroline Ahmanson, met to considerthe Science, Technology and Business rare and important materials sug-Division; and Georgia M. Higley andMs. Fineberg is editor of the Library's gested by Library curators for acquisi-Lyle W. Minter of the Serial and Gov-staff newspaper, The Gazette.

MAY 1999 111 117 z Pioneering Arab-American Papers of Ameen Rihani Donated to Library

BY ALICE L. BIRNEY War I, British policy in Southwesternnew style of poetry was published as The Albert Ferris Rihani family has Arabia, the Pan-Arab movement, ag-early as 1905. It flourished in the Arab donated to the Library of Congressnosticism,landscape paintinginworld and continued to lead modern facsimiles of the manuscripts of all ofAmerica, the Russian ballet andArabic poetry after his death and the English works of pioneer Arab-Shakespeare's Richard III. throughout the second half of the 20th American author Ameen F. Rihani Rihani is recognized as the foundercentury. (1876-1940). of Arab-American literature and the Ameen Rihani's upbringing and the Rihani was the first American offorerunner of ethnic American litera-nature of his intellect shaped him into Arab heritage to devote himself toture written by popular Middle East-a true bilingual and bicultural author. writing literature, to publish a novel inern writers. He was regarded as a men-He was born Nov. 24, 1876, in Freike, English, and the first Arab author totor by Kahlil Gibran, a younger writerLebanon, where his father, Ferris, was write English essays, poetry, novels,whom Rihani befriended in New York.a raw silk manufacturer. He was sent short stories, art critiques and travelGibran was particularly influenced byto the United States at age 12 with chronicles. He was the author of 29Rihani's major novel, Book of Khalid,his uncle Salamon who opened a volumes in English. His early writingswhich came out in 1911. It establisheddrygoods store. The father followed in English mark the beginning of athe basic characteristics of Arab-the next year. The boy was soon taken body of literature that is Arab in its in-American literature in general andout of school to do the paperwork for terest, culture and characteristics, En-Lebanese-American literature in par-the family business in a small cellar in glish in language and American inticular: the motifs of wisdom andlower Manhattan. During this period, spirit. He published in the Unitedprophecy that seek to reconcile matterhe read widely, discovering Hugo, States during the first three decades ofand spirit, and reason and faith, and toShakespeare,Keats,Shelley and this century in many major magazinesunify the beliefs of East and WestWhitman, among other classic authors and newspapers. within a larger universal vision. of Western civilization. This unique set of photocopied Rihani's books on the Arab world, In 1895 he decided to become an ac- manuscripts will make the unpub-written in both Arabic and English,tor and toured with a Shakespearean lished primary documents of this in-represent an alternative perspective to theater troupe. Pining for a formal fluential poet much more accessible tothe "Orientalist" movement by giving education, he was accepted at New scholars. (The originals will remain inthat world, for the first time, an objec- York Law School in 1897. When a lung the family museum in Freike, Leba-tive and analytical description from aninfection interrupted that course of non.) The collection recently was pro-Arab point of view. His Kings of Arabia study, he returned to Lebanon to recu- cessed and is now available for re-marks the beginning of the "counter-perate. There he relearned his native search in the Manuscript DivisionOrientalist" movement. Arabic and began teaching English. He Reading Room. A program marking According to University of Pennsyl-also studied the Arab poets and their the donation and the centennial of thevania professor of Arabic Roger Allen, culture. founding of the modern kingdom ofRihani and his fellow Arab immigrants Rihani returned to New York in 1898 Saudi Arabia was held at the Librarywere leaders in "the literary move-and began publishing in both lan- April 20 (see story on page 113). ment that was so crucial to the life andguages at the turn of the century. In The papers consist of some 1,250development of certain communities1904 he returned to Freike for a five- items of correspondence (including inin the United States [especially Brook-year period during which he lectured coming letters), biographical material,lyn, Cincinnati and Detroit] and also toand published essays, allegories, sto- drafts of essays, historical and politicalthe development of cultural and liter-ries and plays in Arabic. analyses, literary criticism, novels,ary ties to the Middle East region. After returning again to New York, in short stories, plays, poetry and travel "In view of not only the breadth and1916 he married Bertha Case, an Ameri- literature reflecting Rihani's Arab-sophistication of his own learning butcan artist who was part of the Matisse, American heritage and the cultures of also the extreme shortage of studies onPicasso, Cezanne and Derain group both the Middle East and the West. the heritage and 20th century develop-who frequently worked and exhibited The collection also includes many ofment of Arabic literature," he contin-together in France. In 1922 Rihani trav- his unpublished manuscripts: a socialued, "these studies must be of theeled again to the Arabian peninsula, study describing the vanished Mayanhighest value to specialists in Arabicwhere he met, interviewed and be- culture, a verse tragedy, a novel aboutliterature and to all those who are con-friended many rulers. He lectured a World War I romance, essays, poetrycerned with the history of immigrantwidely, often carrying the banner of written in 1921-1940 as well as literarycommunities in the United States." American democracy and Arab inde- and political letters. Rihani was influenced by the Ameri-pendence from Ottoman Turkey and Some of the essay subjects that illus-can poet Walt Whitman and intro-Europe. He died at his birthplace in trate the range of Rihani's interests in-duced free verse to Arabic poetry 1940 and was buried in the family cem- clude: the Ottoman Empire, Worldthrough his Hymn of the Valleys. His etery following a funeral attended by

112 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 118 Library Celebrates Gift of Rihani Papers and Saudi Centennial

BY MARY-JANE DEEB On April 20, the African and Middle Eastern Division and the Manuscript Division hosted a special event to celebrate the gift of the Ameen Rihani papers to the Library and the centennial of the founding of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. More than 150 diplomats, Arab dignitaries, CEOs of U.S. companies, academics, U.S. military officials, journalists and others attended. Following the reception the guests listened to remarks from May Rihani, the niece of Ameen Rihani and vice president N. Byers of the Academy of Educational Development; Adel Al-Jubeir, Adel Al-Jubeir, the special assistant to Prince the special assistant to Prince Bandar bin Sultan, the ambassa- Bandar bin Sultan, the ambassador of Saudi Arabia, dor of Saudi Arabia; and John Duke Anthony, president and was at the Library to celebrate that country's cen- CEO of the National Council on U.S.-Arab Relations. tennial; May Rihani, niece of author Ameen Rihani, Dr. Billington thanked the Rihani family for the gift of their represented his family in their gift to the Library. uncle's papers, and noted that the Library has the published works of Ameen Rihani, "which have graced the Library's book- shelves these many years, and are to be found in the African and Middle Eastern Reading Room." May Rihani discussed the principles of openness and tolerance that shaped the life and writings of Ameen Rihani and of his tireless efforts to promote better ties between the United States and the Arab world. Adel Al-Jubeir focused on the relations between King Abd al-Aziz of Saudi Arabia and Presi- dent Roosevelt in the 1930s and how those close personal ties led to strong political and economic ties between their two countries in the following decades. The last speaker, John Duke Anthony, described the important role played by the National Council on U.S.-Arab Relations in promoting a better understanding of the Arab world in the United States.

Ms. Deeb is an Arab world area specialist in the African and Middle Eastern

Division. N. Alicia Byers

Arab rulers and foreign diplomats. Al- orary membership in the Italian Artin English." This comprehensive study though Rihani and his wife had beenClub of New York and was a memberdescribed Rihani as "a man who be- divorced, she visited the family in Leba- of the Pleiades Club, the Authors Club, lieved passionately in the oneness of the non in 1953. According to her wishes,the New York Press Club and the Po-world's religions and the brotherhood her ashes were buried near his mauso-etry Society of America. His travelsof all nations." Mr. Bushrui saw Rihani leum after her death in New York in were reported in The New York Times,as "a dedicated liberal," with idealism 1970 at the age of 91. Their correspon-and he was entertained by diplomats"tempered with a very practical recog- dence is included in the collection. and men of letters in New York andnition of the need for an ordered, disci- Terri De Young, associate professorBoston, as well as in Lebanon, Syria,plined society," and the beneficiary of of Arabic at the University of Washing- Iraq, Palestine, Morocco, England and"a rich synthesis of Christian-Muslim ton, called Rihani "one of the pioneers Mexico. One of the receptions held fortraditions." Mr. Bushrui also noted in the literary movement he belongedhim in the shade of the pyramids at-Rihani's deep interest in American to." She noted that the Library's acqui-tracted 5,000 guests. He was a memberauthors such as Emerson, Thoreau and sition of facsimiles of his papers "is of the Arab Academy of Damascus andWashington Irving. very exciting news for those of us whoin 1932 was elected honorary president The Rihani family recently signed an study the Arab immigrant authors inof the Arab Institute of Studies in agreement with a publisher in Riyadh, America, for they had an impact notSpanish Morocco. Saudi Arabia, to publish the correspon- only on American literature, but also One of the most complete tributes todence of Ameen Rihani and King Abd on the developments that took place inRihani was delivered at the Library ofal-Aziz of Saudi Arabia, to be followed Arabic literature in the first half of theCongress in December 1990 by Suheilwith editions from Beirut and London. 20th century." Badi Bushrui as the Fifth Annual The book will include facsimiles of some Rihani was recognized as early in hisPhillips Lecture: "Arab American Cul-of these handwritten historic letters. career as 1904 in New York and subse-tural Relations in the 20th century: The quently abroad in Beirut, Cairo andThought and Works of Ameen RihaniMs. Birney is the literature specialist in elsewhere. He was elected to life hon-with Special Reference to His Writingsthe Manuscript Division.

MAY 1999 113 z News from the Center for the Book Reading Promotion Partners Meet at the Library

"Today more organizations arereading promotion promoting reading than at any othernetwork and partner- time in our country's history," saidship program, which Center for the Book Director John Y.wasestablishedin Cole on March 22 in welcoming par-1987 with the center's ticipants to the center's annual "ideanational "Year of the exchange" for its national readingReader" campaign (see promotion partners. LC Information Bulletin, "Yet as a nation we continue to ex-March1998).The perience serious reading and literacynetwork's annual problems. Moreover, many observersmeeting at the Library worry that those who do not or can-of Congress brings the not read in this technological age arepartners together to rapidly falling behind the rest of so-describe their organ- ciety. Our job is to reach as far as weization's activities and can into all walks of life in demon-learn about reading strating the essential and practicaland literacy programs value of reading to individuals of allin which they can be- ages. And the Internet gives readingcome involved. A bro- promoters new opportunities." chure distributedat More than 30 educational and civic the meeting outlined organizations sent representatives toways that partners and the meeting in the Library's Mum-otherorganizations ford Room, which was decoratedcould use the center's Lorenzo Wright with reading promotion posters andcurrent promotionThe Center for the Book's Anne Boni and Cindy filled with descriptive literaturetheme, "Buildinga Towsner of the U.S. Department of Education about current and future promotionNation of Readers."discuss a family literacy publication. projects sponsored by the center'sCenter for the Book networkofreadingpromotionProgram Specialist Anne Boni, whoprojects and themes. partners. (For a full list of partners,represents the center at many meet- Center for the Book Program Of- visit the Center for the Book'sings organized by partner organiza-ficer Maurvene Williams discussed site on the World Wide Web at:tions, pointed out how mutual sup-the growing importance of the www.loc.gov/loc/cfbook). port of each other's projects andcenter's Web site in providing infor- Mr. Cole described the center'sthemes widened the audience for allmation about organizations and their reading and literacy projects. In Feb- ruary 1998, for example, the site handled 15,000 transactions; in Feb- ruary 1999, 21,000. She announced a new "Building a Nation of Readers" feature that also will mark the Library of Congress's Bicentennial in the year 2000. Partner organizations as wellasindividuallibraries, schools and government agencies are invited to describe one reading promotion project (in 50 words or less) for posting on the Center for the Book's Web site. The goal is to have 200 projects posted by April 24, 2000 the Library's 200th birthday.

Mary Brigid Barrett, founder and president of the National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance, with Center for the Book itIOP,M1Pr4, Director John Cole Lorenzo Wright 114 2 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN

%. z

nns Following the first presentation, by Carol Rasco, director of the U.S. Depart- ment of Education's "America Reads Challenge," each reading promotion partner made a brief presentation about his or her organization and its activities. Moderator John Cole introduced several new partners, including the Academy of American Poets, the Antiquarian Booksell- ers Association of America, the Children's Creative Writing Campaign, the National Center for Learning Disabilities, the National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance, the National Endowment for the Arts, First Book and the National Geographic Society. Center for the Book Consultant Virginia Mathews, who directs the Center for the Book/Viburnum Foundation Family Lit- eracy Project, concluded the day's presen-

tations. She summarized six important Lorenzo Wright Lorenzo Wright "current trends" or "hot topics" in readingCarol Rasco, director of "America Reads" (left), with Sandra promotion projects for young people. Ms.Maccarone of the Weekly Reader Corp., cosponsor of the "Letters Mathews believes that these trends, ifAbout Literature" project acted upon, could lead to new collaborative projects for their respective organizations. They are: family literacy projects; out-of-school reading and literacy programs; mentoring, particularly community-based mentoring programs; projects that include parental involvement; "very" early childhood projects, e.g. "Born to Read"; and cooperative projects with health organizations. Letters About Literature National Winners Announced by Center for the Book Two junior high school-level stu-her own school environment. national program, "wings to cope dents have been named winners in She wrote Spinelli, "Crash pushedwith peer pressure and parental this year's Letters About Literatureme into doing what I'd often denieddivorce, wings to rise above preju- essay contest, which is sponsoredmy conscience: being nice. Yourdice and discover a pride in cultural by the Center for the Book in thenovel handed me a new pair ofand racial heritage. These were Library of Congress and the Weeklysneakers to walk life's roads, andjust some of the themes stu- Reader Corp. Approximately 20,000they fit wonderfully." dents explored in their letters this students and 100 judges from across Bradley Farberman, an eighthyear." the country participated in thisgrade student at Woodmere Middle State-level winners were also se- national reading-writing programSchool in Hewlett, N.Y., won the na-lected by 26 participating state center this year. tional prize in Level II competition,for the book affiliates. For further Letters About Literature invitesgrades 8-12, for his letter to Woodyinformation call Weekly Reader at students to write a personal letter toGuthrie about Guthrie's autobiogra- (203) 705-3500. an authorliving or deadexplainingphy, Bound for Glory. The book in- The Center for the Book in the how the author's work somehowspired Bradley, who like Guthrie,Library of Congress was established changed their lives. writes songs and plays a guitar. Afterin 1977 to stimulate public interest in Kelly McAnerney, a seventh gradereading Bound for Glory, Bradleybooks, reading and libraries. Its pro- student at Seneca Valley Middlemade a commitment to himself togram, which is supported mostly by School in Harmony, Pa., won the na-"speak his mind and to talk realprivate funds, reaches into every re- tional prize in Level I competition,loud" about hope and beauty. Hegion of the country through a net- grades 4-7, for her letter to Jerrywould love one day to travel acrosswork of 36 affiliated state centers and Spinelli, author of the humorousthe country, as Woody Guthrie did,more than 50 national educational young adult novel Crash. Penn, asingingsongsabouteverydayand civic organizations. For more misfit character in the novel, helpedAmericans. information about the Center for Kelly to see the maliciousness of "Books give young people wings,"the Book, visitits Web siteat teasing and bullying that goes on insaid Cathy Gourley, director of thewww.loc.gov/loc/cfbook.

MAY 1999 115 BEST COPYAVAILABLE 121 THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF AVE. PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN ISSN 0041-7904 0220308EricSyracuse Clearinghouse Univ on Info/Tec 005 addresstothisIf youthe publication abovewish label to address. andbe check removed return. If here change from isthe required mailing enter list for on and return this page 4-194ClJtSyracuse Center Coordinator NY for Sci & 13244-4100 Tech 122 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 123 Th'e TBVL/stiY of CONGRESS

07. Jupe 199

-"'"Virnat/`

BEST COPY AVAILABLE The Gerry Mulligan Collection The LIBRARY of CONGRESS LI IMAM' CONCRESS BICENTENNIAL Information .N2) Bulletin LIBRARIES e.BEATivrry LA iti:wry JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 6 June 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Jazz great Gerry Mulligan, whose papers and effects comprise the Library's latest special collection. Photograph by Kenny Rogers Cover Story:A new exhibition space devoted to the Gerry Mulligan Collection has opened in the Library's Music Division foyer. 136 New Frontiers:A symposium on developments in knowledge over the past century and looking toward the new millennium is the first in a bicentennial series. 1 19 The Jefferson Connection:The Library has long felt the guiding hand of our third president. 120 Mapmaker, Mapmaker:A facsimile of a 16th century map of the Americas is now available. 122 126 Fuel for Thought:The Library played host to members of the Domestic Petroleum Council in April. 123 The Sound of Verse:Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky closed the 1998-1999 Poetry and Literature Series with a reading of new work. 124 21st Century Scholarship:The Library hosted a meeting to address how it could better serve scholars and researchers. 125 Latest from the Law Library:George Mitchell received the 1999 Wickersham Award from the Friends of the Law Library; Law Day was observed May 3; and a new initiative to preserve digital legal sources was announced. 126 Under the Sea:Jessie Willcox Smith's illustrations from The Water-Babies will go on display June 10. 130 Top Prizes:Eight scholars have won stipends in the third Mellon Foreign Area Fellowship competition. 132 131 The Earliest `Toons:Early American animation finds its way to the Library's Web site. 134 Unlocking Ancient Secrets:A noted Asian scholar is translating a collection of pictographic manuscripts from a region of China; and the special preservation needs of these Naxi materials. 140 Asian Pacific American Heritage:An educational activist calls for aid to rural Chinese schools; and the first Chinese-American U.S. representative keynotes the Library's celebration of Asian heritage. 142 Building a Nation of Readers:Fourth- and fifth-graders attended a program of historical readings and presentations at the Library. 144 News from the Center for the Book 146 140 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov /today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 144 JOHN H. SAYERS, Production

BEST COPY AVAILABLE -4 4, 125 of 4 ?*.ki/

BICENTENNIAL CORNER <7. `Frontiers of the Mind' Scholars Speculate on the Next Century LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 1800-2000

his month, the Library will the directors of major aca- I hold its first Bicentennial COSMOLOGY& 4ATHEMATICS demic and research organiza- PHYSICS o Pte, HISTORY tions throughout the world. symposium when distinguished & SOCIETY & POLITICS scholars summarize significant 52 7: Participants have been asked POLITICAL 0 YI r,ak AILLOSOPHY developments in the past cen- GENETICS al ,ROBIOLOGY to prepare a short paper that tury in approximately 24 fields PSYCHOLO ;OCIOLOGY will present, for nonspecialists, of knowledge and speculate on RELIGION & - A THE STATE the critical discoveries of the what will be the most important CANONICAL ,HILOSOPITY 20th century and suggest which ATMOSPHERL',:, ITH SCIENCES lines of inquiry may be espe- developments in these fields in SUSTAINABIL o SEMIOTICS the 21st century. MUSIC o NARIt'Vz ECONOMICS cially promising or what new The symposium, "Frontiers ANTHRO.POLOC ,LITICS 0 CITIES conceptual or applied break- of the Mind in the Twenty-First COMPUTER SCIT )MMUNICATION throughs might be expected in Century," is open to the public. INTERNATIO4 ;. DEIGN POLICY the decades ahead. The papers It is supported by the American will be circulated in advance, Academy of Achievement and with the main points summa- the Heinz Family Philanthropies and celebrates therized by the author at the symposium and discussed by Library of Congress's 200th anniversary on April 24, 2000a commentator and members of the audience. (www.loc.gov/bicentennial). On the final day, participants will join approxi- The conference is supported by the American Academy ofmately 500 high school honor students selected by Achievement and the Heinz Family Philanthropies and is the American Academy of Achievement to continue the first in a series of symposia celebrating the Library'sdiscussions. 200th anniversary on April 24, 2000. Following is a tentative schedule for "Frontiers of Among the invited presenters and commentators are sixthe Mind in the Twenty-First Century." All sessions Nobel laureates, the Astronomer Royal of Great Britain andwill be held in the Coolidge Auditorium in the Tho- mas Jefferson Building, 10 First St. S.E. Librarian of Congress to Address Preliminary Schedule for ALA Attendees in New Orleans "Frontiers of the Mind" DBillington will address attendees of the American June 15-17, 1999 L Library Association Annual Conference in New Tuesday, June 15 Orleans on June 26 during the Opening General Session, Welcome and Introduction: 9:00 a.m. which begins at 5:30 p.m. in Hall F of the New Orleans James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress Convention Center. His remarks will precede those of Prosser Gifford, Director of Scholarly Programs, Colin Powell, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Library of Congress The Librarian will focus on the Library of Congress's Bi- Session 1:9:30 a.m.11:30 a.m. centennial in 2000, which is planned as a celebration of Chair: Bruce Alberts, National Academy of Science all libraries. He will note that the joint ALA-Library of Cosmology: Sir Martin Rees, Cambridge University Congress Tip Sheet and Bicentennial Toolkit will be avail- Marc Davis, University of California, Berkeley able at the entrance to Hall F and at the Library's exhibit Physics: Leon Lederman, Fermi National Laboratory booth, No. 1346, on the convention floor. The Toolkit is Jerome Isaac Friedman, Massachusetts Institute of designed to accompany the Tip Sheet and is filled with Technology materials to help libraries nationwide join in the Mathematics: Philip A. Griffiths, Institute of Library's Bicentennial (www.loc.gov/bicentennial). Advanced Study, Princeton University ALA attendees are encouraged to pick up these materi- Michael Monastyrsky, Institute of Theoretical and als during the conference. Experimental Physics, Moscow Dr. Billington will also recognize the winners of the Session 2: 1:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m. third and final round of the Library of Congress/Ameri- Chair: H. Patrick Swygert, Howard University tech National Digital Library Program. The award, made History & Society: Emmanuel Le Roi Ladurie, possible by a $2 million gift to the Library from Ameri- College de France, Paris tech, has been given to 33 institutions to digitize their im- Thomas P. Hughes, University of Pennsylvania portant American historical materials and make them History & Politics: Jonathan Spence, Yale University part of American Memory, the Library of Congress Web Judith M. Brown, Oxford University site available at www.loc.gov. Some of the winners from Political Philosophy: Pierre Manent, Ecole des previous competitions have already completed their Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris projects and placed them on-line. Shlomo Avineri, Hebrew University, Jerusalem continued on page 133 JUNE 1999 119 1.26 BEST COPY AVAILABLE o

TH'U'S CIO M

O T1 Or 4AS: irs The South Reading Room of the Adams Building is dedicated to Thomas Jefferson and includes this mural by Ezra Winter in a lunette over the reference desk.

Bicentennial Background The Library's Jeffersonian Legacy

BY JOHN Y. COLE the first two Librarians of Congress,chasing Jefferson's library in 1815, The Library of Congress's connec- John J. Beckley (1802-1807) and PatrickCongress had acquired "an admirable tions to Thomas Jefferson (1743-Magruder (1807-1815). substratum for a national library." 1826) are close and important. He was Jefferson's most important contribu-Moreover, the Library of Congress the institution's "spiritual founder," tion, however, came later. In 1815, afterused the classification system Jefferson and today the Library is the majorthe British destroyed the U.S. Capitoldevised for his personal library for the repository of his books and papers. (where the Library was located), rest of the century. Jefferson once proclaimed "I cannotformer President Jefferson sold his live without books." During his presi-personal library of 6,487 volumes forJefferson in the Bicentennial dency (1801-1809), he signed the act$23,950 to the government to "recom-Commemoration of Congress that provided for themence" the Library of Congress, for- From the first discussions 10 years appointment of a Librarian of Con-ever expanding its scope and ambi-ago about celebrating the Library's Bi- gress and gave Congress the powertions beyond those of a legislativecentennial, held in 1989, it was obvious to establish the Library's rules andlibrary. The vast range of his interests, that Jefferson and Jefferson-related regulations. Throughout his presi-reflected in his library, determined theprojects would play a pivotal role. dency, he recommended books for theuniversal and diverse nature of the Early in the decade, the Henry Library's collections, and he appointedLibrary's future collections and activi-Luce Foundation gave the Library a ties. His argument"-$250,000 grant toward a major Jeffer- that "there is... noson exhibition. Scheduled to open to subject to which athe public on April 24, 2000, the exhi- member of Con-bition "Thomas Jefferson: Genius of gress may not have Liberty," curated by Gerard W. Gawalt occasion to refer"of the Manuscript Division, is a corner- became the ratio-stone of the Bicentennial commemora- nale for justifyingtion. It will draw on the Library's theLibrary's na-unparalleled collection of Jefferson tional and interna-materials and will showcase a re- tional roles. By pur-creation of Jefferson's library.

Gerard Gawalt of the Manuscript Division (right), curator of the Library's forthcoming Bicentennial exhibition on Thomas Jefferson, with Douglas Wilson, former director of Monticello's International Center for Jefferson Studies. John Y. Cole

120 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 127 0 z

1 *4:Ss In April, the Library announced the beginning of a worldwide search to find dupli- cates of volumes from Jefferson's library that were destroyed by another fire in the U.S. Capitol, on Christmas eve, 1851. As a Bicen- tennial "Gift to the Nation," Jerry Jones, owner and general manager of the Dallas Cowboys football team, and his wife, Gene, gave the Library $1 million to purchase the 897 missing volumes once they are located (see LC Information Bulletin, May 1999). "American Treasures of the Library of Congress," the popular permanent exhibition that opened in 1997 in the Jefferson Building, owes much to Jefferson. It is organized according to the ordering of his personal library, which in turn was inspired by Francis Bacon's organization of knowledge: Memory (History); Reason (Philosophy);Jefferson's "rough draft" of the Declaration of Independence is and Imagination (Fine Arts). One of theexamined in this September 1944 photograph of David Mearns, Library's treasures, Jefferson's "rough draft" of the Declaration of Independence, was fea- director of Reference (left), Librarian of Congress Archibald tured when the exhibition opened and will MacLeish and Verner Clapp, director of Acquisitions. be on display this summer from June toadministration of Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish. An exception August. The exhibition section on Jefferson's was Librarian of Congress Ainsworth Rand Spofford (1864-1897), who library is always of great interest to visitors.built the Library of Congress into a national institution emphasizing a "American Treasures" was supported by theparaphrased Jeffersonian message: "there is almost no work, within the Xerox Foundation. vast range of literature and science, which may not at some time prove use- The Library's unsurpassed collection offul to the legislature of a great nation." To this statement, Spofford added Jefferson's papers is being made available onan appropriate public function: It was imperative that such a great national the Library's American Memory Web sitelibrary collection be shared with all citizens, for the United States was "a (www.loc.gov). New Bicentennial-relatedrepublic which rests upon the popular intelligence." publications associated with Jefferson will The second exception was the gathering in 1898 of the remaining books include: Thomas Jefferson and the Education from Jefferson's library into a special collection in the new Library build- of a Citizen, edited by James Gilreath; Theing. The project was described in Declaration of Independence: The Evolution ofthe 1898 Annual Report of Librarian the Text, by Julian P. Boyd, revised editionof Congress John Russell Young THE edited by Mr. Gawalt; and a book accompa- (1897-1899). JEFFERSON BICENTENNIAL nying the April 2000 exhibition, also edited MacLeish (1939-1944), prompted 1743-1943 by Mr. Gawalt. by the forthcoming celebration of Finally, the overall Bicentennial theme,the bicentennial of Jefferson's birth "Libraries, Creativity, Liberty," is a Jeffer-in 1943, restored Jefferson to a sonian theme. It was chosen because theposition of prominence among the Library's Bicentennial Steering CommitteeLibrary's heroes. In recognition wanted to connect the Library and its tradi-of the relationship "in which tions with the democratic ideal espoused byJefferson stands to the Library of Jefferson and the other Founding Fathers.Congress," MacLeish dedicated Dr. Billington said in his preface to Jefferson's the south reading room of the Legacy: "The active mind was central toLibrary's new Adams Building Jefferson's concept of government.... He(opened to the public in 1939) to believed that self-government depended onJefferson, commissioning appro- the free, unhampered pursuit of truth by anpriate murals and quotations from informed and involved citizenry. Today'sartist Ezra Winter. The murals were Library of Congress epitomizes Jefferson'sdedicated by the Attorney General, faith in learning and his practical determina-Francis Biddle, on Dec. 15, 1941, in tion to make democracy work." ceremonies that,appropriately enough, also commemorated the The Library and Thomas Jefferson: sesquicentennial anniversary ofThe Jefferson Bicentennial The First 150 Years the adoption of the Bill of Rights. exhibitions, displayed through- The Library's Jeffersonian legacy was not MacLeish was responsible forout the Library's two buildings highlighted between 1815, when his bookstwo key publishing projects: Thein 1943, were the first major arrived in Washington in horse-drawnDeclaration of Independence: Theproject of the Library's newly wagons, and the early 1940s, during the continued on page 123 established Exhibits Office.

JUNE 1999 121 123 The New World Library Publishes Facsimile Of 1562 Map of the Americas

BY AUDREY FISCHER The Library of Congress recently published a facsimile of a 16th century map of the Americas. The ornate map was the largest engraved map of North and South America at the time and one of two known originals. It was given to the Library's Geography and Map Division by Lessing J. Rosenwald in 1949. Sixteenth century European explorers, primarily from Spain and Portugal, successfully traversed vast portions of the Western Hemisphere, and their findings were revealed gradually to an information-starved Europe in the half-century after Christopher Columbus's voyage to America. In 1562, Diego Gutierrez, a Spanish cartographer from the respected Casa de la Contrataci6n in Seville, and Hieronymous Cock, a noted engraver from Antwerp, collaborated in the preparation of the map, which provided substantial information about vast portions of the new world. The map depicted the East Coast of the United States, Central and South America, Canada and Mexico and portions of the western coasts of Europe and Africa. It also provided a richly illustrated view of a region filled with images and names that had been popularized in Europe af-Americae sive quartae orbis partisnova et exactissima descriptio ter 1492. by Diego Gutierrez, 1562 On the map were found one of the earliest references to California, the The original map, which occasion-Hebert, senior specialist in Hispanic Amazon River system, other rivers ofally goes on display in the perma-bibliography, of the Library's His- South America, Lake Titicaca, thenent, rotating exhibition, "Americanpanic Division. The map and bro- location of Potosi, Bolivia (a silverTreasures of the Library of Con-chure are available for $28 from the mining center), and of Mexico City.gress," is a magnet for geographers,Library's Sales Shop. Credit card or- Also depicted were Florida and thewho line up to take turns inspectingders are taken at (202) 707-0204 and greater southeastern part of theit closely. fax orders at (202) 707-5057. Checks United States, plus myriad coastal The facsimile, which measures 93payable to the Library of Congress features of South, Central, North andby 86 cm., was reproduced by themay be sent to the Sales Shop, Caribbean America. Images of par-Library with the assistance of theLibrary of Congress, Washington, rots, monkeys, mermaids, fearsomeVITAE Foundation in Brazil andDC 20540-4985. A mailing and han- sea creatures, cannibals, PatagonianDigicolor in Seattle. The map repro-dling charge of $5 will be added to giants and an erupting volcano induction is accompanied by a bro-the $28 cost of the publication. central Mexico complemented thechure containing the history of numerous settlements, rivers, moun-the map and the events surroundingMs. Fischer is a public affairs specialist tains and capes that were named. its preparation written by John R. in the Public Affairs Office.

122 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 129 I. ..,'.:-,?/ , NO.- - Energy Event Library Hosts Domestic Petroleum Council On April 14, the African and Middle Eastern Division hosted a dinner for 20 members of the Domestic Petroleum Council that work or are currently planning to work in Africa and the Middle East. On display were three magnificent maps from the Geography and Map Division showing the energy resources found in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa and continental Africa. Other highlights of the exhibit featured some of the division's treasures, including a 15th century copy of an Arabic book on constellations, an 18th century North African collection of the prophet Muhammad's traditions, an 18th century book of prayers by the North African Islamic scholar Al-Jazuli, a West African manuscript in Arabic of Islamic prayers and a 14th century copy of Al-Burda, the well known Arabic poem lauding Muhammad. Donald Scott, Deputy Librarian of Congress, welcomed the members of the Domestic Petroleum Council and the congressional delegation attending the dinner and discussed some of the Yvonne French Library's activities and their relevance to the activities of the Turkish Area Specialist Chris Murphy (cen- council. Other speakers included Reps. Edward Royce (R-Calif.) ter) shows a rare medieval Arabic manu- and Kevin Brady (R-Texas), as well as Senate Parliamentarian script about petroleum to Charles Davidson Bob Dove. and Chip Gill of Vastar Resources Inc.

Sen. John Warner (R-Va.) (center) rrt was one of more than 50 members of Congress at the National News- paper Association's congressional luncheon at the Library on March 18. During the luncheon, association members agreed to help publicize the Library's Bi- centennial. With Sen. Warner is R. Jack Fishman (left), publisher of the Citizen Tribune of Morris- town, Tenn., and Robert DeBusk, executive director of the Tennes- see Press Association.

Jefferson item. Other events were part of the cel-essence of the Library of Congress- continued from page 121 ebration: a seminar on Thomas Jeffer-Thomas Jefferson relationship: son with scholars and public figures "If there were withdrawn from Evolution of the Text (1943)by Julianand chaired by MacLeish; a concertthe Library of Congress as it now P. Boyd and the first steps in creat- of music "dear to Jefferson" by theexists everything which grew from ing a complete catalog of Jefferson's Budapest String Quartet; a perfor-the roots Jefferson planted, and ev- 1815 library. mance, in the Coolidge Auditorium oferything which relates to the spirit The Jefferson Bicentennial Exhib-Sidney Kingsley's play about Jeffer-of Jefferson breathed, there would its, which opened April 12, 1943, in-son,The Patriots;and an oration onbe little of its greatness left." cluded nine groups of materials Jefferson ("The Permanence of Jeffer- displayed throughout the Library'sson") at the Library on April 13 by John Y. Cole is director of the Center two buildings at the time thatMacLeish's friend Supreme Courtfor the Book. With Chief of Staff Jo reflected Jefferson's many interests.Justice Felix Frankfurter. Ann Jenkins, he is co-chair of the The 171-page "Catalogue," pub- In his introduction to Frankfurter's Library's Bicentennial Steering lished in 1943, is now a collector's talk, MacLeish vividly describes the Committee.

JUNE 1999 123 AVAILABLE P) BEST COPY z `The Power of Poetry' Poet Laureate Pinsky Reads New Work

BY YVONNE FRENCH The Stare's Nest by My Window," he Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky spoke read: "We had fed the heart on fanta- I poignantly about himself at a read- sies, / The heart's grown brutal from ing of new work May 5. The autobio- the fare," which reminded him of the graphical statements came on the heels violence in the Balkans and Colorado. of his unprecedented third consecutive Addressing a group of members of appointment as Poet Laureate Consult- the Library of Congress Professional ant in Poetry to the Library of Congress. Association Poetry and Meditation Dr. Billington on April 5 appointed Forum the next day, he amplified: "All Mr. Pinsky to a third term as Laureate human culture is not benign. We have and named three poets to be Special created, for example, such cultural Consultants to assist with poetry pro- realities as racism and germ warfare. grams of the Bicentennial year. They Yeats's lines seem to me a powerful are former Poet Laureate Rita Dove, formulation. They raise the question, Louise Gluck and W.S. Merwin (see LC 'What should we feed the heart?'" Information Bulletin, May 1999). "We Mr. Pinsky also attended a May 5 want to create a once-in-a-century luncheon at the Library during which arrangement, not only to celebrate the Librarian of Congress praised Mr. poetry during our 200th birthday, but Pinsky's main endeavor as Laureate, also to significantly increase support the Favorite Poem Project, as a "par- for the national outreach of the Poetry ticularly wonderful feature of his lau- Office and the Poet Laureate," Dr. reateship" and lauded his "unselfish Billington said. admiration for other poets and the joy Said Mr. Pinsky: "It is a considerable N. Alicia Byers ordinary people take in a whole vari- honor. I am overjoyed to be accompa- Robert Pinsky ety of poetry. It has been a very uplift- nied by people like Rita, Louise and ing thing for all kinds of people. He William." The four poets will readfall. His mother was carried up thehas been a humanist among poets." at 6:45 p.m. Nov. 10 in the Coolidgestairs and into the living room, "inau- For the Favorite Poem Project, which Auditorium. Also reading will be thegurating the reign of our confusion,"is also a Bicentennial project of the three 1999 Witter Bynner Fellows,Mr. Pinsky read. Library, Mr. Pinsky has asked Ameri- David Gewanter, Campbell McGrath He then describes how the pianocans to tell him what their favorite and Heather McHugh. was the color of pea soup when thepoem is and why it is important to In his reading May 5, which closedfamily first got it; it later was partiallythem. He has received more than the Library's 1998-1999 Poetry andantiqued in ivory and umber and fi-15,000 responses and is culling them to Literature Series, Mr. Pinsky revealednally was painted dusty pink beforeproduce an archives of 1,000 audio and why he is so fond of writing poetry: hedisappearing altogether, only to be re-200 video tapes. He will present the is obsessed with order and his persona placed by a "crappy little Baldwintapes to the Library in April as one of was shaped by a head injury sufferedAcrosonic." the Library's Bicentennial "Gifts to the by his mother when he was a child in Another of his new poems, "Samu-Nation." The tapes will augment the Long Branch, N.J. After the injury, in-rai Song," contains the phrase: "Whenexisting Archive of Recorded Poetry curred during a fall, she became hyper- I had/ No mother I embraced order." and Literature, which has recordings sensitive to light and sound, and her Mr. Pinsky said it was an unusualof 2,000 poets and authors reading condition affected the entire family. reading for him in that he was tryingtheir work, among them Robert Frost, His explanation gave an autobio-some new works rather than pullingPablo Neruda and Gwendolyn Brooks. graphical context to the poem "The out "chestnuts from his previous writ- The presentation of poetry readings Green Piano," first published in Theings." He said after the reading that, al-will be made during a special Bicen- New Yorker. Mr. Pinsky explained that though it is difficult to reveal such per-tennial conference on "Poetry and the he had been sitting at the piano whensonal feelings, he did so because he was American People: Reading, Perfor- his little sister came in with those who in the mood and felt at home with themance and Publication." The confer- were carrying their injured mother. HeLibrary audience. The new works will ence will be held April 3-4, 2000, at the told the Coolidge audience his sisterbe published in a book next year byLibrary of Congress, and will include later told him that seeing him at the pi- Farrar, Straus & Giroux. "The book is inreadings by the three Special Consult- ano is the first memory she had of thepart an inquiry into what kind of per-ants and the Poet Laureate. incident although she was present son I am," Mr. Pinsky told the audience. Prosser Gifford, director of the when their mother fell. Mr. Pinsky began and ended the read- Office of Scholarly Programs, also The poem relates how uncertain his ing with poems by William Butler Yeats. praised Mr. Pinsky for the project. family life became in the years after the From "Meditations in Time of Civil War: "Robert has caught embodied 124 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 131 To Serve Scholars Library Holds Meeting on 21st Century Scholarship

BY SHERRY LEVY-REINER The Library can serve as a home While more information is avail- Expressing hopes that the Library ofinstitution for independent scholarsable electronically, meeting partici- 1.:/Congress will continue to upholdby offering for use its incomparablepants emphasized the importance of "the nobility of scholarship" as inte-collections. preserving primary documents and gral to maintaining democratic institu- At a time when scholarship is cross-ensuring their accessibility for re- tions, representatives of a dozen pro-ing and blurring traditional disciplin-searchers who need to work with fessional societies and research organ- ary boundaries, the Library, because ofthem. izations met March 19 to explore ways the breadth of its collections, can sup- Although an image is important to in which the Library might better serveport collaborative projects such as thesomeone studying the content of a scholars and researchers. Handbook of Latin American Studies. Adocument, the original's paper or Carolyn T. Brown, acting director ofbibliography of 5,000 works selectedwatermark, for example, may be of Area Studies Collections, convenedand annotated annually by a networkequal importance to someone trying the daylong meeting to discuss current of more than 130 academics, the Hand- to date the document. The represen- initiatives and to hear representatives' book, which is edited by Dolores Mar-tatives of the scholarly organiza- suggestions about what role the Li-tin of the Hispanic Division, appearstions, who praised the Library's role brary should play in 21st centuryon the Internet in draft form, making itin developing preservation methods, scholarship. "We are working to estab- an accessible focal point for worldwide expressed the hope that the institu- lish a community of shared values forscholarly attention and cooperation. tion would continue to share its those who come to use our resources," The attendees also urged the Libraryknowledge with others. explained Ms. Brown, "and we areto play a leadership role in helping In addition to being regarded for aware of our growing 'virtual commu- users evaluate materials that are on theits collections, the Library, said Ms. nity.' Our priority is to identify theInternet. The Library has traditionallyBrown, garners considerable respect special ways in which the Library cancompiled bibliographies in many sub-from those in and out of academe interact with both constituencies." ject areas and thus could offer similarfor its scholarly initiatives. "We must Because scholarly societies and re-tools to lead patrons to important Web ensure, as the Library begins its third search institutions are interested in en- sites. The nature of electronic scholar-century of service to our nation, that couraging future generations of schol-ship, which enables researchers towe continue to deserve that high ars, they see a role for the Library inshare information rapidly across greatdegree of respect." demonstrating, said one meeting par-distances, provides innumerable op- ticipant, "the integral role of scholar-portunities for the Library to helpMs. Levy-Reiner is project coordinator ship in a free and democratic society." evaluate resources. in the Office of Scholarly Programs.

the power of poetry in his own life,genetic or evolutionary [about sayinga small or university press; History and has emboldened and empoweredpoems you love aloud]. Certain ca-of My Heart (1984), which won the others to find it in theirs," Mr. Gifford dences or phrases get under your skinWilliam Carlos Williams Prize in 1995; told the Coolidge auditorium audi-and they become part of your emo- The Want Bone (1990); and The Figured ence. "His laureateship has been a timetional habitat like an amulet or Wheel: New and Collected Poems, 1966- of growing, escalating public outreach.medicine pouch carried on one's per-1996 (1995). His verse translation We have become aware that poetryson. But instead of a literal medicineof The Inferno of Dante (1994) was inhabits lives we had not suspected,bag with stones or plants or trinkets,awarded the Los Angeles Times Book comforts those in trouble, sustainsthe power inheres in these specific,Prize in poetry and the Harold Morton those in need, satisfies those who seekmeaning grunts that have emotionalLandon Translation Award. completeness of vision. We all harborresonance beyond their denotation." Having served as poetry editor of favorite poems." Mr. Pinsky teaches in the graduate The New Republic through much of the If Mr. Pinsky had his way, everyone increative writing program at Boston1980s, he is currently poetry editor of America would have a notebook full ofUniversity. His most recent publica-the weekly Internet magazine Slate, and their favorite poems and they would oftions are The Handbook of Heartbreak:a contributor to "The NewsHour with ten say them aloud. He brought his own 101 Poems of Lost Love and Sorrow andJim Lehrer" on PBS television, reading notebook of 45 poems he admires to the The Sounds of Poetry: A Brief Guide,poems related to current events. Mr. informal talk with members of the Po-which Mr. Pinsky describes as "a brief,Pinsky has also introduced several etry and Meditation Forum, and encour- plain book about how to hear poems."recordings of Favorite Poem Project aged members, as he does his graduate His other works include the collec-volunteers on "Anthem," a weekly students at Boston University, to begintions of his poetry Sadness and Happi-program on National Public Radio. their own Favorite Poem notebooks. ness (1975); An Explanation of America "There's something on a deep an- (1980), awarded the Saxifrage Prize asMs. French is a public affairs specialist thropological level, something almostthe year's best volume of poetry from in the Public Affairs Office.

JUNE 1999 125 2 3.2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE * 0

:fiiV a*O..' Legal Honors George Mitchell Receives Wickersham Award

BY ANNE L. MERCER Northern Ireland. The accord was The Friends of the Law Library of overwhelmingly endorsed by the Congress on April 13 presented the voters of Ireland in May 1998. 1999 Wickersham Award for "excep- Among those in attendance from the tional public service and dedication to Library of Congress at this year's din- the legal profession" to former Sen. ner were Daniel J. Boorstin, Librarian George J. Mitchell. Emeritus, and his wife, Ruth; Dwight In the Great Hall of the Supreme D. Opperman, the 1993 Wickersham Court, Sen. Mitchell was recognized Award winner, who traveled from for his illustrious career as a lawyer in Minnesota to help honor this year's government and private practice, as winner; executive director of the a federal judge, as the Democratic American Association of Law Librar- senator from Maine from 1980 to 1995 ies, Roger Parent, together with the (majority leader in 1989-95) and as a president of the association, James special adviser to the president as Heller of the William and Mary School chairman of the peace negotiations in of Law, as well as the president-elect, Northern Ireland. Robert L. Oakley of the Georgetown "It is wonderful to be able to celebrate University Law Center. the professional excellence of an out- The Law Library of Congress is the standing citizen, George Mitchell," said largest and most comprehensive source Law Librarian Rubens Medina. "We are of legal information in the world and a dedicating this evening to him because research center for foreign, international he has dedicated so much of himself and comparative law. The Friends of and his career to serving his country." the Law Library is a national nonprofit Following dinner, hosted by Gail Reflections Photography group that encourages awareness Littlejohn, senior vice president for Former Sen. George Mitchell of and support for the Law Library. government affairs of Lexis-Nexis, The Wickersham Award is named for Associate Supreme Court Justice Ruthstanding of the Law Library and ourGeorge Wickersham (1858-1936), who, Bader Ginsburg began the ceremonyprofession." with other noted jurists, attorneys and in the court's chambers by welcoming Tributes to Mitchell were offered by scholars, conceived the Friends as a way the group, and Mr. Medina thankedthree longtime friends. Shephard Lee to help build a great national law library. the Friends for their support of theof Westbrook, Maine, offered remin-Wickersham was a partner in the law Law Library and its initiatives. iscences of their 40 years of friend- firm of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. "On behalf of the Law Library staff,ship. He was followed by Rep. John Major support for the 1999 Wicker- I want to state that we feel very fortu-Baldacci (D-Maine) and Sen. Orrin G.sham Award dinner also came from nate and privileged to be the recipientsHatch (R-Utah), who spoke with hu-the sponsor, Lexis-Nexis; benefactors of this friendship and special status....mor and sincerity of their experiencesFedEx, Philip Morris Cos. Inc., Star- The Friends of the Law Library makesworking with Mr. Mitchell in Con-wood Hotels & Resorts and West an important contribution to thegress. Then Abe Krash, president of theGroup; and patrons Cadwalader, Friends, presentedWickersham & Taft, Dun & Bradstreet, theaward,afterFannie Mae Foundation, Matthew which Mr. Mitchell Bender & Co., the Walt Disney Co. and spoke of his effortsWilmer, Cutler & Pickering. Ate to obtain the his- For more information about the toricaccordinFriends of the Law Library of Congress Northern Irelandor the Wickersham Award, contact to end decades ofAnne L. Mercer, executive director, conflictbetweenFriends of the Law Library, at (202) the government of 707-5076. Ireland, the United Kingdom and theMs. Mercer is executive director of the political parties ofFriends of the Law Library of Congress

Sen. Mitchell (right) enjoys the celebration with his wife, Heather, and former congressional colleague Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) Reflections Photography 126 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 133 z Justice Through the Prism of Diversity Law Library Celebrates Law Day

By NATALIE GAWDIAK The Law Library observed Law Day on May 3 with a series of readings by the staff on the theme of law and IF-.Ar__ justice. Their remarks were delivered before some 90 colleagues and guests gathered in the Thomas Jefferson Mt, Building. Law Librarian Rubens Medina opened the annual event with senior legal research specialist Pamela B. Craig, who introduced the participants. Guests, who included friends from the House Legislative Counsel's r Office, the World Bank, foreign embassies and staff attorneys from around the Library, were welcomed at a reception supported by the Friends of the Law Library at the close of the program.

Mr. Medina welcomed the audience N. Alicia Byers and told them that the Law Library Law Librarian of Congress Rubens Medina welcomes Pamela Craig, looks forward to Law Day because it senior legal research specialist, to the podium to introduce partici- affords "us an opportunity to reflect pants in this year's Law Day program at the Library. on our profession and our mission, as well as reminds us that, at the center But in most aboriginal societies,There is a tendency ... for certain of that profession and mission, law is"reparation or restitution to the victimpeople to use this phrase out of con- the instrument in which for thou-or the community in a way that re-text, to satisfy all conditions. ... We sands of years humanity has placedstores balance and harmony to theknow all men are not created equal in its hopes for justice and peace." Hepeople involved [is] a primary consid-the sense some people would have commended the staff for their "enthu- eration. The person wronged, whetherus believe some people are siasm and seriousness" in selectingbereaved or impoverished, would besmarter than others, some people readings that reflected justice from the entitled to some form of restitution. Inhave more opportunity because viewpoint of their various traditionsthe eyes of the [aboriginal] community,they're born with it, some men make and legal heritages. sentencing the offender to incarcera-more money than others, some ladies The first reading, by foreign legaltion, or worse still, placing him or hermake better cakes than others specialist Stephen F. Clarke, fromon probation, without first addressingsome people are born gifted beyond Continuing Poundmaker & Riel's Quest: the issue of reconciliation, would bethe normal scope of most men. But Presentations Made at a Conference ontantamount to completely relievingthere is one way in this country in Aboriginal Peoples and Justice, spokethe offender of any responsibility forwhich all men are created equal to the differences between the Euro-restitution of the wrong. ... Such actionthere is one human institution that Canadian idea of justice and that ofis viewed by them as an abdication ofmakes a pauper the equal of a various North American aboriginalresponsibility and a total exonerationRockefeller, the stupid man the equal peoples, as described by Murrayof the wrongdoer." of an Einstein and the ignorant man Sinclair, associate chief justice of the Robert N. Gee, chief of Law Librarythe equal of any college president. Provincial Court of Manitoba: Public Services, was inspired by theThat institution, gentlemen, is a "In the dominant society, deviantclosing argument of the defense coun-court. It can be the Supreme Court of behavior ... is considered a wrongsel in Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-win-the United States or the humblest J.P. that must be controlled by interdic-ning novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. In the Court in the land or this honorable tion, enforcement and correction de-trial of a black man falsely accused ofcourt which you serve. Our courts signed to punish and deter. ... Theattacking a white woman in Alabamahave their faults, as does any human emphasis is on punishment. ... Resti-in 1935, the defense attorney appealsinstitution, but in this country our tution is ordered generally as a formto the jury: courts are the great levelers, and in of financial compensation and usu- "One more thing, gentlemen, be-our courts all men are created equal." ally only if the offender has the finan-fore I quit. Thomas Jefferson once Judicial discretion was the focus of cial resources to do so." said that all men are created equal. ... the passage chosen by Ruth Levush,

JUNE 1999 127 134 z the Israeli senior legal specialist, from a book by the chief justice of Israel, Aharon Barak. He asks: "Is democracy merely the rule of the people and their determination of policy through their elected representatives? Or is democracy also certain fundamental values to which the regime must be faithful?" He feels that "democracy is multi- dimensional. It is the realization of certain fundamental values, such as basic human rights." Siding with the right of judges to be the arbiters of justice despite their not having been elected by the people, Barak main- tains that "a judge who adopts policy on the basis of the democracy's fundamental values makes the democracy faithful to itself." Edith Palmer, senior legal specialist N. Alicia Byers for German-speaking countries, re-Randall Snyder, law librarian of the Executive Office of the President turned to one of the fundamentalLaw Library (left); Anne Mercer, executive director of the Friends of sources of Western law with readings the Law Library of Congress; and Mark Strattner, chief of Collection from the Roman law book "Laws ofServices for the Law Library of Congress the Twelve Tables." In addition to reading from a translation, Ms. Palmer Justice from a more modern per- The readings concluded with Kersi gave the audience a taste of how thespective was explored in an excerptB. Shroff, senior legal specialist for the Twelve Tables sound in the succinctchose by Russian senior legal special-United Kingdom and other British- Latin original. ist Peter Roudik from Striving for Lawderived systems and currently the The summons to court (Table 1) lays in a Lawless Land: Memoirs of a Russian chief of the Law Library's Western down the basic principles on how toReformer by Alexander M. Yakovlev: Law Division. Mr. Shroff read from commence and carry out a legal action. "Criminal law very often reflects the Francis Lyman Windolph's "Shakes- Whereas defendants had to come tosignificant features of a given culture peare and the Law," in Reflections of the court, if necessary by force, the peace- its mores, its political and socialLaw in Literature. Windolph believed ful settlement of disputes was also en-structure. .. Criminal justice plays athat Shakespeare was "generally con- couraged, such as in Law VII: "Whenpeculiar role in history.... It is pre-temptuous of the law, lawyers and litigants wish to settle their disputecisely here [in the criminal justice sys-legal procedure" of his day. He sup- among themselves, even while they tem of a country] that an essential facet ported his point by proposing that the are on their way to appear before theof society manifests itself: the level oflegal argument over a suicide by Praetor, they shall have the right tothat society's civilization, its recogni-drowning used in an actual court case make peace; and whatever agreementtion of the rights and legitimate inter-was satirized in the dialogue between they enter into, it shall be consideredests of its citizens, its respect forthe gravediggers' who stand over just, and shall be confirmed." Law Xhuman dignity." Ophelia's grave in Hamlet: set a time limit: "The setting of the sun Polish senior legal specialist Bozena "'Here lies the water; good: here shall be the extreme limit of time Sarnecka-Crouch read from the Polishstands the man; good; if the man go to within which a judge must render his Constitution of May 3, 1791, in view of this water, and drown himself, it is, decision." the fact that Congress had declaredwill he, nill he, he goes mark you Basic elements of another majorMay 3 as "Polish Constitution Day"that; but if the water come to him and Western influence on law, the Greek (Public Law 101-532). Ms. Sarnecka-drown him, he drowns not himself: legal heritage, were part of TheresaCrouch read: argal [arguably], he that is not guilty of Papademetriou's reading. The Law "We declare most solemnly, that anyhis own death shortens not his own Library's senior legal specialist forperson coming into Poland, fromlife. Greek law read passages fromwhatever part of the world, or return- "I think no reasonable person can Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics: ing from abroad, as soon as he sets hisdoubt that... Shakespeare was amus- "A rule of justice is natural that hasfoot on the territory of the Republic,ing himself at the expense of what he the same validity everywhere, andbecomes free and at liberty to exercisecalled 'old father antic the law,"' Mr. does not depend on our accepting ithis industry, wherever and in what- Shroff said. or not. A rule is conventional that in ever manner he pleases, to settle either "So much for the lawyers talking the first instance may be settled inin towns or villages, to farm and rentnonsense." one way or the other indifferently,lands and houses, on tenures and though having once been settled it iscontracts, for as long a term as mayMs. Gawdiak is a writer-editor in the not indifferent." be agreed upon." Law Library.

128 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 135 0

e ` Preserving the Digital Law Expert Speaks at Library Event

BY MARIE-LOUISE BERNAL year 2001, 98 percent Tn a continuing effort to expected to be preserv- lexplore solutions to ing both acquired, or the issue of long-term "born-digital," items as preservation of digital well as materials they legal sources, Law Li- have converted to digi- brarian Rubens Medina tal form. Fewer than called a second meet- half of the institutions ing of managers from NM_with digital holdings re- federal agencies and fresh them by copying other institutions on to new media or migrat- March 25. ing these materials to "I am pleased that so current formats. The many of you have re- need for digital preser- sponded to this invita- vation expertise is high: tion to meet Professor asked to rate staff as ex- Margaret Hedstrom of pert, intermediate or the University of Michi- novice, only eight of the gan in Ann Arbor, an 54 institutions consid- expert in the field, in Skip Swinson ered their staff at the ex- ordertolearn moreLaw Librarian Rubens Medina confers with Rebecca Grahampert level. The report re- about the current state of of the Council on Library and Information Resources and Stevevealed further that the archivingofdigitalLevenson from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts participating member information," the Law libraries looked to RLG Librarian said in his welcomingHedstrom, in cooperation withto make available concrete stan- remarks. "My hope is, with yourSheon Montgomery. Ms. Hedstromdards, guidelines and training. help, to broaden the interest and sup-was the featured speaker and shared Ms. Hedstrom described the orga- port within the federal sector for theher experiences in national and inter-nization of the report and explained development of preservation stan-national attempts to solve digitalits scope and definitions: "It will dards for electronic records." preservation needs. be necessary to totally change our The managers met with Law "Digital preservation policies andthinking. We must no longer see digi- Library staff and officials from otherpractices are not well developedtal information as a continuation of parts of the Library of Congress,in RLG member institutions," Ms. the paper. We must think anew. " such as the Preservation and Refor-Hedstrom admitted. "Based on our In relating current strategies and matting Office, the Congressionalstudy, two-thirds of the institutionsbest practices, complex issues were Research Service and the Copyrightlack written policies for digital pres- touched upon, such as appropriate Office. Stakeholders from otherervation. One common reason thatstandards for long-term preservation agencies and organizations in thisinstitutions appear not to developand the incentives for creators and group include Francis Buckley,digital preservation policies is thatproducers to adopt such standards superintendent of documents, Gov-they have not yet assumed responsi-and who is responsible for preserv- ernment Printing Office; Shelleybility for preserving materials ining which materials. Dowling, librarian of the court, U.S.digital form." Mr. Medina concluded the meeting Supreme Court; Rebecca Graham, Ms. Hedstrom has been conduct-by expressing his commitment to Council on Library and Informationing and supervising research projectsheightening the awareness of the soft- Resources; Steve Levenson from theon the management and preserva-ware industry to the need to develop Administrative Office of the U.S.tion of electronic records for nearlyarchival standards. He also promised Courts; Robert Willard, National20 years. During the last decade sheto continue coordinating efforts to Council of Library and Informationhas called two major conferences thatbring federal stakeholders and inter- Science; and Marc Wolfe of theestablished national priorities forested law librarians together in order National Archives and Recordsresearch and development in thisto keep them current on the archiving Administration. field. The Research Libraries Groupof digital information in general and The meeting focused on a recentlyreport describes the current status ofthe long-term preservation of legal released report by the Researchdigital preservation in 30 researchrecords in particular. Libraries Group, "Digital Preserva-libraries and 24 archives, museums tion Needs and Requirements in RLGand special collections. Ms. Bernal is special assistant to the Institutions," written by Margaret The report indicated that, by the Law Librarian.

JUNE 1999 129 **,

Wonderful Babies Original Drawings for The Water-Babies to Be Exhibited

Agroup of 12 original drawingsmately finds happiness and spiritualjournal devoted to children. She soon created by Jessie Willcox Smithredemption among his fellow aquaticfound her commercial niche creating (1863-1935) in 1916 to illustrate Thefairies and the natural and super-images of children and their world Water-Babies, a children's book by thenatural creatures he befriends in hisfor literary publications and adver- Rev. Charles Kingsley (1819-1875),watery world. Recognized today astising campaigns. In 1894 she en- will go on display on June 10 in theaninternationalclassicamongrolled in drawing classes taught by Swann Gallery of Caricature andchildren's books, dozens of editionsHoward Pyle, perhaps the greatest Cartoon in the Library's Thomashave since been published, thoughteacher in the history of American Jefferson Building. The exhibitionnone more beautiful or imaginativeillustration. Under his tutelage, closes Sept. 18. Hours are 10 a.m. tothan that issued in 1916 by the NewSmith's talents and commissions 5 p.m., Monday through Saturday. York publishing house of Dodd,grew quickly, and by 1900 she was These special works by one of theMead & Company, with illustrationsone of the most popular and success- most popular and successful graphicby Jessie Willcox Smith. ful graphic artists in America. Over artists in Arrierica during the first half Jessie Willcox Smith (1863-1935)the course of her long, productive of this century illustrate the Victorianwas born in Philadelphia the yearcareer she created hundreds of cov- fairy tale about Tom, a young chim- The Water-Babies was first published.ers and illustrations for numerous ney sweep. He escapes the toil andBeginning in 1885 she studied artbooks and such magazines as drudgery of his miserable appren-under the celebrated artist Thomas Harper's, Collier's, Good Housekeeping, ticeship through his magical trans-Eakins at the Pennsylvania AcademyLadies Home Journal and Women's formation by fairies from a dirtyof the Fine Arts and by 1888 had herHome Companion. In addition, her little boy into a clean "water-baby."first drawing published in a nationaloriginal paintings and watercolors Cleansed of soot and sin, Tom ulti-magazine, St. Nicholas, an illustratedwere widely exhibited.

130 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 137 Jessie Willcox Smith evidentlyselection of works by past mas- More information on the Library thought quite highly of her Water-ters. New York advertising executiveof Congress's illustration collections Babies work, for upon her death inErwin Swann (1906-1973) assembledis available through the Swann 1935 she bequeathed the 12 paintingsan extraordinarily diverse collectionFoundation's page on the Library's for the frontispiece and interior colorof nearly 2,000 works of cartoon artWeb site: www.loc.gov /rr /print/ plates to the Library for inclusion inrepresenting 400 artists and span-swann/swannhome.html, bye- the Cabinet of American Illustration,ning two centuries. He developedmailing: [email protected], or by now housed in the Library's Printsthe collection specifically to pro-callingSaraDuke,curatorial and Photographs Division. The Cabi-mote the preservation and con-project assistant for Caricature net was the brainchild of Williamnoisseurship of original cartoonand Cartoon at the Library, at Patten, a former art editor forand illustration drawings. Among(202) 707-9115. Harper's magazine during the 1880sthe collection's high- and 1890s. Patten's idea was to createlights are sketches by a national collection of originalsuch European mas- works of art documenting what heters as Guillaume and others considered the golden ageChevalierGavarni of American book and periodicaland Richard Doyle, illustration that took place from theworks by celebrated 1880s until the outbreak of WorldAmericanillustra- War I. He solicited donations to thetors including John Library from selected AmericanHeld Jr. and Ralph illustrators or their heirs. The Cabi-Barton,American net proved a success, and over thenewspaper cartoon course of four years, until Patten'sstrip works by such deteriorating health slowed thepioneering cartoon- project, the Library amassed a collec-istsas RichardF. tion of 4,000 drawings by the nation'sOutcault and Winsor finest illustrators. Preserved in theMcCay, and contem- Cabinet are representative works byporary cartoons and Arthur Burdett Frost, Alice Barberillustrations by re- Stephens, Charles Dana Gibson,nowned artists, in- Charlotte Harding and Edwincluding Edward Sorel, Abbey, among others. Anita Siegel, Jean- The Swann Gallery showcases the Claude Suarez, Andre collections of the Library of CongressFrancois and Eugene in rotating exhibitions and promotesMihaesco. the ongoing Swann Foundation pro- A fully illustrated gram in the study of cartoon, carica-checklist, printed in ture and illustration, while also offer-color, will be avail- ing a provocative and informativeable to visitors.

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V+1/1\ Research Awards Library Announces Third Mellon Fellowships

fight scholars have won stipends in All applications were reviewed forreception from 1945 to 1955. Ms. _Er the third Mellon Foreign Area Fel-basic criteria including American citi-Ben-Ghiat plans to use materials from lowship competition, the Library's Of-zenship or permanent residency, athe European, Manuscript, and fice of Scholarly Programs announced. Ph.D. and appropriate career level.Motion Picture, Broadcasting and The postdoctoral fellowships, madeApplications were then grouped intoRecorded Sound reading rooms as possible over the last three years by thearea of language specialty and geo-she focuses on nonfiction films and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, were graphic region and carefully reviewedmilitary documentaries. designed to support research thatand ranked in relation to one another Nathan Marc Brooks (New Mexico uses the Library's unrivaled foreign-by specialists familiar with both theState University, Las Cruces) will ex- language and area-studies collections. subject matter and the library re-amine the social contexts of Dmitri Stipends of $3,000 per month, for peri- sources proposed for use. Mendeleev's involvement in contro- ods of five to nine months, were After this primary evaluation stage,versies that stirred Russian society awarded to Christine Adams, Ruth the highest-ranking projects from all ofduring the 19th century. Mendeleev Ben-Ghiat, Nathan Brooks, Zuoya Cao, the regions were considered and the(1834-1907) is known primarily out- Jorge Chinea, Lynn Jones, Kathleenfinal determination of the awards wasside of Russia for his fundamental Kuehnast and Michael Moore. made. They were judged on the basiswork in developing the Periodic "The Library's Mellon Fellowshipof the originality and significance ofSystem of Chemical Elements, but program has received an enthusiastic the proposed project, together with thewithin Russia he became one of the reception, underscoring the initial degree to which the proposed researchmostimportantandinfluential premise for these grants: that theywould use the special foreign-Russian "public scientists," partici- provide much-needed support tolanguage resources of the Library ofpating in public debates concerning promising scholars at an importantCongress. The selected applicationsspiritualism, nationalism and indus- time in their careers," said Prosserwere deemed to propose research thattrialization. To complement his recent Gifford, director of the Office ofembodies most fully the purposes andwork in the Mendeleev archives in Scholarly Programs. goals of the program. St. Petersburg, Mr. Brooks will utilize The postdoctoral fellowships are de- Waldorf, Md., resident Christinethe Library's rich collection of pre- signed to assist fledgling AmericanAdams (Saint Mary's College, Saintrevolutionary Russian materials. scholars as they embark on a secondMary's City, Md.) will study "The The research of Zuoya Cao (Lincoln major research topic following theirSociety for Maternal Charity in 19thUniversity, Lincoln University, Pa.) dissertations. The fellowships promoteCentury France." During this periodentails a study, "Out of the Crucible: use of the Library's rich cultural re-no charitable organization was moreLiterary Works About the Lives of sources, assembled from around theactive in fostering the ideology ofZhiqing." Her sources will be the short globe, while at the same time strength-motherhood and domesticity than the stories and novels relating to the lives ening American expertise to interpretSociety for Maternal Charity, estab-of zhiqing the 17 million Chinese foreign-language materials. Havinglished in 1810 by Napoleon and Em-urban youths who were dispatched by fellows in residence at the Library alsopress Marie-Louise. By 1837, Societies the Chinese Communist regime to live enhances the knowledge and skills ofexisted in 36 towns in France. Buildingand work in rural areas during the sec- the Library's own staff in the latestupon her work in the city archives ofond phase of the Cultural Revolution. research trends and topics throughLyons, Dijon, Rouen and Paris, Ms.The study will explore the historical, occasional gatherings during whichAdams will incorporate state docu-social, cultural and humanistic signifi- fellows are expected to share theirments and other historical materialcance of the zhiqing's rural experience insights and experiences. held by the Library of Congress intodemonstrated in these literary works. The Mellon Fellowship programher examination of the relationships Ms. Cao, a novelist and scholar of com- began in early 1997. Since that time,between the national agenda of strong parative literature, will use the novels, more than 160 applicants have com-and legitimate families and the effortsstories and related periodical, histori- peted for the 20 fellowships eventuallyof local charitable organizations. cal and descriptive materials in the awarded. "This year was the most dif- The research project of Ruth Ben-Library's East Asian collections. ficult in the awarding of these fellow-Ghiat (Fordham University, New York Roseville, Mich., resident Jorge L. ships," Mr. Gifford said, "because ofCity), "Italian Film Between FascismChinea (Wayne StateUniversity, the extraordinary quality of most ofand Democracy," plans to investigateDetroit) will pursue "The Quest for the applications." Nearly all applicants the fate of Italian film institutions andFreedom: Manumission Prospects for presented qualifications and proposalsaesthetics from the fascist era, theMaritime Maroons in the Hispanic worthy of serious pursuit and support.cinema's role in the elaboration ofCaribbean." During the 17th century, "We wish that we had the resources to post-fascist models of national iden-many slaves escaped from French and fund many more worthy projects thantity, and the impact of Cold War poli-British colonies to Cuba and Santo the few selected." tics on film policies, production andDomingo. Despite the scale of these

132 139 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 1 d 0

z intra-Caribbean movements, and theirLibrary's Armenian and Islamic col-ety, in "Rulers of Darkness: Demons in demographic and cultural importance,lections, the microfilms of manu-Early Medieval Society." Between 500 little research has been done on them. script illuminations from importantand 900 A.D., Europe was a culture Following a trip to the Seville archives,monasteries as well as many Euro-that believed itself to be pervaded by Mr. Chinea will explore the primarypean journals. Ms. Jones is fromsinister beings. The place of demons in and secondary accounts of this periodJenkintown, Pa. social structures and perceptions of held in the Manuscript, Map and Main Alexandria, Va., resident Kathleenhistory will be examined, with special reading room collections, as well as inKuehnast (George Washington Uni-emphasis placed on kings, monks, the deep and multilingual Hispanicversity, Washington, D.C.) will buildbishops and the poor. Both social roles collections on the Caribbean. upon her 20 months of ethnographicand sacred spaces were reaffirmed in "The Visual Expression of Armenianfield research over several years instruggles against demonic intrusion, Kingship: Ceremonial and Portrai-Kyrgyzstan to write about the cur-revealing doubts about human capa- ture" is the subject of research by Lynn rent rejuvenation of conservative Is-bilities and about the viability of the A. Jones (University of Maryland,lamic practices and traditional cul-social order. The believed existence of College Park). The Bagratid kings, rul-tural customs affecting Central Asiandemons helped explain the origins of ers of the northern kingdom of Arme-women in "Islam and the New Poli-evil. Mr. Moore will use primarily the nia during the ninth through 13th cen-tics of Gender Ideologies in Centralgeneral collections and the medieval turies, were invested in two separateAsia." She will use Kyrgyz andholdings of the Rare Book and Special ceremonies. One was conducted by theRussian collections to deepen herCollections Division. temporally powerful Muslim gover-knowledge of the historical and reli- The Mellon Foreign Area Fellowship nor and its context was wholly Islamic. gious factors that are now influenc-Program is administered by Lester The second ceremony, performed bying policies and ideologies concern-Vogel in the Office of Scholarly Pro- the Armenian Orthodox patriarch, wasing women's education, employmentgrams (LJ 120), where the fellows are culturally and religiously Armenianand health care to answer howlocated when they are in residence at in nature. This double investiturewomen will shape a future of socialthe Library. Not all of the Fellows are appears to be a symbolic unificationstability and economic sustainability.present at any one time, but a number in the Bagratid kings, a stability that Michael Moore (Wellesley College,of fellowship periods overlap. The was missing in the historical and po- Wellesley, Mass.) will study the socialnew fellows will arrive as early as Au- litical situation. Ms. Jones will use therole of demons in early medieval soci-gust 1999 and as late as June 2000.

Frontiers Canonical Texts: Michael Thursday, June 17 continued from page 119 Fishbane, University of Chicago Session 7: 9:00 a.m. -11:30 a.m. Mary Douglas, University Economics: Michael Woodford, Session 3: 4:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. College, London Princeton University Chair. Rita Colwell, Moral Philosophy: Judge John Robert M. Solow, Massachusetts National Science Foundation T. Noonan Jr., U.S. Court of Institute of Technology Genetics: Eric Lander, White- Appeals, Ninth Circuit Sociology: Neil Smelser, Center head Institute, Massachu- Christine M. Korsgaard, for Advanced Study in the setts Institute of Technology Harvard University Behavioral Sciences David Baltimore, California Session 5: 1:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m. Daniel Bell, Harvard University Institute of Technology Atmospheres and Oceans: Anthropology: Ward Goodenough, Neurobiology: Gerald Wallace S. Broecker, Lamont- University of Pennsylvania Fischbach, National Doherty Earth Observatory, Laura Nader, University of Institute of Neurological Columbia University California, Berkeley Disease and Stroke, Bert Bolin, Stockholm Session 8: 1:30 p.m. 3:00 p.m. National Institutes of Health University Cities: Manuel Castells, University Earth Sciences: Marcia Gerald Edelman, The of California, Berkeley Scripps Research Institute McNutt, Monterey Bay Saskia Sassen, University of Chicago Aquarium Research Institute Psychology: Stephen Pinker, Computer Science and Massachusetts Institute Frank Press, National Academy Communication: Raj Reddy, of Sciences of Technology Carnegie Mellon University Paula Tallal, Rutgers University Sustainability: Peter Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden Invited commentator: Nathan Wednesday, June 16 Myhrvold, Microsoft Session 6: 4:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. Plenary Session: 4:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. Session 4: 9:00 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. Semiotics: Vyacheslav Ivanov, International Relations and Chair George Rupp, University of California, Foreign Policy: Lee Hamilton, Columbia University Los Angeles Religion and the State: Music: Charles Rosen Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars Francis Cardinal George, Kwabena Nketia, Samuel Huntington, Harvard Archbishop of Chicago University of Ghana University Mohammed Arkoun, Poetry: Robert Pinsky, Richard Lugar, U.S. Senate La Sorbonne, Paris Boston University Paul Sarbanes, U.S. Senate BEST COPY AVAILABLE JUNE 1999 133 - 140 Innovative Animators Early American Animation Featured in American Memory

BY KAREN LUND vidence of animation's popularity ..L:a in America is not hard to find. It I NAT. can be seen in national icons such as Mickey Mouse; Bugs Bunny is on a ' ,Hy IS postage stamp; and animated feature i MICE SEOi films such as "Antz" attract audiences ,.w both young and old. COWARDS. These images are the descendants of early black-and-white animated films ? _ made more than 75 years ago. And the desire to create animated images for , entertainment goes back even further. A new presentation from the National Digital Library's American Memory program (www.loc.gov), "Origins of American Animation," makes available on the World Wide Web a sampling of 23 of the earliest animated films, made from 1900 to 1921, from the Library's collections. The filmsFrom "Krazy Kat and Ignatz Mouse at the Circus" (1916), featuring the include clay, puppet and cutout ani-popular cat and mouse duo from the comic strip of the day mation, as well as pen drawings, and reveal some of the earliest innovationsMuybridge's Zoopraxiscope. Made inCo. as licensees, and in 1900 Blackton made in the animation field. 1879, the device used many photo-made "The Enchanted Drawing" for Interest in the idea of animated im-graphs of successive phases of move-Edison. Blackton sketched on a sheet ages existed well before the 20th cen-ment to replicate motion. Theseheld by an easel. He draws a face on tury. In the 19th century, moving images were obtained through the use the paper, then a glass and wine bottle. slides in "magic lanterns" created of multiple cameras. The bottle and glass suddenly become "animated" images for audiences. The invention of the motion picturereal, much to the dismay of the face on Images were put on glass slides, litcamera and a motion picture viewer inthe paper. The artist gives the face a by a lamp and projected to tell a1891 by Thomas A. Edison's labora-drink, which makes him happy again. story, while the use of multiple lan-tory proved that movement could beThe film continues in this vein as other terns, slide changes and levers pro-recorded and replicated easily usingobjects such as a hat and cigar are duced the illusion of motion. single devices, and within five yearsdrawn and then magically become Other devices were also inventedprojectors were developed to enablereal. The tricks were achieved by stop- that used rotating discs or wheels withshowings before large audiences. ping the camera between frames and images on them to simulate move- It was not long before filmmakersmaking substitutions, a common tech- ment, such as the Phenakistoscope,tested the limits of film's possibili-nique of trick films. circa 1828, and the Zoetrope, popularties. Trick films were one result, us- Six years later, Blackton made what in the 1860s. A similar, albeit simpler,ing camera techniques such as stop some consider to be the first American device was the flipbook, or Kineo-motion, dissolves and multiple expo-animated film, "Humorous Phases of graph, invented in 1868, which usedsures to achieve "magical" results,Funny Faces." It features an artist's successive photographic images thatsuch as people or things appearinghand drawing the faces of a man and a the viewer would flip through to emu-and disappearing. woman with chalk. The two faces then late movement. James Stuart Blackton was an impor-begin to interact, as the man blows Some cite Frenchman Emile Rey-tant producer of trick films who be-cigar smoke and tips his hat. Blackton naud's work as an early form ofcame one of the originators of the ani-used a combination of chalk drawings animation. In 1877, he developed amated film. Blackton had performed inand cutouts to achieve the movement. Praxinoscope, a rotating drum with athe vaudeville theater as "The KomikalBy 1910 he ceased his animation experi- strip of painted images that allowedKartoonist," doing "lightning sketches,"ments, while others began theirs. Both the viewer to see the motions reflectedcalled such because the drawings were"The Enchanted Drawing" and "Hu- in a series of mirrors. In 1882, he com-made very rapidly. With Albert E.morous Phases of Funny Faces" can be bined the machine with a projector. Smith, he founded the Vitagraph Co.viewed from the Library's Web site. An important innovation in the re-in 1896 to make films. His company Winsor McCay, considered one of cording of movement was Eadweardproduced many films for the Edisonthe greatest of the early animators,

134 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 141 . 0

"Dud Leaves Home" (1919) from the "Dreamy Dud" series, which stars a boy with an overactive imagination; "The First Circus" (1921), from Tony Sarg's "Almanac" series, which employed shadow silhouette began his career as a newspaper comiciam Randolph Hearst's International the need to redraw background scenes, strip artist. One of his most famousFilm Service. since sheets containing various move- strips was "Little Nemo in Slumber- Raoul Barre was an artist whoments could be laid on top of one land," published in the New York Her-specialized in comic drawings. Heanother. Bray and Hurd formed the ald in 1905. McCay claimed that hisopened his own studio in New YorkBray-Hurd Processing Co. in 1914 and first attempts at an animated film werein 1913, the first professional anima-created a monopoly on the animation inspired by some flipbooks his sontion studio. He joined with Charlesprocess since they owned the patents owned, but his assistant John Fitz-Bowers to form the Barre-Bowersto these methods. It was not unti11932 simmons claimed that his efforts re-Studio in 1916. One of Barre's inno-that the patents expired and their ani- sulted from a bet he had made with avations was a peg system of register-mation process became public do- fellow artist that he could makeing drawings, which kept the papermain. Inspired by the Buster Brown enough drawings to produce a four- toin place, a system still in use today.comic strip, Hurd created the Bobby five-minute film of the Little NemoTo avoid having to redraw the back-Bump series of animated films, repre- characters. However it came about, inground in every sheet, he used thesented on the Web site by "Bobby 1911 McCay released the film "Little "slash" system, in which he wouldBumps Starts a Lodge." Nemo." He made 4,000 drawings forlay down one sheet over another and continued on page 139 the film using translucent rice papercut away what was unnecessary to and india ink. To create fluid move-reveal the background of the sheet The Web site "Origins of Ameri- ment, he devised a wooden holder andbelow. This method was soon sur- can Animation" contains MPEG, put crosshairs in the corners of the pa-passed by the use of clear cels. Some Quicktime and RealPlayer ver- per to keep the drawings in registerof the Barre films available on the sions of each film for the viewer to and used a stopwatch to time theWeb site are two "Phables" and two download at memory.loc.gov/ movements on paper to the split sec-others based on Tom Powers's news- ammem/oahtml/oahome.html. ond. Subsequent films included "Thepaper comics. The films contain a piano score Story of a Mosquito" and "Gertie the John Randolph Bray began his composed especially for them by Dinosaur," the latter one of the mostcareer as an artist for a newspaper. Philip Carli. In addition, notes by famous and influential of early ani-He soon began selling cartoons to former Library of Congress cura- mated films. magazines. His first animated film tor Scott Simmon are available for With "The Sinking of the Lusitania,"was "The Artist's Dream," released each film. Also on the Web site is he began working with cels, whichin 1913. After signing a contract with a finding aid to silent animated were clear sheets of celluloid thatPathe to make cartoons, Bray set up films in the collections of the could be laid over a background, thushis own studio with other artists. He Motion Picture, Broadcasting and eliminating the need to repeatedlypatented many of his improvements Recorded Sound Division. draw every background detail on each on the animation process, realizing Note: Several good resources sheet. His films "The Centaurs" andearly on the business potential of on silent animation, which have "Gertie on Tour," made in 1921, sur-these developments. One of these in- helped inform this article, are vive only as fragments and are avail-novations was the use of translucent Charles Solomon's The History of able on the Library's site. paper to make it easier to position Animation; Donald Crafton's Be- After 1912 the animation field grewobjects in successive drawings. fore Mickey: The Animated Film, rapidly. Many studios sprung up, in- In 1914 Earl Hurd received a patent 1898-1928, and Jeff Lenburg's The cluding the Raoul Barre Studio, the for his innovation of using clear sheets Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. John Randolph Bray Studio and Will-of celluloid (cels), which eliminated

JUNE 1999 135 I42 BEST COPY AVAILABLE * 0

"Gerry Mulligan, whose career spanned five decades, worked gracefully in many styles and with many artists, defying the categories that so often narrow our vision of a creative spirit. Gerry Mulligan would not, could not, be categorized, and he flourished through changing times, in many cultures, and with many musical voices ranging from the baritone saxophone that was his principal instrument, to the full orchestra." James H. Billington in opening remarks at the inauguration of the Gerry Mulligan exhibition April 6,1999

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Gail Fineberg Participants in the opening of the new Gerry Mulligan exhibition included Jon Newsom, chief of the Music Division; Dr. Billington; Winston Tabb, associate librarian for Library Services; Scott Robinson, the saxophonist who played Mulligan's sax during the event, wearing the Tibetan scarf just given him by Thamthog Rinpoche; Franca (Mrs. Gerry) Mulligan; the Venerable Lama Thamthog Rinpoche, holding Mulligan's baritone saxophone; and Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari, special envoy of the Dalai Lama.

136 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 14,3 The Gerry Mulligan Collection Library Opens Permanent Exhibition Area

BY TOMAS C. HERNANDEZ corner, easy to miss, is a small "Dear Gerry, I found a sax section of a saxophone. The Let's shoot it again." prints are arranged in two V enny Rogers wrote this parallel rows of four each, one IN.note at the bottom of a above the other, framing a brass black-and-white photograph plate with black raised letters he took of a bespectacled Gerry that say, "The Gerry Mulligan Mulligansans saxophone Collection." Dated 1996, the sitting on a stool and holding a prints, by the artist Antonio score in his left hand (see Frasconi, were the artist's gift cover). The country-and-west- to Mulligan's wife, Franca ern singer took the photograph Rota Mulligan, president of 1 of Mulligan for his book on Mulligan Publishing Co. famous people. He sent a car to Walking around the room, take Gerry to the studio in New looking at the items on the York where he was shooting walls and in the display cases, the photographs, and they had the visitor becomes aware of a good time together. Kenny the numerous picturesof Rogers wanted to take more Mulligan looking straight out photographs of Gerry with his at the viewer. These likenesses saxophone, and he sent Gerry seem to take on a life of their the photograph with his note, own, giving the entire room a one of the many items of inter- vital presence, an energy, made est newly displayed in the almost palpable by the memen- Music Division foyer. tos of Mulligan's life and career. What a transformation no Indeed, the room exudes a more drab gray metal lockers; strong personality someone in their place are handsomely "demanding and temperamen- veneeredwoodendisplay tal," as Ken Poston, director of cases. Out with sterile fluores- the California Institute for the cent lighting, in with dimmed Gail Fineberg Preservation of Jazz in Long spotlights. Out with 'keep-The centerpiece of the Gerry Mulligan exhibi-Beach, described Mulligan in moving' tangerine carpeting, intion is a large case displaying Mulligan's gold- the program notestothe with linger-awhile brown. Wel- plated baritone saxophone. Here it is drapedMulligan concert April 6. Mr. come to the permanent home ofwith a ceremonial Tibetan scarf placed by the Poston wrote that these quali- the Gerry Mulligan Collection. Venerable Lama Thamthog Rinpoche during ties "enabled [Mulligan] to get Walking along the brightly litthe opening of the exhibition. the most out of the musicians corridor of the Madison Build- who were working with him. ing, one notices the darkened foyer ofgan's preferred instrument, capable ofHe always knew what he wanted the Performing Arts Reading Room.greater projection than his older,musically and he knew how to get it. Through the double glass doors, thesilver-plated saxophone, also a Conn.His ensembles were always the epi- smiling eyes of a bearded man in aAcross from it is the Grammy Awardtome of discipline and musicianship." life-size black-and-white photographMulligan received for his album, Walk One of the giants of jazz, Mulligan beckon the curious visitor. Wearing aon the Water. Between these items andhad a distinctive, personal style. striped shirt under an argyle sweaterthe photograph sits the saxophonePianist-composer Dave Brubeck once vest, plaid sport coat slung casuallycase, lined with red velvet, and atop its said, "When you listen to Gerry over his right shoulder, the man seems lid are three personal items a darkMulligan, you hear the past, the to direct the visitor's sight to a gleam-blue hat with the Izod alligator patch,present and the future." He was a ing gold-plated baritone saxophone,a pair of dark brown gloves, and alegend in his own time "who can resting on its stand within a largeburgundy scarf with a dark bluenever be replaced," wrote Bret Pri- wood and glass case in the middle ofpaisley lining. mack in a eulogy for the Internet's the room. Behind the display case on theJazz Central Station. This is the instrument Mulliganback wall is a set of eight wood-block As a saxophone player of prodigious played in all public performances dur-prints in various hues dark gray,technique and uniquely personal style, ing the last decade of his life until hislavender, purple, brown showingMulligan was an international jazz death on Jan.19, 1996. Crafted by C.G.a larger-than-life close-up of Mulli-celebrity. As a composer-arranger and Conn in Elkhardt, Ind., it was Mulli-gan's face. In the lower right handimproviser, his extensive discography

JUNE 1999 137 0 aP0:k f I/j \N

The teenaged Gerry Mulligan is shown (left center) ca. 1942-43 playing his first instrument, the clarinet, with a group in South Temple, Pa., a small town north of Reading, where he lived at the time.

semble basedmonic in December 1989, and in the on the idea ofdisplay case below it, the program the "pianoless"with the Gerry Mulligan Quartet fea- quartet,with turing Mulligan's composition Entente Bob Brookmey-for baritone saxophone and orchestra, er, Art Farmeras well as K-4 Pacific. There is a also and Zoot Sims.quaint photo of a barefoot Mulligan Until his death,playing his saxophone and wearing he continued toa dark gray tunic taken in the performwithGuadeloupe islands in 1978. his Quartet and A Time magazine article on Feb. 2, ConcertJazz1953, (quoted by Mr. Primack in his attests to his originality, versatility andBand and appeared as guest soloisteulogy) reported that "the hot music rhythmic vitality. He continually chal-and arranger for other bands, sym- topic in Los Angeles last week was the lenged himself to expand his musicalphony orchestras, chamber groupscool jazz of a gaunt, hungry-looking horizons, writing not only jazz forand jazz festivals. Musicians he col-young (25)fellow named Gerry groups of various sizes, but music forlaborated with include Astor Piaz-Mulligan.... [His] kind of sound is just film and symphony orchestras, par-zolla, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Barryabout unique in the jazzfield." ticularly the New York Philharmonic,Manilow, Zubin Mehta, Benny Carter, Mulligan elevated the baritone saxo- whose former director, Zubin Mehta,Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk,phone to the status of a solo instru- was a close colleague and friend. Charles Mingus, Count Basie, Davement, revealing its capabilities in the Born on April 6, 1927, in New YorkBrubeck, Wynton Marsalis, Sarahupper register a much lighter, yet City, Gerard Joseph Mulligan grew upVaughan and Ella Fitzgerald. warm and elegant, sound. in Philadelphia, where, as a teenager, Some of these artists are featured in "What came out of Gerry Mulligan's he first began composing arrange-the current exhibition. On the righthorn was precious.... His laconic, vel- ments for a local radio station. Thewall, one sees a photograph of Mulli-vety sound ... put the horn on the jazz synthesis of the individual timbres ofgan at the piano with Davis, Dizziemap," Primack continued in his eulogy. the various instruments, the interac-Gillespie and Teddy Wilson at a prac- Among Mulligan's admirers is Presi- tion among them and the complex tex- tice session in the late 1940s. Below it isdent Clinton, who wrote, "No one ever tures that arose from that interactiona photo of Mulligan playing a duetplayed that horn like he did, and no engaged his imagination. Havingwith saxophonist Ben Webster inone ever will." This handwritten note learned that arrangers were the peopleDecember 1959 for the recording Gerry appears after the typewritten text of a responsible for putting together theseMulligan Meets Ben Webster, one of aformal letter of condolence to Franca instruments, he decided to become aseries Mulligan made with other mu-Mulligan, which has been framed composer-arranger and obtained hissicians including Paul first professional engagement with theDesmond, Stan Getz, Claude Thornhill Band in 1948. DuringJohnny Hodges, Zoot this period, Mulligan, with fellow ar-Sims and Thelonious Ile ranger Gil Evans and other artistsMonk. In a historic (among them George Russell, who ledphotograph taken by his Living Time Orchestra in a sizzlingArt Kane for Esquire show at the Coolidge Auditorium onmagazine in 1959, and May 10, part of the Library of Congresscelebrated in the film Concert Series) developed a newdocumentary "Great sound that made its recording debutDay in Harlem," Mull- with the landmark album The Birth ofigan is one of 57 prom- the Cool, featuring a nine-piece en-inent jazz musicians of semble with Miles Davis (who affec-the day who are pic- tionately called Gerry "Jeru"). tured on New York's In the early 1950s, he moved from East 126th Street. New York to Los Angeles, where he Ontheopposite formed his legendary "pianoless"wall, one sees a photo- Gerry Mulligan with President Clinton and Hillary quartet featuring Chet Baker, creatinggraph of MulliganRodham Clinton at a White House reception for a sound that was described as "Westplaying his saxophonethe 18th annual Kennedy Center Honors, Decem- Coast Jazz." In 1960 he formed thewith Zubin Mehta and ber 1995. Mulligan was on the Artists' Commit- Concert Jazz Band, a 13-piece en-the New York Philhar-tee for the 1995 Kennedy Center Honors.

138 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 145 .4 VY *oF

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SS below a photograph of Mulligan withof the Music Division, who negotiated the president and first lady. In the casethe donation of the collection with below it is a color snapshot of Mulligan Mulligan before he died and afterward playing with a distinguished group ofcollaborated with Mrs. Mulligan. The saxophone players on the steps of the exhibition officially opened on April 6 Capitol during President Clinton's Mulligan's birthday with a cer- 1992 inauguration. emony in Madison Hall led by the In the three display cases along theLibrarian. A close friend of Mulligan walls are other items from the collec-and his wife, the Venerable Lama tion. Found here are facsimiles of hisThamthog Rinpoche, abbot of three earliest arrangements for the Thornhillmonasteries in Tibet and director and band; the original manuscript of Jeru,master of the Center for Tibetan Stud- one of his most famous compositions;ies in Milan, also attended. That and manuscripts of Young Blood and ofevening, the Gerry Mulligan Tribute the full score for K-4 Pacific, titled afterBand performed an all-Mulligan con- the famous steam locomotive engine.cert in the Coolidge Auditorium as part Mulligan loved to travel by train.of the Library of Congress Concert Displayed in the same case as a Mull-Series. Featured were longtime Mulli- igan head shot on the cover of the Maygan colleagues and former members 1983 issue of L'uomo Vogue magazine is of his various groups: trombonist Bob the program cover for the premiere ofBrookmeyer (who also led the band), his Octet for Sea Cliff for the Sea Cliffbassist Dean Johnson, pianist Ted Chamber Players. Mulligan was espe-Rosenthal, drummer Ron Vincent, bari- cially proud that his name and likeness tone saxophonist Scott Robinson, altoGerry Mulligan performing in the were printed together with those ofand tenor saxophonist Dick Oatts and 1980s Beethoven and Schubert. The text reads, trumpeter Randy Brecker. "Schubert!Beethoven!Mulligan!... The entire Mulligan Collection con-jazz notables and papers relating to Mulligan? ...Yes, Gerry Mulligan!" One sists of some 700 items now being pro-different concerts and projects. The also finds LP jackets of his landmarkcessed by the Music Division. Thesesaxophone was a later addition, do- recordings, The Birth of the Cool withitems are divided into several catego-nated by his wife with the express Miles Davis and his band; Music ofries reflecting Mulligan's diverse inter-wish to have the instrument played. Young Blood, the 1952 recording he made ests and accomplishments from hisThus Scott Robinson played it at the with Stan Getz; the Grammy winneradolescent years until his death. In-ceremony as well as the concert. Walk on the Water; The Age of Steam; andcluded are music for recordings, lead The exhibition is open during the the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival record- sheets and sketches, arrangements andhours of the Performing Arts Reading ing of Duke Ellington and his orchestraparts for his Concert Jazz Band (theRoom, 8:30 a.m.- 5 p.m., Monday with Mulligan as solo saxophonist. single largest category), miscellaneousthrough Saturday. The exhibition, mounted by thearrangements for his Tentet, small- Library's Interpretive Programs Office,band arrangements, a few symphonic Mr. Hernandez is a music specialist in is the brainchild of Jon Newsom, chiefarrangements, correspondence with the Music Division.

Animation Other early animation efforts avail- Although early animated films con- continued from page 135 able on the "Origins of Americantain creative elements amazing for Animation" site include marionettetheir time, they can still be thought to William Randolph Hearst's Interna-action. Howard S. Moss created thebe in their infancy. Critics of the time tional Film Service was established inMotoy stop-motion puppet series, ofargued that these early films were 1915. The service took out a cel licensewhich "Mary & Gretel," available on- merely sight gags that the animator from Bray and began releasing ani-line, is one example. The creator ofhad devised and that they lacked clear, mated films in 1916. Many of theseKing Kong, Willis O'Brien, had ear-well-developed plots. Those elements films were based on comic strip char-lier been a cartoonist. He created fig-would come later with the rise of acters from Hearst newspapers, suchures from india rubber for his puppetanimators such as Walt Disney and as Krazy Kat, the Katzenjammer Kidsanimation films "The Dinosaur andstaffs of writers and production per- and Happy Hooligan. George LaCava,the Missing Link" and "R.F.D., 10,000sonnel. But without these early efforts, formerly of Barre-Bowers, was chosenB.C.," made in 1917 for Edison. Tonywhich carved a path for future anima- as the studio head. IFS was closed inSarg, who had a marionette act intion, there would be no Mickey Mouse 1918 after scandals occurring withvaudeville theater, made his ani-or Bugs Bunny today. Hearst's International News Servicemated films using the shadow silhou- caused its decline. The Web siteette with Herbert M. Dawley, pro- Karen C. Lund is a digital conversion includes three Krazy Kat films, oneducer of the films. His work isspecialist for the National Digital Katzenjammer Kids film and severalrepresented on the Web site by the in-Library Program in the Motion Picture, other IFS films based on Tom Powers's ventive film "The First Circus" (seeBroadcasting and Recorded Sound newspaper cartoons. photo on p. 135). Division.

JUNE 1999 139 , 6, BEST COPY AVAILABLE Living Pictographs Asian Scholar Unlocks Secrets of the Naxi Manuscripts

BY MI CHU WIENS of Lijiang was once the center of the An Asian scholar is deciphering apowerful Naxi kingdom, which flour- collection of pictographic manu-ished with varying degrees of indepen- scripts in the Asian Division that hedence from the eighth century until classifies as the finest example of the 1724, when it came under the direct only living pictographic language in Chinese rule of the Qing Dynasty. the world today. Naxi pictographs at first glance Zhu Bao-Tian, a noted cultural an-resemble the hieroglyphics in the Book thropologist from the Yunnan Provin- of Death of ancient Egypt. They are, cial Museum in China, is preparing ahowever, more sophisticated and com- research guide to the Naxi (pronounced plete because they range from a system NA-shi) pictographic manuscripts in of symbols to a complicated rebus with the Library's Chinese collections. verbs, particles and phonetics. The Naxi pictographs differ from Chi-booklets portray a distinctive religion nese characters and may be comparedwith a unique theological interpreta- to Egyptian or Mayan hieroglyphs.tion of the cosmos. A simplified form of Naxi pictographic The Dongbas, who created the book- writing is still in use in Lijiang Districtlets in the Library's collection, used of the Yunnan Province. them as prompts for religious rituals "The Naxi manuscripts are a livingand shamanistic ceremonies of which fossil for the study of ancient culture,"they were the sole purveyors. When said Mr. Zhu, who is one of the fewthe priests died, the sacred books were non-Naxi with Naxi fluency, having buried with them in mountain caves or learned the language at the Centralsometimes burned in funeral pyres. Institute for Nationalities in Beijing,Many of the edges of the books in the N. Alicia Byers and from the Naxi Dongba, or priests,Library's collection are charred. Zhu Bao-Tian inspects a Naxi manu- when he lived among the Naxi people The Library purchased the collectionscript in the Asian Reading Room. for two years in the late 1950s. between 1924 and 1948 from Joseph Today there are 260,000 Naxi people. Rock, a self-taught botanist who spent1940 edition of Natural History: The They are one of 50 or so ethnic minori-24 years in the Yunnan Province in theMagazine of the American Museum of ties in China. Their predominant tribe, 1920s, '30s and '40s for National Geo-Natural History. the Moso, is matrilineal. Mostly farmersgraphic, studying the culture of the "These old documents... are ex- and traders, the Naxi live in the Hima-Naxi and collecting manuscripts. tremely rare and scientifically impor- layan foothills near the Yangtze River. Another early Naxi scholar wastant because almost nothing is known Although there are still practicing NaxiQuentin Roosevelt, the grandson ofof the [Naxi] people whose history they priests, they use a simplified picto-Theodore Roosevelt. After travelingreveal. Furthermore, the art of making graphic system to produce a limitedto Lijiang to collect manuscripts, hethe books has died out and the scrolls, set of manuscripts, which they use forreported on his journey in the Aprilwhich used to take a skilled [Dongba] standard ceremonies such as six months to make while in a funerals and blessings. Some trance, are scarcely ever seen Naxi people conduct cer- 4° now. The writing, unlike any- emonies independently at thing known elsewhere, re- small altars in their kitchens. sembles superficially the an- The Library's collection of cient Egyptian hieroglyphics, 3,038 manuscripts is the larg- but it has a certain action and est outside of China, and con- humor that separates it sidered the finest in the world at once from anything so as it is unrivaled in quality stylized. The characters, at and variety among Naxi col- first glance, look like a child's lections in Europe, Taiwan picture book, a sort of Mickey and China, Mr. Zhu said. Mouse. There are many little The manuscripts are from drawings of cows, horses, the remote mountain valleys birds, tigers, dwarfs and of the Yunnan Province in strange gods that show southwest China near the Ti- a vigorous and refreshing betan and Burmese borders.A Naxi manuscript about hell describes the "fat-artistic style." The present prefectural citybelly demons" who live there. The Dongba priests wrote 140 147 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 0 , *5.2.;/ -Tr-lr ASS on coarse, handmade paper. Sheets were sown together at the left edge to form a book. Pages were ruled horizontally, and the pictographs Naxi Manuscripts Pose were drawn from left to right in three or five sections within the rules. Somewhat thicker Preservation Challenges sheets of paper form a stiff cover, which has BY MARK ROOSA the title. They were usually named after the Chortly after Zhu Bao-Tian, a noted Chinese cultural anthropol- type of ceremony for which they were used. ogist, arrived at the Library (see story on page 140), Jesse Munn, A large percentage of the ceremonies deal with Conservation Division liaison to the Asian Division, and Mi Chu exorcism, but the manuscripts in the Library's Wiens, a Chinese specialist in the Asian Division, met with Mr. Zhu collection also include a pictographic creation to discuss how his review of the Library's collection of Naxi manu- story, a sacrifice to the serpent king, accounts scripts might best be balanced with their conservation needs. of famous people ascending to the realm of The Naxi manuscript collection contains 3,038 unique, precious deities and love-suicide stories. According to a 1955 assessment of the and vulnerable volumes. The unusual, long, horizontal format Library's manuscripts for the Bulletin of the presented special handling considerations. Because the manu- Institute of Ethnology Academia Sinica (Taipei, scripts had suffered damage throughout the centuries, conserva- Taiwan, 1958) by art historian Li Lin-Ts'an, tion specialists devised a two-pronged preventive maintenance "The Yunnan Province was famous for Yun- approach: to devise a reading cradle to carefully support the items nan pines. Their wood, after being set on fire, so Mr. Zhu could examine their individual pages, and to design a liberates a soot which is easy to collect. This suitable storage container that would protect the manuscripts soot, when mixed with some glue and water, from future damage and deterioration. forms an excellent ink. During winter, the lei- The construction of a reading cradle is normally straightforward. sure season for farmers, the [Naxi] sorcerers, The Naxi manuscripts, however, are problematic in that their pages without any farming work to do, sat down by are in a long horizontal format and side sewn, which restricts the their fireplace and using a bamboo pen dipped extent to which the volumes can be opened without causing damage. it into their ink while humming to themselves, To address this, several manuscripts were examined to determine the and they began to write a Sacred Book for plea- maximum amount a typical manuscript could be opened without sure or for some special festival usage." stressing the pages or binding. Then a special support cradle was con- Mr. Li wrote: "The books for sacrifices to structed at the correct reading height and angle that provides access those who committed suicide from frustrated to the manuscripts while providing safe support for the vulnerable love are the most romantic and poetic of the hand-sewn binding. [Naxi] people. The [Naxi] youth all believe The edges are vulnerable due to the ceremonial burnings designed that at the upper part of the Jade Dragon to release the manuscripts' messages to the heavens, and the covers Mountain, just under the white snow peaks, of a number of the volumes contain drawings that must be protected there is a wonderful land, with thousands of from abrasion during handling, transport and storage. Conservators kinds of flowers covering its fields, called Terry Boone, Margaret Brown and Ms. Munn worked together to 'The Kingdom of the Suicide Lovers.' If any design a single tray case and storage box of chemically inert materi- couple, who because of love frustration, als to individually house the manuscripts. The tray case contains a climb to this wonderful place and kill them- recessed area in which the manuscript rests, along with a tissue selves, they will never part from each other paper inner wrapper that prevents abrasion and protects the edges again and will keep their youth and beauty of volumes from further damage. A manuscript is easily lifted from forever, and will be happy always." its tray by means of a wide ribbon attached to the bottom of the case. Mr. Li reported that 440 of the volumes in Five individual tray cases fit into a larger storage box to ease in stor- the Library's collection were for funeral cerL' age and retrieval. The storage box provides an additional layer of pro- emonies. "This great number is due to the fact tection from the environment and a safeguard when the manuscripts that the [Naxi] people look upon death as an are transported to and from the reading room. affair of great moment." The Naxis believe the Team work paid off, as is often true in the conservation of impor- soul goes immediately to hell. One of the tant artifacts from the Library's collections. In this case, after the Dongbas' primary duties is to lead souls out design of the tray case and storage box was completed, Ms. Munn of hell. Another 74 volumes were used for wrote the specifications and Ms. Brown made the drawings for the divination, wrote Li. "The [Naxi] people are a case and storage box, which included detailed descriptionsof how to tribe whose members like divination above make the case. The specifications and drawings will be used by an all other things." outside contractor to manufacture this new product. As a guide for The rare manuscripts cover the history of a the manufacturer, conservators Maria Nugent and Nancy Lev made writing system over a span of 400 years. Al- prototype tray cases. though the Dongbas were free to use their The reading cradle and the storage housings will make it pos- own systems, the pictographic scripts have sible for the Library to protect this incomparable collection now considerable uniformity in depicting envi- and in the future. ronmental features and ritual objects. The uniformity is due to the environmental and Mr. Roosa is chief of the Conservation Division. This article was written cultural contexts shared by the priests. with the assistance of Ms. Brown and Ms. Munn. continued on page 142

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Adopt a Rural School Library Chiao Urges Aid to Poor Regions of China

BY LAURA L. WONG many of whom are educators and pro-students and village residents alike. On March 4, Lungching Chiao toldfessionals. Ms. Chiao acknowledgedAlso key to success is the involvement an audience at the Library howthat, while China has made consider-of educators at the local level. they can improve education oppor-able strides in strengthening the educa- In turn, ESS provides the donors tunities in some of the poorest re-tion system as a whole, basic education from the United States and elsewhere gions of China. resources in some of the poorest and with progress reports on their school The lecture was jointly sponsored bymost remote regions of the country areand an ESS annual report. Interaction the Library's Asian American Associa-still lacking. In most rural schools, for between the donor and the school is en- tion and the Chinese American Librar- example, the only materials children see couraged and administrative expenses ians Association. are textbooks, and many families cannotare kept low, in part because program Targeting those regions with the afford to send their children to second- committee members are volunteers. greatest needs, Adopt a Rural Schoolary school. Village residents have little The ESS has also developed other Library is based on the premise thataccess to general or technical informa- programs that enhance education. Local education is a powerful means fortion that might improve their farmingteachers, administrators and research- change. Ms. Chiao emphasized thatproductivity or living environment. ers in China have been invited to join the village school library is a resource Ms. Chiao then told how a villagethe "Workshops on Basic Education," a that is fully accessible by the entire vil-school can become a program partici-forum for the exchange of views, ideas lage community, in addition to the stu- pant and how donors outside Chinaand teaching methods with educators dents and teachers. As of 1999, 1,500can help. In various provinces in China, from abroad. These have been held in such school libraries plus 21 rural pub-local representatives that have beenvarious sites in China since 1993, and an lic libraries have been established inappointed by ESS identify eligibleaudience member who is a Library of China by this program. schools and screen applications. TheCongress staffer described her partici- Ms. Lungching Chiao has a worked inlists of final candidate schools are thenpation in the 1998 workshop as both an the education, psychology and library forwarded to the ESS committee in theeye-opening and inspiring experience. services fields. She has also served United States, and once selected for the Another ESS program provides schol- as program coordinator for New Yorkaward, the school signs an agreementarships to secondary-school children to City's Asian Bilingual Educationwith ESS. Accountability, with ongoingsubsidize their room and board, books Programs (1975 to 1980). Currently she reporting and communications be-and expenses. The "Read to Discover" is senior program manager for the U.S.tween the adopted school and ESS, isprogram encourages teachers to help Department of Education's Fulbright-important to the program's success.students grow beyond the basic curricu- Hays Programs. Proper management must be demon- lum by developing critical thinking and ARSL is one of several programsstrated, from selection and purchase ofproblem-solving skills. sponsored by Education and Sciencebooks and materials (using booklists Society (ESS), a nonprofit organizationdrawn up by Chinese education offi-Ms. Wong is a reference librarian in the formed in 1980 by Chinese Americans,cials), to circulation of materials among Asian Division.

Naxi romance and love-related ceremonies,ings and Quentin Roosevelt's private continued from page 141 prayers for longevity, aspiration forcollection. At Harvard from 1995 to wisdom, sacrifice to the god of bravery1997, Mr. Zhu cataloged the Yenching One of the first 69 manuscripts thatand victory, ancestral worship, repel-Library's 598 Naxi manuscripts, the Library bought from Rock in 1924ling sickness, casting out evil spirits,arranging them into 13 categories and contains a pictographic creation myth. blocking malicious ghosts, prayers for aredrawing the pictographs. "It was immediately recognized as anbetter reincarnation, divination and Mr. Zhu's two-year cataloging important document for the study not miscellaneous ceremonies. project for the Library of Congress is only of the Naxi language and litera- Mr. Zhu's catalog, A Research Guide to made possible by a $60,000 grant ture, but also the folklore and shaman-the Naxi Manuscripts in the Library ofto the Library from the Chiang istic ceremonies," said Mr. Zhu. Congress, will describe each manu-Ching-kuo Foundation for Interna- A 40-foot scroll from Rock's collec- script, transcribe the pictographs andtional Scholarly Exchange, a private tion tells of the soul's journey fromprovide a Naxi phonetic transcription,organization that promotes the study death to heaven. It tells how the soula Chinese translation, a description ofof Chinese culture and society. The was tortured by demons in hell. Thethe contents of each manuscript and itsproject will complete the biblio- torture redeems his karma and his soulsize and physical features. graphic guide for access to Naxi journeys to the realm of heaven. Mr. Zhu has also reviewed andmanuscripts in the United States. Mr. au is dividing the manuscriptspublished a catalog on the Harvard into 13 categories: sacrifice to the high-University collection and has sur- Ms. Wiens of the Library's Asian Division est deity, sacrifice to the serpent king,veyed the Peabody Museum's hold- is directing the Naxi cataloging project.

142 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 249 cY or 51i To Make a Broader Difference Rep. Wu Keynotes Asian Pacific American Month

BY CHRISTINA TYLER medical fields. After winning his first Almost all families in the United run for election of any kind, he was States share a similar heritage, sworn into office on Jan. 6. despite ethnic and cultural back- "My father was in the first lady's grounds. box, where the first lady sits for the That's what Rep. David Wu State of the Union address, and I (D-Ore.) told the audience during wondered if he still wished that I had his Asian Pacific American Heri- Oglow, finished medical school," he recalled. tage Month keynote address at the Rep. Wu is a member of the House Library on May 12. Education and the Workforce Com- The most important similarity of mittee, which will play a crucial role the vast majority of Americans is that in shaping the nation's education their families came to this land from policy though the upcoming reau- another, he said. It is also important, thorization of the Elementary and however, for a person to learn about Secondary Education Act. Although his or her ancestors' birthplace. he is not in medicine, he will have "The opportunity to participate in some influence on its practice as a the American dream is a gift of the member of the Subcommittee on American spirit, and I'm grateful Employer-Employee Relations, which everyday to share it," Rep. Wu said. will look at health care reform. He is "I do my job every day with the also on the Committee on Science subcommittees on Space and Aero- faith that we are all serving a larger Rep. David Wu (D-Ore.) purpose." nautics and Technology. Rep. Wu, 44, is the first Chinese- "The smallest public decision can American U.S. representative and from Yale in 1982. make a profound difference in a was elected from Oregon's First He told a story about his first yearperson's life," he said. He encour- District, encompassing six countiesin medical school, when he decidedaged audience members to run for from Portland to the Pacific coast.he could make more of a contributionoffice or get involved in local govern- His family emigrated from Taiwanto society by becoming somethingment. Rep. Wu also urged the audi- in the early 1960s because his fatherother than a doctor, such as a lawyer.ence to teach their children about wanted to continue his education"When I told my father I wanted totheir heritage. "In order to properly and offer his family greater opportu-leave med school to make a broaderlive, we have to have some anchor to nities. difference, he started sending mewhere we've been." But, Rep. Wu said, a family's heri-articles about doctors helping im- After his speech, an audience tage need not be lost in the move.poverished communities and aboutmember asked his opinion of the "I'm here to reassure you that what-attorneys chasing ambulances." recent accidental bombing of the ever your children say, they will re- After he completed law school,Chinese Embassy in Kosovo. member your sacrifices," he said. Rep. Wu had a clerkship with a fed- Rep. Wu, who spent part of his Rep. Wu graduated from Stanforderal judge in Portland. There he co-childhood in China, said, "People in University with a bachelor's degreefounded asuccessful law firm,China have difficulty understanding in 1977. He attended Harvard Medi-Cohen & Wu, working mostly withhow a country as technologically cal School and earned his law degreeprofessionals in the technology andadvanced as the United States can make this kind of mistake. In technology, what you put in is what you Clarifications get out, and humans are fallible. What I find disturbing is that the In the story on the Library's fourth annual preservation workshop Chinese government kept the U.S. (LC Information Bulletin, May 1999, p. 103), the name of Library apologies and explanations off the Staffer Hans Wang was misspelled. air for several days. The cover story "The Work of Charles and Ray Eames" (LC Informa- "I hope the tragedy is not a wedge tion Bulletin, May 1999, p. 104) neglected to mention C. Ford Peatross, in a sundering relationship. In strong curator of Architecture, Design and Engineering Projects in the Prints relationships, bad things happen, and Photographs Division, when crediting those who worked on the and you weather them." exhibition "Charles and Ray Eames: A Legacy of Invention." The exhibition is on display at the Library through Sept. 4. Ms. Tyler is assistant editor of The Gazette, the Library's staff newspaper.

JUNE 1999 143 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 50 O

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Marita V. Vance Marita V. Vance More than 200 middle school students participated in a series ofreadings and a question-and-answer session with Library staff in the Coolidge Auditorium April 26. `Building a Nation of Readers' ABicentennial Series for Schoolchildren

BY CHARLYNN SPENCER PYNE program into an intellectual journey. read excerpts from Narrative of the On the morning of April 26, the air During a question-and-answerLife of Frederick Douglass (1849), in in the Coolidge Auditorium wasperiod before the program, the chil-which the former slave, statesman filled with the excitement of more thandren peppered Ms. Kresh, who mod-and foremost African American 200 fourth and fifth grade students.erated the program, John Cole, direc-spokesperson of the 19th century de- They came from Bolling Air Forcetor of the Center for the Book, andscribed how he learned to read. Mr. Base, Brent Museum Magnet School,Marvin Kranz, American historyMiddleton also read an 1859 letter CapitolHill Day School,Stuartspecialist in the Manuscript Division,from 10-year-old Annie Douglass to Hobson Elementary School, Walkerwith inquiries about the Library. Theher father, Frederick, who had fled to JonesElementarySchoolandstudents' interest varied from theEngland in the wake of John Brown's Watkins Elementary School for, whatnumber of visitors the Library re-raid. Annie would die less than a Public Service Collections Directorceives annually to the number ofyear later, and Douglass would re- Diane Kresh called, "a different kindbooks it houses, the size of the staffturn to the United States to mourn of history lesson." and the type of work they do. her passing. Background informa- Different it was, as the students' en- Ms. Kresh welcomed the students,tion for these readings was provided thusiasm for learning transformed theteachers and librarians, and intro-by Adrienne Cannon, African Ameri- duced the Library spe-can history and culture specialist in 1157"4:, cialistsand curatorsthe Manuscript Division. who would introduce Marvin Kranz introduced Francis and present the selected"Frank" French, who lived on East readings,whichfo-Capitol Street near the site of the cused on childhood ex-Library's Jefferson Building during the periences. The readingsmid-1800s. Lynn Schrichte, an accom- were accompanied byplished local actress, read excerpts from slides of historical pho-French's 1850 journal, written when he tographs selected bywas 12. French provided a "boy's-eye- Beverly Brannan, cura-view" of political events in mid-19th tor of photography incentury Washington, including the the Prints and Photo-deaths of former president Zachary Marita V. Vance graphs Division. Taylor and Sen. John C. Calhoun, and Norman Middleton of the Music Division and Norman Middleton,Henry Clay's famous speech in which Adrienne Cannon of the Manuscript Divisionconcert producer forhe outlined the Compromise of 1850. participate in the program. the Music Division,French also wrote of visiting the Patent

144 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 151 tr 0

"No. The facilities were better, and the books and materials were better, and they had a lot of resources and programs that the black school didn't have. But the teachers were no better, and they clearly did not want to teach me. They would ignore my raised hand and my questions. And I felt that they did not grade me fairly. I always had wonderful teachers in the black schools 4 who lived in my neighborhood, belonged to my church and truly cared about my education. No, my education was not better at the white school. "Of all of the anthropologists in

jf-.`"5-" - the world, why did Margaret Mead become famous?" asked another. "Because of her personality and her outspokenness, and because that was her intention," said Ms. Wolfskill. "Un- like many in her field, she did not

Marita V. Glance write just for scientific journals. Mead wrote for the general public. The first Office, the Smithsonian Institution and figure in the integration of Centralof her 23 books, Coming of Age in the Library of Congress, and of the High, to Roy Wilkins, executive direc-Samoa (1923), is still read by students." Fourth of July celebration at the Wash-tor of the NAACP, about the treatment "How long was the school year in ington Monument. of the nine black students. 1850?" Mary Wolfskill, head of the Refer- Mr. Middleton then read from a Said Mr. Kranz: "According to ence and Reader Section in the Manu- moving 1959 NAACP document, "TheFrench's journal, it was 11 months script Division and a specialist onOrdeal of Minnie Jean Brown: Onelong. August was the only month of anthropologist Margaret Mead, intro- of the First Nine Negro Students tosummer vacation." duced the audience to Mead and herAttend Central High School in Little It was past time for the children to studies of the nonliterate peoples ofRock, Arkansas." Brown was expelledreturn to school. But the "different Oceania. Mead kept diaries through-from Central High for retaliatingkind of history lesson" was not yet out her life that were included in theagainst a litany of mistreatment fromover. Ms. Kresh urged the students 500,000 items that she donated to theher classmates. to e-mail further questions to the Library upon her death in 1978. Ms. At the conclusion of this reading Mr."Building a Nation of Readers" Web Schrichte read an excerpt from Mead'sMiddleton shared his personal experi-address (www.loc.gov/loc/kidslc) first diary, which she began in 1911ences as one of nine students who inte-and to check out the "Read More at the age of 9. grated the all-white Walker JuniorAbout It!" bibliography included in Mr. Kranz then introduced youngHigh School in Bradenton, Fla., in 1965. the program packets. Billy Gobitas, who wrote a polite but The participants fielded the ques- stubborn letter to the Minersville, Pa.,tions that followed. Ms. Pyne is overseas operations school directors in 1935 explaining "Mr. Middleton, did you get a betterprogram officer in the African/Asian why he, as a Jehovah's Witness, couldeducation by attending the whiteAcquisitions and Overseas Operations not salute the United States flag. Ms.school?" a student asked. Division. Schrichte read Gobitas's letter, which ignited a lawsuit that went all the way to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled against Gobitas in 1940, but reversed itself in 1943. The final two readings centered on the "Little Rock Nine," whose integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Ark., required President Eisen- hower to send in federal troops. The first selection, introduced by Ms. Can- non and read by Mr. Middleton, was a 1957 letter from Daisy Bates, head of the Arkansas chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and a key Marita V. Glance

JUNE 1999 145 152 O z

John Y. Cole John Y Cole Nick Boke of the Vermont Center for the Book and Steven Johnson, editor of www.feedmag.com were two of the principal speakers at the symposium, "The Future of Reading in the Digital Age: A Conference of Lovers of the Printed Word." News from the Center for the Book Books and Reading in Our Future Revisited

How is the Internet changing theThe 1998 Vermont Conference the Softbook "e-book"; and Center world of books? How will the "The Future of Reading in thefor the Book Director John Y. Cole. new electronic or "e-book" affectDigital Age," a conference hosted byAfternoon workshops focused on books and reading? the Vermont Center for the Book, waseight topics: "The Future of Memory," Since its creation in 1977, the Centerheld in Fairlee, Vt., on Nov. 2, 1998."Book Publishing in the Digital Age," for the Book has been a forum forAbout 100 people attended the meet-"The Public Library in the Digital Age," discussing the "future" of books anding, which was organized by the"Paradigm Shifts and the Teaching of reading. The first extensive look was a Vermont center's Nick Boke. Reading," "The Future of the Imagi- congressionally authorized study of The keynoter was Steven Johnson,nation," "Newspapers in the Digital "the changing role of the book in theeditor of wzvw.feedmag.com, an on-Age," "The Internet, Higher Educa- future," a major Center for the Bookline magazine, and author of Inter-tion and the Digital Age" and "Read project in 1983-84. (see LC Informationface Culture: How New Technology2000: A Celebration." Bulletin, April 30, 1984.) More recently, Transforms the Way We Create and In his opening talk, Steven Johnson many of the same issues were revisitedCommunicate (HarperCollins, 1997).noted that "the book is bearing a at a conference hosted by the VermontHis presentation was followed bypretty heavy load, with lots of both Center for the Book. Several of the gen-perspectives from a panel consistingdoomsaying and boosterism. The eral conclusions, particularly regard-of Ed Morrow, co-owner of thedoomsayers are probably way off. ing the durability of the book and theNorthshire Bookstore; Sue Quinn,It's more likely that the new media importance of reading, were similar.author and chair of PEN New En-will supplement the old media, not However it also was clear that recentgland; Chris Sachs, co-developer ofkill them off. A hundred years from transformationsin now, we'll probably technology, such as be reading books in the arrival of the Inter- Vermont the same form." net, e-mail and the e- There was general book, also have made Center agreement, however, issues concerning "the that there will be new age of the book" for the "downsides" to the even more complex changes ahead. As and perplexing than one participant said, in the mid-1980s. Book "We shouldn't be 146 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 153 VV.

afraid to say that there will be losses, Senate Report 98-231. Books in Our that some of the changes are things Future,a 49-page document,is we will regret." One potential fear, divided into two parts: "The Culture about which there were differences of the Book: Today and Tomorrow," of opinion, was that "electronic and "A Manifold Program for a reading" would diminish society's BOOKS Massive Problem." ability to think deeply about issues. The report's central conclusion was: Mr. Boke noted that "styles of think- IN "Ours is a Culture of the Book. Our ing and communication will be OUR democracy is built on books and read- altered by the digital revolution, ing. This tradition is now threatened of necessity sped up and thinned by the twin menaces of illiteracy and out by the characteristics of the FUTURE aliteracy [having the ability to read but new media." no interest in doing so]. We must enlist Many participants responded favor- new technologies with cautious enthu- ably to the discussion and exhibition of siasm in a national commitment to Softbook, a recently released "e-book," keep the Culture of the Book thriving. by Softbook marketing director Chris What we do about books and reading Sachs. He emphasized that this new in the next decades will crucially affect technology was designed for specific our citizens' opportunities for enlight- uses and was not intended to replace JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE LIBRARY enment and self-improvement, their the traditional book. E-books, he said, CONGRESS OP THE UNITED STATES ability to share in the wisdom and de- were "another way of delivering the WASHINGTON 1914 lights of civilization, and their capacity written word." for intelligent self-government." Summarizingtheconference, The second publication, the 399 Mr. Boke felt that in spite of the page Books in Our Future: Perspectives perplexing issues raised, partici-The 1983-84 Library of and Proposals was edited by John Y. pants were "qualifiedly sanguineCongress "Books in Our Cole and published by the Govern- about the future of reading." NotFuture" Study ment Printing Office in 1987. It con- only will the book not disappear, Research by consultants and dis-tains individual statements from but "reading will remain a culturalcussions among the project's 21-each of 21 advisers; lengthy excerpts requisite." In fact, "electronic tech-person Advisory Committee resultedfrom the report of the project consult- nologies may actually increase ac-in two publications. The first, reflect-ants; background articles (mostly by cess to information, and perhapsing primarily the conclusions of thenAdvisory Committee members); and even extend the ranks of readersLibrarian of Congress DanielJ. excerpts from recent U.S. govern- and thinkers." Boorstin, was published in 1984 asment reports. In a recent report, Center for the Book Director Cole noted that the Books in Our Future project helped "by identifying key ideas around which our program has been shaped." These include the emphasis on the 9' co-existence of books and new technologies; the development of national campaigns to raise awareness of the "twin menaces" of illiteracy and aliteracy; and the distinctions that must be drawn between knowledge and information and between different motivations for reading. Finally, he noted that the creation of the center's partnership networks grew directly out of Part Two ("A Manifold Program for a Massive Prob- lem") of the Senate Report. Single copies of the 1984 Senate report, "Books in Our Future," are available free from the Center for the Book as long as supply lasts. Requests should be sent to the Center for the Book, Library of Congress, 101 Independence This "jukebox," which stored and retrieved 12-inch Library of Congress Ave. S.E., Washington, DC 20540-4920. digital optical disks, was state-of-the-art technology when the "BooksRequests should be in writing or via in Our Future" study was published in 1984. e-mail: [email protected].

JUNE 1999 147 154 BESTCOPYAVAILABLE THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF PUBLIC AVE. S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN ISSN 0041-7904 addresstothisIf youthe publication abovewish label to address. andbe check removed return. If here change from isthe required mailing enter list for on and return this page 4-194CIJEEric0220303SyracuseSyracuse Coordinator ClearinghouseCenter Univ for Sci on Info/Tech NY 13244-4100 Tecn 005 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 156 910 r-ficOv e-Sbat Joan LIBRARY OF CONGRESS BICENTENNIAL Stacey The LIBRARY of CONGRESS ORYX I. Information LIBRARIES CR EAT! VITA' LIBERTY Bulletin Vol. 58, No. 7 July 1999

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15 7 of the Mind in the 21st Century LI It RA BY 0I: C ON GlIESS BICENTE NS IA InformationThe LIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin citE,vilyrry Liiii:wry JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 7 July 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:"Frontiers of the Mind in the 21st Century" was the first in a series of Bicentennial symposia. Cover Story: Fifty scholars representing 24 fields discussed the most important accomplishments in the current century while making predictions for the next in a recent Library symposium. 162 ALA Address:Dr. Billington spoke at the Annual Conference of the American Library Association in New Orleans. 151 Designs for Living:"The Work of Charles and Ray Eames: 152 A Legacy of Invention" opened at the Library May 19. 152 Resources for Teachers:A gift from Microsoft funded a renovation of the National Digital Library Learning Center, the Library's educational exploration complex. 153 Pictures Worth 1,000 Words:Winners have been chosen in the "Beyond Words: Celebrating America's Libraries" photo contest. 154 The Local Connection:A "Bicentennial Background" article examines the Library's relationship with the individual states. 156 Was a Miner, 49er:Author J.S. Holliday discussed his latest book on the California gold rush at the Library in June. 159 Greatest Hits of the 1870s:The National Digital Library's digitized sheet music collection has added an audio component. 160 155 Jefferson's Declaration:A Library expert sheds new light on how the author of the nation's founding document composed its text. 168 Citizen Jefferson:The Library has published a collection of essays on Jefferson's views on education and citizenship. 172 Books from the Library:A new catalog of titles from the Library is now available. 173 Photographic Treasures:Social documentary photographer Milton Rogovin has donated his works to the Library; also, Jazz Age photos by William Gottlieb are now on-line. 174 Digital Learning:The Copyright Office has issued a report on 158distance education. 176 News from the Center for the Book 178

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov /today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the /;; Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, ' 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 174 JOHN H. SAYERS, Production and Design

153 `A Special Relationship' Dr. Billington Addresses ALA Conference

Dr. Billington addressed attendees at the American Library Association Annual Conference in New Orleans during the Opening General Session, June 26. His comments followed those of ALA President Ann Symons and preceded those of former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell. Following are Dr. Billington's remarks: In recent years, the Library of Congress has enjoyed a special relationship with the American Library As- sociation [ALA] and its presidents Betty Turock, Mary Sommerville, Barbara Ford and Ann Symons. We look forward to continuing our collaboration for America's libraries with incoming president Sarah Long and president-elect Nancy Kranich. April 24, 2000, is the 200th birthday of the Library of Congress, which we want to make a celebration of theDr. Billington with ALA keynote speaker, Colin Powell, and role of librarians and libraries all over America. Open ac- ALA President Ann Symons. cess to knowledge is one of the pillars of American democracy. Our free library system is one of the splendors and creativity that come to you freely from libraries great and small. of our century. Librarians are both the dreamkeepers and Please encourage your patrons to use this free on-line resource in the sentinels of freedom in our communities. your own library. The Library of Congress's most important birthday We want you to bring your library to our birthday party next year. gift to all our library partners will be the electronic de- First, help your community record and celebrate a Local Legacy livery to local communities of our American Memory [www.loc.gov/bicentennial]. We have nearly 600 Local Legacy National Digital Library Program collections. Univer-projects already under way documenting cultural traditions in con- sally available at no cost, these digitized collections in-gressional districts all over America from Cajun and Creole music clude the best of multimedia Americana from the last to folk art and fine art. We want more projects and we invite your two centuries. They tell the story of America through: patrons to submit photographs or other documentation that capture the original papers of presidents Washington, Jefferson,a tradition or event unique to your community. and Lincoln; the original draft of the Declaration of Help us create a Local Legacy Time Capsule in your area that will Independence and the Gettysburg Address; landmarkenrich both your own and the national collection. Please contact our photographs from the earliest Lincoln portrait, to Bicentennial Office [(800) 707-7145] for more ideas. You can also help Mathew Brady's famed Civil War images, to breath-the U.S. Mint sell the first gold and platinum coin ever issued. taking landscapes and cityscapes; and panoramic maps Thanks to your efforts, and others', Congress passed legislation for of cities and towns like New Orleans 150 years ago.the nation's first ever bimetallic coin, which will commemorate the Early baseball cards with heroes from the field of Library of Congress's 200th anniversary and raise funds to continue dreams: Cy Young, Connie Mack and Jackie Robinson. our efforts to make even more free educational materials electroni- America's explosion of creativity in poetry, dance and cally available to libraries and schools. music. Edison-era sound recordings and films showing On April 25, 2000, libraries across the country will offer second- entertainment a century ago. day cancellations of a special Library of Congress commemorative Sharing these hitherto largely inaccessible primarystamp. We have a team that will help your library serve as an issue sources has been a truly collaborative effort. A generoussite and a local center for our weeklong celebration of all America's grant from Ameritech enabled us to add to the Ameri- libraries. can Memory collections [www.loc.gov] choice trea- ALA and the Library of Congress have already co-sponsored a na- sures from 33 partners big and small throughout thetional photography contest, whose winners are being featured at land. We will deliver to you on-line by 2000 a National this conference. We encourage you to display these photographs in Digital Library substantially larger even than theyour library as a Bicentennial event. Some of these ideas and more Library's original goal of 5 million items. Today, we cel- are contained in the Toolkit we have produced for you. ALA's tip ebrate our newest partners, the six 1998-1999 winnerssheet also contains information about opportunities for participa- of the Library of Congress/Ameritech National Digitaltion. [To receive these materials call the Bicentennial Program Library Competition [memory.loc.goviammem/award/Office.] We are proud of our partnership with America's libraries index.html] who will receive assistance to add theirand the role you play as the keepers and navigators of knowledge. digital on-line collections to the Library of Congress's As James Madison wrote in 1822, "Knowledge will forever own digitized materials and those of earlier winners. govern ignorance: and a people who mean to be their own gover- Our Web site already receives 4 million hits a day. Wenors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives." hope your libraries will make wider use of these rich Thank you for joining us in this Bicentennial celebration of and diverse original documents of American historylibraries.

JULY 1999 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 151 1 59 0

Llu O Gail Rneberg Glen Krankowski Eames exhibition designers Hsin-Ming Fung and Craig Hodgetts admire a tumbler designed to test the durability of the signature Eames molded plywood chairs. Lucia Eames, daughter of designer Charles Eames, reclines in one of the chairs her father and stepmother, Ray Eames, designed and created. A World of Design Exhibition on Work of Charles and Ray Eames Opens

BY GAIL FINEBERG The exhibition includes prototypesjects exhibition designs for the ntering the Jefferson Building'sof furnishings the Eameses designedAmerican Revolution Bicentennial in second-floor Northwest Gallery,during the1940sand '50s as well as 1976and an IBM exhibition explaining one can imagine stepping into thedrawings, photos, films, miniaturethe computer for the1964New York Eames Office,901Washington Blvd.,models and other materials. DonaldWorld's Fair. Venice, Calif., some 50 years ago. One Albrecht, the exhibition's director and can practically sniff the woodsy scenteditor of the show's companion cata-Exhibition Design of fresh plywood or the acrid odor oflog, said the purpose of this traveling The challenge to exhibition design- torched metal, hot plastic or fiberglass.exhibition, with seven venues in Eu-ers Hsin-Ming Fung and Craig And that is just what more thanrope and the United States, is to showHodgetts of the California firm 700guests did to mark the openingnot only the Eameses' creativity butHodgetts+Fung Design Associates, of the "Work of Charles and Rayalso their importance as entrepreneurs.was to create an exhibition showcase Eames" exhibition on the evening of "They believed the purpose of de-that not only could travel from city to May19.They stepped from thesign was to improve the quality of ev-city but one that told the story of the splendor of the Great Hall into aeryday lives... by making a comfort- Eameses and their impact on 20th cen- modern museum exhibition devotedablechair, by creating beautifultury America. "The thing we were try- tothe husband-and-wife designbuildings and houses, by helpinging to do was to capture the spirit of team of Charles and Ray Eames. people understand the world aroundthe Eameses. They worked in all me- Assembling the show inside thethem and their culture," he said. dia. Whether they were creating furni- Jefferson Building "was like installing This exhibition was produced as ature or a film, everything weaves to- this exhibition inside a Faberge egg," collaborative effort of the Library andgether," Ms. Fung said. commented Charles Eames's daugh-the Vitra Design Museum in Weil am Eames Demetrios, the Eameses' ter, Lucia. Rhein, Germany, where the show hadgrandson and now head of the Eames After World War II, the Eameses de- its premiere before traveling to Kol-Office, reconstructed slide, film and signed houses, furnishings and toysding, Denmark, London, and on tovideo productions for the Library ex- that could be inexpensively mass-Washington, D.C. The Vitra Designhibition. Several of their educational produced, that were affordable andMuseum contributed the original fur-films have taught science and math- durable yet beautiful, and that metniture prototypes and other productsematical concepts to generations 20th century demands for informal,the Eameses invented. The Eames fam-of American schoolchildren and flexible living. Later, pairing with gov- ily added several items dealing withexhibition visitors. For example, the ernment and corporate clients, theythe Eameses' personal lives, and theEameses created images with photo- focused on communications systemsLibrary contributed more than 500graphs and paintings to show the ex- exhibitions, books and films thatitems from its Eames archives. Onponential progression in the film embodied the nation's postindustrialview only at the Library are Library"Powers of Ten," which runs at the shift to an information-based economy. holdings relating to two Eames pro-back of the pavilion near an exhibit of

152 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 160 Library Opens Learning Center National Digital Library Learning Center to Serve as Training Facility for Educators

The National Digital Library collections are used by educators Learning Center, a facility that and students to put them in touch will be used to train teachers in with primary sources that in- the classroom use of the Library of crease critical thinking skills. The Congress's American Memory new National Digital Library historical collections, opened on Learning Center will serve as the June 21 in the Madison Building. Library of Congress's facility for American Memory, a project of instructing teachers on how to the Library's National Digital Li- A present these materials to stu- brary (NDL) Program, makes dents in the classroom. The center available to students, teachers is also used to show to the public and lifelong learners more than 2 the Library's use of technology. million items of intellectual con- With more than 50 collections tent at www.loc.gov. available, American Memory is A gift of $388,000 from Micro- one of the most visited sites on soft funded the center's renovationDr. Billington. "Microsoft's gift givesthe Internet by students, teachers and software upgrade. The center nowthe Library a much-needed facility toand lifelong learners who are seeking has a 16-seat classroom with a large-train educators on the use of primaryintellectualcontentrelatingto screen projection system that will besources in the classroom." American history. The more than 2 used to bring educators from across "Teachers and libraries are wonder-million items in all formats cur- the country to the Library for training.ful sources of information and inspira-rently available cover topics ranging The center's 45-seat theater has a newtion," said Bob Herbold, Microsoft'sfrom the Civil War and the papers of large-screen monitor for demonstra-chief operating officer and executiveU.S. presidents to baseball cards and tions; a video teleconferencing area hasvice president. "Microsoft is pleased todance manuals to documents relat- also been added. A hands-on area al-help make the Library's extraordinarying to the women's suffrage and civil lows visitors to use the Americancollections more accessible to educa-rights movements. Memory materials during their tourstors and their students." Founded in 1975, Microsoft is the of the center. The Library of Congress Nationalworldwide leader in software for per- "The Library is grateful to MicrosoftDigital Library Program has been asonalcomputers.The company for supporting our efforts to make ourleader in providing educational con-(www.microsoft.com) offers a wide on-line collections as useful to stu-tent on the Internet through its Ameri-range of products and services for dents and educators as possible," saidcan Memory historical collections. Thebusiness and personal use. images used to make the film. nished during the 1950s and Demonstrating ascending powers of'60s may well have written 10, one sequence opens with a close-up essays on plywood desktops shot of a couple on a picnic blanket,designed by the Eameses, or followed by frames portraying eversquirmed in molded aqua blue greater distances from the subject or coral fiberglass seats of their from far above the subject, above Chi- creation. An office executive cago, above Lake Michigan, above thewho has leaned back in a Earth, beyond the galaxy and out intomolded plywood chair pad- space. To demonstrate descendingded with black leather may powers of 10, image sequences beginwell have relaxed in a form Glen Krankowski with a close-up of a man's hand andcreated by the Eameses. Eames Demetrios, grandson of Charles progress to ever smaller particles C. Ford Peatross, curator ofEames, demonstrates one of the films he within cells and molecules. the Library's architecture, de-created for the exhibition. Though their products have ap-sign and engineering collec- peared in upscale showrooms, muse-tions in the Prints and Photographscreations. "They harnessed the child in ums, and galleries throughout theDivision, noted that the Eames Officeus; they knew how to keep the child in world, anyone who has waited for awas "incredibly successful in makingus alive." plane at Dulles International Airportsolutions to problems." He said the has sat on an Eames chair. Those whoEameses found joy in everyday ob-Ms. Fineberg is editor of the Library's attended school in classrooms fur-jects, which they celebrated in visualstaff newspaper, The Gazette.

JULY 1999 153 BEST COPYAVAILABLE t /GI z 1=1.as

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Derek Vincent Kirsten Baker `Beyond Words' Photo Contest Celebrates Libraries

Tirsten Baker, an 18-year-old from Liverpool, N.Y., is the grand 1\ prize winner in the "Beyond Words: Celebrating America's Librar- ies" national photo contest sponsored by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association (ALA) and underwritten by Ingram Library Services. The contest is a Bicentennial project of the Library of Congress, which is celebrating its 200th anniversary on April 24, 2000. Ms. Baker's black-and-white photograph, "Inquiring Minds," features three young children using a computer at the Liverpool Public Library. Her photograph won based on its composition, its technical quality and its portrayal of both print and electronic library resources. Ms. Baker will receive $1,500 and a visit to Washington, which will include a special tour of the Library of Congress during its Bicentennial celebration in April 2000. The Librarian of Congress's Prize ($500) was awarded to Robert Riddle of Lawrenceburg, Ky., for his photograph "Enlightenment," a quiet composition of a single reader in the Kentucky State Capitol with its grand main staircase in the background. The photo was submitted by the Lexington Public Library. The ALA President's Prize ($500), chosen by ALA President Ann K. Symons, was for a black-and- white photo, "Reaching for Knowledge," by Susan Matsubara of Lexington, Ky. The photo is a close-up of a young woman reaching for a book from Robert Riddle a shelf in the Beaumont (Ky.) Center Library. It also was submitted by Going "Beyond Words" (clockwise from the Lexington Public Library. above): "Enlightenment," winner of the Librar- One first-place prize was awarded in the professional category to ian of Congress Prize; "Inquiring Minds," Derek Vincent of Anchorage, Alaska, for his close-up photo of a man which took the grand prize; the untitled firstin a farmhouse reading by the glow of an antique lamp. The photo- place winner in the Professional category; graph was submitted by the Loussac Library in Anchorage. "Following in His Father's Footsteps," which In the amateur adult category, the following awards were given: won in the Amateur category; "Eyes on the First place: Shirley Gray, Union, N.J., for "Following in His Father's Print" won first prize in the Youth category; Footsteps," a warm photograph of a father and son reading together and the winner of the ALA President's Prize,in the Union Public Library, which submitted the photo. "Reaching for Knowledge" Second place: John Sagan, Pound Ridge, N.Y., for "Waiting," a

154 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN ; 4-5 -1 162 IPS

Tracy Conti Shirley Gray color photograph of an airline passenger reading a library book while waiting for his plane. It was submitted by the Hiram Halle Memorial Library in Pound Ridge. Third place: Robert Britt, Evansville, Ind., for "Lovlie Loves to Read," a cheery color photo of a young girl checking out books with the help of her librarian. The photo was submitted by the Evansville Vanderburgh Pub- lic Library. Honorable mentions: Ron Dial, "Legacy of Literacy," Benicia (Calif.) Public Library; Elisha Chilson, Walla Walla College Library, College Place, Wash.; Marlene Hodge, "Zachary," Timberland Regional Library, Centralia, Wash.; Adrienne Posey, "If I Could Fly," Reinert/Alumni Memo- rial Library, Creighton University, Omaha, Neb.; and Kathleen Sachs, "The Best Spot in the Library," Richmond Heights (Mo.) Library. In the youth category (ages 6-17), the following awards were given: First place: Tracy Conti of Miami, for "Eyes on the Print," a black-and- white photograph of a group of boys actively researching topics on Afri- can American history using a computer in a school library. The photo was submitted by the Coral Reef High School Library in Miami. Second place: Annie Kindland of Orange Park, Fla., for "Follow the Sun with Learning," a serene color photo of a reader sitting on the beach at sun- rise. It was submitted by the Clay County (Fla.) Library System. Third place: Veronica Marzonie of Flushing, Mich., for "Exploring," a close-up color photo of a student intently reading at the Flint (Mich.)

Public Library, which submitted the photo. Susan Matsubara Honorable mentions: Karen Cunnington, "My Daughter Loves the Library," Everett (Wash.) Public Library; Jannis Jocius, "Imagination,"launched in January at libraries across the Sunnyvale (Calif.) Public Library; Aya Kiyohara, "On a Rainy Day," St.country. Local winners were announced Andrew's Priory, Honolulu; Angela Madonia, "Where Do I Begin," Jeruisduring National Library Week in April. Library, Rome, N.Y.; and Cena Maxfield, "ZZZZ," Park City (Utah) Library. More than 200 photographs representing the First-prize winners in each category received $1,000. Second-place win-first-place winners in local contests were ners were given $500, third-place winners received $250, and those receiv- submitted to ALA for national judging. ing honorable mention were awarded $150. The winning photographs were on dis- Judges were Ms. Symons; John Y. Cole, director of the Center for theplay at the ALA's annual conference in New Book in the Library of Congress; Rebecca James, vice president of busi-Orleans, June 24-30, and will be posted on ness development for Ingram Library Services; George Eberhart, asso-the ALA Web site (www.ala.org/celebrat- ciate editor of American Libraries magazine; and Rich Cahan, photoing/photo) and the Library of Congress's editor for the Chicago Sun-Times. Bicentennial Web site (www.loc.gov/bicen- The "Beyond Words: Celebrating America's Libraries" photo contest wastennial) later this summer.

JULY 1999 155 163 . .1, z

* Bicentennial Background The Library, the States and 'Local Heritage'

BY JOHN Y. COLE e Local Legacies project is the centerpiece of the Library's Bicenten- L nial commemoration. A forward-look- 0 I t ing endeavor, it also has historical '40 roots in the Library's collections and 0 theinstitution'srelationshipsto Congress and the individual states. Throughout the 19th century, Con- gress gradually authorized extensions of the Library's services to the nation to federal agencies, the general public, the copyright community, libraries and research institutions, and others. However, the Library did not begin cultivating its relationship with individual states until the 1860s, when Librarian of Congress Ainsworth Rand Spofford (1864-1897) began collecting state legislative documents and newspapers for the Library's collections. The centralization of U.S. copyright activities at the Library in 1870 enormously increased the Library's hold-From the collections of the American Folklife Center: Lithuanian ings about state and local history. Inpatterns are woven by Kazys Bartasius on a homemade loom in 1876, on the eve of the centennial of the his basement in Chicago; parishioners of the Nueva Esperanza Declaration of Independence, a con-Church in Lowell, Mass., stage their annual enactment of the gressional resolution provided for de-Passion of Christ on Good Friday; near Chatsworth, N.J., farmers livery of historical sketches of U.S."hog" cranberries. Knocked from submerged vines by mechani- counties and towns to the Library (andcal beaters, the buoyant fruit is moved by migrant workers toward to county clerk's offices). a conveyor belt that raises it onto a waiting truck. In this century, cooperative projects between the Library and state andto educate mem- .community agencies have contributedbers of Congress much to the Library's collections. Theabout how the field recording projects carried out inLibrary of Con- the South in the 1930s by the Library'sgress serves their Archive of American Folk Song are astate and its citi- prime example. In 1935 the Libraryzens. Also since opened a separate reading room formid-century, the American local history and genealogy.Library and state Librarianof Congress Archibaldlibrary agencies MacLeish (1939-1944) made docu-have developed menting the American past a promi-cooperative nent part of the institution's mission.working rela- One of the first results was thetionships. Library's important role in gathering, organizing and preserving materialsLocal generated by the national and stateLegacies Local Legacies is an ambitious New Deal Arts projects of the 1930s. Under the current administration ofproject that attempts to celebrate and Particularly since the administrationLibrarianof Congress James H.share with the nation the grassroots of Librarian of Congress Luther H.Billington, the Bicentennial's Localcreativity of every part of America. The Evans (1945-1953), the Library hasLegacies project introduces somethingLibrary has asked each member of paid close attention to the states asnew: the gathering of documentaryCongress to lead an effort to find or natural and important constituencies,materials from every state for thecreate documentation for at least one often making considerable effortsLibrary's collections. significant cultural event or tradition

156 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 164 that has been important to his or herterritory. For each, the district or state. Selections from these Library produced an documentation projects will be sentillustrated catalog. The to the Library of Congress for addi-26 catalogs vary in fortion to the collections of the Ameri-mat and often include can Folk life Center. Many selectionsspeeches presented at from the Local Legacies project will the exhibition's opening be digitized and shared electroni-by members of Con- cally through the American Memorygress, historians or, in Web site (www.loc.gov) of the Na- one instance, a Supreme tional Digital Library Program. Court Justice (William The response has been outstand-0. Douglas of Washing- ing: Nearly 600 Local Legacies projects ton state). Several also covering every state in the unioninclude portfolios of have been registered. All Local Lega- historical photographs cies participants and their congres-from the Library's col- sional sponsors will be invited to thelections that were the Library for a celebratory event inbasis for traveling exhi- May 2000 that will recognize thesebitions in the state. grassroots "Gifts to the Nation." Evans,saw the exhibitions and their cata- Other Projects logs as an opportunity Many state and local libraries willto share the Library's be sites of second-day issue ceremo-American holdings with nies for the Library's commemora-the nation. The cata- tive stamp, which will be issued bylogs became unique and the U.S. Postal Service on April 24,permanent guides to a 2000, the Library's 200th birthdaystate's history, combin- (www.loc.gov/bicentennial). Work-ingshorthistoricalThe handsome Florida and California exhibi- ing with the Architect of the Capitol,explanations with re- tion catalogs, published by the Library in 1945 the Library is making plans to add theproductions of originaland 1949, respectively state seals of Alaska and Hawaii (thesource material. Evans only states not represented) to thehoped the state exhibi- interior windows surrounding thetions project would help Jefferson Building's Main ReadingAmericans "come to Room. Finally, state and local historyknow what is ours, and collections are being digitized andwhat we may become." made available on American Memory. Examples include first-person narra-The Center for the tives of California's early years, north- Book's State ern California folk music from the Program and 1930s, and books and local historyProjects materials from Michigan, Minnesota Today there are 36 and Wisconsin, ca. 1820-1910. affiliated state centers, each working with the The State Exhibitions and Their Center for the Book in Catalogs, 1945-1972 the Library of Congress In 1945 Librarian Evans launchedto promote that state's an ambitious series of exhibitionsliterary heritage and its commemorating anniversaries in thelibraries. Principal state histories of various states. Twenty-projects include book six states were honored, from thefairs, book and author 1945 exhibition celebrating the cen-awards, summer read- tennial of Florida's admission to theing programs and data- _ Union to the exhibition in 1972 thatbases with information marked thesesquicentennialofabout a state's authors Missouri's statehood. Each exhibi-and forthcoming book tion drew primarily on the Library'sand author events. collections and was aselective In 1992 the Center for snapshot and subject guide to thethe Book received a major grant from the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund for Library's book, manuscript anda "Literary Heritage of the States" project that included a traveling exhibition, pictorial materials about the state orpublic programming about literary heritage in 20 states and the creation to date

JULY 1999 157

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of 11 state or local literary maps. These maps have been added the Library of Congress's collections and are included in the new book Language of the Land: The Library of Congress Book of Literary Maps. The volume was supported in part by the Lila Wallace- Reader's Digest grant. "Uncle Sam in the Oregon Country," a 30- panel traveling exhibition featuring Library of Congress holdings regarding Oregon's history and culture, was developed in 1989-1990. One of the Center for the Book's first state projects, it is about to become available on the Library's Web site. Most of the materials are being digitized for a new Library of Congress project that highlights the "meeting" of the U.S. and Russian frontiers in the 19th century.

The Montana Heritage Project Launched in 1995 by the Library's American Folklife Center with funding from the Liz ClaiborneandArt Ortenberg Foundation, the Montana Heritage project stimulates Mon- tana high school students to learn about their communities and cultural heritage. School- based documentation projects include the use of primary sources in field work and oral history interviews, and student research projects that are shared with the community. Thus far, 10 Montana communities (Bigfork, Chester, Co- lumbus, Corvallis, Fort Benton, Libby, State exhibtion catalogs for Michi- Roundup, St. Ignatius, Simms and gan (1955), Minnesota (1949), Townsend) have participated. Oregon (1948), Wisconsin (1948) 076ey/a/ft and Missouri (1972) highlighted the Mr. Cole is director of the Center for the Library's book, manuscript and Book. pictorial holdings about each state.

158 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 166 *AO The Gold Rush California Historian Captivates Library Audience

BY JOHN Y. COLE story from 1849 through the Speaking without notes, his- "free-for-all" decades of the torian J.S. "Jim" Holliday 1860s and '70s to the climactic celebrated his 75th birthday year of 1884, when the U.S. Dis- with an impassioned "Books & trict Court in San Francisco Beyond" talk at the Library on shut down hydraulic mining June 10 about his favorite topic: operations in the tributaries of how the 1849 gold rush shaped the Yuba River. A key theme is the state of California. how "the dream of California" Mr. Holliday's animated and and its (often fulfilled) expecta- entertaining presentation, spon- tions of sudden wealth "be- sored by the Center for the came the American dream." Book, marked the publication of This story of California's 19th his second book, Rush for Riches century emergence and its ef- and the Making of California fect on the nation is illustrated (Oakland Museum and the through daguerreotypes, pho- University of California Press, tographs, paintings, broadsides 1999). and maps, 100 of which are in Mr. Holliday has devoted full color. Rush for Riches is a more than 50 years to study- companion volume to the exhi- ing, writing about and lectur- bition "Gold Fever!" developed ing on the California gold rush by the Oakland Museum as and its consequences. He part of the celebration of the is director emeritus of the sesquicentennial of the Califor- California Historical Society, nia gold rush. former director of the Oakland Mr. Holliday's talk at the Museum of California and wasAuthor J.S. Holliday and his most recentLibrary took place 50 years one of several historians fea-work, Rush for Riches after the Library of Congress, tured in Ken Burns's television through its own exhibition, documentaryseries"The celebrated the centennial of the West." gold rush and the adoption of Mr. Holliday has shared his California's first constitution scholarly immersion in the in 1849. That exhibition and gold rush and his mastery the opening night lecture on of its source materials, espe- Nov. 12, 1949, by historian cially personal diaries, maps, Carl Wheat were part of the manuscripts and photographs, Library's state exhibitions pro- through two books: Rush for gram inaugurated by Librarian Riches and The World Rushed In: of Congress Luther H. Evans The California Gold Rush Experi- (see p. 157). ence: An.Eyewitness Account of a The exhibition featured items Nation Headed West. Published from the Library's collections, by Simon and Schuster in supplemented by documents 1981, The World Rushed In be- from the National Archives came a classic and is still in and the National Gallery of Art, print. Thanks largely to Mr. and many photographs from Holliday's forceful and clear schools and other institutions narrative style, it appears that in California. The 97-page exhi- Rush for Riches is on its way bition catalog and Wheat's talk, to the same status. His books "The First 100 Years of Yankee and his presentations, as the California," were published audience learned, emphasize separately by the Library. storytelling and drama. In Rush for Riches, the author Mr. Cole is director of the Center vividly follows the gold rush for the Book.

JULY 1999 159 17 0.

WORDS & teuemUY

BOSTON. 73:31:33NZ 3y OLIVER 0110058 C0.45.1WesNr.C33 71. D A.POND$ 1'11.: 547 Bromiwny & 3 I redo:, Squore. Among the sheet music selections on the L'brary's Web site are "Little Old Cabin in the Lane" by Will. S. Hays and "He Always Came Home to Tea" by W.M. Lutz-Angelo. `Music for the Nation' Musical Americana from the 1870s Available On-Line

BY SUSAN MANUS Audio Feature graphic record, which can, in turn, pro- Users were saying "bravo" about The newest feature of the site con-vide access to the music itself, enabling the Library's digitized sheet mu-sists of audio samples of selected a listener to follow along with the sheet sic collection even as the Music Divi-items, found under the heading "Inmusic images. Listeners can hear the sion and the National Digital LibraryPerformance Choral Works frompieces using any of three audio for- recently added a new audio feature. the Collection." For this, 12 piecesmats. "The 'Music for the Nation' site fromwere selected that best represent the the Library of Congress marks a newfour-part choral writing of the 1870s.The Project and wondrous era in making researchSome of these, such as "Grandfather's The massive project to digitize most materials available for studying Ameri-Clock," by Henry C. Work, and, "Oh,of the 19th century collection of sheet can music. That I can sit in my livingDem Golden Slippers," by James A.music was undertaken by the Music room and survey on-line a large amountBland, are noted by music scholars asDivision in conjunction with the Na- of the sacred and secular music pub-the 'greatest hits' of the era. tional Digital Library (NDL) Program. lished during the 1870s in this country is A chorus of Library of Congress This initial release consists of ap- simply miraculous," said frequent userstaffers came together as the "Musicproximately 22,000 selections of sheet Lee Orr, chair and professor of musicfor the Nation Singers" to record thesemusic from the 1870s and includes not history at Georgia State University. items exclusively for the on-line pre-only popular songs, but also piano, The "Music for the Nation sentation. The director for the record-choral and instrumental music. These American Sheet Music, 1870-1885" siteing, Library Music Specialist Robertitems originally came to the Library as became available in October at theSaladini, had "envisioned a group ofpart of the requirement that copyright Library's American Memory Web site,singers standing around a piano in theapplications be accompanied by two www.loc.gov. The site has been aug-1870s and just having fun singingcopies of an item. Subsequently, the mented to include audio samples andpopular music of the period....I regular deposits of musical composi- expanded historical narratives. Thewanted a somewhat unrehearsed, intions grew to become a substantial por- 1870-1885 portion is the first of severalformal sound for the audio clips." tion of the Library's musical holdings. installments of sheet music from the Each audio selection is linked di-The large number of deposits can now 1800s planned for digitization. rectly to the corresponding biblio-serve as a study of American musical

160 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 163 """---'4NIMMILA

N. Alicia Byers Library staffers gathered in the Coolidge Auditorium to record selections for the sheet music Web site. Library Music Spe- cialist Robert Saladini conducted. N. Alicia Byers trends for any given era and represent died in 1864, and the music of Tin Pan a comprehensive view of the range ofAlley would not emerge until the music that was published in America. 1890s. Popular subjects for 1870s songs included presidential elections, the The Site centennial of American independence, The first of the Library's digitizedcelebrities, technological advances and collections to consist entirely of sheet temperance, as well as the timeless music, "Music for the Nation" pro-subjects of home, mother, love and vides a close look at musical Ameri-death. For example, a search using the cana in the post-Civil War period. Theword "mother" resulted in 244 "hits," site currently features complete pagerevealing the popularity of that subject images for each selection of sheet mu- in the 1870s. sic, as well as extensive historical back- John Philip Sousa started publish- ground material on music in the 1870s,ing songs during this decade, al- written by Library Music Specialistthough the more famous works that Wayne Shirley. Mr. Shirley, a scholarwould earn him the title "The March who specializes in American music,King" were written starting in the provided a cultural context for thelate 1880s. music in the narrative "A Decade of James Bland, the first prominent African American songwriter, known "H.M.S. Pinafore" by Arthur Sulli- American Music," which can be ac-for his "Carry Me Back to Old van, arr. for piano four hands; "Men cessed from the home page. The sub-Virginny," was also an active com-of '76" by Harrison Millard jects discussed in these essays includeposer in this decade. Other notable popular themes for songs, ethnicand widely published song composers songs, religious and devotional music,of this era were C.A. White, H.P. and instrumental music. Mr. ShirleyDanks, Thomas Westendorf, George also categorized hundreds of the col-Persley and David Braham. lection titles by subject, which are ac- Solo piano music, mostly in the form cessible by links in the narrative. The of marches and dances, represents one complete list of works can also beof the largest categories in this collec- searched by subject, title or composer, THE NEN OF TO tion. Mr. Shirley observed that around givItypnnial flur0 with audio performances included forthis time, "there was a great increase in selected items. the publishing of 'easy' piano litera- :0;111!*6466" ture for amateur and student players History and also lots of piano four-hand ar- In the 1870s sheet music was a popu- rangements." lar commodity. Before the era of radio While the majority of the music and recorded sound, owning the sheetpublished in 1870s America was by music itself was often the only way for American composers, much European people to become familiar with theirmusic was also published in the favorite pieces. United States as well. Most of this mu- Musically, the 1870s represented asic is operatic in origin, and French and time of transition. Stephen Foster had continued on 167

JULY 1999 161 .169 IIII:ENTENNIAL CORNER `Frontiers of the Mind' LIBRARY )1' 1:1 /SC II ESS 180021100 Symposium Looks to the Future

Following is Part 1 of two articles that will the Jefferson Building's Coolidge cover events from the Library's first Bicen- Auditorium or listen to a "cyber- tennial symposium. Part 1 reports on the cast" on the Library's Web site at first day of the conference, June 15; part 2 www.connectlive.com/events/ will report next month on the June 16 and libraryofcongress (the proceedings June 17 proceedings. The symposium was are available on-line through the end made possible through the generosity of the of 1999 and the final texts will be American Academy of Achievement and available in print and on-line at a the Heinz Foundation. later date). According to Dr. Billington, the BY GUY LAMOLINARA symposium, was "an echo, in a slightly The turn of a century inevitablydifferent form, of a conference that conjures thoughts of the past andCongress had asked the Library of the future. Congress to organize as an assessment The turn of the 20th century was noof where knowledge had been in the exception. In 1904, in St. Louis, the19th century and what the frontiers of Congress of Arts and Letters, as part ofknowledge might be in the 20th. the Universal Exposition, held a con- "It is thus appropriate that this ference on the achievements of thesymposium opens our series of events 19th century and what might be incelebrating the Library as the oldest store for the next. federal cultural institution," whose This meeting of the minds was the 200th birthday is April 24,2000. inspiration for a June 15-17 sympo- Daniel J. Boorstin, Librarian ofBookplate from the proceedings sium at the Library, "Frontiers of the of the turn-of-the-century confer- Congress Emeritus, next spoke about ence that inspired "Frontiers." Mind in the 21st Century," in which"the inspired theme of this conference: some 50 scholars representing 24 fields the convergence of the past and theall areas of knowledge could possi- of knowledge discussed the most im-future, which is the theme of any greatbly be explored in three days, but he portant accomplishments in the cur-library and which reveals a magichoped that "we will concentrate on rent century while making some pre- ambivalence in the monuments of thethose we have included." He noted dictions for the 21st. past and the beacons of the future." that the sessions of the symposium This first symposium, part of a Prosser Gifford, the Library's di-were organized so that "disciplines series of symposia and other eventsrector of scholarly programs, ex-that have something to say to each celebratingthebicentennialofplained how the conference wouldother" could do so. the Library of Congress, was openproceed and admitted that many Rep. Vernon J. Ehlers (R-Mich.), to anyone with sufficient intellec-people would have favorite topicswho serves on the joint committee on tual curiosity either to walk tothat were not included because notthe Library of Congress and has been a strong supporter of the institution's electronic initiatives, remarked on the "danger" in making predictions. "As [the physicist] Neils Bohr said, 'It is very difficult to make predictions, especially about the future,'" for they are often wrong. Yet, "the entire world will benefit from the ideas presented here." Dr. Billington then introduced the chair of the June 15 morning session, Bruce Alberts, president of the National Academy of Sciences. Mr.

From the 1904 Congress of Arts and Letters, Edward Bourne of Yale University, Charles Colby of McGill University, Rep. James Perkins and John Bury of Cam- bridge University.

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Alberts remarked on the "impossible" nature of the task: trying to summarize in 15 minutes the time the principal presenters were given to make their points all of the most important achievements of many disciplines in the past century while looking to possible achievements in the future. He was willing to predict, however, that "the discoveries, as remarkable as they have been in this century, will be even more so in the next." Given the task of summa- rizing developments in cosmology was Martin J. Rees of Cambridge University in En- gland and Astronomer RoyalA group of the "many famous lecturers" at the International Congress of Arts of Great Britain. Mr. Rees dis-and Sciences in 1904. cussed astronomy as an evolutionary science, akin to the theories of Darwin, but he +am spoke primarily about the discovery of "black holes" and the origins of the universe itself as being among the century's most important scientific advances. "There are three great frontiers in science," he said. "The very big, the very small and the very complex. Cosmology involves them all.... Its aim is to understand how a simple fireball evolved over 10 to 15 billion years into the complex cosmic habitat we find around us. How on at least one planet around one star creatures evolved able to wonder about it all." Pat Fisher MarcAmong the speakers at the "Frontiers of the Mind" symposium were (front Davisrow), Pierre Manent, Michael Fishbane, Mary Douglas, David Baltimore, fromtheKwabena Nketia, Judith Brown, Martin Rees, Mohammed Arkoun, Michael Univer-Monastyrsky, Laura Nader and Daniel Bell; (back row) Vyacheslav lvanov, sity ofMichael Woodford, Bruce Alberts, Jerome Friedman, Eric Lander, Marc Davis, Califor-Jonathan Spence, Prosser Gifford, Bert Bolin, Steven Pinker, Nils Hasselmo, nia at Ber-Gerald Edelman, Leon Lederman, Neil Smelser, Shlomo Aviner, Wallace keley explained,Broecker and Charles Rosen. as commentator,theory and observation in astro- Isaac Newton's 1687 Principia Marc Davis the technical waysnomy, or theory and experiment inMathematica, whose "impact rivals any in which we had gained the startlingmany other sciences. single body of work in the history of insights into the nature of very dis- Physicist Leon M. Lederman of themankind. From it flowed a succession tant, and hence very early, light in Illinois Institute of Technology focusedof profound changesin human the universe. His remarks demon- on the "very small." He described "sixthought and capabilities. ... His deep- strated, as became apparent againmajor revolutions" of physics goingest impact was the recognition of how and again in the conference, the co-back not just to the beginning of theorderly the world was and that this or- operativecompetitionbetweencurrent century but to the late 17th: der could be understood and used."

JULY 1999 163 171 Nf**, Electro- Phillip Griffiths, ' Jonathan D. magnetic theory, amathematician Spenceof Yale in which the na-who headsthe University, whose ture and behaviorInstituteof Ad- topic was "His- of things electricalvanced Study at If tory and Politics," "were unified intoPrinceton Univer- told how "once- one comprehen-sity, began by back- accepted views" sive theory. Thating up Mr. Gif- of the relationship so huge a varietyford's emphasis on between science of phenomenathe importance of and history laid couldbe de-various fields of out in 1904 "have scribed by a fewknowledge being allprovedto Michael Mamland Fermi lab Randall Hagadorn Jonathan beautifulequa-ableto"talktoPhillip Griffithsbe erroneous or Leon Ledermantions," set fortheach other." harmful." Spence in the 19th century, "furthered the "One of the great discoveries of the "Those views as originally formu- idea that the world was indeed20th century," said Mr. Griffiths, haslated are now seen as having reflected knowable." been that different kinds of scientific little more than the self-congratulatory The "conquest of the atom," be-knowledge, including mathematics,stance of a white male Protestant elite, tween 1910 and 1930 gave rise toare strongly interrelated. This net-raised in a highly restricted cultural quantum mechanics, which "gave uswork of knowledge can be seen as a and social setting.... a unified and comprehensive com-vast set of principles and relation- "Science does not reveal a cumula- mand of the atomic world.... and itships that extends from invisible tive rise of wisdom and certainty, but was profitable," he said, referring toatomic particles to the vast biological rather revealed itself as the contriver of how this discovery made it possibleand social systems of the earth." unparalleled forces of destruction that for the computer revolution. Mr. Griffiths, like Mr. Alberts of the affect every individual. "At about the same time,National Academy of Sciences, also... The continuous Einstein and others were giving us aspoke to the "impossibility" of his job: marchalong new view of the cosmos and a new"The 20th century has been a fertilea path of ,;14.7tfoiTif.: and unified view of the nature oftime for the resolution of longstandingprogress time and space. ... The mind couldproblems such as Fermat's Last Theo- ;..;;4".*:".`-'`... now reach to the edges of the uni-rem and for a wealth of accomplish- verse." ments that would require at least an In the 1930s "came the assaultencyclopedia to describe." on the nucleus, occupying only a mil- As commenta tor, lionth of a billionth of the volume of Michael Monastyr- the atom. ... Radioactivity was un- \ "'nsky of the Institute derstood for its power and peril." t.; of Theoretical and The 1960s "witnessed the be- Experimental ginnings of a new organization of Physics in Moscow the stuff from which everything is spoke insightfully made." Then the so-called Standard about the mistaken Model of the 1980s provided "a con- predictions of great cise summary of everything [in mathematicians of !I ,V,E.1 ;',...... ;: ... 4,07,.. " . 8, .r.ai: .. physics] that has been discovered the past. He too Michael .0,,f,....,,,,r;?rri:-,...:'- , . since the discovery of the electron emphasizedthat 1:* % ;*ir.-:%.. 2: t ...". 7::;. Monastyrsky :.;,-.1.-,.. '.. in 1897. progress in math- .. , ..11-:.-.* :g;i's.1:4-, . Mr. Lederman concluded that "allematics is made by solving difficult ---... r;0-",....7. :. Z---;::::',....- .11.. m .. six revolutions began as abstractconcrete problems leading to the cre- d41%;r3 10i':'..1": I studies whose implications for soci-ation of deep generalized structures. ;a; '.. ety were concealed in distant futures. He spoke of topology as the science 1"Prilt In each new phase, a new piece of re-of the 20th century and related its de- VRf ality was revealed." velopment to the interruptions of Jerome Friedman of the Massachu-mathematical continuity occasioned setts Institute of Technology againby the two world wars of 1914-18 emphasized in his comments theand 1939-45. complex relationships in physics be- Mr. Monastyrsky concluded the 4'4 V,;.: tween theories, the most advanced ofmorning session. That afternoon, Nils which are not subject to experimental Hasselmo, president of the Association verification, and experiments, which of American Universities, thanked the sometimes result in observationsLibrary for providing him the oppor- ..... requiringreconceptualizationoftunity to "wrestle with these enor- theory. mously important questions."

164 17 2 was patently un-of the historian's Shlomo Avineri of Hebrew Univer- true, as one ob-craft during the sity developed the differences between served entire pop-20th century" was totalitarianisms: the failed ideology of ulationsslidingpresented by Marx articulated goals of social equality back into povertyThomas Hughes it could never reach, whereas the and degradation,of the University achieved aims of Nazism had no such of Pennsylvania. \ while others ex- ideals. Murderous barbarities affecting ploited their raw The French his- millions of people were committed in powerineventorian Marc Bloch the name of both, but they should not crasser ways,""was one of those for that reason be thought synonymous. Judith BrownMr. Spence ob-greathistorians The final three speakers of the day served. who diverted the Thomas discussed genetics, neurobiology and Judith Brown of Oxford Universityattention of our Hughes psychology, which, according to ses- commented principally on two of thecolleagues from sion chair Rita R. Colwell, director of themes that Jonathan Spence hadthe consideration of short-term eventsthe National Science Foundation, have mentioned concerning 20th centuryto structures [of] long duration and theexperienced an "unprecedented con- history the increasing integrationflow of profound development." vergence" in their recent findings. into political history of non-Western In his comments, Mr. Hughes em- Eric S. Lander of the Massachusetts civilizations, such as those of Chinaphasized that Bloch, although bestInstitute of Technology said that fulfill- and India, and the growing presenceknown for his work on early moderning one goal of the symposium, assess- and voice of women throughout his-Europe, also attended to the 20th cen-ing the achievements of the 20th cen- tory and as historians. tury. Mr. Hughes pointed to the historytury in genetics in this case would Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie of theof the man-made environment and thebe "simple," given the fact that "all sci- College de France was unable to at-history of technology as two addi-entific knowledge about genetics is a tend the conference.tional aspects of social history in thisproduct of the 20th century." He ex- The argument ofcentury that required emphasis. plained that although Gregor Mendel his paper on Contrary to the sentiments of many "planted the seeds of genetics" in 1865, the"re-of the other presenters who lamentedhis discoveries lay dormant until the newal the fact that there was not enough timebeginning of the current century. to cover their subjects in so short a In regard to the symposium's other space, Pierre Manent of the Ecole desgoal,forecasting advances, that Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales inwould be "foolhardy," said Mr. Paris said he was confronted "with anLander. Instead, he chose to describe unexpected difficulty: not an over-the agenda for genetics in the 21st flowing wealth of materials, but, oncentury "as it appears from the van- the contrary, a singular dearth oftage point of 1999." them." Completing "biology'speriodic "Our century has witnessed the dis-table" mapping the roughly 6,000 appearance ... of political philosophy.genes, is a job that still requires much ... certainly no Hegel, no Marx, even work. But once that goal is achieved, it no Comte has lived in our century, able will "become routine to characterize to convey to the few and the manyspecies by sequencing their complete alike the powerful vision of our socialgenomes." Not only will this ability and political statics and dynamics." provide vast potential for understand- Mr. Manent continued that totalitari- ing disease, but it will also have the po- anism, the "experilnentum crucis" of potential to explain evolutionary history litical philosophy of the 20th century, of great interest to anthropologists. "radically tested" this philosophy, andGenetic variants can be used to track it failed. "The mere fact that such ter- population migrations. rible enterprises could arise was proof David Balti- that no rational and humane under-more, president standing of modern political circum-of the California stances had developed and taken rootInstitute of Tech- in Europe. ... nology, com- "Political philosophy was notmented upon nearly able to give a satisfactory ac-both the thera- count of totalitarianism during andpeutic hopes and even after the fact. This time the owl the ethical dilem- of Minerva could not take its flight,"mas inherent in a said Mr. Manent. His paper con- morecomplete cluded with a trenchant analysis ofknowledge of the Bob Paz the necessity for continually recon-human genome. David structing democracy. It is difficult to Baltimore

165 173 predict and diffi-that faced by phys- seek torelate cult to be whollyics at the begin- adaptive pres- sanguineaboutning of the cen- sures to mental the uses to whichtury. "With and ultimately scientific knowl-consciousness, neural processes edge may be put in subjectivity is the of cognition and the coming cen-subject," he said. emotion, "and tury. Day 1 con- therefore can In the field ofcluded withre- sometimes iden- neurobiology, ac-marks by Steven tify common cording to Gerald Pinker of the Mas- psychological D. Fischbach ofsachusettsInsti- Gerald Gerald ... emotions the National Insti-tute of Technology Dennis Connors Photograph Edelman and thought Fischbach tutes of Health, itand Paula Tallal of patterns across Paula Tallal will be important to discover how pro-Rutgers University. Mr. Pinker's princi-cultureseven teins, genes and neurons work together.pal prediction is that psychology "will when behavior differs. For example, "It is naive to think thatbe instrumental in completing the uni- Social psychology, which will study one neural circuit and only one can ac-fication of human knowledge, the phe-how the nature of a relationship can be complish a particular task.... Once wenomenon dubbed 'consilience.' ... This used to predict interreactions. know how things work alone, we mustwill happen in three new disciplines at Mr. Pinker said it would be "foolish" determine how they work together." the intersectionto predict that "this blessed unification Mr. Fischbach predicted that "as this ofpsychologywill happen any time soon," but when level of analysis advances, distinctions and biology": it does, a scientific understanding of between neurological sciences and psy- Cognitive neu-human nature may be achieved. chiatry will disappear, as they will be roscience will Ms. Colwell brought the day's activi- seen as different ways of describing the study the rela-ties to a close by quoting a person same phenomena." cf tion of cognitivewhom "some consider the greatest phi- Gerald Edelman of the Scripps Re- andemotionallosopher of all time: Yogi Berra. search Institute focused on what he re- processes to the "It's very hard to make predictions, gards as the greatest challenge of neuro- activities of theespecially about the future." science: "understanding the neural brain. Perhaps, to borrow Mr. Gifford's basis of consciousness." He views this Donna Coveney Evolutionarywords, even sports and science "have as a biological challenge equivalent to Stephen Pinkerpsychology willsomething to say to each other." Swann Foundation Fellowships Awarded

The Caroline and Erwin Swann Foun- The overall quality of submissions sooriginal cartoon and caricature draw- dation for Caricature and Cartoon,impressedtheSwannFoundationings as works of art. administered by the Library of Congress, Board's Fellowship Committee that the The foundation's support of research has selected Stephen Kercher, a Ph.D. can- members decided to offer two smallerand academic publication is carried out didate in history and American studies stipends, one to Sarah F. Meng, a Ph.D. in part through a program of fellow- from Indiana University, to receive itscandidate in art history at Case Western ships. The Swann Foundation awards 1999-2000 Swann Foundation Fellowship. Reserve University, for her dissertation,one fellowship annually (with a stipend Mr. Kercher's dissertation, The Limits ofCaricature and Artistic Identity: Peggyof $15,000) to assist ongoing scholarly Irreverence: Irony and Satire in American Bacon, and the other to Sarah Parsons, aresearch and writing projects in the field Culture, 1950-1964, explores AmericanPh.D. candidate in art history at the Uni-of caricature and cartoon. The Caroline cartooning during the Cold War era and versity of California at Santa Barbara, for and Erwin Swann Foundation for Cari- includes an analysis of the work of such her dissertation, The Arts of Abolition:cature and Cartoon is guided by an luminaries as Herblock, Walt Kelly, Bill Enlightenment, Agitation and Representa-advisory board composed of scholars, Mauldin, Al Capp and Robert Osborn. tion in Britain, 1765-1807. collectors, cartoonists and Library of The Library holds the largest collection of New York advertising executiveCongress staff members. Its activities American political prints and drawingsErwin Swann (1906-1973) establishedsupport the study, interpretation, preser- in the world, including original works bythe Swann Foundation for Caricaturevation and appreciation of original all of these cartoonists and many of their and Cartoon in 1967. An avid collec-works of humorous and satiric art by contemporaries. tor, Swann assembled a large group ofgraphic artists from around the world. In the interest of increasing awarenessoriginal drawings by 400 artists, span- Applications for the academic year 2000- and extending documentation of Library ning two centuries, which his estate 2001 are due on Feb. 15, 2000. of Congress collections, Mr. Kercher is re- bequeathed to the Library of Con- More information on the fellowships quired to make use of the Library's collec- gress in the 1970s. Mr. Swann's origi-is available through the Swann Foun- tions, be in residence for at least twonal purpose was to compile a collec-dation Web page:www.loc.gov/ weeks during the award period and de-tionoforiginaldrawingsbyrr/print/swann/swannhome.html, by liver a public lecture on his work insignificant humorous and satiric art-e-mail: [email protected], or by calling progress at that time. ists and to encourage the study ofSara Duke at (202) 707-9115.

166 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 174 tr o

Music reels. This first release from continued from page 161 the 1870s includes approximately 150,000 images German operettas were particularly (22,000 items), which appear popular. Operatic literature wason a total of 204 reels of often transcribed into dance musicmicrofilm. as in, for example, the "Carmen These documents were Quadrille." scanned as bitonal TIFF images, with many of the Significance Beyond Music highly illustratedcovers The subjects that the Americanscanned as JPEG File Inter- people chose for their songs duringchange Format (JFIF) im- this era often illuminated the con-ages. Further technical infor- cerns of the time, as evidenced bymation about the scanning such titles as J.M. Kieffer's "Remem- process can be found at the ber the Poor," and I.E. Magruder'sWeb site under "Digitizing "The Drunkard's Daughter." Athe Collection." highly sentimental era, many songs Ap-t101' addressed these and other social con- There's nothing of that about me .. Varied Uses The Scamp' cerns, such as the death of children, There are many uses, s This world is a garden a subject that was particularly promi-both casual and academic, nent among the songs of the earlyfor the on-line collection. 1870s. Mr. Shirley commented that Bones According to Mr. Shirley, Q.D. Russ ell14Company "this collection is extremely useful"This site becomes particu- for people researching the sociologylarly useful if someone has of the period.... There are lots ofan interest in performing songs about orphaned children, for popular music of the pe- .n7/VC.8.1.7%2 / 7"./3(45:'"Ve example, which accurately reflectedriod. For example, this the real conditions of the time." would be a great resource Major historical events such as presi-if you were doing a play dential elections, the great Chicago fireset in that era and needed and new technology such as the tele-tofind music forthe phone and electricity were also wellproduction." represented as song subjects. Patriotic Members of the aca- events, including the 1876 Americandemic community are re- centennial, were the subject of songsporting that the collection such as "The Men of '76" by Harrisonof musical Americana is a Millard, who wrote it to pay homage touseful research tool. Joan the soldiers of the Revolutionary War. Catoni Conlon, director of This sheet music, like many others inGraduate Choral Research the collection, has an elaborate coverat the University of Colo- illustration. rado in Boulder, says "The site is both practical and Technical Background didactic. ... It's been great The collection was scanned fromfor the students to have 35mm roll microfilm originally pro-easy access to this part of duced by the Library's Photodupli- NEWYORA. their cultural heritage." J.L.PETERS 599 BROADWAY, linr. ni.nd. cation Service to preserve these ma- St 1.0400 Manhtes Gray Ce,.. Dever.. She added that one of her Ilabm qv Newhnll terialsforthe Music Division.students used this as the J.Whimey l Ca. T Gage/. Z.Ite. Morgan Cundiff, NDL project leadercenterpiece of a presenta- for the Web site, explained: "Thoughtion. `The Scamp" by Lance Major; "Temperance the Library still possesses the origi- The site can be used toCrusaders" by J.E. Stewart nal paper documents, we decided tosearch on specific subjects, scan from the microfilm because ofby title or by author. the possibility of far greater effi- To date, the statistics indicate significant overall use of this collection. So far, ciency and speed in the scanningmore than 200,000 "hits" have been related to this collection. process. This approach yielded a leg- The next installment of "Music for the Nation" will feature the remainder of ible copy of the printed music, while this collection of copyright deposits covering the years 1880-85, and is slated for making it possible to digitize a largerelease this fall. Expected future installments will be added from the copyright volume of material." deposits of the years 1820-1860. The entire microfilm collection from the 1870-1885 period consists of 441Ms. Manus is a music specialist with the National Digital Library Program.

JULY 1999 167 I 1: BEST COPYAVAILABLE 175 ---- 0 z Jefferson and the Declaration Updated Work Studies Evolution of Historic Text

BY GERARD W. GAWALT Cettled in his second-floor lodg- me An analysis of the text of the fragment ings at Jacob Graff's house on DECLARATION (facing page) reveals the process of Seventh and Market streets in * * * of * * * textual preparation of the Declaration Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson INDEPENDENCE of Independence: set out to apply his knowledge &Z. .W,ia ojC Half of the first line of text after about individual freedom, natu- "in po[wer]" is missing along the bro- ral order and British oppression to ken top edge of the manuscript. the writing of a Declaration of In- Benjamin Franklin, examining dependence. the text after Jefferson wrote it, deleted Had Jefferson known how im- the phrase "deluge us in blood," re- portant this document would be- placing it with the words "destroy us," come, he undoubtedly would which were the words first written by have been more careful in pre- Jefferson in lines two and three of the serving the precursor documents draft. involved in its writing. As it is, The phrase "in a separate state" historians are left to ponder the in line 11 was first changed to "sepa- small paper trail that led to this rately" by Jefferson in the draft and defining moment in U.S. history. subsequently to "apart from them" in A junior delegate from the self- both the fragment and the draft. John proclaimed stateof Virginia, another question often debated by Adams's copy was made before the Jefferson would have preferred in historians. interdelineation of "apart from them." June 1776 to return to Williams- Drawing on earlier writings, includ- In line 12 Jefferson changed the burg to help write the state's new ing George Mason's Virginia Declara- word "pronounces" to "denounces" constitution. But following the intion of Rights, his own drafts of the Vir- and the phrase "everlasting Adieu" to troduction of Virginia's resolu- ginia Constitution and Summary View of "eternal separation" in both the frag- tions calling for an independent the Rights of British Americans, Jefferson ment and the draft. Adams also made United States, the Continental produced in just a few days the first, or his copy after these changes were com- Congress, anticipating a favorable composition draft, of the Declaration of pleted by Jefferson. The alterations in vote, appointed a committee of Independence. He then made a clean, lines 11 and 12 indicate that Jefferson five delegates Jefferson, John or "fair," copy of the composition docu- continued to edit the Declaration even Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert ment, which became the basis of the as he made his fair copy. Livingston and Benjamin Frank- document labeled by Jefferson many Lines 13 and 14 were interlined lin to prepare a Declaration of years later as "Independence-Declara- into the text of the paragraph above. In Independence for Congress. tion original Rough draught" ("draft"). order to focus attention on the trans- Jefferson was not the youngest Both the fragment and the draft are gressions of the King and not the Brit- member of the committee; that considered "Top Treasures" of the Li- ish people, Congress later deleted this was Livingston. Nor was he the brary and are on view through Sept. 4 entire paragraph from the Declaration oldest; that was Franklin. Nor in the "American Treasures of the Li- of Independence, retaining only the was he the most experienced brary of Congress" exhibition in the phrase "acquiesce in the necessity, revolutionary penman; that was Thomas Jefferson Building. (For exhibi- which denounces our separation" in Adams, who had written many tion information, call (202) 707-3834. lines 11 and 12. revolutionary essays and state pa- The documents are also available on Although the fragment is small, it pers, including the Novanglus es- the Library's Web site at www.loc.gov.) reveals just how diligently Jefferson says and Thoughts on Government. In June, the Library (with a generous labored over the writing of the Decla- Jefferson would not even have grant from the Daniel J. Boorstin Fund) ration. Moreover, the fragment, when been on the committee if Richard and the Thomas Jefferson Memorial viewed in conjunction with Jefferson's Henry Lee had not pulled senior Foundation reissued an updated edi- all-encompassing "original Rough rank and returned to Virginia to tion of Julian Boyd's 1943 Library of draught," reinforces the historical work on the state constitution. Congress publication, The Evolution of conclusion that the Declaration of But Jefferson was from the key the Text of the Declaration of Indepen- Independence was not easily nor state of Virginia, and he had a dence (pictured above), edited by the individually achieved, but sprang natural felicity of writing. author of this article. Readers can ex- from many revolutionary ideas and Jefferson was assigned to draft amine color photographs of all of was the cooperative effort of many the document either by the com- the variant drafts and copies of the revolutionary leaders. GWG mittee, by Adams or by Congress continued on page170

168 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BESTCOPYAVAILABLE 17 6 bbS Jefferson's

Exact Words 171046,.. and Deletions: Composition Draft of the .- sr- P:-/Nae.AL. ko-a ta.4*".e Declaration ,;e 4:4 47...41 . re-established 4 . them in po[werl... ert>,..... "6.-0kr;....-..;712--t at this very time too, theyarepermit- ting their chief magistrate to send over not only soldiers of our common blood but _if .fraye 7-, -7y 4,-// Scotch & foreign mer- rrr /.-7/ cenaries to invade and del- r- -, .07 e uge us in blood. cz0.1701,7 thesefactshave or 441 given the last stab to Photo 1: Jefferson's compositional fragment of the Declaration of Independence was agonizing affection, penned at the top of the page. He later turned the page 180 degrees to draft Congresss & manly spirit bids acceptance of the resignation of Gen. John Sullivan from the continental Army. us to renounce for ever these unfeeling Photo 2: On the back of the fragment Jefferson penciled a description of a Philadelpphia brethren! we must horse stable for use at Monticello. The marks at the bottom of the page are bleed- endeavor to forgetthrough from the compositional fragment. our former love for them and to hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in ,..5,,,,,-..),,,,,, ,, --..., ;4: !,.. 43 '._ .,. .:....., ...v ,i..:;.,:::--:,,,,, s,,,, 11"'s4'. :Zr A,7. el,,.. war, in peace friends. we might l 7:4,- i;-,. ?f7;Ylya.7.1' 7/ .!fy: f:j. .: 6:4:IL 2 (5-....4....,. 2. gYSN., 4,-,..4 have been a free & a 7-, iiL Z ',. --. 6-4.'9.il-r, c.,,-....Ao-tt./..,t4'.. great people together, .,11, /4., pitz.-: -.A. c.../..04.--.61._ti.:_: /- butacommunicaionof 46-,,47.. .,/,,,rt..., #r1 t,4,j....krae 41.grandeur & of ,. ' _ freedom it seems is be low their dignity. be it so, since, --re:Vrt c..r r they will have it:the road to happiness & to glory is open to us too, we will climb it apart from them & acquiesce in the necessity which denounces Y1,y-< our eternal separation.

JULY 1999 BESTCOPYAVAILABLE 169 177 o

Declaration firmed the view of those histori- continued from page 168 ans who had argued that a heavily edited draft must have Declaration of Independence preceded the copy Jefferson had leading to the final engrossed endorsed as the original rough copy and read a document-by- draft. document scholarly analysis of That the fragment was written the drafting of the Declaration. before the draft and was then cor- The draft of the Declaration rected and copied into it was ex- was revised first by Adams and actingly explained by Boyd in Franklin, and then by the full 1950. "The Fragment contains committee. A total of 47 alter- several words and passages that ations, including the insertion are crossed out; none of these was of three complete paragraphs, copied into the 'Rough draught' were made to the text before it (or true fair copy)," wrote Boyd in was presented to Congress on the first volume of The Papers of June 28. After voting for inde- Thomas Jefferson. "The Fragment pendence on July 2, Congress also contains, in its undeleted 148 continued to refine the docu- words that were copied in the ment, making 39 additional re- 'Roughdraught,'43words visions to the committee draft caretted and interlined; none of before its final adoption on the these was so treated in the 'Rough morning of July 4. draught.'" The draft shows the multiplic- Several additional and equally ity of corrections, additions and elaborate explanations were pro- deletions that were made at each vided by Boyd before he stated step. Although most of the alter- his opinion that "the most conclu- ations are in Jefferson's hand- sive evidence" can be derived writing (Jefferson later indicated from the fact that Jefferson wrote which changes he believed were the paragraph on the top of the made by Adams and Franklin), he felt there, arguing over the weather and half leaf of paper and left the remainder slighted by the way Congress rewrotetime of day Congress agreed to theblank for subsequent corrections or the manuscript. In a consoling letter ofDeclaration and the sequencing ofdrafts. The final two lines in the frag- July 21, 1776, the state's senior del-drafts and copies. ment "these facts have given the last egate, Richard Henry Lee, wrote to The discovery in 1947 by Boyd, li-stab to agonizing affection, & manly Jefferson that he wished that "thebrarian at Princeton University, of thespirit bids us to renounce for ever these manuscript had not been mangled as itfragment a previously unknownunjust unfeeling brethren" were is." In an 1823 letter to Madison,draft of the Declaration of Indepen-composed in this blank space before Jefferson wrote that, at the time, "dur-dence shed new light on earlierbeing interlined above in the drafted ing the debate, I was sitting by Dr.studies of the Declaration's composi-paragraph. In late July 1776, Jefferson Franklin and he observed that I wastion. The brief, but critically important, used the remainder of this blank half writhing a little under the acrimoniousfragment had been preserved unrecog-leaf to draft a resolution accepting the criticisms" of Congress. In fact, as Con-nized in the Thomas Jefferson Papersproffered resignation of Gen. Sullivan, gress neared completion of the docu-at the Library of Congress until Boyd, who, insulted when Gen. Horatio ment by altering nearly all of his lastthe newly named documentary editorGates was appointed commander of paragraph, Jefferson could only writeof The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, reex- the American Army in Canada on June in the margin "a different phraseologyamined primary documents. The frag- 17, 1776, wished to resign his commis- inserted." Jefferson remained bitterment had been mistakenly filed undersion. Congress allowed Sullivan to about the changes made to the Decla-a September 1777 date with materialswithdraw his resignation and to con- ration of Independence right up to hisrelated to congressional consideration tinue to serve his country; later he was death. His autobiography was a majorin 1776 of Gen. John Sullivan's threat- captured by the British at the time of effort to set the record straight on itsened resignation of his commission to their victory on Long Island. Jefferson writing. the Continental Army. Jefferson hadthen made notes on the back of this Within a few decades, even the ma-also drafted a resignation acceptancesheet about a horse stable at the Penn jor characters, including Jefferson andon the same page, turning the frag- family estate in Philadelphia (see Photo Adams, could not remember whoment 180 degrees to do so (see lower2, p. 169). He later used the notes to wrote what, when Congress approvedportion of Photo 1, p. 169). build a stable during the reconstruction the Declaration, or even when the Dec- Heavily edited in Jefferson's clear,of Monticello. laration was signed. Small wonder,precise hand, the fragment proved to then, that scholars have puzzled overbe a key component in unraveling theMr. Gawalt is a specialist in early the text for nearly 200 years, assigning story of the writing of the Declaration.American history at the Library of authorship here, ascribing a deletionThe existence of the fragment con- Congress.

170 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 173 0

Preservation Corner Piecing Together Fragments of History

BY MARK ROOSA mark bearing an oval ribbon design Ms. Morenus began by removing Library of Congress conservatorsand the words Pro Patria Eiusquethe tissue mends and tending to the have confirmed for the first time thatLibertate ['For Country and Her Lib-exposed small tears by applying the paper upon which Thomaserty'] and, according to Julian Boyd,minute slivers of very shear gossa- Jefferson penned the compositionauthor of The Declaration of Indepen- mer tissue coated with a reversible fragment and the "original Roughdence: The Evolution of the Text, theadhesive, which allows the mending draught" of the Declaration of Inde-paper is probably Dutch in origin.to be removed without any alteration pendence were made by the same pa-The fragment does not have a water-to the original sheet. Paper losses per manufacturer. mark because it is a piece from awere then filled in with strong, light- The Library's Conservation labora-larger sheet of paper," said Ms.weight kozo paper made from the tory recently compared the paperMorenus. inner bark of an indigenous Japanese quality of the composition fragment plant known for its particularly long of the Declaration of IndependenceConservation History fibers. The repairs were matched to with that of the "original Rough Like the draft, the fragment hasthe original sheet using pastel cray- draft" and discovered distinct simi-undergone substantial conservationons. The conserved sheet was then larities. The comparison, accom-treatment since its creation in 1776.placed into a protective double-sided plished with the help of a fiber-opticThe first treatment, applied early thismat that allowed both the front and light, was made as the fragment wascentury, was a 'silking' process thatthe back of the fragment to be con- being prepared for exhibition inwas commonly applied to reinforcesulted without being touched, where "American Treasures of the Librarymanuscripts. It involved adheringit remains. The mat also protects the of Congress." The fragment andthe document between two thinfragment during transit and while in draft are on view through Sept. 4. pieces of transparent silk. The Li-storage or on exhibit. Finally, the pre- "Upon visual examination and inbrary adopted the silking method forserved fragment is kept in a specially comparing the positions of chain andmanuscript repair in 1899. The tech-designed cold storage vault that laid lines (fine textured lines in thenique was practiced worldwide formaintains stable temperature and paper resulting from the papermak-many years, but fell out of favor inhumidity levels, which substantially ing process) it appears that the twothe 1940s, when specialists realizedextend the life of paper documents. papers share the same characteris-that the materials used in the process tics. This new discovery strengthensbecame acidic and brittle over time. Display Case the link between these two impor- In the 1970s, the fragment under- During their exhibition in the tant documents," said the Library'swent a second treatment in which the "American Treasures of the Library senior paper conservator, Lindasilking was removed, a painstakingof Congress," the draft and the frag- Morenus. process that involved soaking thement have been placed in the award- document in water until the adhe-winning 'Top Treasures' display Making Paper sive holding the silk in place dis-case, which was built according to In the 18th century, sheets of papersolved and the silk fell away fromthe highest standards of preservation were cast from wet fiber pulp onto athe paper sheet. The fragment wasand security. It is reserved exclu- mold or screen composed of veryalso alkalized a process in whichsively for the Library's rarest and thin metal wires, thus leaving an im-damaging acids were removed frommost valuable items. pression. Chain wires ran perpen-the paper to prevent chemical dete- The case consists of a high-hard- dicular to the laid wires and were at-rioration and mended using Japa-steel display chamber within an exte- tached to them for support. nese tissue with a heat-activatedrior of maple veneer with mahogany "The impression from the chainsynthetic adhesive. inlays. On either side, two large and laid wires is visible when held When the fragment arrived in theviewing windows are glazed with a up to the light; this is because lessLibrary's conservation lab in 1995 forspecially rated ballistics polycarbon- pulp is deposited on the wires of thetreatment prior to that year's exhibi-a te and glass laminate. Temperature mold than between them," said Ms.tion "Drafting the Documents," theand relative humidity can be main- Morenus. Placing the documentschallenge was to undo earlier resto-tained within minimum tolerances of side by side and using a fiber-opticrations that were visually unsympa-plus or minus 1 degree Fahrenheit or source of heat-free, transmitted light,thetic and to apply in their place a1 percent humidity. The case is set for Ms. Morenus was able to see anddiscrete, stabilizing treatment thatthe optimum preservation condi- count the chain and laid lines andwould allow the delicate fragment,tions of 50 degrees and 50 percent measure the distance between them.which had beentri-foldedbyrelative humidity. "The papers appear to be made byJefferson in order to pocket it, to be the same paper mill. The first sheet ofexhibited and consulted without riskMr. Roosa is chief of the Conservation the rough draft has a large water-of physical damage. Division.

JULY 1999 171 179 Jefferson on Citizenship New Volume Collects Essays by Historians

'Thomas Jefferson and the Edu- (Donald A. Grinde Jr.); "The cation of a Citizen, a 383 Old and the New Worlds: Sum- page volume containing papers mary and Comment" (C. Vann by 18 scholars, has been pub- Woodward). lished by the Library. The volume was edited by James A Republic of Citizens Gilreath,formerlyofthe "Citizenship and Change Library's Rare Book and Spe- in Jefferson's Constitutional cial Collections Division. Thought" (David N. Mayer); The papers, which address "Liberty and Virtue: Religion the issue of education and and Republicanism in Jeffer- preparationforcitizenship sonian Thought" (Eugene R. that underlies a free society Sheridan); "Ward Republics: as Jefferson perceived it, were The Wisest Inventionfor presented at a conference of the Self-Government" (Suzanne W. same name at the Library of Morse). Congress in 1993. The supporters of the meeting, which com- An International memorated Jefferson's 250th Perspective birthday, were the Center for "The Education of Those the Book in the Library of Who Govern" (Ralph Ketch- Congress, the Library's Rare am); "Thomas Jefferson and Book and Special Collections His Conception of Happiness" Division and the Institute of (Liu Zuochang). Early American History and Partial funding for the publi- Culture in Williamsburg, Va. cation of Thomas Jefferson and The Library's James Madison the Education of a Citizen came Council also provided funding from private contributions to for the symposium. the Center for the Book and "These papers deal with a from a cooperative agreement topic Jefferson, education and citi-An Informed Citizenry between the Center for the Book and zenship that has not been widely "Jefferson and Literacy" (Douglas L. the U.S. Department of Education. discussed or written about," said Cen- Wilson); "Bulwark of Revolutionary Thomas Jefferson and the Education of ter for the Book Director John Y. Cole, Liberty: Thomas Jefferson's and Johna Citizen is available in the Library of who contributed the volume's preface.Adams's Programs for an InformedCongress Sales Shop and from the "James Gilreath recognized this gapCitizenry" (Richard D. Brown); "Tho-University Press of New England, and persuaded a distinguished group mas Jefferson and Legal Education inwhich is distributing the book for the of historians to share their views at the Revolutionary America" (Herbert A.Library of Congress. The price of the conference and in these essays." Johnson); "'That Knowledge Mosthardbound book is $40. Credit card The book is organized into five sec-Useful to Us': Thomas Jefferson's Con- orders may be placed with the tions. The essay topics and authors arecept of Utility in the Education of Re-Library of Congress Sales Shop by listed below. publican Citizens" (Jennings L. Wag-calling (202) 707-0204. Orders from oner Jr.); "Education and Democracy:the University Press of New England The Public and Private Spheres Summary and Comment" (Benjaminmay be placed by telephone (800- "Citizens and Families: A Jeffer-A. Barber). 421- 1561), fax (603-643-1540) or e- sonian Vision of Domestic Relations mail: [email protected]. and Generational Change" (MichaelInfluence of the Old and The Center for the Book was estab- Grossberg); "Binding Ties: TheNew Worlds lished by law in 1977 to stimulate Public and Domestic Spheres in "Thomas Jefferson and the Oldpublic interest in books, reading and Jefferson's Letters to His Family"World: Personal Experience in the For-libraries. Its program and publica- (Frank Shuffelton); "Beyond Educa-mation of Early Republican Ideals"tions are supported by contributions tion: Thomas Jefferson's 'Republi-(Elizabeth Wirth Marvick); "Whyfromindividuals,corporations, can' Revision of the Laws RegardingSlaves Can't Read: The Political Sig-foundations and other government Children" (Holly Brewer); "Jefferson, nificance of Jefferson's Racism" Gamesagencies. For information about the the Family, and Civic Education"Oakes); "Thomas Jefferson's DualisticCenter for the Book, visit its Web site (Jan Lewis). Perceptions of Native Americans"at www.loc.gov/loc/cfbook.

172 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Celebrating Books Catalog Lists Wealth of Library Publications

he Library has recently of all known drafts of the Dec- I published Celebrating laration of Independence, in- Books: Selected Publications cluding an earlier fragment from the Library of Congress. not knowntoJefferson The 1999 catalog, which scholar Julian P. Boyd when will be updated annually, his study was first published includes titles published by in 1943 in conjunction with the Library and those pro- the Bicentennial of Jefferson's duced in cooperation with birth. The fragment, along a number of renowned trade with Jefferson's rough draft of publishers. the Declaration of Indepen- "All of the books included dence, will be on display in in this catalog highlight a spe- the "American Treasures of cific Library of Congress col- the Library of Congress" exhi- lection, exhibition or subject bition through Labor Day. that can be explored through our collections," said Publish- Illustrated Guides to the ing Office Director W. Ralph Library's Collections Eubanks. "Our hope is that The catalog also includes a through our publishing pro- series of illustrated guides to gram we can continue to the Library's collections fea- make more of our vast collec- turing special materials in tions accessible to the Ameri- various formats, which were can public." made possible by generous The catalog features new support from the James Madi- and recent titles, exhibition son Council, the Library's pri- catalogs and year 2000 calen- vate-sector advisory group. dars on subjects as diverse as These include guides to the American history, religion, art andthe Museum Publications Competi-Library's manuscript, geography architecture, geography, music andtion of the American Association ofand map, prints and photographic, film. Titles include Heart of the Circle:Museums; and Eyes of the Nation: Amusic, Hispanic, and European col- Photographs by Edward S. Curtis of Na- Self- Portrait of the American People,lections. tive American Women (Pomegranatethe Knopf book's companion CD- Artbooks), The African American Od- ROM (produced by SouthPeak In-Desk and Wall Calendars yssey (Library of Congress), Manyteractive Inc.), which placed second For 10 years, the Library has pub- Nations: A Library of Congress Guidein the CD-ROM category of thelished a series of desk and wall calen- for the Study of Indian and Alaska Na-AAM's 1999 Museum Publicationsdars that highlight images from the tive Peoples of the United States (Li-Competition. Library's unique collections. Today in brary of Congress) and the popular History, one of 10 calendars for 2000 calendar series celebrating women'sPublications on (Golden Turtle Press), includes en- achievements titled Women Who Dare Thomas Jefferson tries drawn from the Library's popu- (Pomegranate Publications). The life and work of Thomaslar American Memory on-line collec- Jefferson and his role in shaping thetions (www.loc.gov). Award Winning Books and nation and the Library of Congress° Visitors may obtain Celebrating Exhibition Catalogs are the subject of several titles suchBooks free of charge in the Jefferson Award-winning publications in-as Thomas Jefferson and the EducationBuilding and Madison Building sales clude: The Work of Charles and Rayof a Citizen (University Press of Newshops and in the Publishing Office, in Eames: A Legacy of Invention (HarryEngland), The Library of Congress:the Madison Building, LM-602. Oth- N. Abrams Inc.), which recently re- The Art and Architecture of the Thomas ers may send a letter requesting a ceived the 1999 Philip JohnsonJeffersonBuilding (W.W. Norton)free copy to: Library of Congress, Award for "Best Exhibition Cata-and a new work titled The DeclarationPublishing Office, 101 Independence log" from the Society of Architec-of Independence: The Evolution ofAvenue S.E., Washington, DC 20540- tural Historians; Eyes of the Nation:the Text (University Press of New4980. The Library's 1999 catalog of A Visual History of the United StatesEngland). Out of print for morepublications is also accessible on the (Alfred A. Knopf), which won thethan 40 years, this work brings to-Library's Web site (www.loc.gov/loc/ 1998 "Best Museum Book" fromgether photographic reproductionspub/celebrate).

JULY 1999 173 181 Photographic Treasures Library Acquires Archives of Milton Rogovin

Noted social documentary photographer Milton Rogovin and his family have donated his photographic archives to the Library of Congress. Refusing to be silenced by the House Un-American Activities Committee in the 1950s, Mr. Rogovin turned to photography in his quest for social justice. A champion of the working class, Milton Rogovin (born 1909) has photographed people around the world for the past 40 years, focusing on men and women at work and in their homes. His dignified portraits of workers speak of the dreams and aspirations common to humanity. Influenced by the work of Lewis Hine and Paul Strand, Mr. Rogovin began his interest in photography by documenting Buffalo's African American storefront churches. He captured the transitory nature of the buildings used for religious services and the emotion of the church services. Later photographs document working-class individuals in a six-block neighborhood of Buffalo's lower west side, home to Puerto Ricans, African Americans, Native Americans and other ethnic groups. He began this series in 1972, and rephoto- graphed many of the same people in 1984 and again in 1992, providing a portrait of families over time. In addition, he has documented Native Americans on Milton Rogovin Man in steel plant (above), from the series "Working People," 1978-79; woman with child, from the series "Chile," 1967

reservations in New York state, an around- the-world survey of miners and their families, steelworkers before and after plant clos- 0 ings, teenage pregnancy, and the Yemeni community of Lackawanna, N.Y. Mr. Rogovin is a recipient of the prestigious W. Eugene Smith Award for humanistic photography. His photographs have appeared in dozens of periodicals, such as The New York Times Magazine, Photographers International, Aperture and Creative Camera. Mr. Rogovin's work has been published in several monographs, including The Forgot- ten Ones, Windows That Open Inward: Images of Chile, with poems by Nobel Prize winner Pablo Neruda; Portraits in Steel, with interviews by Michael Frisch, and Triptychs: Buffalo's Lower West Side Revisited. His work is in the collections of more than 20 institutions, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the In- ternational Museum of Photography at the George Eastman House and the J. Paul Getty Center. Mr. Rogovin's photographs have been widely exhibited, including one- man shows at the Albright-Knox Gallery Milton Rogovin 174 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 162 (Buffalo), the Art Institute of Chicago, the Brooklyn Museum and the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. The Library's collection of the life's work of Mr. Rogovin consists of more than 1,200 black-and-white photographs selected and printed by the photographer, and all of the 120mm negatives and contact sheets made during Mr. Rogovin's long photographic career. Additional material includes correspondence pertaining to his photographic travels and exhibitions, as well as correspondence with W.E.B. DuBois, Pablo Neruda, Stephen Jay Gould, Robert Coles and other notables. The Rogovin collection strengthens the Library's outstanding collection of documentary photography, which includes Lewis Hine's extensive photographic documentation for the National Child Labor Commit- tee, the archives of the Farm Security Administration/ Office of War Information and Ansel Adams's photographs of a Japanese relocation camp at Manzanar, Calif. The Rogovin Collection will be available for use after it is processed.

Man with baby, from the series "Buffalo's Lower West Side," 1972 Milton Rogovin William Gottlieb Jazz Age Photos On-Line -.1111118k, More than 1,600 photographs of many of the greatest names in jazz are now available on-line in "Will-

h0 PgRKIh iam P. Gottlieb: Photographs from t34 the Golden Age. of Jazz." They can tre be accessed from the American Memory Web site of the Library's National Digital Library Program at www.loc.gov. The William P. Gottlieb Collection (see LC Information Bulletin, Oct. 2, 4"- 1995) documents the jazz scene from .01 1938 to 1948, primarily in New York City and Washington, D.C. In 1938 t\i William P. Gottlieb Mr. Gottlieb began working for TheBillie Holiday (from Down Beat, Washington Post, where he wrote and 1947) and Dizzy Gillespie on illustrated a weekly jazz column 52nd Street in New York (ca. 1947) perhaps the first in a major newspa-were just two of William Gottlieb's per. After World War II he was em-photographic subjects. ployed as a writer-photographer for Down Beat magazine, and his work also appeared frequently in Record Changer, the Saturday Review and Collier's. During the course of his career, Mr. Gottlieb took portraits of prominent jazz musicians and personalities, including Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Billie Holiday, Dizzy Gillespie, Earl Hines, Thelonious Monk, Stan Kenton, Ray McKinley, Benny Goodman, Coleman Hawkins, Ella Fitzgerald and Benny Carter. This on-line collection presents Gottlieb's photographs, annotated contact prints, selected published prints and related articles from Down Beat. William P. Gottlieb

JULY 1999 175 A 183 Digital Distance Education Copyright Office Releases Study

The Copyright Office has released use of technological measures that a report on "Copyright and Digi- S C OP}el?, reasonably prevent unauthorized tal Distance Education." access and dissemination. In the Digital Millen- .0° nium Copyright Act of (5)Retain the current 1998, Congress charged CI,4111114 % "nonprofit" require- the Copyright Office with ment for educational responsibility to study institutions seeking how to promote distance to invoke the exemp- education through digital tion. technologies and report (6) Add a new provision back with recommenda- to the Copyright Act tions within six months. to allow digital dis- The report has been is- tance education to sued after an intensive take place asynchro- processofidentifying nously, by permit- stakeholders, holding ting a copyrighted public hearings, soliciting work to be uploaded comments, conducting re- onto a server for sub- search and consulting sequenttransmis- with experts in various sion to students un- fields. der the conditions The report gives an set out in section overview of the nature of distance kilRYOfCO 110(2). education today; describes current licensing practices in digital dis-(1) Update the exemption to permit (7)Expand the categories of works tance education, including prob- digital transmissions over com- exempted from the performance lems and future trends; describes puter networks, expanding the right beyond the current cover- the status of the technologies avail- rights covered to include those age of nondramatic literary or able or in development relating to neededtoaccomplish such musical works, adding other the delivery of distance education transmissions, to the extent tech- types of works but allowing per- courses and the protection of their nologically required. formances of only reasonable content; and discusses prior initia- and limited portions. tives to address the copyright issues(2) Eliminate the physical classroom requirement in section 110(2), The report further recommends involved. It also provides an analy- that Congress provide clarification of sis of how current copyright law ap- permitting transmissions to stu- plies to digital distance education, dents officially enrolled in thethe fair use doctrine in legislative as well as an assessment of whether course, regardless of their physi-history, to confirm that the doctrine the law should be changed to ac- cal location. applies in the digital environment and to explain the function of fair use commodate new technologies, and Add language that focuses more if so, how. (3) guidelines. Finally, it concludes that clearly on the concept of medi-licensing systems should not be Specifically, the Copyright Office ated instruction to ensure that recommends several amendments abandoned or regulated because of the performance or display isproblems that have been experienced to section 110(2) of the U.S. Copy- analogous to the type of perfor- right Act, which exempts certain in licensing works for digital dis- mance or display that wouldtance education, but rather that the performances and displays in con- take place in a live classroom. nection with instructional activities. market should be given leeway to The report states that "the techno-(4) Add safeguards to minimize theevolve and mature. logical characteristics of digital greater risks of uncontrolled The report is available on the Web transmissions have rendered the copying and distribution posedsite of the U.S. Copyright Office at language of section 110(2) inappli- by digital transmission, includ-www.loc.gov/copyright under the cable to the most advanced delivery ing limiting the retention of anyheading "What's New." The report is method for systematic instruction." transient copies, requiring thealso available for purchase through It recommends altering the section adoption of copyright policiesthe Government Printing Office at as follows: and education, and requiring the (202) 512-1800.

176 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 184 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION SCHEDULES

3 3 as 9 3 2 3 3 3 7a 7a

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.1 Wit [iDt attr * *

K: LAW (GENERAL), 1998 Edition L: EDUCATION, 1998 Edition ISBN 0-8444. 0982-0 ISBN 0-8444-0978-2 Price: $26 in North America$31 outside North America Price: $36 in North America$41 outside North America

K TABLES: FORM DIVISION M: MUSIC AND BOOKS TABLES FOR LAW, 1999 Edition ON MUSIC, 1998 Edition (Standardizes form division tables for theKschedules to eliminate inconsistencies that developed over the years. ISBN 0-8444-0981-2 K Tablesapply to allKsubclasses except:KD, KE,and KF.) Price: $26 in North America$31 outside North America ISBN 0.8444-0986-3 Price: $15 in North America$20 outside North America PB-PH: KE: LAW OF CANADA, 1998 Edition MODERN EUROPEAN ISBN0-8444. 0984-7 LANGUAGES, 1999 Edition Price: $26 in North America $3 1 outside North America ISBN 0-8444-0992-8 $38 in North America$48 outside North America KF: LAW OF THE UNITED STATES, 1999 Edition (Available, late summer.) PR-PS & PZ: ISBN0. 8444 - 0994 -4 ENGLISH & AMERICAN $36 in North America$41 outside North America LITERATURE, JUVENILE KJV-KJW: LAW OF FRANCE, 1999 Edition BELLE LETTRES, 1998 Edition ISBN 0-8444-0995.2 ISBN 0-8444-0983-9 $36 in North America$41 outside North America Price: $36 in North America$41 outside North America

II 5

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JULY 1999 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 177 185 * o

News from the Center for the Book State Centers Meet for 'Idea Exchange'

//We're surprised and filiated centers and the estab- thrilled," said Vir- lishment of the first statewide ginia Center for the BookVIRGINIANCENTER systemoflocalaffiliates. Executive Director Deborah Florida and Vermont are the Hocutt on learning that the previousNational Award Virginia center had won the FOR THE BOOK winners. 1999 Boorstin National Center The State Award, won by for the Book Award. Missouri, recognizes specific Her thoughts were echoed a successful projects. Mr. Cole few minutes later by Made- cited Missouri's annual Cel- line Matson, director of the ebration of the Book and its Missouri Center for the Book, creation of databases for inwhen the Library's Center for formation about Missouri au- the Book director, John Y. Cole, thors and the Missouri com- announced that the Missouri munity of the book. Nebraska center had won the 1999 and Oklahoma are the previ- Boorstin State Center for the ous winners. Book Award. Each of these an- Ms. The continued growth of the nual citations includes a cash state center network was one of prize of $5,000. the topics discussed on May 3. The personal presentation The new Utah Center for the of the Boorstin State Center Book, located at the Salt Lake Awards by Librarian of Con- City Public Library, received gressEmeritusDanielJ. special recognition. The Utah Boorstin and his wife, Ruth, center was represented by Blair was a highlight of the 10th an- Felton, who reported that the nual state center "idea ex- new center's mission was "to change day," held at the Li- celebrate, honor and promote brary on May 3. Dr. Boorstin interest in books, reading and established the Center for the the literary and book arts cul- Book in 1977. When he retired ture and heritage of Utah and in 1987, he and Mrs. Boorstin the West." Salt Lake City librar- created an endowment to ian Nancy Tessman, who took support the center. Maurvene D. Williams the initiative in creating the A reception at the end of the Ruth and Daniel Boorstin (left) and John ColeUtah center, was also present. day included officials andwith Deborah Hocutt, executive director of theTheDistrictof Columbia, representativesfromtheVirginia Center for the Book, winner of the 1999Massachusetts and New Jersey, American Library Associa-Boorstin national award. all potential homes of new state tion, the National Commis- centers, sent representatives to sion on Libraries and Informationdedication of our state center coordi-the meeting. Science and Chief Officers of Statenators both the veterans and new In his remarks Mr. Cole noted one Library Agencies (COSLA).Dr. coordinators. And there always aremajor change regarding "host" institu- Billington congratulated the Boorstinnew twists. This year much time wastions: The Montana Center for the Award winners and Mr. Cole, thespent learning about and discussingBook has moved from the Montana center's director since 1977, for ful-cooperative partnerships that haveState Library in Helena to the Montana filling the Boorstins' goal of creatingbeen developed by and among theCommittee on the Humanities in a national catalyst for promotingstate centers themselves." books and reading. The National Award, won by Vir- The purpose of the annual "idea ex-ginia, recognizes the contribution change" meeting is for the coordina-that a state center has made to the MISSOURI tors of the 36 state centers affiliatedCenter for the Book's overall pro- with the national center to exchangegram. The Virginia Center for the information and ideas about their re-Book'sinitiativesincludedthe spective programs. "Invariably, it's asponsorship of a "Virginia Authors terrific day" said Mr. Cole. "Each yearRoom" at the Library of Virginia, I am inspired by the enthusiasm andthe creation of a listsery for all 36 af- CENTER FOR THE BOOK

178 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 166 z

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Lorenzo Wright Lorenzo Wright Center for the Book Program Officer Maurvene Williams (left) meets with Leona Wright (Nevada); Mark Sherouse (Montana) gathers materials from other state centers.

Missoula. Thus it is now the third state "State Center Projects by Topic:director of the River of Words project; center to be located in a state humani-A Sampling," which provides infor-Nina Cobb, Library of America; and ties council Maine and Tennesseemation about book and authorSandy Dolnick, executive director of are the other two. Mr. Cole also re-awards, book discussion groups,Friends of Libraries U.S.A. minded state centers that their affilia-book fairs, festivals and other cel- For information about the Center tion with the Library of Congress must ebrations of the book and writer;for the Book and its affiliated state be renewed every three years and thatexhibitions, lectures, seminars andcenter program or for a copy of the applications from the 16 centers dueworkshops; publishing projects, ra-1999 State Center Handbook, contact for renewal in 1999 must be receiveddio, television and other mediathe Center for the Book, Library of by Dec. 1. He also stressed the growingprojects; writers projects; and partici-Congress, 101 Independence Ave. importance of the Center for thepation in three national projects: Let-S.E., Washington, DC 20540-4920, Book's Web site, which has expandedters About Literature, Mother Goose(202) 707-5221; fax (202) 707-0269; dramatically and become a heavilyAsks "Why?" and River of Words. or visit the center's Web site at used resource for the entire book and Additional sections include direc-www.loc.gov/loc/cfbook. reading community. tory information about the First-time participants in the an-coordinators, a list of state nual "idea exchange day" were Triciacenter Web sites, guidelines The STATE CENTERS FOR THE BOOK Handbook Spring 1999 Brown (Alaska), Jocelyn Jacobsonfor establishing state cen- (Arizona), Robert Daseler (Califor-ters and a subject index. nia), Christiane Citron (Colorado),Copies of the Handbook are Denise Pendleton (Maine), Jackieavailable without charge Payne (Michigan), Pat Coleman(see below). (Minnesota), Mark Sherouse (Mon- Discussions during the tana), Katherine Walter (Nebraska),day featured reports from Leona Wright (Nevada) and Floydeach state center and the Dickman (Ohio). sharing of ideas about ad- Center forthe Book Programministrative isues and pro- titatif Officer Maurvene D. Williams pre-gramming. Special guests libraola sented the spring 1999 edition ofand speakers included Cen- C.O.:Bast her 41-page compilation, the Stateter for the Book consultants filts Centers for the Book Handbook (right). Virginia Mathews (Vibur- .017(1'i C:11 Its major sections are: num Family Literacy Pro- "Profiles of the State Centers,"ject) and Cathy Gourley (Let- ,,enfliki which provides information about ters About Literature Project); Beek = Cent, for tke Book each center's founding, mission, hostCarole Moultray of Kings .474,,Nstr Compiled by Maurvene D.Williams,Prograrn Officer institution, coordinator, funding,College, Pa., also represent- The Center for the Book publicity, administration, satellitesing the Letters About Litera- and activities; and ture project; Pamela Michael,

JULY 1999 179 f. BEST COPY AVAILABLE 1 8 7 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF PUBLIC AVE. S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS INFORMATIONIf you wish to beBULLETIN removed from the mailing list for ISSN 0041-7904 0220303Syracuse Univ Clearinghouse on Info /Teel 0G5 addresstothis the publication above label address. and check return. If here change is required enter on and return this page Syracuse4-194CIJE Coordinator Centerric for Sci NY 13244-4100 E., Tech 183 r 169 RAIkt giig0 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS BICENTENNIAL joark Stacey he Library of Congress OFN X LI IIRAni ES CIIEATIVITY LIBERTY II

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.4* L.Southern Mosaic: John and Ruby Lomax 1-9 0 1.11111A111' OP CONGIt 1,:titi ISICEN'rENNIA I. InformationThe LIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin LIBRARIES CIS EATIVIT1' 1.1111:11TV JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 8 August 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Uncle Billy McCrea (right) with John A. Lomax (center) and friends, at Billy's home in Jasper, Texas, 1940. Photo by Ruby T. Lomax from the John A. and Alan Lomax Collection Cover Story:In 1939 John and Ruby Lomax went on a three-month, 6,502-mile journey through the southern United States collecting folk songs. The fruits of their labors are now on-line at the Library's Web site. 196 \ - Russian Outreach:The Russian Leadership Program 184will bring 2,000 emerging political leaders from the Russian Federation to the United States to experience family, cultural and political life in America. 183 Fall Poetry:Readings from the Poet Laureate and other poets are on tap for the Library's fall literary season. 185 Library to Library:The relationship between the Library of Congress and the national library community is the subject of a "Bicentennial Background" article. 186 Reaching the Edge of the Frontier:Part 2 of coverage of the Library symposium "Frontiers of the Mind in the 21st Century." 188 187Juneteenth:John F. Callahan, literary executor of Ralph Ellison's estate, spoke at the Library on Ellison's two novels, Invisible Man and Juneteenth. 192 A Visit from the AALL:Law library professionals from across the United States came to the Library July 16 to strengthen their foreign law research skills. 194 Conservation Corner: The Library's conservation lab has nearly completed preservation of an invaluable collection of 36 pocket-size diaries that belonged to George Washington. 201 News from the Center for the Book 202 193 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov /today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 198 JOHNH. SAYERS, Production and Design 191 Open World Congress Sponsors Russian Leadership Program at Library

BY GAIL FINEBERG elected officials and active and emerg- Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), who ing political and civic leaders from all sponsored legislation authorizing jurisdictional levels national, re- the Library to spend $10 million for a gional, state, local and municipal. pilot "Open World" Russian Leader- "They will be as representative as pos- ship Program this summer, said on July sible of the breadth of the Russian Fed- 20 that he will seek congressional au- eration, geographically and demo- thorization to make the project perma- graphically, from Smolensk in the west nent and spend between $15 million to Kamchatka in eastern Siberia," Dr. and $20 million next year to bring up to Billington said. Of the 583 invited so 3,000 Russians to the United States. far, 562 have accepted invitations to Sen. Stevens, chairman of the Joint come to the United States, Dr. Billing- Committee on the Library and of the ton said. They represent 62 of the Senate Appropriations Committee, Russian Federation's 89 regions. said there is apparent congressional Sen. Stevens said a speech, "Six Re- support to expand the program and flections on the Russian Situation," make it permanent. that Dr. Billington gave this spring at The announcement came as Sen. the Aspen Institute persuaded several Stevens and Rep. Charles H. Taylor (R- Yuset members of Congress to support the N.C.), chairman of the House Legisla-Sen. Stevens said that Dr. Billing-Russian visitation program. Both Sen. tive Branch Appropriations Subcom-ton's speech on the future ofStevens and Rep. Taylor praised the mittee, and Dr. Billington announcedRussia persuaded Congress toLibrarian not only for his Library lead- the new program formally at a presssupport the program. ership but also his stature as a scholar conference in the Senate Appropria- and an expert in Russian government tions chamber of the Capitol. Dr. Billington said the program "is and political and cultural life. Dr. Billington, chairman of the Rus-based on an act of the U.S. Congress Dr. Billington announced that Aca- sian Leadership Program, participated and on the mutual desire of the peopledemician Dmitry Sergeevich Likha- in a similar news conference in Mos- of the United States and Russia, and ofchev, his longtime friend and "world- cow on July 19, the day before, whentheir governments, for goodwill andrenowned leading scholar of Russian he described the program as "one ofbetter understanding between our two literature and culture," has agreed to act the largest ever one-time visitationnations." as co-chairman of the program in Russia. programs to bring current and future Also speaking at the Washington James W. Symington, who was a Russian leaders to the United States." news conference was Yuri Ushakov,Missouri representative to the House In Moscow, Dr. Billington was joinedambassador of the Russian Federationfrom 1969 to 1977, is serving as execu- by U.S. Ambassador to Russia Jamesto the United States. He said he hopestive director of the new program. De- Collins and Dan E. Davidson of the the Russian Leadership Program willvoted to a life of public service, Mr. American Councils for International"lead to better relations between ourSymington served variously in the Education. two countries and our two peoples."U.S. Foreign Service, the White House The program will bring some 2,000 He said he hopes for "maximum open-as deputy director for Food for Peace, emerging political leaders fromness" during the Russians' visit. the Justice Department as an adminis- throughout the Russian Federation to "I am grateful to Dr. Billington andtrative assistant to Robert Kennedy the United States between now andall the members of Congress who ini-and in the State Department as chief of Sept. 30 to experience family, culturaltiated and supported this program,"protocol during the Johnson adminis- and political life in America. So far as Mr. Ushakov said. tration. He is past president of the possible, the Russians will be paired Dr. Billington said that the invitedAssociation of Former Members of with their political equivalents inRussian participants will includeCongress and chairman of the Ameri- towns and cities throughout can-Russian Cultural Coopera- the United States so they can 11111 NAIR Y MEW 0 NGRESS tion Foundation. witness firsthand the operation Mr. Symington thanked Con- of democratic institutions, the La gress for its support and intro- leaders explained. They noted g duced representatives from nu- that a number of members of merous organizations that are Congress are making arrange- ni [20 1 P finding American hosts for the ments for the Russians to visit visitors and corporate organiza- in their home districts as well tions that will support the effort. as in Washington. MORPAIEENMWMORIMILIIMA.- z1 Mr. Symington mentioned,

AUGUST 1999 183 292 Si0 or Vsci°

4-,Z * .T144.

1 :s:::;',,:K4, a democratic rule of law with substan- 11,..,,ip...4%,111..1+1Y 31 ..,,,,'111,1"4.:,1 ,4:. tial powers devolved to local governments, thereby legitimizing the path I, *1 l;,A4. they have been following in an uncer- ?eI:11' tain way up to this time." Dr. Billington noted that Russia still spans more than half of the territory of both Europe and Asia and contains roughly one-fifth of the world's untapped natural energy resources and a vast arsenal of deliverable weapons of mass destruction. Accordingly, he said, "The No. 1 foreign policy concern for U.S. interests should be the future of the core country within the former Soviet empire: Russia. But Russia has been and is being treated largely as a secondary or even ... third-echelon problem." \ Mr. Symington's vision for the program is to give the visiting Russians an opportunity to observe how the Yusef El-Amin American people govern themselves Dr. Billington briefs Sen. Stevens (standing, left) and others about theand meet their own needs at every importance of the Russian Leadership Program in the Senate Appro-level of government, starting at the priations chamber of the Capitol. local level with school boards, city councils and boards of county supervi- among others, the American Foreign By July 26, the first group of Russian sors; at the state level with legislatures Policy Council, the Appeal of Con-visitors was expected to have left and governors; and at the federal level. science Foundation, the Church ofMoscow for the United States, fol- Recalling former Speaker of the Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints,lowed by waves of 250 visitors everyHouse Tip O'Neill's opinion that "all Friendship Force, Meridian Interna-week thereafter, said Geraldine Otrem-politics is local," Mr. Symington said tional Center, the National Democraticba, who is serving as the program'she thinks it will help prospective Rus- Institute for International Affairs,full-time executive operating officer. sian leaders to see how Americans op- Peace Links, Rotary International, Rus- In the Aspen Institute address and aerate their schools, repair their roads sia Initiative, the General Board of Glo- subsequent speech at the U.S. Instituteand provide water, power and other bal Ministries of the United Methodist of Peace, Dr. Billington, an authority on essential services to their communities. Church and the Russian Ministry Net-Russia's culture and political life, "We want to show our Russian work of the Episcopal Church. He also stressed the importance of reaching outfriends and visitors how accountable mentioned the Council of Jewish to Russian leaders this summer. In the local government must be to the Federations, the Orthodox Church inDecember 1999, elections will be heldpeople, and how local government in- America, the Frank Russell Companyfor the Russian Duma the lowerterfaces with state and federal govern- of Takoma, Wash., and the U.S.-Russia house consisting of some 450 regionalments," Mr. Symington said. "The folks Business Council. representatives. In June 2000, the Rus-coming here will take back with them In May, Congress included funds forsian presidential election is scheduled.better information about America's the new program in the fiscal 1999Recalling the success of the Marshallself-governance at all levels." Emergency Supplemental Appropria-Plan in expending only 1.5 percent of He emphasized that American hosts tions Act (PL 106-31), which desig-its resources to bring young, futurecan learn from their Russian visitors nated the Library as the lead agencyleaders of Germany's federal democ-too. "Russia has a history of local gov- for the pilot phase of the program this racy to the United States to witness the ernment in some areas. It will be inter- year. The purpose of the Russian Lead-democratic process after World War II, esting to learn how their local gover- ership Program, according to authoriz-Dr. Billington said the United Statesnance has unfolded after an era of rigid ing legislation, is "to enable emerging"should take this wonderful opportu-control," Mr. Symington said, adding political leaders of Russia at all levelsnity to invite the entire political elite ofit is his impression that, following the of government to gain significant first-Russia to visit the United States." dissolution of the Soviet Union and the hand exposure to the American free- In his May 18 address on the state ofshift of control away from a central- market economic system and theU.S.-Russian relations, the Librarianized government, Russia's regions operation of American democratic in-said that Russia is at a crossroads. Rus- function with a greater degree of inde- stitutions through visits to govern-sians could either "revert to the historic pendence. "The people have had to ments and communities at comparablepattern of producing an autocracy attake on greater responsibility for their levels in the United States." the end of their time of troubles moreown lives, to meet their local needs in President Clinton signed the bill onabsolute and centralized than the pre-their own ways," he said. May 21, and the Library launched theexisting one," he said, or "they may be Local needs will affect national poli- program on May 24. able to solidify the formal structures ofcies. Mr. Symington said the new lead-

184 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 193 Fall Literary Season Poets Highlight Library Presentations

Three-time Poet Laureate Robert The three 1999 Witter Bynner Fel-work. Among them are Robert Penn 1 Pinsky will appear twice at thelows (Mr. Gewanter, Ms. McGrath andWarren, Robert Frost, Maxine Kumin Library for the fall literary season; onceMs. McHugh) were named by Mr. and Gwendolyn Brooks. The Favorite when he opens the series Oct. 7 atPinsky. The Witter Bynner Foundation Poem tapes of everyday people read- 6:45 p.m. in the Mumford Room, andis providing funding to the Librarying their favorite poems will be one of again on Nov. 10 when he will appearover a five-year period so that the in-the Library's Bicentennial birthday with three special poetry consultantscumbent Poet Laureate may choose"Gifts to the Nation." The Library will named by Dr. Billington. two or more poets each year to receive be 200 on April 24, 2000. On Nov. 10, the Library of Congressa fellowship. These fellowships are The Poetry and Literature Center, will present "Sharing the Gifts: Read-used to support the writing of poetry.which administers the poetry series ings by Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky;Only two things were asked of theis the home of the Poet Laureate Special Consultants Rita Dove, Louisefellows: that they organize a poetryConsultant in Poetry, a position that Gliick and W.S. Merwin; and 1999reading in their local areas and thathas existed since 1936, when the late Witter Bynner Fellows David Gewan-they participate in a poetry reading atphilanthropist Archer M. Huntington ter, Campbell McGrath and Heatherthe Library of Congress. endowed the Chair of Poetry at the McHugh." The readings will take The readings were part of the Favor-Library of Congress. Archibald Mac- place at 8 p.m. in the Coolidge Audito-ite Poem Project that Mr. Pinsky isLeish, who was Librarian from 1939 to rium on the ground floor of thespearheading as Poet Laureate. He is1944, determined the Consultant in Thomas Jefferson Building, 10 First St.currently selecting a broad cross sec-Poetry should be an annual appoint- S.E. Tickets are not required. tion of Americans reading their favor- ment. Since then, many of the nation's In preparation for the Bicentennialite poems aloud from the thousands ofmost eminent poets have served as of the Library of Congress in 2000, Dr. recordings that have been made across Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Billington in April announced a " once- the country. As part of the Library'sCongress and, after the passage of in-a-century" series of appointmentscelebration of its 200th birthday, Mr. Public Law 99-194 in 1985, as Poet Lau- for the Library's poetry program. Mr.Pinsky will present 200 video andreate Consultant in Poetry. Pinsky, the award-winning translator1,000 audio tapes of these Favorite Interpretingservices (American of The Inferno of Dante and a creativePoem readings to the Library. The pre- Sign Language, Contact Signing, Oral writing professor at Boston University,sentation will take place during a sym-and /or Tactile) will be provided if agreed to serve an unprecedentedposium on the reading, performancerequestedfivebusiness daysin third term as Poet Laureate Consultant and publication of poetry in the 19thadvance of the reading. Call (202) 707- in Poetry. In addition, the Librarian hasand 20th centuries on April 3-4, 2000. 6362 TTY and voice to make a specific named three Special Consultants to as- These readings will augment the exist-request. For other ADA accommoda- sist with the Bicentennial poetry pro-ing Archive of Recorded Poetry andtions, contact the Disability Employ- grams: former Poet Laureate Dove,Literature, which has recordings ofment office at (202) 707-9948 TTY and Ms. Gluck, and Mr. Merwin. 2,000 poets and authors reading their(202) 707-7544 voice. ers of Russia will have "huge decisionscratic views in an overbearing, pedan-of Serbian Yugoslavia, which has an- to make," such as how to set environ-tic way to their Russian guests. "Wegered many Russians, who identify mental policies that will balance local cannot expect them to replicate our ex-culturally with the Serbs. and regional needs with national and perience, but we can improve their un- Mr. Symington noted that polls indi- international interests. derstanding of our system and be opencated that Russian enthusiasm for the Alluding to Russia's post-authoritar-to learning about theirs," he said. United States had begun to wane, even ian decline in its standard of living and Mr. Symington said that Americansbefore NATO's campaign: "A few the decentralization of its economic in-and Russians must sit down with oneyears ago, when Russia was fresh out stitutions, Mr. Symington said, "Theiranother as friends to rediscover the af-of communist gridlock, there were resources are so slender and limited finities they have as people, "in order towarm feelings for the United States. that it is difficult for them to put intoremove any impression that the UnitedBut mistakes were made in trying to place a happy, growing political and States has any agenda that is inimical tojump-start the economy, followed by economic life. The Russian people havethe security of the Russian nation." misunderstandingsregardingthe had very tight belts during the past Dr. Billington and Mr. SymingtonNATO mission in the Balkans." decade or so; we have to respect the factboth said the congressional decision to He added: "We hope the Russian they have to make these decisions in anreach out to prospective Russian lead- visitors will recognize, at the very environment of shortage." ers at all levels of responsibility comes least, that public service is viewed in Mr. Symington said he is confidentat a critical time (1) before nationalthis country as an opportunity to im- that Americans participating in the pro-elections in December and next spring,prove the lives of ordinary people." gram will avoid expressing their demo- and (2) after NATO's recent bombing continued on page 187

AUGUST 1999 185 .2 34 n1r 0 0 e

Bicentennial Background The Library of Congress and the Library Community

BY JOHN Y. COLE niques and issues re- Tn his remarks on June 26 in Newlated to management 1 Orleans during the Opening Gen-and organization. When eral Session of the American Librarythe American Library Association's Annual Conference (see Association was created LC Information Bulletin, July 1999),in 1876, he agreed to Dr. Billington emphasized how theserve as an officer but Library's Bicentennial commemora-tried to avoid attending tion, through its theme "Libraries, the organizational meet- Creativity, Liberty" was a celebrationing "because I have al- of all libraries. The Library will beways entertained insu- 200 on April 24, 2000 (www.loc.gov/perable objectionsto bicentennial). figuring in conventions Today, service to other libraries is a(usually mere wordyAt the American Library Association's Annual vital Library of Congress function.outletsforimpracti-Conference in New Orleans, Dr. Billington talks Many people do not realize, however,cables and pretenders.)with retired Gen. Colin Powell following their pre- that the Library did not become directly Much has changedsentations at the opening session. Dr. Billington involved with the American librarysince then. spent two days at the conference, meeting with movement until the beginning of its All the Librarians oflibrarians and promoting the Library's Bicentennial. second century, during the early yearsCongress since Herbert of the administration of Librarian ofPutnam have viewed the librarythe Library of Congress's key role in Congress Herbert Putnam (1899-1939).community as a key Library of Con-promoting creativity in the preserva- Librarian Ainsworth Rand Spofford, gress constituency. The connections tion, organization and dissemination of who built the Library into a nationalwere especially close during the ad-much of the nation's recorded knowl- institution between 1864 and 1897, had ministrations of Librarians of Con-edge; and the Library's important role neither the time nor the inclination to gress Luther H. Evans (1945-1953) in the Jeffersonian sense of con- pay much attention to other libraries. and L. Quincy Mumford (1954-1974.)necting knowledge and information to He was too busy building the Ameri-Since the 1960s, when its interna-the responsibilities of citizenship in a cana collections and obtaining a sepa- tional activities expanded dramati-democracy. rate library building. An old-fashioned cally, the Library has become increas- Two key library projects have been book man, he also had mixed feelingsingly involved with libraries andthe development of a joint Library of about the emerging library "profes-librarianship around the world. Congress-ALA 12-page Tip Sheet for sion," which emphasized library tech- promoting libraries and building part- Libraries in the Bicentennial nerships and a Library of Congress

1.11"1"1, (11' (1° \11111'1S1"1 1 Commemoration Toolkit for libraries. Both were distrib- , ENNIAI.i A 1800 - :2000 Recognizing the need for sustaininguted at the ALA annual conference in solid relationships with the libraryNew Orleans and are available without community, the Bicentennial Steering charge from the Library of Congress by Committee asked various librarycalling (800) 707-7145 or (202) 707-2000 Celebratin g groups for advice on how best to in- or by e-mail: [email protected]. The Librari es volve libraries in the commemoration.Toolkit includes a colorful "Why Do C reatiity Seven leaders from different segmentsYou Love Libraries?" poster, a "Cel- of the American library community, forebrating America's Libraries" history 11a\ example, offered their suggestions infact sheet, a "What the Library of Con- San Francisco during a program at the gress Does for You" fact sheet, a stand- annual conference of the American Li-up guide to the Library of Congress's brary Association (ALA). Forums also American Memory collections and sign were held with other library groups,up sheets for several Bicentennial- including federal, research, state andrelated projects. urban library associations. The result Major Library of Congress Bicenten- was the adoption of the "Libraries, Cre- nial projects involving libraries include ativity, Liberty" Bicentennial theme."Beyond Words: Celebrating Ameri- The Steering Committee felt that this ca's Libraries," a national photo contest broad theme accurately encomitatietd sponsored by ALA and the Library of

186 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Congress (see LC Information Bulletin,McKinley nominated the ALA-backed July 1999); "John Bull and Uncle Sam: candidate, Boston librarian Herbert Four Centuries of British-AmericanPutnam, to be Librarian of Congress. Relations," a joint exhibition with the Two years later, Putnam was ready British Library that will open at theto add American libraries to the list of Library of Congress on Nov. 16, 1999;Library of Congress constituencies. "National Libraries of the World:During the 1901 ALA annual confer- 0 Interpreting the Past, Shaping theence, in a talk titled "What May Be Future," a symposium at the LibraryDone for Libraries by the Nation," he of Congress on Oct. 23-27, 2000; and a declared, "If there is any way in which symposium on library preservationour National Library may 'reach out' and security on Oct. 30-31, 2000. from Washington, it should reach out." By the end of the year, he had initiated Defining Moments a new classification system and pub- From Nov. 16 to Dec. 7, 1896, on thelished its first classification schedule, eve of the Library of Congress's move inaugurated the sale of Library of Con- from the U.S. Capitol building to itsgress printed cards to other libraries own separate structure (today's Jeffer- and established an interlibrary loan son Building), the U.S. Congress heldsystem. Additional services to libraries hearings about the Library's "condi-soon followed. tion" and future. Several professional The appointment and administra- librarians testified, some of them rep-tion of Herbert Putnam firmly linked resenting ALA. Witnesses includedthe policies of the Library of Congress Frances Benjamin Johnston Melvil Dewey, then director of thewith the broader interests of AmericanThe Library of Congress began New York State Library, and Herbertlibrarianship, particularly as those in-serving other libraries during Putnam, then the head of the Bostonterests were expressed by the Ameri-the administration of Librarian of Public Library. The hearings broughtcan Library Association. Congress Herbert Putnam. forth a richly detailed description of the Library's history and operationsJohn Cole is co-chair of the Library's Bicentennial Steering Committee and director from Librarian of Congress Spofford,of the Center for the Book. whose testimony fills 108 printed pages. Dewey and Putnam, represent- dent Ulysses S. Grant. The Grand ing the new library profession, testi- Russia continued from page 185 Duke visited 20 cities. In Boston, he fied about the desirable functions of an was treated to a dinner with Henry American national library. Both men Mr. Symington echoed the Librar-Wadsworth Longfellow and Oliver carefully avoided direct criticism of Wendell Holmes. He visited farms Spofford, but nonetheless their view ian's belief that the United States of the proper functions of a national and Russia should forge an allianceand industrial Midwestern cities, library clearly differed from those of for peace. "Since the devolution ofsuch as Cleveland and Chicago, and he went all the way to South Dakota, the Librarian of Congress. republics from Russia, Russia has emerged intact, with a great deal ofwhere he hunted buffalo with Putnam wholeheartedly endorsed Generals Custer and Sheridan and Dewey's description of the desirable remaining diversity. I have always role of a national library as "a center to felt Russia and the United States Buffalo Bill Cody. should work together in the interest Mr. Symington said the Russian which the libraries of the whole coun- government was so enthusiastic try can turn for inspiration, guidance of the world," Mr. Symington said. "As we enter the 21st century, weabout his idea for the cultural and practical help, which can be ren- exchange that, instead of giving dered so economically and efficiently have a fresh chance for world peace that can begin with a solid relation-U.S. tours for Russians, his founda- in no other possible way." Centralized tion found itself in the position of cataloging, interlibrary loan, a national ship with Russia." reference and bibliographic center, a Although he had planned "a moresponsoring a traveling exhibition of serene summer than Jim BillingtonRomanov treasures to five U.S. national union catalog and a center for felt the international exchange of research had in mind for me," Mr. Syming-cities. "That was fine, but I materials were among the needed ton said he could not resist thesomewhat unfulfilled with the functions described by both men. Librarian's invitation to help withchange of focus," Mr. Symington recalled. "So, when Jim said he had On June 30,1897, President McKinley this project, which fit with an idea nominated a former journalist and dip- Mr. Symington had for the Ameri-cultivated this miraculous congres- lomat, John Russell Young, to be the can-Russian Cultural Cooperationsional interest in a Russian Leader- new Librarian of Congress. When he Foundation three years ago, of invit- ship Program and asked me if I took office on July 1, Young named the ing "the new meritocracy of Russia" would help, I said, 'Sure.'" 72-year old Spofford as chief assistant to replicate a U.S. visit in 1871 that Ms. Fineberg is editor of the librarian. Young died in office on Jan. 17, the Grand Duke Alexis, the fourth 1899, and after much political maneu- son of Alexander H, made in re-Library's staff newspaper, The vering and several false starts, President sponse to ari invitation from Presi-Gazette. .

I 187 AUGUST 1999 BEST COPY AVA1LA E 196 0

`Frontiers of the Mind' Scholars Survey the Present and Assay the Future

Following is the second of two articles cov-faith and does not seek to grasp theand there are those dispensed by the ering events from the Library's first Bicen-reins of political power. Rather, the media and those popularly practiced.... tennial symposium. Part 1 (see LC Infor-church "seeks to create a culture." "Decisions of appellate courts often mation Bulletin, July 1999) reported on Mohammed Arkoun from the Uni-reflect the ideals generally enough ac- the first day of the conference, June 15; this versity of Paris gave a spirited presen- cepted to be enforced and in some cases article reports on the June 16 and June 17tation of the need to reconceptualize to be practiced. They serve me here as proceedings. The symposium was madethe relationships between Islam andindicators of the measures in use, as possible through the generosity of thethe West, building upon the intellectualbenchmarks of the changes." American Academy of Achievement andand liberating traditions of Islamic In her commentary, Christine Kors- the Heinz Foundation. thought rather than solely upon the re-gaard of Harvard University discussed cent "fundamentalist" assertions of Is- the dead end into which the linguistic BY GUY LAMOLINARA AND lamic polities. approaches of the midcentury had CRAIG D'OOGE Michael Fish-taken moral philosophy. She then dis- rr he "Frontiers of the Mind in the bane of the Uni-cussed some of the newer approaches 1 21st Century" symposium offered versity of Chicagoof the past 20 years, which have led to a program no less ambitious on days explored the lay- a vigorous revival of moral concerns as 2 and 3, as more disciplines were dis- ers of historicala central focus of philosophy. cussed in past and present terms. and textual criti- The afternoon Chair George Rupp, president of cism of the Biblesession's chair, Columbia University, said, "There are developed duringDennis O'Connor wonderful baskets of knowledge" to the 20th centuryof the Smithson- be discussed June 16, "and there are in his discussionianInstitution, connections between them: "Religion of canonical texts. dispensedwith and the State," "Canonical Texts" and Michael "For as the pur-any remarks and "Moral Philosophy." Fishbane pose of studymoved directly to Cardinal Francisshifted from the resources of sacredan introduction of George, archbish-Scripture to sponsor religious life andMarcia K. McNutt opofChicago,thought to its role as a source of histori- of the Monterey provided a "faith -cal information and traces of an ancientBay Aquarium Re- Greg Pio based critique ofpolity, the self was cut loose from a ca- search Institute. Marcia McNutt modernity," dur-nonical core and cast upon new paths." She began with an overview of what ing which time Mary Douglas of the University ofwas known about Earth in 1900, and freedom has be-London extended the subtle discussionthen stated: come "divorced"inaugurated by Mr. Fishbane to other "What it is even more impressive to from truth. Ac-kinds of textual canons. She mirroredreflect on is how much of what is now cording to Cardi-his hope that, following the dogma-established in Earth sciences was not Cardinal nal George, thetisms of deconstruction, a more bal-known at the dawn of the 20th cen- Francis George"fruits of this greatanced sense of the relationships be-tury." For example, "It was thought divorce" in Amer-tween a text, with all its historical that mountains rose and seas subsided ica are "the millions of abortions annu-layerings, and the reader, who brings toin response to vertical forces of un- ally, the divorce of human reproduc-it a number of contemporary assump-specified internal origin that reshaped tion from the embrace of human love, tions, could be achieved. the planet." It was also thought that the the increased application of the death "Moral Philoso- world was only 25 million years old, penalty, the practice of euthanasia, thephy" was broached "despite geological evidence to the conviction that the hopelessly handi-by John T. Noonan contrary." capped are better off dead, the seem-Jr. of the U.S. Court Frank Press, former director of the ingly indiscriminate and sometimesof Appeals for the National Academy of Sciences, laid out disproportionate use of the military,Ninth Circuit. Ac- in his commentary the governmental the gun violence in the streets of ourcordingtoMr. policies that made possible the tremen- cities and the corridors of our schools.Noonan, "Morals dous advances in scientific under- ... what the pope has called 'the cul-are expressed at standing outlined by Ms. McNutt. ture of death. differentlevels. Wallace S. Broecker of Columbia Yet, it should not be assumed that theThere are thoseJohn Noonan University discussed the connection Roman Catholic Church advocates cre-articulated by ad- between the pattern of ocean circula- ation of a theocracy. "Nothing could be vanced moralists, there are those em-tion and climate. Although in 1906 it further from the truth," the cardinalbodied in law on the books and thosewas proposed that changes in ocean said. The church opposes "coerced"actually enforced by the legal system,circulation "went hand-in-hand with 188 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 197 ...climate cycles ... it was not until 80possible to perform suc- years had passed that this idea re-cessive operations not ceived full recognition." only on letters but also "Clear evidence exists that circula-on natural numbers and tion changes did accompany and per-other sequences of dis- haps even trigger the abrupt climatecrete symbols" as being changes that punctuated the last pe-one of the major devel- riod of glaciation." opments in the history His dire prediction: "Were green-of semiotics. house gases to continue upward along He then compared their business-as-usual course, late inthe study of natural sci- the next century yet another reorgani-ences and semiotics by zation of the ocean's circulation systemusing a simple example: Just as in an alpha- might be triggered." Pat Fisher Bert Bolin of the Research Institute betic system, where sen- The Library's CoolidgeAuditorium was the in Stockholm placed the climate andtences contain words of the Mind" sympo- current circulation patterns into thesuch as nouns, the ele-venue for the "Frontiers longer historical alternations of icements contain compo-slum, June 15-17. ages and deglaciations, confirming thenents such as atoms. accelerating trends apparent at the end Thus, "in a way, an important part ofKwabena Nketia of this century. natural science can be interpreted asfrom the Univer- A no less gloomy outlook was prof- similar to crypto-sity of Ghana. fered by Peter H. Raven of the Mis- graphic work." The day's final souri Botanical Garden, who noted Music, anotherpresenterwas that the world's population has more disciplinecon- PoetLaureate than tripled in this century. With that , cerned with theRobertPinsky, increase, "the level of consumption in interpretation ofwhose Bicenten- the industrialized world has risen to symbolsin this nial project, Fa- heights undreamed of just a few de- case, notes wasvorite Poem, is cades ago." the topic ofrecording citizens N. Alicia Byers He also told how humans are using Pat Fisher Charles Rosen, aacross the coun- Robert approximately 45 percent of "the total Vyacheslav music historiantry reading their Pinsky net biological productivity on land and Ivanov and concert pia-favorite poems. using more than half of the availablenist, who expressed dismay with theHis remarks supported his belief that fresh water." state of musical performance today:poems are most poignant when they The 10 billion people who will be ontoo few concerts are held, especially in are read aloud. the planet by 2050, up from the currentsmall towns. He did note, however, "The medium of [poetry] is the body 6 billion, "will clearly have an increas-that more people today are able to hear of the audience and the breath of the ingly difficult time" maintaining themusic than ever before. "The publicpoem is whoever reads it." current standards of living, much lessperformance of music is a recent phe- It is this "vocality" of poetry that "achieving the lofty goals that our his-nomenon," whereby people purchasegives it its strength, Mr. Pinsky empha- torical progress seems to have madetickets to hear music in a public venue. sized, before reading three of his favor- available to us." Most of the music of the 19th centuryite poems. Robert Watson of the World Bankand before was intended for "private The final day's discussion ranged Group spoke from his experience inperformance," he said; that is, it wasfrom economics to a session on inter- many parts of the developing worldperformed upon request for a specificnational relations and foreign policy. about the great difficulties of sustain-purpose. Michael Woodford's views on the ing agricultural lands and water use One of the most lively discussions ofgreatest achievements in economics of unless some fundamental social andthe conference involved the study ofthe last hundred years can be neatly economic patterns could be modified music during the 20th century. Was thesummarized in three words: John through the participation of many mil-term "ethnomusicology," originallyMaynard Keynes. With the publication lions of people. coined because "musicology" was lim-of Keynes's General Theory in 1936, the Mr. Gifford chaired the afternoon'sited to the study of European music,field of macroeconomics was born, final session, in which he predicted "the necessary any longer? Has the pointas distinguished from the field of metaphors of science presented in thenot been reached where music frommicroeconomics, which was already previous sessions would be reflected inall parts of the globe interpenetrated,well-established by the turn of the cen- the discussions of culture," specifically so that "musicology" should be ex- tury. Mr. Woodford saw Keynes's con- semiotics, music and poetry. tended to the music of the world?tribution primarily as one of providing Vyacheslav V. Ivanov of the Univer-Could this be done without compa-a methodology that made possible the sity of California at Los Angelesrable historical and critical materials,creation of quantitative econometric pointed to the "shift from the logo-such as had been available for schol-models by mid-century. The models, in graphic representation of words to thearship on European music? Mr.turn, influenced government policies later alphabetic principle that makes itRosen discussed these issues withand proved to be of practical value in AUGUST 1999 133 189 1 * O p VA/4 'Viral or *7 ylbCSS designing economic instruments andthat have been reserved for micro- its permeability, borrowing and institutions such as the Internationaleconomic theory such as labor, devel-lending from other disciplines "shame- Monetary Fund and the World Bank. opment and finance. lessly"; and Mr. Woodford acknowledged that Finally, Mr. Woodford hoped for a its continual "quest for itself" as a the notion that there has been progressbetter understanding of "expectationdiscipline. at all in the field of economics mightformation" in the coming century, He then listed three trends in sociol- itself be controversial, particularlybased on the supposition that as theogy this century, beginning with a when its "shortcomings" were so dra- speed of information increases, society "solid accumulation" of knowledge matically highlighted by runaway in-can model expectations based on thebased on empirical fact, followed by inflation in the 1960s and 1970s. But hepremise that, more often than not, ternal differentiation of the field often defended Keynes against the chargepeople generally understand theircentered around changing social prob- that he was responsible for this state ofenvironment correctly. lems and, finally, certain historical affairs, calling such notions as bigger In his response, Robert Solow of the "pulsations" in the field as it responded deficits are better "vulgarizations" ofMassachusetts Institute of Technologyto the growth of other fields, important Keynesian theory that were spread bysought to explain why the field ofbooks, the "great undoing" of the politicians, not economists. macroeconomics is so controversial. 1960s, and the collapse of Marxist soci- At any rate, by the '70s economistsOf the three reasons he identified, heology since that time. learned that the rate of inflation thatcalled "ideology" the least important, For the future, Mr. Smelser sketched people have come to expect is related to saying that the academic system gener-out five areas that he termed both pre- the inflation they get and that it is notally has worked to keep ideology fromdictions and needs: new theories and enough merely to keep output frommasquerading as science. Far more im-research on human bonding in a overshooting potential. Economics, Mr. portant, Mr. Solow suggested, was themodern world of "hypermobility," ex- Woodford explained, was more com-"reality" that economic studies con-panded communications and other fac- plicated than rocket science because the stantly change. Economic structurestors; a new synthesis of knowledge direction of a missile does not dependare not immutable, but change with theabout human diversity in light of re- on the missile's conjectures about whattimes. The concept of "rational expecta- cent research in other fields such as is being done to it. tions" is an attempt to get around this psychology, linguistics or genetics; new Considerations such as this led to afact. The final reason economics is con-knowledge about inequality in light of type of "new practical economics" in troversial is related to the second. Un-changes in occupational structures and the mid- to late 1970s that was one oflike other fields, say astronomy, eco- the gender revolution in the workplace; three major critical assaults uponnomics does not have a long run ofnew directions in the macro social sci- Keynesian economics this century, as stationary conditions to study. ences due to internationalization of the identified by Mr. Woodford. These as- Mr. Solow basically agreed with Mr.world and the change from the nation- saults, in his view, did not overthrowWoodford, but reserved a few differ-state as the fundamental unit of re- the basis for mainstream economic ences for himself. Economists, for ex-search; and a look at the impact of no- theory so much as create a new synthe- ample, tend to identify themselves astions of sustainability in relation to the sis that restored elements of Keynesianeither Keynesian or not and this accep-drive for economic prosperity. theory that had been "truncated." Thetance or rejection of "the whole pack- Daniel Bell of other two assaults were the mone-age" stifles innovation. Keynes's con- Harvard Univer- tarism of the '60s and '70s along with tribution was a more dynamic view of sityresponded something called "real business cycle the economy; he did not see it as neces- by describing his theory" in the 1980s that allowedsarily moving toward equilibrium after views on how economists to model potential outputan initial disturbance. Keynes thought the social struc- along with deviation from potential. that a process might move away from ture has changed The field was left "a lot healthier" asequilibrium and never get back, Mr. in the past 200 a result, according to Mr. Woodford, Solow said. years, focusing on giving the field a stronger conceptual Neil Smelser of three questions: framework that will help keep govern- the Center for Daniel Bell How was it ment policy on a safe course, away Advanced Study that economics from disasters such as a depression or in the Behavioral detached itself from the lives of people? hyperinflation. Sciences took onWhy did capitalism arise in the West Looking to the future, Mr. Woodford sociologynext,and not elsewhere? and How does one identified three areas he would like to listing four things conceptualize these changes? see progress in his field. that were particu- For the future, Mr. Bell said there The first is a return to work on struc- lar to the field: would be continued political fragmen- tural econometric models that are now the way so-tation, not just as a result of the fall of relatively "unfashionable" because of ciology tends tocommunism, but also from newly their failure in the 1960s to fulfill what John Sheretz fuse with each emerging political voices in places such he called "extravagant" hopes that Neil Smelser person's percep-as Scotland and Wales. At the same were made for them. tion, based on his time, he also noted a kind of retreat into The second is to apply recent devel-or her own circumstances; "primordial identity" as well as a mis- opments in theory to the task of inte- its "multiparadigmatic" match of scale in the components of grating macroeconomics into fieldscharacter; modern society that can lead to trouble.

190 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Ward Good-mants" become "col- enough of thelaborators."

1 University of In the afternoon, PennsylvaniaManuel Caste lls of the spoke next onUniversity of Califor- anthropology,nia at Berkeley gave a which hede-summary of the paper scribed as thehe had prepared for a studyoftheconference on the cul- AIL"whole humanture of cities. As more story who weand more people live Ward are and how wein metropolitan areas, Goodenough got that way." AsMr. Castells noted the \\. such, anthropology is less of a social paradox of cities fading Pat Fisher science and more like a natural science, away as cultural forces,Director of Scholarly Programs Prosser Gifford, especially when paired with the explo-largely because of massSen. Paul Sarbanes, former Rep. Lee Hamilton, sion of our understanding of humancommunicationandSen. Richard Lugar and Dr. Billington evolution as the result of technical in-globalization. novations in the field of archaeology, "Can we enter an urban age withoutsecond, with a "peta PC" available by for example. cities?" he asked. Citing his own re- 2030 capable of 1,000 trillion operations At the beginning of this century,search, Mr. Caste lls said that if informa- per second. there was no dating system, buttion is power, then cities become mag- "How will all this available com- carbon-14 dating led to a revolution innets. Yet at the same time the newputer power change the way we live anthropology the same way that theeconomic architecture is made up notand work?" Mr. Reddy asked. electron microscope made possible theof places but of networks that lead to Many things will stay the same, but field of molecular biology. decentralization. "Edge cities," such asthere will be profound changes in the He called for a greater attention to-the Bay Area of San Francisco are be-way we learn, work and obtain health ward the description, cataloging andcoming more important, and often in-care. By 2010 he predicted that 4 study of basic human activities, forclude rural areas that function as oneterabytes of disk memory will be avail- these are the arenas in which the indi-market. This can lead to a mismatch inable for about $50. This would enable vidual develops language and thinking. political control, as local jurisdictionsstorage of several million books as well Laura Nader of strain to cope with unfamiliar larger is-as a lifetime of one's favorite music the University of sues. At the same time, spatial segrega-and movies. California at Ber- tion between rich and poor is at an all All aspects of commerce will change keley took issue time high, as all over the world, fromas result of this, Mr. Reddy said. Cus- with Mr. Good- Bogota to Cairo, gated communities are tomers will be able to buy things at any enough's empha- springing up, further weakening citiestime, anywhere. Companies will be sis on the impor- as systems of social communication. forced to compete globally and make tance of technol- Two professors from Carnegie Mellonfast adjustments to marketing strate- ogy in driving University next discussed the historygies. Learning will be transformed, as changes in the and future of computers. Raj Reddyeach person will be able to use a com- field, which she Pat Fisher started by reminding the audience thatputer in a way that best serves his or saw as evolving Laura Nader 100 years ago, a "computer" meant aher individual learning style, with through a broad- person who performed laborious hand"translating telephones" conquering ening of perspectives, particularlycalculations. He then led the audiencelanguage barriers and things such as centered around the study of powerthrough a quick history of the computer,voice e-mail and video e-mail erasing relationships and unlocking biasesfrom the theoretical model first pro-the distinction between computer within the profession. posed in the 1930s, to the construction of "haves" and "have-nots." "The world is messier than wethe machine that cracked the German Michael Shamos then got up and de- thought," she said, "and it can only be"Enigma" code in World War II, toclared books obsolete and inefficient made coherent if we leave out power." the development of today's World"cocoons for carrying information." With reference to many differentWide Web, first predicted by FranklinUsing his laptop computer to race anthropological studies, from BolivianRoosevelt's science adviser 50 years ago. through the numbers with a clearly tin mines to the study of menopause inMr. Reddy then showed a chart that ex- uncomfortable audience, Mr. Shamos Japan, Ms. Nader described how thetrapolated an exponential growth input forth his own "modest proposal" epistemology of anthropology has ex-computing power in the near future. to eliminate books altogether for a one- panded to include many different areas "By the year 2000, we will see a 'giga time cost of about $1 billion, as com- of human behavior, even to the pointPC'," he said, "capable of performingpared to the current $6 billion per year of asking whether Western ways of1 billion operations per second, with it costs to house them. This sparked a knowing can provide humans with thea billion bits of memory for underlively discussion among the panelists truth. For the 21st century she sees $2,000." about the social, political and eco- a greater emphasis on synthesis, as By 2016, he predicted a "tera PC," nomic consequences of such an action. people who used to be merely "infor-capable of 1 trillion operations per continued on page 193

AUGUST 1999 191 20 0 , Juneteenth Ralph Ellison Editor Speaks at Library

BY YVONNE FRENCH Inhis Library research, Mr. iiirrhere've been a heap of June- Callahan discovered two different teenths gone by and there'll endings to Invisible Man in the be a heap more before we're free.' Ellison papers. One omits the fa- That's what [Ralph] Ellison was mous final phrase 'Who knows, but saying to every one of us." that, on the lower frequencies, I So said his literary executor, John speak for you?' F. Callahan, on June 30 during the "Because the manuscripts are second of two consecutive stand- open to scholars, readers can mar- ing-room-only Library of Congress vel over the genesis of the improvi- lectures about Ralph Ellison and sation that allowed him to take the his two novels, Invisible Man and leap from the good and promising Juneteenth, whose main character, novel to a great one," said Mr. the Rev. Alonzo Hickman, utters the Callahan. above words. Mr. Callahan also relied heavily Mr. Callahan painstakingly as- upon the Ellison papers in the sembled Ellison's unfinished novel, Library's Manuscript Division to Juneteenth, using the Ellison papers edit Juneteenth down from more in the Library's Manuscript Divi- than 2,000 manuscript pages to sion. He discussed the long-awaited N. Alicia Byers 350, he told the Books and Beyond novel at the second of two back-to- John Callahan audience. back literary evenings. The first, a The Books & Beyond series, spon- June 29 Bradley Lecture, was aboutAmerican novels since World War II.sored by the Center for the Book in the Ellison's first novel Invisible Man. TheIt is a powerful classic that, accordingLibrary of Congress, features authors second, a June 30 Books and Beyondto Mr. Callahan, "compels others toof recent books that are related to the Lecture, was about Ellison's posthu-see their reality through the prism ofLibrary's collections or programs. mous novel, Juneteenth, edited by Mr. African American experience." Also speaking at the Books and Be- Callahan and published June 19 by Mr. Callahan used the notes, type-yond lecture was Alice Birney of the Random House. scripts, computer printouts and disksManuscript Division. She said that as a The title refers to June 19, 1865, when that Ellison bequeathed to the Library toliterary manuscript specialist she has Union troops arrived in Galveston,prepare the Bradley lecture, which willworked with many biographers, edi- Texas, to tell slaves there that they also be published in pamphlet form. tors and other scholars to further their were free some 21/2 years after Presi- The Bradley Lecture series, man-research and produce books, essays, dent Lincoln had issued the Emancipa-aged by the Office of Scholarly Pro-articles and broadcasts. tion Proclamation. The event becamegrams, is made possible by a grant known as Juneteenth and has beenfrom the Lynde and Harry Bradley celebrated by many African Ameri-Foundation of Milwaukee to bring cans ever since. eminent scholars to the Library to dis- RALPH Ellison (1914-1994) had been tocuss texts of great historical impor- several Juneteenth celebrations, ortance to social and political thought. "rambles," when he was growing up "The papers and notes made the ELLISON in the Midwest, wrote Mr. Callahancomposition of the novel visible. It in the introduction to the book. "Thewas a seven-year process," said Mr. delay, of course, is symbolic ac-Callahan. It is a mistake to think it was knowledgment that liberation is thecoherent in his mind when his fingers Juneteentk never-ending task of self, group andtyped that first sentence" 'I am an in- nation, and that, to endure, liberationvisible man.' must be self-achieved and self- He continued: "The metaphor for achieving," he wrote. "In his novel... invisibility is apt for African Ameri- Ellison speaks of false as well ascans, Americans and humans in the true liberation and of the couragelast two-thirds of the 20th century.... required to tell the difference." The character, because of his irreduc- Ellison published his first novel,ible individuality, would become an Invisible Man, in 1952. It won theunmistakable type of a black Ameri-

American Book Award and today it iscan and no less, no less," he empha- THE AuT HOR OF Lli:L.L5.1B.LE_11611 considered one of the most significantsized, "an American."

192 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 201 0

"But never [have I worked on] any-have a sense of what jazz moments are thing as exciting as the emergenceall about." Ellison himself had origi- from out of reams of chaotic scribblednally trained as a musician. papers, of the long-awaited second Wrote Mr. Callahan in the introduc- novel of Ralph Ellison," said Ms.tion: "Juneteenth draws from uniquely Birney. Archivists "sorted hundreds ofAfrican American (and American) cartons of papers into seven intellectu-tributaries: sermons, folktales, the ally coherent series, presently housedblues...the swing and velocity of jazz. in 76 acid-free boxes and 32 flat con-Through its pages flow the influences tainers. They spent more than sixof literary antecedents and ancestors, months arranging the multiple, over-among them Twain and Faulkner ... lapping, handwritten and typed epi-Above all, perhaps, in this novel sodes and drafts" of Juneteenth, Ms.Ellison converses with Faulkner." Birney said. "Because he never settled One lecture-goer said to Mr. on a final title, in the register we had toCallahan, in reference to the condensed Ralph Ellison call it "'The Hickman Novel. Juneteenth and the planned publication Mr. Callahan read three powerfulby Random House of a more extensivetury Black Fiction and essays on African passages from the novel, which is aboutscholarly edition, "Ellison was con-American writers and his friends a race-baiting Northern white senatorstructing a marvelous puzzle. I can'tMichael S. Harper, Alice Walker and (Bliss / Adam Sunraider) who waswait to read the actual papers." Ellison His Modern Library edition of raised by a rural Southern black minis- When Mr. Callahan was not at work inThe Collected Essays of Ralph Ellison ter and former jazz musician (Rev.the Manuscript Division in Washington, was published by Random House in Hickman) and renounces him and hishe was in Portland, Ore., where he is a 1995. Flying Home and Other Stories, people. He is later shot on the floor ofhumanities professor at Lewis and Clarkwhich collected for the first time the Senate as he makes a speech. College. Mr. Callahan is well known forEllison's short fiction written between Mr. Callahan described the novel as his work in American and African 1937 and 1954, was published in 1996. a jazz narrative. "To get fully conver-American literature. His numerous pub- sant with it you have to keep to the lications include In the African-American Ms. French is a public affairs specialist rhythm, as Hickman tells Bliss, andGrain: The Pursuit of Voice in 20th Cen- in the Public Affairs Office.

Frontiers "We live at a time where every coun- Asserting Americans "unilaterally" continued from page 191 try believes we are the key player into solve these problems is risky and every spot on the globe," he said. misguided, he said, and threatens to In the last session of the conference, Without "active and generous" lead- cause a return to a form of Cold War Dr. Billington chaired a session on inter- ership from the United States, the globallogic in which "the enemy of my enemy national relations and foreign policysystem does not hold together, he as-is my friend." The United States does with former Rep. Lee Hamilton and serted. Such leadership in foreign affairs not appropriate enough money for in- Sens. Richard G. Lugar (R-Ind.) andmust come from the president, with ternational affairs, the budget for which Paul S. Sarbanes (D-Md.). Sen. Lugar"intervention" the most important andis down 50 percent in real terms since saw three major challenges on the hori-most difficult decision a chief executive 1985, the senator said. Instead of capi- zon for American foreign policy. Ironi-has to make. Where American intereststalizing on trends toward greater de- cally, the end of the Cold War has madeare important, but not vital, Mr. Hamil- mocracy and open markets throughout the world a more dangerous place. ton advocated collective security withthe world, America is reducing its dip- "It is difficult to believe that weother nations, while not forgetting thatlomatic presence and cutting programs. won't have a nuclear weapon ex-the president must persuade the Ameri- "We have failed to appropriate ploded in the coming decade," he said.can people to accept such responsibili-sufficient resources for international The second major challenge is to feedties before moving forward. diplomacy since the fall of the Berlin the rapidly expanding population of Sen. Sarbanes extended Mr. Hamil-Wall," the senator said. the world. Three times as much foodton's argument, warning against the Sen. Sarbanes said the United States on the same acreage will be needed totwin dangers of isolationism andmust work through organizations such meet the demands of the next 50 years.unilateralism. Global connections have as the United Nations to find collabora- Finally, Sen. Lugar advocated a "Greengiven an international dimension even tive solutions to problems, so that others Revolution" in energy, urging the gov-to domestic issues. The greatest threatsfeel they are participants and not just ernment to invest in the developmentto U.S. security are not from foreign imposed upon by American judgment. of biotechnologies that can convert ag- invasion or the loss of basic freedoms,He ended his remarks with a quote from ricultural residues into cheap fuel suchSen. Sarbanes argued, but "trans-Harry Truman warning against the dis- as ethanol. national" problems such as economicillusionment and skepticism that could Lee Hamilton, who now heads thestagnation, environmental degrada-lead to a loss of faith in the effectiveness Woodrow Wilson International Centertion, the spread of diseases, the prolif- of international cooperation. for Scholars, focused on the way ineration of weapons of mass destruc- which the United States has become ation, terrorism, drugs and the abuse ofMr. D'Ooge is media director in the Public key participant throughout the world. human rights. Affairs Office. AUGUST 1999 202 193 z Focus on Foreign Law AALL Conference Workshop Held at Library

BY ANGELA BELLIN fifty -four law library professionals I: from across the United States came to the Library of Congress July 16 to strengthen their foreign law research skills. They attended a workshop, "Meet the Legal Specialists: Expert Advice on Research and Acquisitions of Foreign Law in the Vernacular (Advanced)." The workshop, held in the National Digital Library Learning Center, was part of the American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) 92nd annual conference. The workshop began with a welcome by Law Librarian Rubens Medina, who stated that the goal of the workshop was to strengthen the working relationships between law libraries N. Alicia Byers and the Law Library of Congress andThe workshop took place in the Library's National Digital Library Learn- that the Library of Congress staffing Center. Among the participants were (front row, from left): Stephen members were "very delighted" toWiles and Silke Sahl of the Harvard Law School Library, comparing share their expertise with AALL mem-notes with Jean Davis of the Brooklyn Law School Library. bers, many of whom had already attended a session that morning onthe United States constitution servedIslamic law. Further complicating legal how to obtain detailed, pertinent andas a model for Australia's charter. Mr.research in Arab law is the use of both timely foreign law information. Shroff presented an on-line tour oftraditional and Western-based laws. Foreign and International Law Li- several useful Web sites on Australian"Reform of the law is an ongoing pro- brarian Amber Lee Smith of the Loslaw and stated that Australian lawcess everywhere; no less so in the Arab Angeles County Law Library moder-has taken the lead in making its legalstates whose legal modernization is ated the morning session. Ms. Smithinformation freely available via theneither complete nor uniform. What- explained that in winter 1993 theInternet. ever the share of Islamic law today AALL joined with the Library of Con- Wendy Zeldin, senior legal researchin the Arab legal systems (roughly gress for a "nuts and bolts" workshopanalyst, outlined the current politicalspeaking 25 to 30 percent), this share geared toward law library profession-and court structure of China. She ob-is bound to diminish as a distinct als without previous international-law served that there have been manyfactor with new statutory enactments research experience. This year's work-changes in the past 20 years, includingcontinuously generated by changing shop was designed to "instruct and in-an "explosion in law-related publica-social and economic conditions and form, using sources and techniques fortions." Ms. Zeldin demonstrated howglobal developments" he said. research and acquisition in the nativeto access top Chinese-law Web sites, After welcoming AALL guests in language," said Ms. Smith. offering both bilingual and vernacularHebrew, Senior Legal Specialist Ruth The first half of the workshop con-examples. Levush detailed major features of sisted of presentations by Law Library Senior Legal Specialist Nicole Atwill Israel's legal system and explained staff. Western Law Division Chiefnoted similarities between the French traditional legal sources as well as new Kersi Shroff spoke briefly on the his-and U.S. political structure and history,electronic sources. Ms. Levush said, tory and current structure of law insuch as the 1789 revolution and an "The Israeli legal system belongs to the Australia. He described Australia as aemphasis on the principle of separa-Western legal culture, which is based constitutional monarchy with Queention of powers. Ms. Atwill also ex-on the rule of law and takes a secular, Elizabeth II as head of state. There is anplained the general features of theliberal and rational approach that puts ongoing debate on whether AustraliaFrench legal system, including the hi-the individual at center." should become a republic and removeerarchy of laws and the history of the Senior Legal Specialist Peter Roudik this provision from its constitution. Itcodification of laws. concluded the morning session with is thought that this may occur in time Senior Legal Specialist George Sfeirhis presentation on Russian law. Even for the constitution's centennial cel-noted that there are currently no though current Russian law is a rela- ebration in January 2001. He noted thatadequate Web sites for researchers oftively new field, Mr. Roudik navigated

194 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 203 V This year's American Associa- tion of Law Libraries (AALL) Annual Meeting and Conference began with the Law Library's preconference workshop on foreign law (see main story). On July 18 the Bureau of Na- tional Affairs Inc. (BNA) sponsored the Opening Reception in the Great Hall of the Thomas Jefferson Building. Representing Dr. Billington was Chief of Staff Jo Ann Jenkins, with Law Librar- ian Rubens Medina, AALL Presi- N. Alicia Byers dent James S. Heller and BNA Members of the faculty, all staff members of the Law Library (from President Paul Wojcik. left): Wendy Zeldin, senior legal research analyst, with senior legal On July 20 and 21 the Law specialists Peter Roudik and Ruth Levush. Library sponsored a series of programs and tours, specially several pertinent Web sites. room computers. designed for AALL members, After a question-and-answer session The latter portion of the workshop to announce new services and moderated by Ms. Smith, the work-focused on helpful Library back- products as well as to illustrate shop adjourned to the Montpelierground information, detailing areas the Law Library's traditional Dining Room for lunch, where severalwithin the Law Library. dual roles as a congressional and presenters responded to the question, Mark Strattner, legal collection de- a national law library. Demon- "Can these on-line references be usedvelopment specialist, spoke on "Ac- strations of the Web-based Glo- in court?" The consensus of the pre-quiring Books from Foreign Jurisdic- bal Legal Information Network senters was that, in general, on-linetions: Purchase, Exchange, Gift and (GUN) and "A Century of Law- references cannot be used in U.S.Library Overseas Offices." He focused making for a New Nation: U.S. courts. Similar sentiments were alsoon the challenges of acquiring com- Congressional Documents and expressed about using English transla-paratively expensive books for a non- Debates 1774-1873," which won tions in court. Ms. Zeldin cautionedprofit agency. the AALL 1999 Award for she would be "leery," and Mr. Sfeir European and Latin American Ac- Nonprint Publication,were echoed, "I think we should be veryquisitions Division Chief Donald P. given. "A Century of Lawmak- careful," in using such references inPanzera explained the complex and ingisavailablefromthe court. Mr. Roudik observed that themultifaceted geographic reorganiza- Library's American Memory government translations were usuallytion of the Library of Congress Acqui- collections at www.loc.gov. the most reliable. To the audience'ssitions Office, implemented on Oct. 12, amusement, Mr. Shroff pointed out1997. The restructuring was achieved there were no English translations ofconcomitantly with an increase in thenearly 5,000 members, including law Australian law. exchange program and an increase infirms, law schools, corporate legal The afternoon session began with aacquisitions from government sources.departments, courts, and local, state demonstration of the Global Legal Judy C. McDermott, chief of theand federal government agencies. The Information Network (GLIN) byAfrican / Asian Acquisitions and Over- association strives to "promote and en- Program Director Janice Hyde. GLINseas Operations Division, outlined the hance the value of law libraries to the is a cooperative, nonprofit federationhistory and structure of the Library'spublic, the legal community and the of government agencies that contrib-overseas operations. The only legisla-world, to foster the profession of law ute national legal information to thetive agency to have foreign service, thelibrarianship and to provide leader- GUN database maintained by the LawLibrary of Congress employs moreship in the field of legal information Library of Congress. The automatedthan 200 foreign service nationals whoand information policy." Above all, the database contains laws of many for-assist the Library with acquisitions inAALL asserts that "the availability of eign countries accessible through ancities around the world. legal information to all people is a nec- English-language thesaurus. Director of Law Library Servicesessary requirement for a just and After Ms. Hyde's on-line demon-Margaret Whitlock concluded thedemocratic society." stration, meeting attendees dispersedevent by thanking all staff and AALL to try some of their own GLIN searchesparticipants. Ms. Bellin is an intern in the Public using National Digital Library class- Founded in 1906, the AALL has Affairs Office. AUGUST 1999 204 195 Southern Mosaic The John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip

BY RACHEL I. HOWARD Bosque County, Texas, When John and Ruby Lomax leftjotting down lyrics to their vacation home on San Josecowboy songs as he lis- Island at Port Aransas, Texas, ontened. At the University March 31, 1939, they already had someof Texas at Austin, how- idea of what they would encounter onever, where he studied their three-month, 6,502-mile journeyEnglish literature, one through the southern United Statesdisdainful professor collecting folk songs. temporarily squelched Many of the people and places theyhis enthusiasm for the planned to visit were already familiarvernacular lyricism of to them, and while they were alwaysthe Texas frontier. By on the alert for previously unrecorded 1906, he was a graduate musical genres, songs and tunes, onestudent at Harvard Uni- of the purposes of this trip was toversity, and professors record some of their favorite folk songsBarrettWendell and and folk singers from past expeditionsGeorge LymanKitt- on state-of-the-art equipment. Theredge actively encour- Library of Congress provided theaged Lomax to docu- Lomaxes with the latest in recording ment his native folklife. technology: a portable Presto disc-cut-The subsequent docu- ting machine, with extra batteries andmentationeffortre- a supply of blank 12-inch acetate discs sulted in Cowboy Songs and sapphire needles that could beand Other Frontier Bal- Ruby T Lomax replenished upon request. Haulinglads (New York: Sturgis Uncle Rich Brown (right) and John Lomax at this heavy equipment to and from& Walton Co., 1910), the home of Julia Killingsworth near Sumter- the trunk of their Plymouth as theypublishedtocritical vine, Ala., Oct. 1940 stopped to make recordings in schools,and popular acclaim. churches, homes, hotels, prisons andIndeed, as the Lomaxes wrote in their There was the book of cowboy even along the roadside in localesfield notes for the 1939 expedition, on songs, no two pages hanging tothroughout the rural South, they couldat least one occasion John's book pre- gether, but apparently all there be- hardly have suspected that, in 60 tween the covers, one of the 1910 ceded him into the home of a per- edition (1939 Southern Recording years' time, the cultural heritage they former. Elmo Newcomer, a fiddler and Trip Fieldnotes, Section 9: Pipe were collecting for deposit in thedance caller recorded in Bandera Creek, Bandera and Medina, Archive of American Folk Song at theCounty, Texas, on May 3, 1939, re- Texas; May 3-7, p. 120). Library of Congress would be playedmarked upon meeting John, back, with the click of a mouse button, John Lomax married Bess Brown in "Shake, boy. I've heared about 1904, and they had four children: through computer speakers in homes, you all my life ... We scraped our schools and offices around the world, savings together an' sent 'em to Shirley (1905), John Jr. (1907), Alan at www.loc.gov. you an' sure 'nough here come the (1915) and Bess (1921). Lomax taught John Avery Lomax, born Sept. 23, book.... We read it and sung from English at Texas A&M University, 1867, in Goodman, Miss., had been col- it so much and loaned it out so researched and collected cowboy lecting songs since his childhood in much that it's might nigh tore up." songs and, with Professor Leonidas

Portraits of of African Americans taken during Lomax's folk song recording expeditions in Louisiana and Texas between 1934 and 1950

196 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN -205 Payne of the University of Texas at Austin, co- founded the Texas Folklore Society, a branch of the American Folklore Society. The Texas Folk- More Collections Now lore Society's founding members shared with Lomax a sense that their state's rich folklore Available from needed to be documented and preserved for the analysis of later scholars. Nascent technology American Memory such as the radio and the gramophone, it was feared, would end the age-old tradition of trans- The Library's Geography and Map Division is the source for the mitting music and lore directly from one person "Mapping the National Parks" collection, which offers 200 maps of to the next. With professional musicians' works the Acadia, Great Smoky Mountain, Grand Canyon and being piped into homes across the country, the Yellowstone national parks, dating from the 17th century to the purity of traditional music, its particularities of present. There are special presentations for each of these four parks. region, religion and ethnicity, could be lost for- The presentation for Acadia offers nautical charts of the first na- ever. Ultimately, Lomax, often accompanied by tional park on a coast. The Grand Canyon presentation offers not his son Alan or by his second wife, Ruby, col- only maps but also links to other American Memory collections lected more than 10,000 recordings for the that provide spectacular views of the canyon. The site was made Archive of American Folk Song at the Library of possible by a donation from the Rockefeller Foundation. Congress. Ironically, he relied on the latest tech- "American Environmental Photographs, 1891-1936," another nological advances to document the very oral new on-line offering, consists of approximately 4,500 photographs tradition he feared technology would destroy. from the University of Chicago's collections documenting natural Circumstances took John Lomax away from environments, ecologies and plant communities in the United his beloved Texas in 1917, when he accepted a States. Produced by a group of American botanists who were in- job as a banker in Chicago. When Bess Brown strumental in the development of modem ecological studies, these Lomax died in 1931, a full-scale return to folk- photographs provide an overview of important representative lore studies, as a lecturer and folk song re- natural landscapes across the nation. They demonstrate the char- searcher, gradually revived the despondent acter of a wide range of American topography: forestation, aridity, John Lomax. The Macmillan publishing com- shifting coastal dune complexes and watercourses. Comparison of pany accepted his proposal for an all-inclusive early photographs with later views highlights changes resulting anthology of American ballads and folk songs, from natural alterations of the landscape, disturbances from indus- and in the summer of 1932 he traveled to Wash- try and development and effective natural resource usage. ington to do research in the Archive of Ameri- The University of Chicago Library was a winner in the first can Folk Song at the Library of Congress. round of the Library of Congress /Ameritech National Digital By the time of Lomax's visit, the archive Library Competition. The competition was made possible by a already contained a collection of commercial $2 million donation to the Library from Ameritech. phonograph recordings and wax cylinder field The photographs were taken by Henry Chandler Cowles (1869- recordings of folk songs, acquired under the lead- 1939), George Damon Fuller (1869-1961) and other Chicago ecolo- ership of Robert Winslow Gordon, head of the gists on field trips across North America. archive, and Carl Engel, chief of the Music Divi- Among the natural features these images document are dunes, sion. Gordon had also developed and experi- bogs, forests and deserts; individual plants from the Ponderosa mented in the field with a portable disc recorder. pine and birch to grasses and mosses; landscape features such as Lomax made an arrangement with the the Grand Canyon, Lake Superior and the Sierra Nevada; and the Library whereby it would provide recording consequences of natural and human changes to the environment equipment (including recording blanks), in ex- ranging from erosion and floods to irrigation and lumbering. The change for which he would travel the country collection also includes photographs of University of Chicago recording songs to be added to the archive. botanists as they conducted field research, led students on summer Thus began a 10-year relationship with the field classes and traveled across the continent on tours, including Library that would involve not only John but the International Phytogeographic Excursion of 1913. the entire Lomax family. American Memory is a project of the National Digital Library Thanks to a grant from the American Coun- Program of the Library of Congress. Its goal is to make freely avail- cil of Learned Societies, Lomax was able to set able millions of American historical items by 2000, the Bicentennial out in June 1933 on his first recording expedi- of the Library of Congress. The Library, in collaboration with other tion under the Library's auspices, with Alan major repositories, is digitizing original American historical mate- (then 18 years old) in tow. John and Alan toured rials as its Bicentennial Gift to the Nation. Southern prison farms recording work songs, More than 2 million items are currently available in 60 collections reels, ballads and blues from prisoners, whom such as early baseball cards; highlights of the career of baseball they believed represented an isolated musical legend Jackie Robinson; the papers of Presidents Washington, culture "untouched" by the modem world. One Jefferson and Lincoln; Civil War photographs; and documents of their great discoveries occurred that July, relating to the civil rights movement and women's suffrage. The when they recorded a 12-string guitar player by multimedia American Memory collections also include recordings the name of Huddie Ledbetter, better known as of music and American leaders, films, animation and panoramic "Lead Belly," at the Louisiana State Penitentiary photographs and maps. at Angola.

AUGUST 1999 197 BEST COPY AVAILABLE t :206 Throughout that sum-benefit of documentary history. For ex- mer, as John Lomaxample, in 1934 he and Alan recorded traveledacrosstheSpanish ballads and vaquero songs on South, pursuing histhe Rio Grande border and spent weeks lifelonginterests,heamong French-speaking Acadians in courted Ruby Terrill bysouthern Louisiana. In 1936 he was as- mail. They were mar-signed to serve as an adviser on folk- ried on July 21, 1934, inlore, collecting for both the Historical Commerce, Texas. Records Survey and the Federal Writ- Ruby Terrill, calleders' Project, two Works Progress Ad- "Miss Terrill" by Johnministration agencies. As the Federal Lomax even after theirWriters' Project's first folklore editor, wedding, first met herLomax directed the gathering of ex- future husband in 1921.slave narratives and devised a ques- A native Texan, she wastionnaire for FWP field workers to use. dean of women and in- Meanwhile, Ruby Terrill Lomax con- structor of classical lan-tinued working at the university, over- guages at East Texasseeing the home and family and taking State Teachers Collegecare of a number of duties for her in Commerce, Texas,husband's research. In 1937 she de- when John Lomax lec-cided to exchange the academic pur- tured there on his cow- suits and frenetic schedule of her life in boy song research. AfterAustin for the intellectual pursuits and she gave him and hisequally frenetic pace of life on the road young son, Alan, a tourwith a ballad hunter. The Lomaxes of Commerce, he en- made a house outside Dallas (called the listed her as a babysitter."House in the Woods") their perma- More than a decadenent residence, then drove away in later, the widowed JohnRuby's Plymouth on a scouting tour of Lomaxreintroduced the Southern states. The classics scholar himself to Miss Terrill,evidently enjoyed the expedition, and

Ruby T. Lomax now aclassicallan-threw herself wholeheartedly into it. Frank Goodwyn, Kingville, Texas, September guages M.A. from Co- Ruby Terrill Lomax's role in the suc- 1940; H.R.Weaver singing "Ox-Driving Song" lumbia University; co-cess of the 1939 Southern States Record- at his home in Merryville, La., October 1940 founder ofthepio-ing Trip cannot be overemphasized. She neering woman edu-composed nearly all written documen- cator's professional soci-tation relating to the collection. She ety,the Delta Kappacataloged the contents of each disc on Gamma Society Interna- the record's dust jacket as the recording tional; dean of women atwas taking place. According to Frank the University of Texas Goodwyn, a ranch hand who sang cow- at Austin; and Alanboy songs for the Lomaxes in April Lomax's Latin instructor. 1939, Miss Terrill operated the Presto His newlywed statusmachine while John instructed and en- did not prevent John couraged the performers (interview with Lomax from continuing Frank and Elizabeth Goodwyn, April 29, to make disc recordings 1999, AFC 1999/006). of musicians through- After the trip, at the Library of Con- out the South. In 1934 hegress she transcribed song lyrics and was named honorarycomposed and typed much of the consultant and curator307 pages of field notes. In addition, of the Archive of Ameri-Ruby's voice can be heard on a number can Folk Song, and heof the recordings, carefully announc- secured grants from theing the performer's name and the date Carnegie Corporationand location of the recording. While andtheRockefellerher husband possessed the contacts, Foundation, among oth-the title of honorary consultant and cu- ers, for continued field rator of the Archive of American Folk recordings. As LomaxSong and the expert knowledge of the continued his work, his material he was seeking and collecting, fieldexpeditionsre- Ruby Lomax possessed the organiza- flected his broadening tional and archival skills of a longtime Ruby T. Lomax scope of interest, to the administrator and instructor, the wide-

198 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN ok,: 207 eyed wonder of a lifelong learner un- covering a whole new world of studies and the social skills of a parliamentarian who was a key player on many teams. In 1940, when the couple traversed the same path through the South, she took on the additional role of photographer. Many photographs from the 1940 recording expedition illustrate the American Memory on-line presentation featuring the 1939 recordings. John and Ruby Lomax began their 1939 Southern states recording expedition in Texas, stopping in 12 counties in 71/2 weeks (more than half of the trip) to capture some 350 blues songs, corridos, fiddle tunes, lullabies, play-party songs and railroad, riverboat and prison work songs in settings ranging from a storage garage in Houston to schoolyards in Brownsville and Ruby T Lomax Wiergate to the Ramsey State Farm inAfrican American convicts working with shovels, possibly singing Otey, where prisoners were "under"Rock Island Line" at Cummins State Farm, Gould, Ark., 1934; Ruby Pickens Tartt at her home in Livingston, Ala., October 1940 guard, behind three sets of locks" (1939 Southern Recording Trip Fieldnotes, Sec- tion 5: Ramsey State Farm, Otey, Texas; The Arkansas and Mis- April 23, p. 48). sissippi state prisons, Cum- Mechanical difficulties delayedmins and Parchman, pro- and damaged some recordings, asvided a wealth of material, the Lomaxes' correspondence withalthough evidently less the Music Division documents. Forthan they had for Lomax example, their attempts to record thein the past. Ruby Terrill religious drama Morir en la cruz conLomax described these Cristo, o Dimas, el buen ladron onprison farm recording ses- Easter Sunday in Houston weresions in a letter written to foiled by failing batteries; theyher family: visited the Lopez family at their We consider that we had home in Sugar Land two weeks later rather a lucky excape [sic] from the Cummins State to capture the entire drama. Farm in Arkansas; the night Merryville, La., their first stop out- after we left a storm blew side of Texas, had been suggested by one of the stockades down, John's son Alan (employed as assistant such as the ones in which in charge of the Archive of American we set up our machine to Folk Song since 1937) and his wife, work. ... Twelve convicts Elizabeth. "Elizabeth's uncle lives in a escaped in the confusion little town in the no-man's-land on the and two, at latest account that we saw in the papers, Texas edge of Louisiana. Elizabeth Ruby T Lomax were killed in trying to essays that he has a natural amateur's cape. We made some pretty good Alabama provided a more hospi- interest in folk songs and knows all the records, but even in the past two table environment for the traveling fiddlers and singers of that section, years the death rate of old songs has couple, now two months into their ex- and he could probably lead you to risen. ... At Parchman we found the pedition. John and Ruby Lomax spent very good material" (Letter from Alan superintendent harassed by per- five days in Summer County, Ala., as- Lomax to John A. Lomax; Port Aransas, sonal and political problems, so that sisted, guided and introduced to per- Texas, Jan. 21, 1939). Herman R. "H.R." we did not tarry very long after working with two camps. Fortu- formers by their friend Ruby Pickens Weaver did prove a valuable contact, Tartt, local folklorist and chairman of offering his home as a recording stu- nately for us, rain kept the boys out of the fields so that we were able to the WPA Federal Writers' Project of dio, guiding the Lomaxes to the blind do our work by day instead of at Summer County. Tartt facilitated the gospel pianist J.R. Gipson and the New night (1939 Southern Recording Trip recording of 115 children's songs, Zion Baptist Church congregation and Fieldnotes, Section 14: Cummins hollers, play-party songs, religious singing a few traditional songs he had State Farm, near Vainer, Ark.; May oratory and spirituals, many of which learned from his father. 20-21, p. 205). were recorded on the porch and in the

AUGUST 1999 199 2O tion gathered there. While driving ...in many instances we re-re- through Anderson County, John and corded folk songs sung in a differ- Ruby were appalled to see a chain ent manner, or slightly different gang of approximately 80 prisoners musically from already known ma- connected by an ankle chain; they re- terial. In visiting the homes, schools and churches of the Southern folk corded the group singing spirituals and recording their singing in their and work songs and composed a letter own locale, we carried out the to the governor to protest this inhu- theory of the Folk Song Archive of mane practice. the Library of Congress, namely, At the urging of their Clemson host, that folk singers render their music Ben Robertson Jr., John and Ruby more naturally in the easy sociabil- Lomax spent an afternoon at the ity of their own people (1939 South- Georgia-Carolina Singing Festival in ern Recording Trip Report, p. 1). Toccoa Falls, Ga. The festival setup The on-line presentation of Southern was a far cry from the intimate settingsMosaic: The John and Ruby Lomax 1939 in which they were accustomed toSouthern States Recording Trip fulfills making their recordings, and the dis-the mission of the American Folklife tinction between the festival perfor-Center of the Library of Congress, "to mances and the types of songs theypreserveandpresentAmerican Ruby T. Lomax were seeking plagues the classificationfolklife" (Public Law 94-201, 1976). By Isabella Salazar at Casa Ricardo of "folk" music to this day: making these recordings available to a Hotel, Kingsville, Texas, Septem- After lunch we drove to Toccoa wider audience of students, research- ber 1940 Falls, Georgia where a huge crowd ers, musicians, folklorists and more, had gathered from three states, the musical heritage John Lomax and yard of her home at Baldwin Hill in about twenty thousand. ... Loud his family devoted themselves to Livingston. The Lomaxes were glad speakers made the singing audible documenting is being passed on to that the Presto machine was in good over several acres. It was a great social gathering, a veritable reunion. It new generations. working order, as they were able to was impossible to choose wisely. The collection's 686 sound record- better document the repertoire of After listening for a long time on the ings, as well as the accompanying field the-cousins Vera Hall and Dock Reed, outside, Mr. Lomax chose two quar- notes, dust jackets, correspondence whose mellifluous singing voices have tets, one of women, one of men, for and song texts, can be accessed from graced numerous Library of Congress recordings. They were conducted to the American Memory Collections of acetate discs prior to and after 1939. a building where the machine was the National Digital Library Program. In Florida, the Lomaxes revisited set up. The records were made in Photographs taken during other Mrs. G.A. Griffin, who sang old bal- the midst of much noise and confu- Southern states recording trips illus- lads and demonstrated her unique sion. The songs are not folk songs, trate the on-line presentation, which is manner of calling chickens. They also but the records illustrate a manner- kind of religious song and a manner made possible by a donation from the recorded at the State Farm at Raiford. of singing them that are currently Texaco Foundation. Ruby Lomax was barred by the super- popular in some small town and intendent from making recordings rural districts (1939 Southern Record- Ms. Howard is a digital conversion with John in the men's dormitory but ing Trip F ieldnotes,Section 21: specialist in the American Folklife captured some fine examples of blues Clemson, S.C., and vicinity; June 9- Center. Christa Maher, also a digital songs and singing game songs from 12, p. 297). conversion specialist for the AFC's the women prisoners. John and Ruby Lomax drove National Digital Library Team, A polio epidemic in South Carolina through North Carolina on June 13,contributed to this essay. prevented the Lomaxes from record- arriving in Galax, Va., in the late after- ing large groups of schoolchildren in noon. Dr. W.P. "Doc" Davis, director of that state, as planned, but they never-the Bog Trotters Band, was ill, so the For further information on John and theless collected 49 songs in threeLomaxes' plans to record the band Ruby Lomax and the Archive of counties. At the home of another WPA were stymied, but they nonetheless American Folk Song, see: Writers' Project contact, Genevieve W. enjoyed the beautiful trip through the Bartis, Peter T. "A History of Chandler, along the Atlantic coast atmountains and the company of the the Archive of Folk Song at the Murrells Inlet, they collected Anglo-band members. They arrived at the Library of Congress: The First American ballads from Minnie FloydLibrary of Congress on June 14, and Fifty Years." Ph.D. diss., Univer- and African American singing gamethere deposited the 142 discs pro- sity of Pennsylvania, 1982. songs and spirituals from school-claimed by Alan Lomax to be "musi- Lomax, John A. Adventures of a Ballad Hunter. New York: Mac- teacher Annie Holmes and several ofcally and acoustically ... one of the best millan Co., 1947. her students. In Clemson, S.C., hostgroups of records accessioned in the Porterfield, Nolan. Last Cavalier: Ben Robertson gathered two groups at Archive" (1939 Annual Report: Excerpt The Life and Times of John A. his home to sing children's songs andfrom the Archive of American Folk-Song Lomax, 1867-1948. Urbana, Illinois: religious songs and escorted theAnnual Report, 1928-1939, p. 70). University of Illinois Press, 1996. Lomaxes to the Little Hope School John Lomax summarized the trip as House to record the church congrega- follows:

200 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 209 Conservation Corner George Washington Diaries Reclaimed

BY MARK ROOSA AND TOM ALBRO Recent History he Library's state-of-the-art con- Early in the 1980s 1 servation lab has nearly completedduring surveys of preservation of an invaluable collec-the condition of the tion of 36 pocket-size diaries thatPresidential Papers belonged to George Washington. Collection, Conser- The diaries cover the years 1748-vation Division staff 1799 and contain a fascinating hand- discovered the ap- written record of Washington's ac-pearance of "foxing," tivities, including observations andor small spots on pa- memoranda on a variety of subjects,per, on the support from the weather and agriculture tosheets of the diaries the Revolutionary War. The diariesas well as on the di- are from the Manuscript Division'sary leaves. Foxing is collections of the papers of 23 U.S.thought to be due toBeginning in the 1980s, conservationists returned presidents. the metal pressingthe diaries to their original formats. boards that are used Conservation History in the silking process. During the sur-loss were repaired by means of "leaf- During the 1930s, as part of the 200th vey it was also noted that the inflexibil-casting," a method in which a thin layer anniversary of George Washington'sity of the support pages was causingof new paper is deposited over the birth, the diaries were unbound fromstress to the original diary leaves. A missing areas to impart strength. their original format and rebound intreatment strategy was developed to Once the pages were mended they a larger presentation-style format,address these two problems. were sewn together by hand. The sewn which included insetting the manu- texts were then bound and covered script leaves into larger support sheetsThe Cure using the original boards (if they were and covering both sides of each leaf Curators in the Manuscript Divisionin good condition), or with new boards with a transparent silk for the purposemet with Conservation Divisioncovered with handmade paste paper of physical protection. The silking pro- specialists to see what might be done todecorated in a style typical of the day. cess, which at that time was widely reclaim these precious volumes. A planWhile the cover decoration does not practiced in libraries and archives was devised that first involved carefulreplicate the original, it is meant to throughout the world, was thought to removal of the diary pages from each ofbe of the period in which the originals provide support for fragile items. the volumes. Next, the silking was re-were created. Experts know today that silking, moved from individual pages by aque- In addition to neutralizing the dam- which was discontinued by theous immersion until the adhesive hold- aging effects of the former binding, the Library in the 1950s, has a long-terming the silk in place dissolved and thetreatment also returned the diaries to deleterious effect on materials because silk fell away from the paper. Occasion- their original "almanac" format, an ob- it is chemically unstable over time.ally, enzyme baths were used to helplong, horizontal or vertical shape that Thus, steps have been taken in theremove the adhesive. was designed for journal inscription. Library in recent years to remove silk Weakened areas and small tears inFinally, each almanac is receiving a from select rare and valuable items. the diary leaves were mended usingcustom-fitted protective enclosure, Japanesepaper, a which assures protection from environ- strong, lightweight sub- mental elements and handling. stance made from the The series of treatments emphasizes inner bark of the kozo, sound materials, structural fitness and an indigenous Japa-a return to the original format. It re- nese plant known for its moves pending danger to the diaries, particularly long fibers. allows them to be safely used by re- The paper was adheredsearchers and improves and makes with wheat starchmore historically accurate their appear- paste, which is rou-ance. So far, 31 of the 36 volumes have tinely used in conserva-been treated. The project is scheduled tion because of its excel- to be completed in 2000. lent working properties and because it is revers- Mr. Roosa is chief of the Conservation In the 1930s, the diaries were bound in a pre-ible should the need Division. Mr. Albro is head of the sentation style format with stiff support pages.arise. Some areas of division's Book and Paper Section.

AUGUST 1999 210 201 The Library's Carolina Saez and John Cole (front row, third and fourth from left) join other participants on April 23 at the United Nations for the national celebration of World Book and Copyright Day. Nina Sibal, UNESCO representative to the United Nations, is second from the right.

News from the Center for the Book International Update

World Book and Copyright DayStates, "it is a popular focal point forConnecticut Center for the Book's Celebrated. At the Unitedreading promotion activities in many"World of Words" program in Hart- Nations on April 23, Center forcountries." In particular, he citedford on April 9. the Book Director John Y. Cole andSpain, the Netherlands, Germany "World of Words" is a new Na- Carolina Saez, attorney adviser inand South Africa, where the Southtional Library Week program that the Copyright Office, presented briefAfrican Centre for the Book used thecelebrates Connecticut's "literary remarks during the U.S. nationalLibrary's Center for the Book "Build-and cultural abundance" by match- celebration of World Book anding a Nation of Readers" theme foring public libraries and public li- Copyright Day. The event was co-its commemoration. brary programming throughout the sponsored with the U.N. Society of International Literacy Day tostate with the state's multiethnic tra- Writers. Representatives from theBe Marked on Sept. 8. At the Worldditions. The Hartford Public Library, American Booksellers Association,Bank on Sept. 8, the Center for thefor example, featured exhibits, read- the Association of American Publish-Book, the International Reading As-ings, book signings and storytelling ers, the International Reading Asso-sociation and the World Bank willfrom the Caribbean. Other partici- ciation, New York Is Book Countryhost the U.S. celebration of Interna-pating libraries and the cultural and other book and reading promo-tional Literacy Day. traditions featured at each were tion organizations also participated. The day's activities will include an the New Britain Public Library The commemoration, which takesinformation exchange featuring ex-(Great Britain); the Derby Public place on the birthday of both Shake-hibit booths organized by prominentLibrary (India); Waterbury's Silas speare and Cervantes, had its originsinternational literacy and readingBronson Library (Ireland); Darien in Catalonia, where on April 23promotion organizations, the an-Public Library (Japan); Wallingford books (and flowers) traditionallynouncement of a new World BankPublic Library (Mexico); Granby have been presented as gifts. In pro-education program and announce-Public Library (The Netherlands); claiming April 23 as World Book andment of the 1999 winners of the Inter- and Stamford's Ferguson Library Copyright Day, UNESCO has givennational Literacy Awards. For fur-(Poland). During the April 9 opening the day a broader purpose: "to pro-ther information, contact the Centerevent, held in the Connecticut state mote reading, publishing and thefor the Book, telephone (202) 707-capitol, the consul generals from protection of intellectual property5221, e-mail [email protected]. Haiti, India, Japan and Great Britain, through copyright." In his remarks, Connecticut Launches "Worldplus representatives from other fea- Mr. Cole noted that although thus farof Words." Rep. John Larson (D-tured countries, presented books World Book and Copyright Day wasConn.) and M. Jodi Rell, the state'sabout their countries for the collec- not widely celebrated in the Unitedlieutenant governor, launched thetions of their "paired" libraries.

202 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 211 * 0 5/ °

International Organiza- Aberystwyth Centre for the Book tions Added to Web Site. The (Wales) Center for the Book has added e-mail: [email protected] more than a dozen international www.dils.aber.ac.uk/ dils / research/ organizations that promote RFocus8/8sub2/8s2_prl.htm books and reading to its Web site (w-ww.loc.gov/lockfbook). "Our DUBAI Book Trust (England) goal is to become a comprehen- www.booktrust.org.uk/ 1999 sive resource and clearinghouse BANGKOK Canadian Centre for Studies in for information about organiza- Publishing (Simon Fraser University) tions interested in all aspects of e-mail: [email protected] books and reading," said Mr. www.harbour.sfu.ca/ccsp/ccsp.html Cole. "The several international IFLA Section on Reading to Meet organizations and book centers in Bangkok. The Section on Reading of Centre for the Book (Perth, Australia) established in the past few years the International Federation of Library e-mail: [email protected] to encourage the study of the his- Associations and Institutions (IFLA), www.liswa.wa.gov.au/cftb.htrn1 tory of books are included, along chaired by Center for the Book Director Centre for the Book (South Africa) with their U.S. counterparts. In John Y. Cole, will sponsor a program on e-mail: [email protected] all, more than 200 organizations "Book and Reading Promotion in South- http: / /aleph.salib.ac.za/cb in the U.S. and abroad are listed east Asia" on Aug. 24 during IFLA's an- in the 'Related Programs and nual conference in Bangkok, Thailand. Centre for the Book (British Library) Organizations' section of the The section's goals statement supports e-mail: candysidler@bLuk site."Entries include name, reading development campaigns, pro- www.bLuk/ information/ centre- institutional affiliation, mailing moting research about reading, literacy, book.html address, telephone number and, readers and library use; encouraging a Centre for the History of the Book when available, fax number and better understanding of reading patterns (University of Edinburgh) e-mail and Web site addresses. and literacy problems, and raising aware- e-mail: [email protected] A selective list of organizations ness of the importance of books and read- www.ed.ac.uk/ englit/ research / chb / appears in the box at left. ing for young people. The section recently Leiden Centre for the Book published its first information brochure. (The Netherlands) Copies of the brochure and the August e-mail: [email protected] 1999 issue of the Section on Reading www.etcl.nl/bw/angel.htm Newsletter are available from the Center for the Book, telephone (202) 707-5221, e- National Book Centre (Greece) mail: [email protected]. e-mail: [email protected] http: / /book.culture.gr

International Federation National Literacy Trust (England) of Library Associations and e-mail: [email protected] GummInstitution, www.literacytrust.org.uk Scottish Book Trust (Scottish Book Centre) e-mail: [email protected] http:/ /webpost.net/bts/ Scottish Centre for the Book 130fIETKII,SIZ LE TURD (Napier University) isavag9saa www.pmpc.napier.ac.uk/ scob / [K RAV;33R ocikeg scob.html Society for Book Research in Austria !,T C e-mail: [email protected] Stichting Lezen (The Netherlands) e-mail: [email protected] inn www.lezen.n1/ fusion/ html/ body_english_introduction.html 62 Queen Victoria Street Cape Town, 8W1 Toronto Centre for the Book PO Box 15254 SECTION ON (University of Toronto) Vioeberg. 8018 www.fis.utoronto.ca / research/ Tel. +27 21 423 2669 0READING Fax +27 21 424 1484 programs / tcb/index.htm E -mail [email protected]

AUGUST 1999 203 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 212 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF PUBLIC AVE. S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE DC $300 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS INFORMATIONIf you wish to beBULLETIN removed from the mailing list for ISSN 0041-7904 addresstothis the publication above label address. and check return. If here change is required enter on and return this page zric0220306SyracuseCIJL4-1j4 Clearinghouse Coordinator Center Univ for onSci 6 Tech NY 13244-4100 Info/Tec 007 213 BESTCOPYAVAILABLE 214 / % /W

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Vol. 58, No. 9 September 1999 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 'Language of the Land': Literary Maps 215 LIBRARY (,)I, CONGRESS BICENTENNIAL. InformationThe LIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin LIBRARIES CREATIVITY LIBERTY JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 9 September 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Detail from An Ancient Mappe of Fairyland, Newly Discovered and Set Forth, one of several maps featured in a new -e volume from the Library of Congress. Illustration by Bernard Sleigh, ca. 1920 Cover Story:The Library has just publishedlanguage of the Land: The Library of Congress Book of Literary Maps. 218 Hot Tips, Cool Tools:The American Library Association and the Library are offering two publications to promote libraries. and the bicentennial anniversary of the Library of Congress. 207 208 New Treasures:The Huexotzinco Codex and other rarely seen items from the Library's collection go on display in the "American Treasures" exhibition next month. 208 /4, On Board at Folklife:Mickey Hart of the musical group Grateful Dead has joined the board of the American Folklife Center. 208 Digital Fellowship:The National Digital Library Learning Center hosted the third class of American Memory Fellows. 209 Bicentennial Background:The Library has played an important role in fostering and preserving American creativity 212over the past 200 years. 210 Bully!:American Memory presents the life and times of President Theodore Roosevelt. 212 Of Prosperity and Patchwork:Collections on the Calvin Coolidge administration and the art of quiltmaking are among the newest offerings on the American Memory Web site. 215 Hearing America Sing:The Library has announced its 1999- 2000 concert season. 216 Father India:Jeffery Paine discussed his recent book at the Library July 13. 223 Conservation Corner:More than 40,000 drawings on the history and development of architecture in the nation's capital are being preserved. 225 218News from the Center for the Book 226

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov / today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail lcib @loc.gov. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 225 JOHN H. SAYERS, Production and Design

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SS Promoting Libraries Library and ALA Offer Tip Sheet and Toolkit

11 elebrating America's Librarylargest map and film and tele- and America's Libraries" is avision collections. In addition joint Tip Sheet of the Library of Congress to its primary mission of serv- and the American Library Associationing the research needs of Con- available free to any library or other re-gress, the Library serves all pository that wants to participateinpro-Americans through its popular Celebrating motional activities ranging from creat-Web site (www.loc:griv)- and ing a time capsule and hosting a localin its 22 reading rooms on Aillinellieeo Lfil "living legends" event to sponsoring aCapitol Hill. library card sign-up competition and "We will celebrate with pride erica's celebrating National Library Week. our first 200 years of Library The Tip Sheet is available with a Li-history," said Librarian of Con- ibranes brary of Congress Bicentennial Toolkitgress James H. Billington. Dur- that contains materials for implement-ing that time, the Library has Ideas and tips for promoting libraries ing many of the Tip Sheet's events andgrown into the world's largest and building partnerships programs. Also included is a full-colorrepository of knowledge and nc,mr`,,a 'ter C s "Why Do You Love Libraries?" postercreativity, which it has pre- SPREAD THE WORD suitable for displaying in any library. served for all generations of 41(tm (C. 0/?. act, c., ogizt,Groa cfctift2p a) crw.;9 at.r.Aro Ow era cft. OcitmRy The Library of Congress Bicenten-Americans. "We want to take qt/bDoazgltavd)cift. 00,0 OTIOWIIreC:r:21/51/a aCI7 j fgaZtu(tz0co)0125azaz ce sgx2S0 LEW CO sib nial, whose theme is "Libraries, Cre-advantage of this opportunity trSLIata UZma v3ar8r2zDC>ccefraz cffe,062.. ogbcco,a9mcnorz), Ctaram9Ocu CUze,o ativity, Liberty," is intended as a cel-to energize national awareness marzaBoozrzza(p22¢2)014soz00011oSpOdaZ ebration ofalllibraries and the of the critical role that all librar- 0t11=1.0dmaroma90c117tress important role they play in communityies play in keeping the spirit of P00 1499 -SpAre 2000 life. Founded April 24, 1800, the Li-creativity and free inquiry alive brary is the nation's oldest federal cul-in our society." This Tip Sheet, available free, is full of tural institution. It preserves a collec- The American Library Asso-ideas for special promotions. tion of 115 million items more thanciation is the world's largest two-thirds of which are in media other library association. It provides leader-Library by calling (202) 707-2000; than books. These include the world'sship for the development, promotiontoll free (800) 707-7145; fax (202) and improvement of library707-7440. You can also submit your 1.IIMAUV ( CONowss and information services andrequest at:www.loc.gov/bicentenniaV BICEYIENNI A I.., the profession of librarianshiptoolkit.html. 1800 2000 in order to enhance learning The Toolkit materials include: and ensure access to informa- A brief history of the public tion for all. library system in America, which can The Tip Sheet and Toolkitbe photocopied and distributed to pa- were mailed to public librariestrons from a stand-up dispenser (also nationwide and also were dis-provided). Another fact sheet, "What O tributed during the Americanthe Library of Congress Does for You," Library Association Annualdetails the public services of the na- O Meeting in New Orleans intional library. June. Forms for patrons who are partici- _ 1 "The Tip Sheet and Toolkitpants in suggested events such as creat- Vt, ing a time capsule; a day to honor local _At are filled with fun and interesting ways to engage your"Living Legends," a "Favorite Poem" patrons in recognizing howday, a "Library Appreciation" day. important your library is to A stand-up guide to the Ameri- the community itserves," can Memory on-line collections of the said Dr. Billington and SarahLibrary of Congress. For additional in- Ann Long, 1999-2000 presi-formation about the Library of Con- dent of the American Librarygress Bicentennial, visit:www.loc.gov/ Association. bicentennial. Institutions that want to For more information about Na- participate in the Library oftional Library Week and other promo- The Toolkit accompanies the Tip SheetCongress Bicentennial while attion opportunities for libraries see the and also contains a "Why Do You Lovethe same time promote theirALA Web site atwww.ala.orgievents/ Libraries?" color poster. services should contact thepromoevents/index.html. SEPTEMBER 1999 207 217 Unique Treasures Huexotzinco Codex, Jefferson's Drafton Display he Library will display the Hue-the Tuscarora Native 1 xotzinco Codex Oct. 6 throughAmerican tribe in New Feb. 9 in the "American Treasures ofYork. the Library of Congress" exhibition. Photographs, The document will replace Thomasmarked "Top Secret," Jefferson's "original Rough draught"taken in 1945 six miles of the Declaration of Independence infrom the-first' nuclear the "Top Treasures" case. bomb explosion at the Due to popular demand, Thomas. 'Trinity Test Site, New Jefferson's rough draft of the Declara-Mexico. tion of Independence will remain in Earlybaseball the exhibition for a month longer thancards from the Carl previously announced. The documentSandburg collection fea- had been scheduled to be replacedturing Connie Mack, Sept. 4. Instead it will remain on viewCharles Cominski, Cap through Oct. 5. Anson and King Kelly. This exhibition of the Huexotzinco The Huexotzinco Co- The Huexotainco Codex will go on display in (Way-hoat-ZINC-o) Codex marks thedex is a legal document its entirety for the first time beginning Oct. 6. first time all eight panels of the docu-by the Nahua Indian ment will be displayed. The documentpeople from southeast of Mexico City.tion is also available on-line at will be placed in the award-winningThey joined Hernando Cortes in awww.loc.gov, where viewers can "Top Treasures" case. The 12- by -10-legal case against the abuses of thesee 264 items and read about their foot, 3-ton case is unique in the worldSpanish administrators 10 years aftersignificance. and was built according to the highestthe Spanish conquest of Mexico in 1521. The "American Treasures" exhibi- standards of preservation and security The document, which combinestion features more than 270 items to display the most rare, valuable andChristian imagery and indigenousrepresenting a cross section of the fragile items in the "American Trea-graphic symbols, is a precise account-Library's vast repository of rare books, sures" exhibition, the only permanenting of the products and services thatmusic, manuscripts, maps, photo- exhibition ever mounted by the Li- the people of Huexotzinco were forcedgraphs, drawings, audio clips and brary of Congress. to render as tribute to the new Spanishvideotapes. Continuing highlights of Other items that will be exhibited forcolonial government. They included"American Treasures" include the the first time beginning Oct. 6 incorn, turkey, chili peppers and beans,contents of Abraham Lincoln's pockets "American Treasures" include: adobe bricks, lumber, limestone andon the night of his assassination, a A very rare Jan. 4, 1800, issue ofwoven cloth. They also included thephotograph of the Wright brothers' the Ulster County Gazette (Kingston,amount of gold and feathers needed tofirst flight taken at the instant of take- N.Y.), which reported on the Decembercreate a Spanish military campaignoff and early comic books. 14, 1799, death of George Washington.banner of the Madonna and Child. Exhibition hours are 10 a.m. to 5 Sketches of Ancient History in The exhibition is made possible by a p.m. Monday through Saturday. The the Six Nations, an 1828 compen-generous grant from the Xerox Foun-Library is closed on federal holidays. dium of sketches drawn from leg-dation. The exhibition is free. Tickets are not ends by David Cusick, an artist of The "American Treasures" exhibi-required. Musician Joins Folklife Center Board Mickey Hart of the musical group Grateful Dead has been appointed to the board of the American Folklife Center in the Library of Congress. Last June he took a break during his first board meeting to meet with Sen. PatrickJ. Lahy (D-Vt.) (left) and Sen. Harry M. Reid (D-Nev.). The group then met with Sen. Thomas Daschle (D-s.D.), minority leader of the Senate, where Mr. Hart urged the senators to support the Library's efforts to preserve "endangered music" on archival audiotape.

208 A.-9 A.0 0 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN The Fun of Discovery Library Welcomes American Memory Fellows

BY ANGELA BELLIN gram. To apply, applicants must IIW hen I first came to the Library, include a proposal detailing how I went through the collectionsthey would work as a team and and I had so much fun discovering. Ithow they would use primary was as though it were my second child-sources in the classroom. hood," recalled Dr. Billington. "And I The institute was held July 18- thought to myself, 'Why shouldn't all23. Following ran orientation, children have this, instead of just adultsattendees gathered in the newly discovering their second childhood?"renovated National Digital So said the Librarian at the 1999Library Learning Center for American Memory Fellows Institute.brief training (see LC Information The American Memory (www.loc.gov) Bulletin, July 1999). The center Web site offers millions of items inserves as the Library's facility for Dr. Billington autographs baseballs for more than 60 collections from thedemonstration and instructionone participant; several Fellows asked Library's incomparable materialson using primary sources fromthe Librarian for his autograph. relating to American history. the American Memory collec- "The American Memory project is ation. Presentations by Librarythe staff here has been so wonderful. It's just wonderful hook to pull people backstaff were followed by tours ofbeen a tremendous experience." into reading, " explained Dr. Billington,Library collections. All participants in the institute must agree "It asks questions ... in which the The remainder of the weekto "spread the word" about what they have answers can only be found with a com-was focused on lesson buildinglearned, in order to increase the program's bination of new and old technologyand mini-workshops. On the lastimpact across the nation. Several of the work- and human involvement." day, the participants unveiledshops focused on the best ways for the Fellows First held in 1997, the Americantheir lesson plans to their peersto disseminate their ideas, including making Memory Fellows Institute is an oppor- and participated in a "townvisits to other schools and libraries and shar- tunity for teams of outstanding middle meeting" with Dr. Billington. ing lesson plans on the Library's Learning and high school humanities teachers Barbara Markham of PaduaPage Web site (memory.loc.gov/ammem/ and library or media specialists to im-Academy in Wilmington, Del.,ndlpedu/index.html), which is designed for prove the teaching of American history summarized the experience forK-12 educators and students to guide them on and culture in their schools by usingmany of the 1999 Fellows byusing the American Memory collections. digitized primary sources from the Li-addressing Dr. Billington during Monica Edinger, a 1997 Fellow, explained brary. The Center for Children andthe Friday meeting: she was writing a book on the importance of Technology in New York City works "When I came to this program, primary sources and intended to include a with Library staff on organizaing and I probably [knew] the least of ev-chapter on American Memory. Linda Joseph, presenting the institute. eryone in this group, in terms ofalso a 1997 Fellow, mentioned the CyberBee Each year the Library selects 25 technology. I considered myselfcolumn she writes for Multimedia Schools teams of two to participate in the pro- the technology caboose. I thinkmagazine. Joyce Valenza, a 1998 Fellow who writes for several publications and speaks at school library conferences, counseled the group, "Just weave it in everywhere." The Fellows will spend the 1999-2000 school year refining the lesson plans they developed during the institute and posting their modifications on-line. To keep the momentum of the institute going, the Fellows may participate in the American Memory Fellows listsery and other e-mail discussion groups. This on-line community of past Fellows, Library staff and other educational professionals will focus on finding ways to further develop all aspects of American Memory in order to make the collections as useful as possible to as many teachers as possible. Fellows conducted their business in various venues; they also gathered on the steps of the Great Hall of the Jefferson BuildingMs. Bellin is an intern in the Public Affairs (lower right). Office.

SEPTEMBER 1999 209 219 4 *S Bicentennial Background `Creativity' and the Library of Congress BY JOHN Y. COLE "copyright business" of registrationtheir inventions and innovative II ibraries, Creativity, Liberty,"and deposit was transferred from theideas and designs. It will travel next Lthe theme of the Library'sfederal courts to the Library. The lawto the Cooper-Hewitt Design Mu- Bicentennial, recognizes thatallrequired all authors, poets, artists,seum in New York, where it will libraries promote creativity. composers and map makers tobe on display from Oct. 12 through By maintaining and sharing theirdeposit in the Library two copies ofJan. 9, 2000. collections, encouraging researchevery book,- pamphlet, map, print Opening on April 24, 2000, "The and raising awareness about booksand piece of music registered in theWizard of Oz: An American Fairy and other materials, libraries play aUnited States. The Library of Con-Tale," marks the centennial of central role in the development ofgress thus acquired not only a thor-L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wiz- American creativity. As the nation'sough and relatively inexpensiveard of Oz. Using the Library's exten- largest and most diverse library,means of building a national collec-sive collection of first editions, arti- which will be 200 on April 24, 2000tion, but also a new constituency:facts and films, the exhibition will (www.loc.gov/bicentennial), theauthors, musicians, artists and otherexamine the creation of this timeless Library of Congress performs all ofcreators who needed the protectionAmerican classic and trace its rapid these functions. of copyright. and enduring success. Copyright The Library of Congress, however, deposits related to The Wizard of Oz also performs a unique national roleCreativity and Projects of the will form the core of this exhibition, in preserving and promoting creativ-Library's Bicentennial which also includes Baum's original ity: It is the official copyright agency On Oct. 6, 1997, Dr. Billington an-copyright application. of the United States. In Article I, Sec-nounced the overall Bicentennial goal: "I Hear America Singing," a threetion 8 of the U.S. Constitution, the"to inspire creativity in the centuryyear Bicentennial series of concerts, Founding Fathers gave Congress theahead by stimulating public use of therecordings and educational pro- power "To promote the Progress ofLibrary of Congress and libraries ev-grams, will be launched by the Science and the Useful Arts, byerywhere." Many of our BicentennialLibrary's Music Division beginning securing for limited Times to Au-events explore the creative spirit. this October. Taking its title from thors and Inventors the exclusive "The Work of Charles and RayWalt Whitman's poem "I Hear Right to their respective WritingsEames: A Legacy of Invention,"America Singing," the series will and Discoveries." In 1790, 10 yearswhich was seen at the Library fromexplore the breadth and significance before the Library of Congress wasMay 20 through Sept. 4, celebratedof America's musical heritage from created, Congress approved theAmerican creativity. The EamesesColonial days to the end of the 20th copyright law. In 1870 the entirechanged the face of America withcentury. The series will emphasize

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Two Library of Congress Bicentennial exhibitions emphasize the theme of creativity: "The Work of Charles and Ray Eames: A Legacy of Invention" (above), which will open in New York City on Oct. 12, and "The Wizard of Oz: An American Fairy Tale," which opens on the Library's 200th birthday, April 24, 2000.

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a. ...-.-...)eAI), . 1 ..._...... -- ...."....,. In his letter to Rep. Rep. Thomas Jenckes of Rhode Island, ,is ,y ... c. 7 4 ii., Zd.; e.w....7. Librarian Spofford argued that the Library of Congress ati,...Z-:. r.....:1,-G ..._ y s...... 7 c.,4-i4X-7Z--).. -.:. ,--.41 -1, should be the central agency for copyright registration and illZ--21., ,11.--Z-..4 of--- . --4----e-ZZ.,---,...A,li-/-- for custody of copyright deposits.These copyright deposits awaited sorting, counting and classification when they were --e-/-- 7(G. v eidy,v.e..4 -01-.:.,,...... , 7.-ai c . i moved from the Capitol to the new Library building in 1897. the American musical experience asThomas A. Jenckes of Rhode Island,first national venue for creating, documented in the Library's collec-outlining "some leading reasons whypresenting and preserving chamber tions of popular song, sacred music,the transfer of the entire copyrightmusic. Other kinds of performances, band music, choral music, chamberbusiness to the Library of Congressthe commissioning of works and the music, folk music, "America's Voice:would promote the public interest."broadcasting of concerts soon fol- Rhythm & Blues, Jazz, Country, RockPreviously, U.S. District Courts carried lowed, establishing a model for other & Roll to Rap," and "Music and Mul-out the copyright function; there wasand later forms of Library of Con- timedia: The Widening World." no single Copyright Office. gress outreach. Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky's Jenckes agreed and attached the pro- Poet and writer Archibald Mac- Favorite Poem project was launchedposal to a bill revising the patent laws.Leish, Librarian of Congress in 1939- in April 1998 with poetry readingsJenckes's bill passed Congress easily,1944, established the Library's exhi- in New York, Washington, Boston,and when it was signed into law bybitions program and made major St. Louis and Los Angeles. The project President Grant on July 8, 1870, thestrides in establishing a public pres- will create an audio and video archivesLibrary of Congress became the firstence and role for the institution. of Americans of all ages, backgrounds central agency for copyright registra-In particular, he used his personal and walks of life saying their favoritetion and for the custody of copyrightcontacts to create new and enduring poems. One thousand audio and 200 deposits in the United States. relationships between the Library video tapes will be presented to the By 1897, when the Library movedand the world of letters scholars, Library's Archive of Recorded Poetryfrom the Capitol into its new build-writers and poets. His many accom- and Literature. The first tapes will being, approximately 400,000 musicplishments included the inaugura- presented on April 3-4 as part of theitems had been added to its collec-tion of a series of readings by distin- Bicentennial symposium "Poetry andtions, mostly as copyright deposits.guished American poets (1941), the the American People." ParticipantsToday the Library's music archives isestablishment of the Archive of will include Mr. Pinsky and three otherthe largest in the world, numberingHispanic Literature on Tape (1942) poets, all named by Dr. Billington asclose to 8 million items, includingand, in 1943, the creation of the special consultants during the Bicen-musical scores, manuscripts of com-consultantship in poetry (now called tennial year: Rita Dove, W.S. Merwinmissioned works and recordings ofPoet Laureate) and the Archive of and Louise Gluck. musical performances. In 1925, onRecorded Poetry and Literature. the recommendation of Herbert As the Library heads toward its Copyright, Music and Putnam, Librarian of Congress fromthird century, it looks forward to Literary Milestones 1899 to 1939, Congress accepted aplaying a major role in fostering The Library's "copyright hero" issubstantialgiftfromElizabethAmerican creativity in the third mil- Ainsworth Rand Spofford, LibrarianSprague Coolidge for the construc-lennium. of Congress from 1864 to 1897. Ontion of an auditorium that would be April 9, 1870, when the Library wasdedicated to the performance ofJohn Cole is co-chair of the Library's still in the U.S. Capitol building,chamber music. This gift expanded Bicentennial Steering Committee and Spofford wrote a lengthy letter to Rep. the Music Division's role into thedirector of the Center for the Book.

SEPTEMBER 1999 211 22 o

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Theodore Roosevelt from "TR at Baltimore" (1918); on Oct. 11,1910, he became the firstpresident to fly in an airplane, with Arch Hoxsey at St. Louis, Mo. The First Presidential 'PictureMan' Theodore Roosevelt and His Timeson Film

BY KAREN C. LUND sides containing scenes of Roosevelt, lion also compiled some of this footage Roosevelt "is such an overmas- these films include views of worldto make silent documentaries on tering personality that we go figures, politicians, monarchs andvarious aspects of Roosevelt's life, the length of expressing the friends and family members ofsuch as his trip on the River of Doubt hope that moving pictures of Roosevelt who influenced his lifein Brazil and the building of the him may be preserved in safe and the era in which he lived. FourRoosevelt Dam. custody for future reference. sound recordings made by Roosevelt In 1962 the association gave its film What would the public of this for the Edison Co. in 1912 during thecollection of 381 titles to the Library of country give today tosee Progressive campaign are also in-Congress, where it currently resides. Abraham Lincoln or George cluded on the site. No doubt the au-For the on-line presentation, a selec- Washington in their habits as thor of the 1910 article from whichtion of 87 films from the collection they lived, in moving picture the above quotes appear would havewere chosen to represent as many dif- form? Don't you think the been pleased to see that the Libraryferent times and phases of Roosevelt's student, the historian, the bio- of Congress has indeed preservedlife and career as possible. grapher, the patriot would be films of Roosevelt "in safe custody" The Theodore Roosevelt Association glad to see moving pictures of in the Motion Picture, BroadcastingCollection is predominantly composed these great men?... It is the and Recorded Sound Division, andof films made after his presidency. To same with Mr. Roosevelt." that some are readily available to allamplify the few films in this collection The Moving Picture World, via the World Wide Web, thanks tothat were made during his presidency, Oct. 22, 1910 the collaborative work of the divi-17 films from the Paper Print Collec- Although William McKinley wassion and the National Digital Librarytion were added to the on-line presen- the first U.S. president to appearProgram. in a motion picture, Theodore Roose- The majority of the velt was the first to have his career andfilms on the site are from life chronicled on a large scale by mo-the Theodore Roosevelt tion picture companies. RooseveltAssociationCollection. courted the press and the media like noFounded in 1919 after his other president had before. He madedeath, the association was such an impression on camera that theorganized to perpetuate journal Moving Picture World referred to the legacy of Theodore him as "more than a picture personal-Roosevelt. As part of its Alb ity he is A PICTURE MAN." mission, it amassed a col- Available at www.loc.gov, a newlection of motion pictures American Memory Web presenta-relating to the life and tion, "Theodore Roosevelt: His Lifetimes of the former presi- and Times on Film," is testament todent. Much of the footage this, as evidenced by the 104 films onwas taken from newsreels The former president speaking in support of the site that record events in his lifeand other actuality films Liberty Loans during World War I at Oriole from 1898 to his death in 1919. Be-of the time. The associa- Park in "TR at Baltimore" (1918). 212 222 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

4.4bkSS .....,1=1611 tation. These films show Roosevelt inRoosevelt was often various public appearances while hein front of the camera, was president. Other films from theopenly engaging jour- Paper Print Collection show Rooseveltnalists and filmmakers. in events relating to the Spanish-He traveled widely in American War before he was electedhis duties and is shown president. (The Library's Paper Printinfilmsattending Collection contains some of the earliestthe Army-Navy football films ever made, which were depos-game in Philadelphia, ited for copyright in 1894-1915 as posi-greeting a foreign digni- tive photographs, frequently on rollstary (Prince Henry of as celluloid film would be.) Prussia), appearing at The four Edison sound recordingsthe Charleston and the featuring Roosevelt speaking on hisSt. Louis expositions, progressive political views were alsoand touring San Fran- given to the Library by the Theodore cisco. Theodore Roosevelt displayed his vigorous Roosevelt Association in 1982 along In his second term,campaigning style before the newsreel cam- with other assorted sound recordingsRoosevelt worked toeras; TR examines a gun before presenting it relating to the former president. bring a peace settlementto Chief Okawahki in "TR in Africa" (1909). The earliest extant film of Roose-to the Russo-Japanese velt is "Theodore Roosevelt LeavingWar in 1905. Delegates the White House." The film was pro-from both nations were duced when he was making a nameinvited to Portsmouth, for himself as assistant secretary ofN.H., to facilitate this. the Navy in 1898, ardently battlingThree films on the Web for the United States to prepare forsite show the visiting war with Spain. When war was de-Japanese and Russian clared, he resigned to serve as a lieu-diplomats. A treaty was tenant colonel in the Spanish-Ameri- signed between the two can War and won acclaim with hisnations on Sept. 2, 1905, Rough Riders for their part in theand Roosevelt was later Battle of San Juan Hill. Two films on to receive a Nobel Peace the site show Roosevelt during this Prize for his efforts. period, "Roosevelt's Rough Riders" Rooseveltalsoac- and "President Roosevelt and thequired the right for the Rough Riders," the latter copy-United States to build a canal in After Africa, Roosevelt traveled to righted with the title after he had be-Panama and visited the country him-Europe, where a fascinated continent come president, even though the filmself in November 1906, the first time atreated him as if he were still head of had been produced earlier. president in office had ever visited astate. While there, he met with Em- As Roosevelt rose in political circles,foreign nation. Footage of the firstperor Franz Josef of Austria, Kaiser he was inaugurated as vice presidentpresident of Panama, Manuel AmadorWilhelm of Germany, Crown Prince to William McKinley on March 4, 1901.Guerrero, greeting Roosevelt at theChristian of Denmark and King The film "Terrible Teddy, the Grizzlycathedral in Panama City is availableHaakon of Norway. "TR's Return King" shows how Roosevelt wasin two films in the collection, "TRfrom Africa, 1910" and "TR in Nor- already being perceived as a mediaSpeaking in Panama, November 1906" way and Denmark, 1910" show star. The satiric film made fun ofand "TR's Arrival in Panama, Novem-Roosevelt meeting with the various Roosevelt's reputation as a bear hunterber 1906." There is also footage of one monarchs and dignitaries and also by showing an actor dressed asof William H. Taft's visits to Panama asgoing to ceremonies to accept the Roosevelt hunting a house cat while president. Nobel Peace Prize in Norway for his being followed by his press agent and Following his presidency, Rooseveltefforts in ending the Russo-Japanese photographer. embarked on an expedition to AfricaWar. McKinley's assassination in Septem-for the Smithsonian Institution to gain When King Edward VII of England ber 1901 at the Pan-American Exposi- animal specimens. The footage on thedied while Roosevelt was still in tion in Buffalo catapulted RooseveltWeb site was most likely filmed inEurope,PresidentTaft asked into the presidency, and several filmsBritish East Africa, now Kenya. ScenesRoosevelt to represent the United exist documenting the funeral events.of Mombasa, the plains along theStates at the funeral, shown in both Roosevelt can be seen at the funeral inUganda Railway, and Masai tribes-"TR's Return from Africa, 1910" and Canton, Ohio, in "President Rooseveltpeople are included in the film "TR in"King Edward's Funeral, 1910." The at the Canton Station." (In addition,Africa." A rainmaker appears per-funeral was the last time before American Memory has another Webforming a ritual dance, and what areWorld War I when so many mon- presentation focusing on McKinley,probably Kikuyu or Masai tribes-archsofEurope, most related "The Last Days of a President.") people perform dances in front of thethrough marriage, would be able to During his first term as president,camera. meet together. SEPTEMBER 1999 `23 213 When he returned to New York,The river, which the expedition Roosevelt was met with great acclaim.mapped, was ultimately named Rio His boat was escorted by a battleship, Roosevelt, or Rio Teodoro, for him. a destroyer flotilla and other smallerThe film chronicling this voyage boats, and a water parade followed.was compiled by the Roosevelt As- Hundreds of people greeted him, andsociation and titled "The River of thousands of people lined BroadwayDoubt." Although most of the film as he proceeded in a carriage withfootage taken on Roosevelt's jour- some Rough Riders providing escort,ney was lost in an accident in the as evidenced by "TR's Return to Newrapids, the documentary film con- York, 1910." tains some of the extant footage and Even though he was no longer presi-photographs along with shots dent, Roosevelt's activities kept him intaken on a subsequent journey front of the cameras. On Oct. 11,1910,down the river by George M. Dyott he flew in an airplane at St. Louis, Mo.,in 1927 for the Roosevelt Memorial the first time a U.S. president had everAssociation. During his journey, flown in an airplane. The biplane wasRoosevelt became so ill and dis- piloted by Arch Hoxsey, and theabled that he considered suicide to former president's daring was immor-avoid slowing down his traveling talized on film. companions, but he later said that In addition, his presence at the offi-he knew his son Kermit, who was cial dedication of the Roosevelt Damalso on the trip, would not abandon Theodore Roosevelt strikes a char- was filmed on March 18, 1911. Severalhis body in the jungle and that heacteristic pose in a 1903 photo- films in the presentation focus onhad no choice but to come out alive. graphic portrait by the Rockwood the Roosevelt Dam, which emergedSome of the ailments plaguing him Photo Co. largely as the result of his reclamationwere malaria, a cellulitis infection efforts while president. The film "Theand an abscess in his buttock. Dur-turned his attention to campaigning for Roosevelt Dam," compiled by theing the six-week trip, he had lost athe war efforts, and many films record his Roosevelt Memorial Association, goes quarter of his weight. After this trip, wartime crusading. His sons went to fight into great detail on his commitment tohis health was permanently wors-in the war, and he lost his son Quentin the reclamation of desert land and hisened and was probably a factor inwhen he was shot down behind German belief that natural resources existed forhis death six years later, in 1919. lines. Roosevelt can be seen in films such the public benefit. In 1916 Roosevelt was encour-as "TR in Baltimore During Liberty Loan Disappointed with the Republicanaged by many to run for presidentDrive, 1918" wearing a black armband in Party and its continued support foragain, a notion he entertained, but memory of his son. Taft in the face of popular support forultimately declined. He did, how- Roosevelt died in 1919 as a result of a himself, he ran for the presidencyever, travel to New Mexico, wherepulmonary embolism. That same year, again in 1912 on the newly formedhe campaigned for the Republicanthe Roosevelt Association was estab- Progressive Party ticket. He cam-candidate, Charles E. Hughes. Twolished, and in the following years many paigned actively for the election, butfilms captured histours andcommemorative events and services were ultimately lost to the Democratic can-speechmaking in New Mexico, "TRheld in his honor, several of which were didate, Woodrow Wilson. Films of hisin New Mexico, 1916" and "TR'scaptured on film. Notable figures such as daily life at his home Sagamore Hill,Reception in Albuquerque, N.M.,Prince Edward of England (later to be such as "A Visit to Theodore Roosevelt 1916." King Edward VIII, better known as the at His Home at Sagamore Hill," made Numerous other films exist thatDuke of Windsor) and King Albert of Bel- by Pathe Freres, were made as interestshow Roosevelt during the lattergium can be seen on film paying homage in his campaign grew. The four soundperiod of his life making speechesto Roosevelt by visiting his grave. recordings on the Web site are excerptsfrom Sagamore Hill and attending Ultimately, the American Memory from speeches Roosevelt made duringvarious public events. In theseRoosevelt Web site is a remarkable record his Progressive campaign. In them, hefilms, one can see him speakingof a prominent life lived before the cam- expounded his populist policies, stat-with women suffragettes, receivingera. As America's first media president, ing his view that the people shouldBelgian envoys and visiting neigh-living at a time when the United States rule in a democracy and not be subjectbors at Christmastime. was first becoming a world power, the to corrupt government, and that better As war loomed in Europe, Roose- films and recordings of his life serve as living and working conditions shouldvelt became increasingly convincedvaluable documents of the history of the be provided for the average man and that the United States needed to pre-early part of this century. woman. pare for it, and he opposed those In 1913 Roosevelt traveled to Southwho spoke for peace at all cost. Karen C. Lund is a digital conversion America to deliver several lectures. HeWhen the United States finally did specialist for the National Digital Library was invited to go on an expeditionjoin the World War, he volunteeredProgram in the Motion Picture, down the previously unexplored Riverto serve abroad, but Wilson deniedBroadcasting and Recorded Sound of Doubt, or the Rio da Duvida.his request. Thwarted, Roosevelt Division.

214 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 224 Coolidge & Quilts Two New American Memory Collections Debut

/1 prosperity and Thrift: The that is, those for whom 1. Coolidge Era and the quiltmaking was an integral Consumer Economy, 1921- part of their lives in a rural 1929" is a new presentation economy. Their stories include available from the Library's learning to make quilts from American Memory Web site at older relatives, using remnants www.loc.gov. The siteas- from home sewing and re-creat- sembles an array of Library of ing patterns passed down from Congress sourcematerials earlier generations. These inter- from the 1920s that document views, recorded in 1978, docu- the widespread prosperity of ment an important transition in the Coolidge years, the nation's tran-"Quilts and Quiltmaking in America." quiltmaking history: the early influ- sition to a mass consumer economyThe materials are from the Americanences of its late-20th century revival. and the role of government in thisFolklife Center of the Library of Con-At the time of the Blue Ridge inter- transition. gress: the Blue Ridge Parkway Folklife views, quilting was practiced prima- The collection includes nearly 150Project Collection (1978) and the con-rily as an individual or local activity by selections from 12 collections of per-test winners from the 1992, 1994 andolder women, and there were as yet sonal papers and two collections of in- 1996 All-American Quilt Contest spon- few indications of growing general stitutional papers; 74 books, pam-sored by Coming Home, a division ofpopularity. phlets and legislative documents, Lands' End, and Good Housekeeping. The other major portion of "Quilts including selections from 34 consumerTogether these collections provide aand Quiltmaking" features entries and trade journals; 185 photographs;glimpse into America's diverse quilt- from the Lands' End All-American and five short films and seven audio ing traditions. Quilt Contest, including approxi- selections of Coolidge speeches. The quilt documentation from the mately 180 winning quilts from across The site is particularly strong in ad-Blue Ridge Parkway Folklife Project,the United States. In 1992 the Coming vertising and mass-marketing materi- an ethnographic field study conductedHome Division of Lands' End Direct als and will be of special interest toby the American Folklife Center in co-Merchants teamed up with Good those seeking to understand economic operation with the National Park Ser- Housekeeping magazine to sponsor an and political forces at work in thevice, includes 229 photographs and"All- American Quilt Contest." From 1920s. The production of this collection 181 recorded interviews with sixthe entries received, judges selected was made possible by the generousquilters in Appalachian North Caro-both a first-prize winner from each support of Laurance S. and Marylina and Virginia. These materialsstate and a national winner. The con- French Rockefeller. document quilts and quilting withintest was repeated in 1994 and 1996, "Prosperity and Thrift" containsthe context of daily life and reflect awith the theme "If Quilts Could Talk." especially rich resources on Africanrange of backgrounds, motivationsMany quiltmakers took the opportu- Americans in the consumer eco-and aesthetic sensibilities. nity to share the stories of their quilts, nomy. While many African Ameri- The Blue Ridge interviews were con-and while a collection of prize winners cans, especially in the South, experi-ducted in a limited geographic areamay not represent the full range of enced continuing poverty and hard-over a period of two months with aAmerican quilts, their stories, motiva- ship in the 1920s, the decade was also small number of women identified bytions and meanings connect them with to some extent an era of opportuni-the researchers as traditional quiltershundreds of thousands of other quilts ties. The pursuit of a higher stan- that decorate beds, comfort children, dard of living, increased personal document weddings and birthdays, autonomy and less discrimination and give pleasure to the makers and led many African Americans to mi- their loved ones. grate to the urban North from rural American Memory is a project of areas in the South. the National Digital Library Pro- Merchandising and advertising gram of the Library of Congress, during the Coolidge years are also a which now offers more than 2.5 mil- focus of the collection. The policies lion items in more than 60 diverse of the Coolidge administration collections of on-line materials from supported business and spurred the world's largest library. By 2000, tremendous commercial growth. A the Bicentennial of the Library, more second new on-line presentation than 6 million items will be available showcases American craftsmanship as part of the Library's Bicentennial at its finest and most colorful in "Gift to the Nation."

SEPTEMBER 1999 215 225 * of

`I Hear America Singing' Library Announces 1999-2000 ConcertSeason

Oct. 1 is the kickoff date for a specialwill also present and document for its Concerto Italiano, with acclaimed commemorative series of Librarynewly established Martha Grahamconductor and harpsichordist Rinaldo of Congress concerts, broadcasts, re-Collection a program of major GrahamAlessandrini, programs Monteverdi's cordings and educational programsworks that also includes early works Lamento D'Arianna, with contralto Sara that will be presented in celebration ofand solos, among them Heretic, FrontierMingardo; the 22-person Concerto the 200th birthday of the Library of Con- and Deep Song. Köln offers Mendelssohn's String gress, which occurs on April 24, 2000. World premieres of two Library ofSymphony No. 9 and Molart's Con- Taking its theme from a WaltCongress commissions are slated forcerto for Piano and Strings, K. 414. Whitman poem, "I Hear America1999-2000. San Francisco-based jazzAnd violinist and conductor Jaime Singing," the three-year series encom-composer and pianist Jon Jang willLaredo celebrates the 40th anniversary passes classical and popular composi-perform his composition for piano andof his Carnegie Hall debut in a special tions, sacred and secular pieces, musicerhu (Chinese violin), The Temple of aprogram of Bach and Mozart concertos from America's cities and songs fromDrum, written in honor of drummerwith the Brandenburg Ensemble and its heartland. Exploring the breadthMax Roach; and violinist Rolf Schultethe young American violinist Leila and significance of American musicaland pianist Alan Feinberg unveil DuoJosefowicz. heritage from Colonial days to the endin Two Parts by Dina Koston, Washing- For further information about the of the 20th century, the Library of Congress concert series, call Bicentennial music project, (202) 707-5502; or visit "Concerts from "I Hear America Singing," the Library of Congress" on the will be presented by the Library's Web site at www.loc.gov/re Library's Music Division, perform/concert. which won the ASCAP- Tickets are required for all Chamber Music America Library of Congress concerts, Award for Adventuresome and they will be distributed Programming in 1998. by TicketMaster, at (301) 808- The American Classical 6900 or (202) 432-SEAT, for a Music Hall of Fame named nominal service charge of $2 the Library's Music Divi- per ticket, with additional sion an institutional mem- charges for phone orders and ber in 1999. Its long-run- handling. Callers outside the ning internationally recog- Washington, Baltimore and nized chamber music series Northern Virginia area may was initiated in 1925 by dial (800) 551-SEAT. Tickets philanthropistElizabethSpragueton composer and co-artistic directorare also available at TicketMaster Coolidge. "Mrs. Coolidge was a vi- of the Theater Chamber Players. outlets; for a complete list of outlets, sionary philanthropist who built the Framing the season are two concertscall TicketMaster at (202) 432-SEAT Library's renowned concert hall, thethat illuminate the rich Library of Con-or visit TicketMaster on the Web at Coolidge Auditorium, and endowed a gress holdings in the field of Americanwww.ticketmaster.com. Tickets will foundation to support our concert se-musical theater: a concert by masterbe available approximately five ries and the creation of new composi-song stylist Bobby Short and hisweeks before each concert. Please tions," said Jon Newsom, the MusicOrchestra opens the series on Oct. 1,note one exception: the sale date for Division's chief. "She was responsibleand a 70th birthday tribute to StephenBobby Short's Oct. 1 appearance was for an extraordinary musical legacySondheim closes the season on May 22. Aug. 30 and tickets may already be that we honor today by continuing the For chamber music aficionados, sea- unavailable. distinguished performing and com-son highlights include concerts by a Tickets for Library of Congress missioning traditions she establishedquartet of superb string quartets,events sell out quickly, but there are in chamber music and dance." American, German and British: theoften empty seats at concert time. The Martha Graham Dance Com-Juilliard, the Hagen, the Artemis andPatrons are encouraged to try for no- pany will return to the Library of Con-the Eroica. Ensemble Sarband, calledshow tickets by appearing at the gress in November for three perfor-"the most original ensemble in earlywill-call desk by 6:30 p.m. on con- mances of one of the most importantmusic" by Neue Musikzeitung, bringscerts nights. All concerts are pre- Coolidge commissions, the classictogether musicians from Bulgaria,sented in the Library's Coolidge Au- 1944 Martha Graham-Aaron CoplandLebanon, Germany and Turkey forditorium, located on the ground ballet, Appalachian Spring. Through the Sefarad, a program tracing music offloor of the Thomas Jefferson Build- generous support of the Doris DukeSephardic Jews in the Mediterraneaning, First Street and Independence Charitable Foundation, the Libraryand the Ottoman Empire. Avenue S.E.

216 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 2.26 0

1999-2000 Library of Congress Concert Season Calendar All concerts take place in the Coolidge Auditorium, Jefferson Building, at 8 p.m. (Programs subject to change without notice.) Friday, Oct. 1 Friday, Dec. 17 for Strings; Marini: Pa ssacaglia for Bobby Short and His Orchestra. Songs The Juilliard String Quartet. ProgramStrings; Monteverdi: Lamento d'Arianna; both unknown and familiar by Cole Porter, will include Mendelssohn's Quartet no. 3 Farina: Capriccio Stravagante; Bononcini: Richard Rodgers, Jerome Kern, Harold in D Major, op. 44, no. 1, and BartOk's Quar- Sinfonia da Chiesa; Pergolesi: Salve Regina; Arlen and other popular songwriters. tet No. 2. Ticket sale date: Nov. 15 Legrenzi: Sonata from La Cetra; Corelli: Ticket sale date: Aug. 30 Concerto Grosso, op. 6, no.4. Ticket sale Mondays /Thursdays, Jan. 10-24 date: Feb. 21 Thursday-Friday, Oct. 7-8 Jazz Film Series. Mary Pickford Theater, The Juilliard String Quartet. Haydn: Madison Building, LM 302. Presented in co- Friday, April 7 Quartet in C Major, op.76, no. 3 operation with the Motion Picture, Broad- La Luna Ensemble for 17th Century "Emperor"; Webern: Six Bagatelles, op. 9; casting and Recorded Sound Division. For Music. Sprezzatura: Virtuoso Variations, Stravinsky: Three Pieces for String Quartet;the screening schedule, visit the Web site atSonatas and Fantasias. Ingrid Matthews and Beethoven: Quartet in A Minor, op. 132,www.loc.govireperform/concert or callScott Metcalfe, violins; Emily Walhout, Ticket sale date: Sept. 13 (202) 707-5677. No tickets required. viola da gamba, cello; Byron Schenkman, harpsichord,organ. Presented under the Friday, Oct. 29 Thursday, Feb. 3 auspices of the Mae and Irving Jurow Stephen Salters, Baritone. Winner of the The Artemis Quartet. Mozart: Quartet Fund. Ticket sale date: Feb. 28 1999 Walter W. Naumburg Vocal Competi- in D Minor, K. 421; Ligeti: Quartet no. 2; tion. Ticket sale date: Sept. 20 Beethoven: Quartet in F Major, op. 135. Friday, April21 Ticket sale date: Dec. 27 Carter Brey, cello, and Christopher Saturday, Oct. 30 O'Riley, piano. Program to be announced. Da Camera of Houston (Coolidge An-Wednesday, Feb. 9 Ticket sale date: March 6 niversary Concert). Ravel: Chansons Made- Brandenburg Ensemble: Jaime Laredo, casses, for mezzo-soprano, flute, cello and violin and viola; Leila Josefowicz, violin; Thursday-Friday, April 27-28 piano (Coolidge Foundation commission); and Reiko Uchida, piano. Music of J.S. Bach, The Beaux Arts Trio. Program to be Tsontakis: Heartsounds, for violin, viola, Mozart and Zwilich. Ticket date: Jan. 3 announced. Ticket sale date: March 13 double-bass, piano; Messiaen: Quartet for the End of Time. Ticket sale date: Sept. 20 Thursday-Friday, Feb. 24-25 Monday, May 1 The Juilliard String Quartet. Music The Hagen Quartet. Ravel: Quartet in Saturday, Nov. 13 of Mendelssohn, Shostakovich andF Major; Webern: Five Pieces, Op. 5; The Beijing Trio. World premiere perfor- Beethoven. Ticket sale date: Jan. 17 Beethoven: Quartet in B-flat Major, op. 130. mance, "The Temple of a Drum," commis- Ticket sale date: March 20 sioned by the Library of Congress McKim Friday, March 3 Fund; Jon Jang, pianist-composer, JieBing Ensemble Sarband. Sefarad: Music ofThursday-Friday, May 11-12 Chen, erhu (Chinese violin), Max Roach, Spanish Jews in the Mediterranean and The Juilliard String Quartet with trapset drums. Ticket sale date: Oct. 4 the Ottoman Empire. Fadia el-Hage, voice; Warren Jones, piano. Haydn: Quartet in A hmet Kadri Rizeli, kemenge, percussion; B-flat Major, Op. 64, No. 3; Sur: Berceuse, Wednesday-Friday, Nov. 17-19 Ihsan Ozer, kanun; Vladimir Ivanoff,for violin and piano; Schumann: Piano The Martha Graham Dance Company. percussion, oud and musical direction. Quintet. Ticket sale date: March 27 Key works from the 1930s, including the Ticket sale date: Jan. 24 legendary Heretic and Frontier, Deep Song Thursday, May 18-Sat, May 20 and other solos. A dramatic staging ofFriday, March 10 Piano 300 Symposium "The Piano Is selected letters of the Graham-Copland Rolf Schulte, violin; Alan Feinberg,300 Years Old: What's It Been Doing All correspondence for Appalachian Spring will piano; William Purvis, French horn. DinaThis Time?" Presented under the auspices precede the performance of this classic bal- Koston: Duo in Two Parts (commissionedof the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian let. Ticket sale date: Oct. 11 by the McKim Fund in the Library of Con- Institution and Bates College; schedule to gress); and music by Brahms, Ligeti and be announced. No tickets required Thursday, Dec. 2 Bartok. Ticket sale date: Feb. 7 The Eroica String Quartet. U.S. Debut Friday, May 19 concert: Mendelssohn: Quartet no. 1 inThursday, March 23 Robert Taub, piano. Haydn: Sonata in E-Flat Major, op. 12; Beethoven: Quartet in The Four Tops: Symposium and per-E-flat Major, Hob. XVI:52; Beethoven: E-Flat Major, op. 74 "Harp"; Schumann:formance. Moderated by Norman Middle- Sonata in E Major, Op. 109; Babbitt: Quartet in A Major, op. 41, no. 3. Ticket sale ton and Suzanne Smith. Ticket sale date:Canonic Forms. Ticket sale date: April 10 date: Nov. 1 Feb. 14 Monday, May 22 Friday, Dec. 3 Friday, March 24 Stephen Sondheim Salute: 70th Birth- The American Chamber Players. Miles Concerto Koln. Period-instrument or- day Celebration. Paul Gemigniani, Music Hoffman, artistic director. Schubert: Octet chestra from Germany; with soloists Sylvie Director. A special 70th birthday tribute to in F-Major, D. 803, with other works to be Kraus, violin, and Ludwig Semerjian, pi- a titanic figure in the history of the Ameri- announced. Ticket sale date: Nov. 1 ano. Music of Dall'abaco, J. S. Bach, Mozart can musical theater: a concert version of his and Mendelssohn. Ticket date: Feb. 14 rarely heard 1974 musical, The Frogs, based Friday, Dec. 10 on the comedy by Aristophanes, and a se- The New York Festival of Song. Michael Friday, March 31 lection of Sondheim's favorite songs by Barrett and Stephen Blier, co-artistic direc- Concerto Italiano. Sara Mingardo, other writers, offered with the composer's tors. The Great American Songwriting contralto; Rinaldo Alessandrini, conduc- personal commentary. Ticket sale date: Teams. Ticket sale date: Nov. 8 tor, harpsichord. Castello: Two Sonatas April 17

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`Language of the Land' Library Publishes Book of Literary Maps

The Library has just published Lan- guage of the Land: The Library of Congress Book of Literary Maps, an annotated, illustrated guide to more than 230 maps in the collections of the Library's Geography and Map Division. It features photographs of the maps with more than 20 in full color. The authors are Martha Hopkins of the Interpretive Programs Office and Michael Buscher of the Geography and Map Division. The book culminates an education and reading promotion project funded by a generous grant to the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress from the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund. Follow- ing is an article based on Ms. Hopkins's introduction to the book. "There ain't anything that is so interesting to look at as a place that a book has talked about."

Mark Twain Dick Martin Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) The Wonderful World of Oz (1988) is an extensive map based on BY MARTHA HOPKINS L. Frank Baum's 13 books describing the adventures of Dorothy, the Tcover terrain successfully, weWizard and other characters in the land of Oz. I need maps. Traversing the "literary terrain" requires a special kind ofated with a literary tradition, an indi-a certain town or of a street in that town. map. Literary maps record the locationvidual author or a specific work. Some But unlike a general map, a literary of places, whether real or imaginary,maps highlight an entire country's lit-map has a specific message. associated with authors and theirerary heritage; others feature authors Most literary maps are not drawn to works. They may present places associ-identified with a particular city, state,scale and contain little detailed infor- region or country. Maps can featuremation on topography, geology or the real places connected with an indi-locations of towns, rivers, roads and vidual author, literary character orother features. They are often simpli- . `,-.1 book, such as those featuring Janefied outlines of an area, featuring large Austen's England, the London ofimages of authors, buildings and geo- illifilgrAo .i.:71231Pe-". Sherlock Holmes or the settings ingraphical features associated with au- Herman Melville's Moby Dick. Or they thors, characters and scenes from liter- =LIMIT ) 4` le t,.,211,111- 7 '-'---41 may show wholly imaginary land- ary works. These elements, rather than I. scapes such as Oz, Middle Earth orthe traditional elements of a general Never-Neverland. map, command the viewer's attention. .. . ,.;f4 '. - Although they may depict actualLiterary maps depict ideas as much as places, literary maps generally portrayplaces and present a world in which eingueveof&Loyd them with the power of imaginationauthors and books are the dominant rather than with geographic accuracy.features. For readers, the geographic They differ from most reference mapsknowledge can serve as a framework in the kind and quantity of informationon which to fit the life of an author or Language of the Land: The Libraryprovided. Because there is no way tothe adventures of a book. of Congress Book of Literary Mapsdetermine what information someone Residents of a particular area enjoy is a 304-page, hardbound bookmay need, a general map contains arecognizing on a map names of authors available for $50 from the Librarylarge amount of detail. However, nowell known in their locale. Most liter- of Congress Sales Shop at (202)one part of it is emphasized, and noth-ary maps presuppose some knowledge 707-0204 or from the Superin-ing distracts the eye too much or callson the part of the viewer, which tendent of Documents, P.O. Boxparticular attention to itself. Users ap-explains why they are almost always 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. proach such a map to acquire certainassociated with well-known books, It has become a Library best-seller. information perhaps the location ofauthors and traditions.

218 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 228 * 0

Nl* * SS In addition to celebrating familiarin their cultural heri- works, literary maps demonstrate thetage, as well as the re- importance of geography in fiction. Ingionalism that has long the words of Eudora Welty in "Place inbeen a predominant fea- Fiction" (1987): ture of American litera- Surely once we have named [a ture. Furthermore, writ- place], we have put a kind of ers sometimes become poetic claim on its existence; the celebrities, and people's claim works even out of sight self-esteem may be en- may work forever sight unseen. hanced when they real- ... Being shown how to locate, to ize they share home place, any account is what does ground with literary most toward making us believe stars. For example, a it, not merely allowing us to, state that does not rank may the account be the facts or a high in per capita in- lie; and that is where place in fic- come or quality of its tion comes in. Fiction is a lie. educational system may Never in its inside thoughts, boast a rich literary heri- always in its outside dress. tage, and a map can fos- Furthermore, as the spread of identi-ter pride in that heritage cal fast-food chains and shoppingamong the state's school- malls have made the United States andchildren. Moreover, be- the rest of the world more uniform,cause regional pride people have experienced a counterbal-plays a major force in ancing desire to celebrate those thingsthe creation of literary that make one place and one group dif-maps, the line between ferent from another. Therefore, a sense the literary and the his- of place, of which literary maps form atorical is often amor- part, has assumed new importance. phous: a number of the Molly Maguire, Mike Cressy Celebration of place is also a form of maps include historical The Literary Map of Latin America (1988) patriotism and taking pride in one'splaces and figures, as roots. The great number of maps of U.S. well as representations'of state seals,books and authors. A few of the maps states and regions featured in theflags, flowers, birds, the state capitolwere even produced by map-publish- Library of Congress collections reflectbuilding and historic monuments. ing companies. the pride of residents of various states Other motives for producing maps The maps in the book demonstrate range from the commercialhow the canon of American literature (advertising a product) to thehas changed substantially over time. altruistic (promoting love of After World War I, for example, the in- reading) and the line be-fluence of the "schoolroom poets" tween the two sometimes be-Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver comes thin. An author canWendell Holmes, James Russell Lowell become the principal symboland John Greenleaf Whittier began of a region, for example, into wane as Herman Melville, one of the case of William Shake-their contemporaries who had been al- speare and Stratford-Upon-most forgotten, became recognized as a Avon or William Words-major writer. During the 1920s, novel- worth and the English Lakeists Joseph Hergesheimer and James District. Because of their liter- Branch Cabell,hardly household ary connections, both placesnames today, appeared on lists of great have flourishing tourist in-American authors along with Walt dustries, which have pro-Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, Henry duced literary maps. James and others who would still ap- In addition totouristpear on such lists. Around that time, boards, other producers of lit-prominent women such as Harriet erary maps in the Library'sBeecher Stowe and Edith Wharton becollections include library as-gan to receive less attention than their sociations, publishers, civicmale contemporaries Mark Twain and organizations, associations ofStephen Crane. English teachers, government Since the 1940s and 1950s, the period agencies, centennial commis-when many of these maps were pro- Portraits of Literary Michigan (1994) wassions, printing equipmentduced, the literary canon has changed prepared by the Michigan Center for the companies, movie producers,even more radically. Beginning in the Book in connection with the Library's Lan- advertisers and individuals1960s, scholars who recognized the guage of the Land exhibition. who simply loved certainrichness and diversity of American cul- SEPTEMBER 1999 229 219 0

to include letters, diariesIan Fleming and Raymond Chandler and memoirs. In addi-celebrate authors and characters who ILLINOIS AurmoRs tion, increasing atten-are part of the popular, rather than the tion is being given tohighbrow, tradition. non-European litera- As might be expected in works of ture, in particular topopular culture, the styles as well as the worksfromLatinsubject matter of literary maps exhibit America, Canada, Asiaconsiderable variety. Some of the map and Africa. The more re-illustrators were trained and practiced cent maps in the book,as fine artists and produced exquisite especiallythestate examples of color and execution. Other maps, reflect the increas- maps are crude and look unfinished. ing diversity of material Since ancient times, mapmakers and authors now recog-have adopted a pictorial approach to nized as significant. geography, using illustrations, insets, Two Illinoismapsscrolls, ribbons, heraldic devices and demonstrate some oflegendary places as a way of visualiz- these changes. Illinois ing large spaces. Prior to the 17th cen- Authors, produced bytury, mapmakers made extensive use the Illinois Associationof symbols such as mythological crea- of Teachers of English in tures to convey sometimes imaginary 1952, lists 27 authors forinformation about unfamiliar lands. As the Chicago area fourthe scientific method spread and explo- are female, and one (Ri- ration and travel made the world more chard Wright) is Africanfamiliar, maps became more detailed American. The 1987and the style more conventional, with map, also called Illinoispictorial elements relegated to decora-

Judie Anderson, Arn Arnam, Tom Heinz Authors, includes thetive borders and title cartouches. Illinois Authors (1987) features a richer diversitysame 27 Chicago au- In the 19th century, educators re- of authors than its predecessor from the 1950s.thors listed in 1952, butvived pictorial maps to teach not only the overall number ofgeography but also history and literature began to seek out and publish lost, authors featured rose dramatically toture. By the 20th century, such pictorial forgotten or suppressed literary texts 145 33 female and at least four AM-maps had become popular for their that had emerged from and, in fact, il- can American. decorative qualities and as expressions lustrated that diversity. In the 1970s, This increasing recog- scholarship began to examine the cul-nition of diversity adds a tural implications of gender, race andnew dimension to a genre class for understanding and appreciat-thathas always had ing literature. Consequently, in themultiple faces. Although 1980s, the whole concept of a literaryoften reflecting academic canon was increasingly attacked, espe-views of the literature, cially on the grounds that women andliterary maps are prima- minority writers were underrepre-rily works of popular sented in the traditional framework.culture.For example, Although many critics recognized theJ.R.R. Tolkien's popular- need for some version of a canon in or-ity among young people der to transmit valued work to future in the 1970s is reflected in generations, they were disturbed bya group of Middle-Earth the tendency of the established canonmaps produced during to freeze responses to the texts itthat period. The high validated and to exclude other, less-status once enjoyed by recognized works of literary value. authors such as Joseph In the 1990s, the teaching of literature Hergesheimer and Sin- has been undergoing fundamentalclair Lewis, America's changes that allow for study of diverse first Nobel Prize winner cultures, not a narrow group of indi-for literature, is reflected vidual authors. The canon is being ex- on the maps. And such panded to include more female, African maps as those devoted to American, Asian American, Latino and Native American voices in order to rep- A Map of Middle Earth resent as fully as possible the nation's(1970) charts the world varied cultures. The types of works de- of J.R.R.Tolkien's Lord fined as literature are also being revised of the Rings trilogy. Pauline Baynes

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of civic or national pride. But, because LEMING they were often displayed on class- rrzytAr, room walls, then discarded when they became tattered, many have become scarce. Moreover, because they were printed in limited editions, not always formally copyrighted and distributed locally for only a short time, they may not have come into library collections. Although literary maps have existed since at least the 16th century, because of the ephemeral nature of such maps, most examples in the Library of Con- gress date from the 20th century. Large literary maps most likely evolved from illustrations in books many of which, for example, Sir Tho- mas More's Utopia (1516), to name an early one contain maps that locate the book's action. The cost of paper and 7:41 the cost and difficulty of printing, as "[,-÷,7,=-;;;;:: well as lack of a market, may have dis- 'rrr couraged publishers from producing 1,4,--SFet. poster-size maps before the 20th cen- 4,IP-4ZZ tury. Whatever the reason, most of the Molly Maguire and John Zelnic Library's maps that predate the 1920sThe Ian Fleming Thriller Map (1987) features the travels of Agent 007 are loose sheets originally bound inJames Bond, from Fleming's series of adventure novels. books, for example, the 1705 Carte du Voyage d' Annee, which depicts the ad-development and progress of all world border of the map pictures 19 women ventures of Aeneas as told in Virgil'sliteratures in such detail as to be almostand the bottom border shows 19 men, Aenead. Exceptions are the ambitiousunreadable, and the visually beautifulalong with their life dates and the states 1878 Philological and Historical Chart, an 1908 Stratford on Avon map, which re-with which they are associated. example of the Victorian love of classi-flects the high status of Shakespeare in One reflection of the prosperity, op- fication that attempts to trace the birth, the English-speaking world and de-timism and pride that flourished in the picts his birthplace at1950s was a boom in literary map- the turn of the 20th cen-making. In the 1950s, the United States tury, not in the play-emerged as a superpower and Ameri- wright's own day. can popular culture began to have The first map in theworldwide influence. The longstand- collections to conspicu-ing sense of American literature's infe- ously challenge an all-riority when compared to European lit- male pantheon of greaterature disappeared. Moreover, as the American writers is thebaby-boomer generation entered school, 1932 A Pictorial Charttextbook publishing flourished, and of American Literature,publishers produced maps to be used compiled by Ethel Earlein classrooms along with their books. Wylie and illustrated byThe number of English teachers in- EllaWall Van Leercreased, adding members and financial (1893-1986). Anticipat-resources that enabled their associa- ing modernliterarytions to produce literary maps. During trends, the map featuresthis time, many state maps and maps some writers who wereconnected with individual works, such thencontemporaryas plays by Shakespeare and epics by (such as a young RobertHomer and Virgil, appeared. Frost) and gives equal A prolific literary-map producer representation towho began in the 1940s but reached his America's many out- peak in the 1950s and 1960s was Henry standing female writers, John Firley (1900-1973), head of the En- from Anne Bradstreet toglish Department at Glenbard West Wyatt Waters Edna St. Vincent Millay, High School in Glen Ellyn, Ill., and an Modern Mississippi Writers (1992) was created whose papers are nowauthor, poet and member of the Na- to celebrate the state's rich literary heritage and in the Library's Manu-tional Council of Teachers of English. distributed to public schools. script Division. The topWorking with the Denoyer-Geppert

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poses. Born in poverty in New YorkCan maps came from the Aaron Blake City, Cropper (1897-1977) used art toCo. of Los Angeles. From the mid- to ennoble the poor, expose social injus-late 1980s, the company published 12 tice and satirize political opportunism.literary maps related to the favorite He worked for mainstream newspa-books and authors of their producers, pers and magazines and also contrib-the husband-and-wife team of Molly uted to radical journals such as theMaguire and Aaron Silverman. The Masses and visited the Soviet Union. couple began with an interest in Soon after World War II, Cropper'sRaymond Chandler. Driving around map was created for distributionLos Angeles looking for sites men- AILI abroad by U.S. government agencies astioned in his work, they found that 131.110/ANI a celebration of American culture. Inmany still existed, little changed from 6seceat, map, of- 1953 the map attracted the attention ofwhen Chandler described them. The C7UNITED Sen. Joseph McCarthy. The senator result was The Raymond Chandler Mys- STATES found little that was objectionable tery Map of Los Angeles (1986), which, oeoleTinoSOME OF HIS DeEDSa-/EXPLOITS about the map itself, but he denouncedunlike many literary maps, could be AA Gropper's art in general as communist-used to tour sites mentioned in the directed, anti-American propaganda author's works. With Silverman as her and asserted that the U.S. governmentbusiness partner, Maguire, who had R D Handy Detail from Paul Bunyan's Picto-should not promote his work. After hereceived undergraduate degrees in rial Map of the United States,was attacked by McCarthy, Cropper's American and English literature and career suffered for a number of years. had done graduate work in video art Depticting Some of His Deeds and The Library has few literary mapsand design, created a series of maps Eliploits, 1935 from the late 1960s and 1970s. Risingthat trace the settings of well-known Co. of Chicago, an educational pub-costs and the social turmoil of the timebooks. Each map is colorful and lively, lisher, Firley compiled colorful andmay be the reasons. and its style reflects the spirit of the highly detailed maps. Intended for Some significant maps of the 1970s original works; the Chandler map, for classroom use, these maps were offeredand 1980s came from outside the example, is in the style of a pulp-novel in a variety of formats, includingUnited States. For example, the former cover of the 1940s. framed, mounted for hanging on aSoviet Union's Main Administration In the 1990s the Library has received wall, or installed on a spring roller, likefor Geodesy and Cartography pro-maps from newly democratic East Eu- a window shade. Although they nowduced a large group of literary maps.ropean countries, such as the Map of are somewhat dated by their relianceThis government agency mapped the Hungarian Literary History and Guide to on traditional literature, some ofliterary sites of Leningrad and Moscow, Franz Kafka's Prague. Demonstrating yet Firley's maps are still being distributed. as well places associated with Leoagain the close connection between lit- At roughly the same time as Firley'sTolstoy, Mikhail Lermontov, Alexandererature and patriotism, these maps in- maps were being published, the Har-Pushkin and other noted pre-Sovietdicate an attempt to reclaim political ris-Seybold (later Harris Intertype)authors. Unlike most literary maps,power by asserting literary power. Company of Cleveland was producingthese are cartographically detailed In the 1990s in the United States, a significant group of pictorial mapsenough to be used to locate actual"Language of the Land," the Library of based on British and American classics. places. The maps are illustrated withCongress exhibition that inspired the Each July, from 1953 through 1964, the photographs of authors, their homespresent book, has encouraged a revival company printed a calendar to adver-and sites associated with them, as wellof literary mapmaking. Originally tise and promote the capabilities of theas with other museums and monu-opened at the Library in 1993, this ex- lithographic printing equipment itments. Updated every few years, thehibit has traveled to more than 20 sites sold. In addition to almost 20,000maps contain a wealth of informationaround the United States, including 16 graphic arts firms, the maps were dis-for readers of Russian and demonstratestate Centers for the Book. As part of tributed to schools and libraries. the former Soviet Union's support fortheir programming during the exhibi- Harris-Seybold used its high-techits cultural history. The maps also show tion run, a number of the state centers printing equipment in a display of old- the connection of literary culture to pa- produced literary maps. Those maps fashioned romance and adventure andtriotism and provide an example of the are included in this book, and others are an evocation of nostalgia. Insights intoway in which literature and culture canin production. One can only hope that the thinking behind the maps appear inbe used for propaganda purposes. this interest will inspire some of the a leaflet accompanying the Ivanhoe A number of British firms also pro-areas not represented to produce maps. map, which states that Harris-Seyboldduced literary maps in the 1980s, with The lack of maps for certain areas hoped the map would "give you plea- subjects such as William Wordsworth, may seem puzzling to readers of this sure today by reminding you of theRobert Burns, other Scottish poets andbook although, in preparation for pleasure of yesteryear." literary London. In the same decade inthe exhibit and book, unsuccessful The literary map that attracted thethe United States, many states pro-attempts were made to locate maps most attention in its own time wasduced new maps, and, a map of Appa-for missing American states. Literary William Cropper's America: Its Folklore, lachia appeared, reflecting increasingmaps not represented in the Library of whose case demonstrates how literaryinterest in regions. Congress collections undoubtedly ex- maps can be used for political pur- The decade's most exciting Ameri-ist. However, no literary maps were

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found for some surprising places, including most of the New England states that The Science of Cognition have some of the oldest literary connections in the country, and the national capital of Washington. (A project to rem- Prominent Neuroscientists to edy this oversight is in progress.) In addition to these regional maps, perhaps Speak at October Conference someone will also produce maps for authors whose works seem to cry outT eaders in the fields of neuro- how research is being applied to for one, such as Anthony Trollope and imaging and cognition will dis-preventing mental disorders and treat- William Faulkner. (These authors havecuss the broad-ranging implicationsing people afflicted with them; and been treated in small, black-and-white of their work at a conference at the Li- the promise of neuroscience: maps in books, one drawn by Faulknerbrary of Congress on Wednesday, Oct.what lies ahead in understanding himself, but do not seem to have been6, beginning at 9 a.m. The conference,what it means to be human. represented in a large, color map.) "Understanding Our Selves: The Sci- Special exhibits will include a Eventually literary maps will exist inence of Cognition," is being organizeddemonstration by scientists from the electronic form, with viewers able toby the Library of Congress and theNational Foundation for Functional click on an icon representing a region,National Institute of Mental HealthBrain Imaging, a nonprofit organiza- author or book and call up a detailed(NIMH) of the National Institutes oftion funded primarily by the Depart- map, photographs, biographical infor-Health with major funding from thement of Energy and based in Albu- mation, bibliographies and other infor-Charles A. Dana Foundation. querque, N.M. mation. Whatever form literary maps All sessions will take place in the An earlier conference, "Discovering may take in the future, they will stillMontpelier Room on the sixth floorOur Selves: The Science of Emotion" have the power that Tom Sawyer at-of the Library's Madison Building,examined the physical origin of emo- tributes to places mentioned in books 101 Independence Ave. S.E. The con-tional activity. "Understanding Our making concrete the visualization ofference is free and open to the public;Selves: The Science of Cognition" will characters and locations that is one of thehowever, reservations are required.explore how the human nervous great pleasures of reading. Those wishing to attend should callsystem produces mental activity. (202) 707-1616 and leave their names. Since 1991, the Library and NIMH Ms. Hopkins is an exhibition director in the Sessions will focus on: have cooperated in an interagency ini- Library's Interpretive Programs Office. She current understanding of howtiative, the LC /NIMH Project on the holds degrees in English from the College of the brain works when we are learn-Decade of the Brain, to advance the William and Mary and the University of ing and how it is affected by disor-goals set forth in a proclamation by Virginia and has taught in colleges in ders such as schizophrenia andPresident George Bush designating the Virginia and West Virginia. depression; 1990s as the Decade of the Brain.

Library Law Library NDL Project Wins Award Publishes 1998 Law Library's National Digital Library project Web site received Thethe American Association of Law Libraries Publication Award (Nonprint Division) during the annual conference of the AALL on July Annual Report 19 at the Grand Hyatt in Washington, D.C. The award honors in-house print or nonprint library materials. The Annual Report of the Librarian The Law Library's NDL on-line collection, "A Century of Lawmaking 1 of Congress for 1998 has just been for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774- released for public acquisition.It 1873," allows researchers to easily peruse early debates and records of was submitted to Congress earlier Congress. As documents are added to the site, Internet users can trace by Dr. Billington and accepted by the westward expansion of the United States and other significant historic legislative body. The report, for the fiscal year ending events considered by Congress. The site may be accessed from the Ameri- can Memory collections at www.loc.gov. Sept. 30, 1998, describes the Library's activities in Washington and in national In February the site was nominated and later chosen from more than 50 entries. and international outreach programs. "This award is prestigious, and it gives a lot of attention to the Law The 188-page paper- Library-National Digital Library's role in legal and legislative research," bound publicationis said Emily Can, a legal reference librarian with the Law Library and a available from the Su- member of AALL, who noted that the project is the result of teamwork perintendent of Docu- by staff of the Law Library and the National Digital Library Program. ments, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250- The goal of AALL is to highlight the value of law libraries to the legal profession and the public, to foster law librarianship and to provide lead- 7954, for $9.50. Cite stock ership in the field of legal information. number 030-000-00282-2 when ordering.

SEPTEMBER 1999 223 233 ,1 a0,

an Overlapping Cultures Author Paine Discusses India and the West

BY ANGELA BELLIN familiar behind when he acquired an /// hat do you think of western Indian guru but continued to lead a he- Wcivilization?'Gandhi was donistic life, being religious and atheis- once asked. He answered, 'It would be tic simultaneously. Forster accepted his a good idea," quoted author Jeffery homosexuality not by confronting it, as Paine in his recent book Father India: the psychologists said he should, but by How Encounters with an Ancient Culture letting its value settle out differently Transformed the Modern West. while his back was turned attending to Mr. Paine gave a talk on his latest other matters in India." work at the Library of Congress on Although the subjects of his book July 13. The Office of Scholarly Pro- appear quite different outwardly, they grams and Asian Division of the Li- did share a certain subconscious moti- brary of Congress sponsored the lec- vation. Mr. Paine summarized this ture. He told his audience the story general theme by reading aloud from of how he came to write Father India. his book, "They booked passages to "When you talk about the writer's Bombay and Delhi and Calcutta but intention vs. results, that's kind of a secretly hoped (so secretly they some- joke, that this could have resulted in times failed to confess to themselves) this. To a certain extent, a writer can that those passages might deposit explain why he wrote the book, and them at ports for which no shipping that description's just impossibly Jeffery Paine agent vends tickets. They looked up mundane and pedestrian. And there's the Deccan, the. Punjab and the Coro- another reason he wrote the book but The challenge is how people can stepmandel Coast in atlases, yet no map he doesn't know that. It's like the bookoutside of themselves and view theirhas areas shaded 'spiritual possibili- tapped him on the shoulder and said,own culture objectively. "But how doties,' or 'personal adjustment,' or 'Write me!" we see our own thoughts? How do we'wiser politics.' With such non-geo- Mr. Paine's recent work follows sev-flush [them] out of our unconsciousgraphical destinations in mind, they eral well-known figures that traveledand see them?" asked Mr. Paine. stacked their emotional baggage to the to India. Human rights leader Martin Mr. Paine explained that "all theceiling. 'When your luggage is in dan- Luther King Jr., author E.M. Forster,people in this book wanted what Hun-ger,' V.S. Naipaul said, 'That's your psychologist Carl Jung, author V.S.garian writer Arthur Kessler wanted... clue you have arrived in India."' Naipaul and several others all jour-which was to look at the predicament neyed to India and found their West-of the West from a different perspec-Ms. Bellin is an intern in the Public ern cultural ideals challenged andtive, a different spiritual latitude." Affairs Office. sometimes redefined. Citing examples, Mr. Paine said, Although Father India (1999, Harper- "Carl Jung, even though he was an old Collins) is about the clash of Indian and man and he was really too old for the Western cultures, Mr. Paine cautioned journey, decided he had to go to India to about making generalizations about see if there was another way evil could the regions or oversimplifying their in-be integrated into the human psyche. teractions. "How can you speak of 'the As a graduate student Martin Luther West?' What's the connection between King Jr. was in despair. He wanted to FATHER Kosovo and Las Vegas? How can youbelieve in the social gospel and of the speak of India? It's so diverse." power of Christian love in action, but INDIA "When you talk about two such cul-really how could he? It hadn't ended tures interacting over the course of aslavery or stopped Hitler; it wasn't How Encounters with an Ancient Culture century, too much is going on to be talk- ending segregation." Transformed the Modern West ing about cause and effect. So we need Although these individuals were something more subtle, somethinglooking for a different perspective, the JEFFERY PAINE more flexible than 'cause and effect' toresults were sometimes surprising. He describe what is going on with thesewrites, "Rather than making the unex- Westerners in India during the coursepected they encountered abroad con- of the 20th century, and the word I thinkform to preexisting understandings of to use is 'experiments.' What is goingbehavior back home...these travelers on in here is an unintended experimentgenerally used such encounters to chal- which tests the limits of our thoughts,lenge that understanding. The stylish our assumptions, about the world." novelist Christopher Isherwood left the 224 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Z34 z

1 Conservation Comer Washingtoniana II Project Preserves Architectural Legacy

BY MARK ROOSA drawings some of ...4.- 4.....-. In 1987 the Library began a project to which pertain to the ...... ,-,-.-...,...,.. \I r_ I/ conserve 40,000 important drawingsearly design and con- ,...... _,---,Ate...... , vsr, t that document the history and devel-struction of the U.S. -,Ot opment of architecture, design and en-Capitol had been 0 . , gineering in the nation's capital. backed with up to -:.,., The project, Washingtoniana II, was three layers of bond ... rl,.. ,..%li made possible through support frompaper, acidic kraft pa- ...- "Pr -411.1 Ara A.n11 tiscsgot..ri 1 . . , .-,iii--... . il the Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritzper and linen fabric ... . Foundation. It aims to stabilize theseusing an adhesive ,...(% drawings from collections of the Printsthat was now causing * I .2 and Photographs Division. damage. The culprit The drawings, which date from thewas a water-soluble as. ... 6. -...... 04 ii7 .,x2 Q.,. ocl a cz, ir...... _!' A 1 1 1 .1,, late 18th century to the 1980s, were ... paste used in the 1 O ' i acquired by the Library throughGovernment Printing ,...... 4:1 ...... ,.. I I ' copyright deposit, purchase and gift.Office between 1930 X...... iit...;!.....:t; The collection includes items fromand 1960 for a variety ,2 some of the most important architec- of treatment applica -. tural competitions held in the Unitedtions. (The GPO es-Stephen Hallet's 1793 design for the Capitol States, including the United Statestablished a branchwas one of several hundred drawings to receive Capitol Competition of the earlybindery withtheconservation treatment. 1790s, the competition to design theLibrary in 1900.) The first building of the Library of Con-paste was now beginning to turntimes with the addition of enzymes to gress and the competition to designbrown and migrate through thedissolve the adhesive. In cases in which the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Asbacking layers into the irreplaceablethe drawings are stained and yellowed, many of the drawings arrived at thedrawings. and their media is not soluble in water, Library tightly rolled or folded and To address this problem, the affectedwashing in purified water is carried in various states of disrepair, one ofdrawings were earmarked for a sec-out. Once the final backing material is the chief goals of the project has beenond phase of more intensive conserva- completely removed, any tears are to flatten, stabilize and provide safetion treatment. During this past year,mended with Japanese paper and a housing for the items so they can bestaff in the Conservation Division havereversible wheat starch paste. Then the accessed by researchers. begun to remove the backing materialdrawings are carefully flattened before Many of the drawings are on goodand the damaging adhesive from 16 ofbeing placed into a mat or other protec- quality handmade laid or wovethe several hundred affected draw-tive enclosure. papers; however, a large number areings. This involves first dry cleaning While it may take years to treat all of on poor quality wood pulp, lignin-the front of each drawing with erasersthe Capitol drawings and correct the containing papers that become brittleso that subsequent use of moisturedamage caused by the paste, so far a over time. To complicate matters, thedoes not "set" the dirt. While drygood start has been made by curators drawings are composed using a widecleaning, care must be taken to avoidin the Prints and Photographs Division variety of inks, pencils, watercolorsremoving any drawing media. Next,and conservators in the Conservation and other media. In addition, thethe painstaking process of removingDivision toward securing these impor- size of objects and their formats varythe backing layers begins. With thetant chapters of the nation's architec- considerably, from sketchbooks anddrawing face down, the linen backingtural history. With the continued appli- simple renderings to final master pre-is peeled away to reveal the underly-cation of conservation expertise to bear sentation drawings that were submit-ing paper backing. This second layer ofon the problem, the Library is confi- ted to clients or in competitions. paper is mechanically removed withdent that these magnificent drawings By 1998 essentially all of the draw-the aid of scalpels, spatulas and peel-will be preserved for future genera- ings had received basic preservation ing, finally exposing the last layer oftions of users. housing. However, a number of latebacking paper. 18th to early 19th century master pre- Removing this last layer requires the Mr. Roosa is chief of the Conservation sentation drawings had a special prob-application of limited moisture to the Division. This article was prepared with lem that required further attention.backing paper using damp blotters, the assistance of conservator Linda It seems that these small to oversizesteaming, or felted Gore-Tex, some- Stiber Morenus.

SEPTEMBER 1999 235 225 vl *0,

News from the Center for the Book Descriptions Invited for Center Web Site ant to share your idea for a Between Mr. Kidder's two pre- reading promotion project with sentations, participants took part in others? To celebrate the Library of 19 workshops, public readings, a Congress's Bicentennial in 2000, the poetry "slam" and an awards dinner. Center for the Book is posting brief Twenty-nine local organizations and descriptions of reading promotion business firms sponsored the Sixth projects from around the nation Annual Writing Rendezvous. on its Web site (www.loc.gov/loc/ The Alaska Center for the Book cfbook). This effort brings to a close was established as a Library of Con- the center's four-year "Building a gress affiliate in 1991. Its purpose is Nation of Readers" national read- to "stimulate public interest in lit- ing promotion campaign. Libraries, eracy through the spoken and writ- schools, educational and civic groups, ten word." Freelance writer Kaylene government organizations, corpora- Johnson is its president. For informa- tions and other groups are invited to tion about the Writing Rendezvous participate. Each organization is lim- celebration, membership and other ited to one project description, which Alaska Center activities, write the Alaska center should be described in no more than at 3600 Denali St., Anchorage, AK 50 words and be submitted no later for the 99503-6093; fax: (907) 278-8839; Web than April 10, 2000. The entry should site: www.sinbad.net /- akctrbk. include the name of the sponsoring Fall Book and Author Events organization and where the project Announced. Many of the 36 state occurred. centers for the book affiliated with A description form is the Library of Congress available on the center's national center focus Web site. It can be faxed their activities around to(202)707-0269 or annual celebrations of a mailed to: Reading Pro- state's book culture and motion Projects, Center particularly the state's for the Book, Library of authors.Foursuch Congress, 101 Indepen- events this fall are: the dence Ave. S.E., Wash- Virginia Center for the ington, DC 20540-4920. Book's annual celebra- The form isalso intion honoring the state's cluded in a Library of authors, to be held with Congress Bicentennial the Library of Virginia Toolkit for libraries that in Richmond on Sept.18; isavailablewithout the Southern Festival of charge from the Library Books, a project of the of Congress by calling Tennessee Humanities (800) 707-7145 or Council and the Tennes- (202) 707-2000 or from J see Center for Book, the Web site at: Scenes from the Alaska Center for the Book's "Writing which takes place in www.loc.gov/bicenten- Rendezvous" include Tricia Brown (top left), reading Nashville on Oct. 8-10; nial/toolkit.html(see from one of her books, Child of the Midnight Sun, and the Missouri Center for story on page 210). the three CLIA winners for 1999 (bottom right). the Book's Third Cel- Alaska's 'Writing ebration of the Book, Rendezvous' Is Big Hit. featuringthetheme The 1999 version of "Writing Ren-Prize-winning author Tracy Kidder"Books and Bytes: The Book of the dezvous," the Alaska Center for thelaunched the proceedings with aFuture," and taking place in Colum- Book's annual celebration of writersreading on April 16 and concludedbia on Nov. 5-6; and the Colorado and writing, held on April 16-18,the conference with a talk on AprilCenter for the Book's Rocky Moun- brokeallpreviousattendance18. Both of his appearances weretain Book Fair, to be held in Denver records. More than 230 peoplesponsored by the Department of Cre-on Nov. 18-20. For further informa- participated in the conference, whichative Writing and Literary Arts of thetion, consult the Center for the is now in its sixth year. PulitzerUniversity of Alaska in Anchorage. Book's Web site.

226 236 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Oklahoma Marks 10 who read from the works in Years of Book Awards. Cen- the Poetry Garden: Reuben ter for the Book Director John Jackson, a Washington, D.C., Y. Cole received a distin- resident and author of the guished service award on collection Fingering the Keys; March 13 at the 10th annual Baltimore resident Eliza- Oklahoma Book Awards cer- beth Spires, who teaches at emony, which was held at the Goucher College and Johns National Cowboy Hall of Hopkins University and has Fame and Western Heritage written four collections of po- Center in Oklahoma City. etry and the recent children's Sponsored by the Oklahoma book The Mouse of Amherst; Center for the Book, the and Edgar Si lex, director of evening featured a retrospec- the Baltimore Literacy Center, tive slide show of 10 years of a College Park resident and the Oklahoma center's act- the author of two poetry col- ivities. The winner of the lections. The Authors' Atrium 1999 Arrell Gibson Lifetime was the scene of two lively Achievement Award, named panel discussions featuring for the University of Okla- four area authors: romance homa historian who was the and adventure writer Robyn first president of the Okla- Amos, novelist Carrie Brown, homa center, was writer and investigative journalist Gus historian Michael Wallis. For Russo and mystery writer further information, visit David Simon. Oklahoma's Web siteat For information about the www.odl.state.ok.us/ocb. Maryland Center for the Montana Center for theAward-winner Michael Wallis was featured on theBook, contact Pat Bates, Book Has New Home. Inprogram cover for the 1999 Oklahoma Book Awards. Howard County Library 6600 April the Montana Center for Cradlerock Way, Columbia, the Book moved to the Mon- MD 21045; telephone: (410) tana Committee for the Humanities inMontana Committee for the Humani-313-7768;fax:(410)313-7742, or Missoula. Based at the University ofties, 311 Brant ly, University of Mon-consult the center's Web siteat Montana, the committee is the state'stana, Missoula, MT 59812-8214; tele-www.howa.lib.md.us/center.html. independent nonprofit affiliate of thephone (406)243-6022;fax:(406) Forthcoming Books & Beyond National Endowment for the Humani- 243-4836, email [email protected] Talks. Ronald B. Shwartz, ties. Established in 1990, the Montanaedu, www.umt.edu/montanabook. For the Love of Books, Sept. 29, noon, center previously has been hosted by Maryland Honors Its AuthorsWest Dining Room, Madison Build- the Montana State Library and theand Artists. "A Literary Party withing ... Karl E. Meyer and Shareen Lewis and Clark Public Library. Two ofPizzazz" is how the Maryland CenterBlair Brysac, Tournament of Shadows: the center's significant projects havefor the Book and Howard County The Great Game and the Race for Empire been "Against the Grain: OrganizingLibrary described their "Evening in thein Central Asia, Nov. 2, 6 p.m., West Montana's Writers," a 1994 conference,Stacks" benefit at the East ColumbiaDining Room. and the anthology Writing Montana: Branch Library in Columbia on Feb. Literature Under the Big Sky, published27. Poetry, jazz, author readings, by the center in 1996 and distributedbook signings, art displays and by Falcon Publishing. dance performances highlighted "We are delighted to become thethe evening, which was sponsored new home of the Montana Center forby The Washington Post and more the Book, said Stephen Fenter of Bill-than two dozen other business ings, the committee chair. "Apprecia-firms and civic organizations. tion of Montana's great literature al- "The Maryland center's goal is ways has been a priority of theto bring the world of ideas fostered committee, and we are excited aboutin books into the thoughts and the opportunity to forge new links inlives of Marylanders," said Mary- support of Montana's writers, readersland Center for the Book coordina- and libraries." This new relationship istor Pat Bates. "Our annual Evening a natural combination of interests,in the Stacks does this while cel- commitments and resources that willebrating the creativity of our own The Maryland Center for the Book's benefit all Montanans." poets, authors and artists." "Evening in the Stacks" event at the For further information, contact Center for the Book Director Howard County Library highlighted Mark A. Sherouse, executive director,John Cole introduced three poets the state's authors and artists.

SEPTEMBER 1999 227 237 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF PUBLIC AVE. S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN. ISSN 0041-7904 02203084-194CIJEEricSyracuse Coordinator ClearinghouseCenter Univ for Sci on & Info/TeTech 005' addresstothisIf youthe publication label abovewish andto address. be return.check removed If here change from isthe required mailing enter list for on and return this page Syracuse .NX 13244-4100 1 ^r

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t rm 1 Att.; 111 Vol. 58,1lo.'kOf October-1.999,

N a II 0 .- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS BICENTENNIAL InformationThe LIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin LI 1111A111 ES CREATIVITY LIBERTY JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 10 October 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Boss of the Block, ca.1939,is one of more than 50 examples of American realist graphic art to go on display at the Library this month. Aquatint and etching by Martin Lewis. Cover Story:A new exhibition, "Life of the People: Realist Prints and Drawings from the Ben and Beatrice Goldstein Collection,1912-1948"features works on paper by leading North American artists. Also, the Preservation Division works to save these original pieces of artwork from 235deterioration. 240 New in American Memory:Religious petitions from Virginia, first-person narratives from the American South, and African American sheet music are now available on-line. 231 Event Planner:The Library has announced a schedule of events for its Bicentennial celebration. 232 Fiesta!:The Hispanic Reading Room celebrates its 60th anniversary this month. 235 Bicentennial Background:The Library has been the beneficiary of many generous gifts throughout its history. 238 Mightier Than the Sword:Los Angeles Times editorial cartoonist Paul Conrad spoke at the Library on Sept.8. 244 Literary Publishing: "BridgingArt & Commerce," a symposium hosted at the Library by the National Endowment for the Arts and the Library's Center for the Book, was held in March. 246 Global Dominance:The Geography and Map Division has acquired several historic maps, globes and panoramas. 247 Cross-Cultural Focus:The Library hosted a seminar on "Globalizing Regional Studies." 248 News from the Center for the Book 250

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by 244 the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov / today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the 8 Ni A I. Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA,Editor 250 JOHNH. SAYERS,Production and Design 230 241 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN f #ASS New in American Memory Religious Petitions, Narratives, African American Sheet Music

Tn the first of three electronic collec-decades have scholars and the generalselected from the Sheet Music Collec- tions relating to the American South,public begun to explore fully the rich-tion at the John Hay Library at Brown "Early Virginia Religious Petitions"ness and diversity of the Southern expe- University. The full collection consists presents images of 423 petitions sub-rience. These first-person narrativesof approximately 500,000 items, of mitted to the Virginia legislature be-describe Southern life between 1860which perhaps 250,000 are currently tween 1774 and 1802 from more than and 1920, a period of enormous change. available for use. It is one of the largest 80 counties and cities. These petitions,Defeat in the Civil War destroyed sla-collections of sheet music in any as well as the two other collections, canvery-based social, political and eco-library in the United States. The sheet be seen at the American Memory Web nomic hierarchies, and Southerners hadmusic, primarily vocal music of site at www.loc.gov. , to create new ones.American imprint, dates from the 18th tetttt Drawn from the I tt r. Many farmers, con-century to the present day, with the Library of Virginia's fronted by periodiclargest concentration of titles in the Legislative Petitions depressions and mar-period 1840-1950. Its digitization is Collection, the peti- ket turmoil, joinedmade possible by a Library of Con- tions concern such political and socialgress/ Ameritech award. topics as the historic protest movements. Categories of particular note in the debate over the sepa- For African Ameri-full collection include 19th century ration of church and state championedcans, the end of slavery brought hopecolor lithographs; the works of Boston by James Madison and Thomas Jeffer- for unprecedented control of their lives. lithographers; music relating to World son, the rights of dissenters such as Southerners recor- Wars I and II; music Quakers and Baptists, the sale and di-ded their stories of from the Yiddish- vision of property in the establishedthese times in print, American stage at the church and the dissolution of unpopu-diaries and letters, but turn of the century; lar vestries. The collection provides few first-person narra- early American im- searchable access to the petitions'tives, other than those prints;Confederate places of origin and a brief summary ofwritten by the social imprints; Broadway each petition's contents, as well asand economic elite, show music; movie summaries of an additional 74 peti-found their way into music; musical set- tions that are no longer extant. The col-the national print culture. This digitaltings of American poetry; Rhode Island lection complements the Library ofcollection focuses primarily on the first-music; octavo band arrangements; and Congress exhibition "Religion and theperson narratives of some of the rela-a very large collection of general popu- Founding of the American Republic"tively inaccessible populations. Thelar music of the 19th and 20th centuries. (www.loc.gov/exhibits) and is avoices of women, African Americans, One of the most important catego- collaborative venture between theenlisted men, laborers and Nativeries in the Sheet Music Collection is Library of Congress and the LibraryAmericans take precedence over thosethe African Americana. The African of Virginia. of general officersAmerican-related sheet music in- A second new and notable politi-cludes songs from the heyday of ante- collection, "First - cians. Similarly, ac-bellum minstrelsy in the 1850s and Person Narratives counts of life on thefrom the abolitionist movement of the of the American farm or in the ser-same period. South, 1860-1920," vants' quarters American Memory is a project of the documents the have priority overLibrary of Congress National Digital American South accounts of battlesLibrary Program, which aims to make from the viewpoint and public lives. available by 2000, in collaboration with of Southerners. It includes more than The texts for "First-Person Narra-other research institutions, more than 100 diaries, autobiographies, memoirs, tives of the American South, 1860-6 million items of American history. travel accounts and ex-slave narratives1920" come from the Academic AffairsAlready, more than 2.5 million items published during and after the CivilLibrary of the University of Northare available. War. These titles were digitized withCarolina at Chapel Hill. The Southern The Library of Congress/ Ameritech an award from the Library of Con-Historical Collection is one of the larg-National Digital Library Competition gress /Ameritech National Digitalest collections of Southern manu-concluded in 1999. A $2 million gift Competition. This American Memoryscripts in the country, while the Northfrom Ameritech made this program presentation also provides access toCarolina Collection provides the mostpossible. During its three years of mak- another 40 first-person narratives,complete printed documentation of aing awards, 33 institutions large and many published before 1860. single state anywhere. small have received awards to digitize Southerners comprise one third of The third collection, "African Ameri- their collections and make them avail- the U. S. population, but only in recentcan Sheet Music, 1850-1920," has beenable through American Memory.

OCTOBER 1999 231 242 BEST COPY AVAILABLE !ma/

Hl Libraries LibertyCreativity Bicentennial Celebration Activities

The Bicentennial of the Library oftogether in an unprecedented exhibi- 111 Congress will be celebrated withtion. Visitors will learn how U.S. a series of events that draw on theBritish relations evolved from ColonialApril 3-4, 2000 unparalleled collections and experttimes and the American Revolution staff of the world's largest library.through the 18th and 19th centuries, "Poetry in America: Reading, From concerts and exhibitions to sym-over the course of two World Wars toPerformance and Publication in posia and on-line presentations, thethe present. the 19th and 20th Centuries" Library's Bicentennial activities will be Americans like to think baseball Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky launched accessible to Americans everywhere.was invented in the 19th century in his Favorite Poem Project in 1997 with Following is a calendar of events, asCooperstown, N.Y., but a British chil- President and Mrs. Clinton reading their of press time. For the most up-to-datedren's book called A Little Prettyfavorite poems at the White House. Bicentennial calendar, visit the WebPocket-Book described the game a cen-During the "Poetry in America" sympo- site at www.loc.gov/bicentennial. tury earlier, bases and all. The booksium, he will present to the Library of will be on view along with CharlesCongress tapes made during the last two OCTOBER 1999 Dickens's walking stick, a handwrittenyears of Americans from all walks of Beatles score, and a copy of the "Starlife reading their favorite poems. The October 1999 May 2002 Spangled Banner," written in Francisarchives will reside permanently at the "I Hear America Singing" Scott Key's own hand to the tune of an Library as one of its Bicentennial "Gifts Whether in Washington or on the Web,18th century English drinking song,to the Nation." Says Mr. Pinsky: "These visitors can enjoy a three-year series of"To Anecreon in Heaven." audio and video tapes will be a perma- free concerts with "I Hear America Sing- On view Nov. 17 through March 4,nent record, at the end of the century, of ing." Taking its title from a Walt Whitman2000, "John Bull and Uncle Sam" will bewhat we Americans choose, and what poem, the series encompasses both clas- mounted in the Northwest Gallery andwe do with our voices and faces, when sical and popular compositions, explor-Pavilion of the 1897 Thomas Jeffersonasked to say aloud a poem that we love." ing the range, diversity and originality ofBuilding, 10 First St. S.E. Exhibition Mr. Pinsky, the first Poet Laureate to American music. hours are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday - serve three consecutive terms, will be Concerts for the 1999-2000 seasonSaturday; it will also be available on-line joined in this two-day poetry reading began Oct. 1 with Bobby Short and Hisat www.loc.gov. For information, call and symposium by three Pulitzer Prize- Orchestra and will close with a Stephen (202) 707-4604. winning poets, Rita Dove, Louise Gluck Sondheim Salute on his 70th birthday. and W.S. Merwin, who have been named The season includes a rich array that in- I Special Consultants in Poetry for the cludes a celebration of the centennial of Bicentennial. the birth of one of the nation's finest March 6-10, 2000 composers, Aaron Copland, in a special "Democracy and the Rule of Law April 24 Oct. 31, 2000 program on Nov. 18, 2000, and concerts in a Changing World Order" "Thomas Jefferson: by the Juilliard String Quartet and the Upheavals, wars and revolutions have Genius of Liberty" Martha Graham Dance Company. altered the so-called world order, but for The nation's third president was a "I Hear America Singing" will lookmore than two centuries, democracy in Renaissance man whose library formed back to our heritage of popular song and the United States has remained steadfast. the core of the Library of Congress. In our roles as listeners as well as perform- "Democracy and the Rule of Law in a this Bicentennial exhibition, visitors will ers in schools and parades, at worship Changing World Order," a weeklongsee the only surviving fragment of his and social gatherings. Information about symposium with sessions at the Libraryfirst draft of the Declaration of Indepen- the concert series is available on-line atand New York University, will exploredence, his instructions to the explorers www.loc.gov. For recorded information, how the relationship between law and de- Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, call the concert line, (202) 707-5502. mocracy has fostered the spread of free-his letter to his friend James Madison on dom and human rights across the globe. the need for continuing revolution and Participants, including Supreme Jefferson's epitaph. Court justices and other distinguished The display will also include a re- Nov. 17, 1999 March 4, 2000 jurists, will look at how countries with creation of Jefferson's library, two-thirds "John Bull and Uncle Sam: differing legal traditions confront major of which burned in an 1851 fire in the Four Centuries of British- common problems. How does the lawCapitol, where the Library was housed. American Relations" affect the economy, the environment, in- Many of these volumes have since been In "John Bull and Uncle Sam: Fourternational sovereignty and justice? Are replaced. A worldwide search is under Centuries of British-American Rela-"human rights" universal? What is theway for the remaining 700 volumes tions," treasures rarely seen by the pub-relationship between religion and theneeded to reconstitute the original col- lic from the two largest libraries in thestate? How do culture and religion affectlection of 6,487. Jerry Jones, owner and English-speaking world will be broughtthe making and enforcement of the law? general manager of the Dallas Cowboys 232 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN ; ,

2z1.Q football team, and his wife, Gene, havehow this story changed and endured2100, the Library's tricentennial. given the Library $1 million to purchase and why it continues to delight new The Library Sales Shop will offer a the volumes once they are located. generations of Americans. For informa-custom-designed, limited edition, com- "Genius of Liberty" draws on the tion, call (202) 707-4604. memorative Lenox china bowl featuring Library's unparalleled presidential an artist's rendering of the glorious materials. It will trace the origins andApril24, 2000 Thomas Jefferson Building with gold evolution of Jefferson's thinking andThe Library of Congress's embellishment modeled after architec- examine his influence on the nation and200th Birthday tural elements of one of the loveliest our concept of liberty. The exhibition will On April 24, the Library's 200th birth-public buildings in America. also be on-line at the Library's Web site, day, a birthday block party, open to the Throughout the year, local libraries www.loc.gov. The exhibition informa- public, will include well-known invitednationwide are holding events celebrat- tion line is (202) 707-4604. performing artists and "Living Leg-ing the 200th birthday of the Library of Congress while at the same time draw- April24 Sept. 23, 2000 ends," whose creativity is represented in the Library's vast collections. ing attention to the vital role public "The Wizard of Oz: The U.S. Postal Service will issue a libraries play in their own communities. An American Fairy Tale" commemorative stamp at the Library. The yellow brick road will end inOn April 25, 2000, through the end of MAY 2000 Washington when the Library presents May, libraries across the United StatesMay 23, 2000 "The Wizard of Oz: An American Fairy will hold second-day issue events where Tale," an exhibition devoted entirely to patrons can have the Library of CongressA Celebration of America's this timeless tale. For an entire century, commemorative stamp marked with a"Local Legacies" L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard special cancellation. Americans everywhere have been of Oz has enchanted chil- documenting their unique dren young and old. The local traditions and sending exhibition will mark theLIBRA:KY OF CONGRESS BIGENTE that documentation to the centennial of the book's Library for inclusion in the publication, which was collections of its American registered for copyright at Folklife Center. the Library in 1900. The Local Legacies pro- Because of its role as the jects, which were selected nation's Copyright Office, by members of Congress in the Library contains many every state and four terri- rare or unique items related tories American Samoa, to The Wizard of Oz in Guam, Puerto Rico and its collections. Among them the U.S. Virgin Islands are Baum's original hand- LIBB.A.RIES CIREATIVIETV U.BER.TY celebratethenation's written copyright applica- diversity as a source of its tion, a first edition of the strength and vitality. book, copies of the 13 other books that The U.S. Mint will issue commemora- From zydeco music to decoy carving, Baum later wrote about the land of Oz, tive coins. Plans include the issuance of therodeos to dogsled races, parades to food pop-up books showing the Oz characters, first bimetallic (gold and platinum) com-festivals, Local Legacies is reaching into posters for stage and film adaptations, memorative coin in U.S. history, making it every corner of the nation to document as well as materials relating to the highly collectible. The coin is one of onlyAmerica's folk heritage. enormously popular 1939 film with Judy two commemoratives to be issued in 2000. Working with their members of Con- Garland. The exhibition will also featureProceeds from the coins will allow Ameri- gress, Americans are participating in costumes, film props and other memora-cans to support the educational goals ofan unprecedented effort to document bilia, from classic to camp. the Library. the cultural heritage of communities Visitors to the exhibition in Washing- The Bicentennial Time Capsule,throughout the nation. The project is the ton and to the Library's Web site will see "Reminding the Future," will be sealed. keystone of the Bicentennial celebration. It will preserve a col-Documentation of Local Legacies is lection of items thatbeing achieved through the volunteer capture the spirit of the efforts of individuals, organizations Library of Congress in and institutions. 2000. The artifacts will On May 23, all participants and mem- reflect the work, lan-bers of Congress will be invited to the guages, activities, pre- Library of Congress to celebrate their occupations and the cultural and historic contributions to the milestones of daily life Bicentennial. Selections from the Local at the Library. TheyLegacies projects will be digitized and will be secured in the shared electronically over the Internet at vault in the Librarian's www.loc.gov, where Americans for gen- Ceremonial Office. The erations to come will be able to learn capsule will remain about their cultural heritage at the end of sealed until April 24, the century.

OCTOBER 1999 233 244 z

OCTOBER 2000 movements, and the papers of aboli- As the size of the institution has tionist Frederick Douglass. grown, so too has its mission. Although Oct. 23 27, 2000 This public-private initiative has its primary purpose is to serve the legis- been funded through the generosity of "National Libraries of the World: lative research and reference needs of the U.S. Congress and private donors. Congress, the Library has become the Interpreting the Past and national library, serving as a major infor- Shaping the Future" JANUARY 2001 mation resource for the nation. The book The Library of Congress will host will be available April 24, 2000, in the an international symposium, "NationalJanuary 2001 (permanent) Library's Sales Shops. It is expected to Libraries of the World: Interpreting the"World Treasures of the Library sell for about $50. Credit card orders may Past, Shaping the Future," on Oct. 23-27, of Congress" be placed by calling the Sales Shop, (202) 2000. Librarians from around the world The Library of Congress is more than 707-0204, or Yale University Press, (800) will explore the influences that haveAmerica's library, it is a world library 987-7323. shaped national libraries in the past andin the scope of its collections, gathered issues confronting them today and in thefor two centuries from every corner of The Nation's Library: next century. the globe. The Library of Congress, The exhibition "World Treasures of Washington, D.C. Oct. 30 31, 2000 the Library of Congress" will expand the Today's Library of Congress its "Guarding the Nation's Heritage: focus of the Library's first permanentcollections, buildings and services is Preservation and Security" exhibition, "American Treasures," which the subject of the The Nation's Library: The Library preservation and securityfeatures more than 270 items represent- Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. An policymakers will consider future di-ing a cross section of the Library's vast artful combination of text, maps and rections in their fields. Topics includerepository of rare books, music, manu-color illustrations, the guidebook will establishing preservation and secu-scripts, maps, photographs, drawings,also contain keys to conducting research rity standards, measuring effective-audio clips and videotapes. in person or from afar at the ness, establishing budgets and allo- Items to be included in this popularworld's largest research library. It will cating funds for preservation andexhibition are the 1478 Washington include information about the gloriously security, opportunities and barriers toHaggadah, Sumerian cuneiform tablets restored Thomas Jefferson Building. cooperation, and challenges posed byfrom 2040 B.C., posters illustrated by The book, co-published by Scala Pub- the electronic information and digiti-Toulouse Lautrec and musical manu- lishers, will be available in the spring in zation age. scripts by Beethoven, Mozart andthe Library Sales Shops and selected Mendelssohn. bookstores. The 144-page softcover DECEMBER 2000 guidebook will cost $16.95. Credit card orders may be placed with the Sales December 2000 Shop at (202) 707-0204. National Digital Library Program's "Gift to the Nation" America's Library: Encyclopedia of the The National Digital Library Pro-The Story of the Library of Library of Congress gram's "American Memory" project isCongress, 1800-2000 The Library of Congress continues to the Library's premier Bicentennial Gift The history of the world's largest fulfill its mission: "to make its resources to the Nation. More than 6 million library, the Library of Congress, and how available and useful to Congress and the items will be on-line by the end of theit grew in the course of two centuries American people and to sustain and pre- year at www.loc.gov. This collection of from a collection of a few hundred books serve a universal collection of knowl- items from the Library's incomparable to a treasure house of more than 115edge and creativity for future genera- American history collectionstells million items in all media is the subject tions." How it has carried out this basic America's story to students and life- of America's Library: The Story of themission in the past is the subject of the long learners everywhere. Library of Congress, 1800-2000. This Encyclopedia of the Library of Congress, The "American Memory" site hascomprehensive, illustrated history, pub- an illustrated one-volume work contain- been listed among the top Web sites by lished by Yale University Press and writ-ing topical essays and approximately Time magazine, Family PC Magazineten by James Conaway, author of eight 150 shorter pieces that describe the and PC Week and has been calledbooks, will trace the Library of Congress Library's major collections. "remarkable" by The New York Times. from its "apartment" in the U.S. Capitol The Encyclopedia will be an incompa- Among the primary sources freelyto its move to the architecturally spec-rable resource for readers interested in available are thousands upon thou- tacular 1897 Thomas Jefferson Building how the largest repository of knowledge sands of materials relating to everyday to its expansion to two additional build-ever assembled in the history of the life: photographs from the Civil War ings on Capitol Hill. world was shaped by its leaders, includ- and Depression era, panoramic views The Library's collections, comprising the current Librarian of Congress, of America's cities and towns, ex-ing much more than books, includeJames H. Billington, the 13th person to amples of popular culture (baseballmotion pictures, maps, legal docu-hold the position. cards, folk songs), manuscripts ofments, manuscripts,films,music, This hardcover book is expected to sell American presidents, Thomas Edison'ssound recordings, photographs, digitalfor about $60. The Encyclopedia may be motion pictures, documents of thefiles and almost every other mediumordered through the Library of Congress women's suffrage and civil rightsthat records information. Sales Shop, (202) 707-0204.

234 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 245 Y * 0

z Sala Hispanica de Lectura Hispanic Reading Room Celebrates 60th Anniversary

BY MEG SMITH On Oct. 12, 1939, the Hispanic Reading Room at the Library of Congress opened its doors and provided access to the world's finest collection of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American materials and artifacts. Today the Hispanic Division is still recognized as the foremost source of scholarly material on Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking cultures. "The Hispanic Division has been and continues to be an internationally recognized center for Iberian, Latin Ameri- can and Caribbean studies," said Latin American Studies Association Presi- dent Franklin W. Knight in a speech at the Library last year. dQ Sixty years after the debut of the Library's first area studies reading room, the Hispanic Division has acquired 2.4 million books and periodi- The Hispanic Reading Room in the Library's Thomas Jefferson cals and 10.5 million items including Building opened on Oct. 12, 1939. maps, manuscripts, prints, photographs, voice recordings, motion pic- Associate Librarian for Librarymissioned a mural of Christopher tures and sheet music. The materialsServices Winston Tabb noted that "theColumbus's coat of arms painted on focus on Luso-Hispanic history anddivision is proud of its service tostainless steel the first mural of its culture (Luso refers to Portuguese-Congress and remains very responsivekind. And in 1941 the Brazilian govern- speaking cultures; Hispanic refers toto congressional inquiries. For ex-ment and Nelson Rockefeller commis- Spanish-speaking cultures). ample, in 1995 the Division compiledsioned Brazilian painter Candid° The Hispanic Foundation (nowfor Congress the book Hispanic Ameri-Portinari to paint four murals on the Hispanic Division) was establishedcans in Congress, 1822-1995, which iswalls of the reading room's vestibule July 1, 1939, by the Library to serve asavailable on the division's Web site. depicting early scenes of Iberian con- a global center for research in Luso- "The division also frequently doesquest in Latin America. Hispanic studies and to collect materi-translations for Congress and assists Hanke was a close friend of Hunt- als as widely as possible in history andthe interns of the Congressional His-ington's who came from the faculty culture. Both the division and the read-panic Caucus Institute when they con-of Harvard University. Under Hanke, ing room were the vision of Hispanicduct research in the Library. In re-the division expanded the scope of Society of New York (now Hispanicsponse to a congressional request, theits collection to include more Latin Society of America) founder Archer M.Hispanic Division helped develop aAmerican materials while still re- Huntington, who provided funds forWeb site on Puerto Rico in the Spanish-maining a dominant repository of the acquisition and maintenance ofAmerican War, and it is currently help- Iberian materials. materials. More than 200,000 booksing the National Digital Library Pro- Hanke began the Handbook of Latin have been purchased with endowedgram develop a special offering on theAmerican Studies in 1935 while at funds from Huntington. history of Puerto Rico," he added. Harvard. The Handbook is the most Division Chief Georgette Magassy In 1936 Huntington gave the Librarycomplete annotated, multilingual bibli- Dorn estimates that almost half of theof Congress funds for the reading roomography of Hispanic materials ever as- 7,000 scholars who come to the readingand named it the Hispanic Societysembled, and Hanke made it the main room each year are foreign. "ScholarsRoom of Spanish and Portuguese Artssource for the division's collections. come from all over the world. Most ofand Letters. He commissioned Folger Updated and published yearly, the them are professors, graduate stu-Shakespeare Library architect PaulHandbook is still the most famous of the dents, undergraduates, journalists, butPhilippe Cret to design the readingHispanic Division's publications. Each the great majority are academics. Androom in the Thomas Jefferson buildingvolume is compiled with annotations they come from places as diverse asin the style of the Spanish Renaissance.by 130 scholars and contains more India, Japan, Poland, Germany andWhen it was completed, Huntingtonthan 5,000 new entries of scholarly Spain," she said. and Division Chief Lewis Hanke corn-publications in the humanities and

OCTOBER 1999 235 2 4 6 social sciences. "The presence of the Handbook makes the division unique" because of its scope and its use as a guide to acquisitions, Ms. Dorn said. Thedivisionalso publishes several guides to its special collections, including The Harkness Collection in the Library of Congress: Manuscripts Concerning Mexico, A Guide and The Lowery Collection: A Descriptive The world's first stainless steel mural, List of Maps of the Span- Christopher Columbus's coat of arms, ish Possessions Within adorns the south wall of the Hispanic Read- the Present Limits of theing Room; Chilean poet Francisco Aguilera United States, 1502-1820. was the division's first specialist in Many of the specialHispanic literature. collections guides are on the division's home page atgovernment and the Library of Con- cisco Aguilera, in 1942. In addition to www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic. gress. "I think this is a very imagina-serving as Handbook editor and assis- Ms. Dorn attributes the Web site'stive initiative. We are working toward tant chief from 1947 to 1956, Aguilera usefulness as a research tool to the ef- its implementation and we hope to ac-created one of the division's signature forts of Reading Room Head Everettecomplish some of the first steps incollections: an archive of voice record- Larson. "Everette has been at the fore-2000," she said. ings of prominent literary figures and front of providing electronic reference Because researchers from all overpoets known as the Archive of His- to our scholars," she said. the world seek materials at the Librarypanic Literature on Tape. Luso-BrazilianSpecialistIedaof Congress, the division has sought to "He was a visionary. In 1942 and '43 Siqueira Wiarda said the Web site al-communicate with its worldwide au-recording authors was like going to the lows more researchers to use the dience through the new electronic re-moon. It was truly unusual," said Ms. division's resources than ever before. sources that have recently emerged. Dorn, who recorded authors with "You don't see all the researchers out In 1995 joint funding from the An- Aguilera before he retired in 1969. in the reading room anymore. Manydrew W. Mellon Foundation and the Between 1958 and 1961 Aguilera requests come in by fax and e-mail.Fundacion MAPFRE America of Spainmade three trips to Latin America and ...We are truly in contact with most of(MAPFRE) enabled the division torecorded 140 writers, including Jorge the world," she said. publish all 53 volumes of the HandbookLuis Borges, Quechua poet Andres According to Ms. Dorn, Dr. Billing-on CD-ROM. Dolores Martin, who ed-Alencastre, Brazilian prose writer ton's enthusiastic support for digitiz- ited the Handbook for 25 years, super-Nelida Pition and Nobel Prize winner ing the collections has led to plans forvised the conversion before her retire-Miguel Angel Asturias. a new initiative with the Library's Bra- ment in June 1999. With funding from When Nobel Prize-winning lumi- zilian materials. In a September 1998Hanke's family, the information on thenaries held readings in the United speech at a World Bank Conference in CD-ROM and its annual updates sinceStates, Aguilera and Ms. Dorn would Rio de Janeiro, Dr. Billington reiterated1995 were put on the Handbook's Webbe on hand to record their historic ap- his desire to see more nations, particu-site at memory.loc.gov/hlas. pearances. They captured the voices of larly Brazil, make their national trea- The searchable Web site has instruc- Octavio Paz, Camilo Jose Camilo Cela, sures and historical documents avail-tions in English and Spanish and re-Pablo Neruda and Gabriel Garcia able to the world through digitization. ceives 30,000 hits a month. Most of theMarquez this way. He said he was "intrigued by Brazil as searches are performed in Spanish, il- Gabriel Garcia Marquez was "ex- a multicultural frontier society, with lustrating the Handbook's importancetremely difficult" to capture on tape, many parallels to U.S. history. among Hispanic researchers. according to Ms. Dorn, because of his "A 'Brazilian memory' project An affiliate of MAPFRE, the Fun-dislike of the United States. His first [patterned after the Library's Ameri-dacion Historica Tavera, is just com-visit to Washington, D.C., was in 1977 can Memory on-line collections atpleting an updated version of theand only lasted two days. Ms. Dorn www.loc.gov) could create a bridge ofCD-ROM that includes the most re-and Dolores Martin rushed to set up an understanding between the United cent editions of the Handbook. appointment with him. "It was a real States and Brazil," he said. Another popular collection traces itscoup to record him," she said. "We Although the project is still in itsorigins to the early years of the divi-called him at the hotel where he was planning stages, Ms. Wiarda is opti-sion. Under Hanke's leadership, the staying. He said, 'Well, I can record this mistic that it will grow to become a division selected its first Specialist inmorning.' So we jumped in our car and partnership between the BrazilianHispanic Culture, Chilean poet Fran-we got it." 236 2 4 7 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 0,

"He read from Autumn of the Patri- arch, which was then unpublished," she said. "Some of the things he read did not make it into the book." Officials from the Library of Con- gress field office in Rio de Janeiro, established in 1966, recorded more than 70 of the archive's 82 Brazilian literary figures. Because of the work of the field office, the Library's collection of Brazilian materials is the most extensive in the world. Ms. Dorn also arranged for the United States Information Agency to record writers for the archive at its offices in Barcelona, Madrid, Lisbon, Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Monte- video, Port-au-Prince and Rio de Janeiro. The number of recordings contin-

ued to grow after Ms. Dorn became Lorenzo Wright curator of the archive in 1969. ThereThe advisory board of the Handbook meets the Librarian: from left, are now more than 640 recordings, Jorge Perez Lopez, U.S. Department of Labor; Peter Johnson, Princeton including the voices of modern writ- University; Cole Blasier; Asuncion Laurin, Arizona State University; ers Isabel Allende, Ana Castillo andDr. Billington; Dolores Martin; Betty Mequers, Smithsonian Institution; Jose Maria Merino. Lambros Comitas, Columbia University; Georgette Dorn; and Franklin In the 1960s and 1970s, divisionKnight, Johns Hopkins University. chiefs Howard F. Cline and Mary Ellis Kahler strengthened the division'sat the Library in 1966. Since thenCaribbean and Luso-Hispanic embas- outreach programs with other librariesthe international organization hassies and nongovernmental organiza- and Hispanic associations. grown to 5,000 active members. Hetions abroad. During his 1952-1971 tenure asalso supervised the compilation of During literary critic Sara Castro chief, Cline co-founded the Seminarthe 16-volume Handbook of MiddleKlaren's tenure as chief from 1984 on the Acquisitions of Latin Ameri-American Indians. to 1986, the division hosted a major can Library Materials (SALALM), "a Ms. Kahler became chief of theexhibition on Miguel de Cervantes. seminal and pioneering organizationnewly renamed Latin American, Por-Her successor, political scientist Cole of librarians and area specialists,tuguese and Spanish Division in 1973.Blasier, appointed Ms. Wiarda as which is a vital network for acquisi-She greatly increased the division'sthe first Luso-Brazilian specialist and tions," according to the Winter 1999holdings of Portuguese and BrazilianBarbara Tenenbaum as the first Mexi- newsletter of the Archer M. Hunting-materials and published guides to thecan specialist. ton Society. Cline and future divisionmanuscript collections to make them In addition to providing detailed ref- Chief Cole Blasier established themore accessible to researchers. She lefterence service, specialists are charged Latin American Studies Associationthe post in 1978 to become field direc-with enhancing the Library's collector of the Rio de Janeirotions in their subject area, according to office. Ms. Wiarda. "The foundations, embas- William E. Carter leftsies and authors get to know us on thedirectorshipofa personal basis, and they want to Latin American Stud-make sure that their books are in the ies at the University ofLibrary," she said. Florida to serve as chief Ms. Dorn estimated that the Library from 1978 to 1983. Heacquires 1,400 new Luso-Hispanic successfully campaigned titles a year through the efforts of its to have the divisionspecialists. revert to its original From her curatorship of the Archive name toreflecttheof Hispanic Literature on Tape, Ms. intent of its founder.Dorn became head of reference and He also actively ac-specialist in Hispanic culture and then quired materials re-assumed the chief's position in 1994. Jim Higgins lating to indigenousMs. Dorn teaches history at George- Luso-Brazilian specialist leda Siqueira Wiarda,peoples and culturestown University and has focused International Republican Institute Fellowof Latin America andon preparing a new generation of Ferreva Alberto de Lemos from Angola andtheCaribbean andHispanic scholars by improving and Georgette Dorn strengthened ties to the continued on page 239

OCTOBER 1999 237 ttr0 aP

41\V pp5 s Bicentennial Background Gifts to the Nation

BY JOHN Y. COLE April 14 Dr. Billington announced a Although the Library of Congressgift of $1 million from Jerry Jones, has unparalleled collections,owner and general manager of the there are still important items itDallas Cowboys football team, and would like to add to its collections. his wife, Gene, to fund the replace- "Gifts to the Nation" has been estab-ment of volumes from Thomas lished as one of the Library's Bicen-Jefferson's library, two-thirds of tennial projects to help obtain thesewhich was lost in a fire in 1851. materials. The Library will be 200 onJefferson's personal library of 6,487 April 24, 2000. volumes, acquired in 1815, is the Through donors' gifts to the institu-"seed" of today's Library of Con- tion, the Library is acquiring histori-gress. Its reconstruction through re- cally significant items that have beenplacement of the missing volumes P, identified by the institution's curators.in the same edition that Jefferson Other gifts are providing supportowned is a major Bicentennial for endowments and for establishedproject. All the found books will Library programs. be featured in the exhibition Joyce Naltchayan Furthermore, the Library is making"Thomas Jefferson: Genius ofThe Madison Council, under the lead- its own "gift to the nation." The Na-Liberty," which will open on Aprilership of John Kluge, is the major sup- tional Digital Library Program, in co-24, 2000. As of Sept. 14, 128 booksporter of the Library's Bicentennial operation with other institutions, byhad been purchased, four had beenand its "Gifts to the Nation" project; 2000 will offer 6 million items of im-donated to the Library and 697Council member Jerry Jones and his portant American history materials attitles remained to be acquired. wife, Gene, are thanked by Dr. Billington www.loc.gov. Currently, more than 2.5Of the 1,012 items originally neededfor their $1 million gift to help rebuild million items can be viewed at theto complete Jefferson's library, Thomas Jefferson's personal library. American Memory Web site. 187 were located in the The James Madison Council, theLibrary of Congress Library'sprivatesector advisorycollections. group, is playing a key role in Gifts to "We are extremely the Nation and in the entire Bicenten-grateful to the Madison nial commemoration. The curators' listCouncil and its chair- of recommendations for gifts to theman, John Kluge, for collections was forwarded to the coun-their generous support cil, which is helping the Library seekof our institution, " said donations to make the gifts possible.Dr. Billington during a During its meeting on April 13-14,reception honoring Mr. Chairman John Kluge asked eachKluge on April 13 (see Madison Council member to considerLC Information Bulletin, making a personal gift. In addition toMay 1999). In addition special acquisitions items, potentialto its donations thus far gifts include endowed chairs, en-of $7.4 million for "gifts dowed curatorships and endowedto the nation" and $3.3 Glen Krankowski centers for scholarship that will pro-million for general Bicentennial sup-when he persuaded physician Joseph mote the creative use of the collections.port, the Madison Council has contrib-M. Toner to donate his 38,000-volume Thus far Madison Council membersuted more than $45 million to supportpersonal collection to the Library. In have contributed more than $7.4 mil-the National Digital Library Program.approving the gift, which was espe- lion to the Gifts to the Nation project, cially rich in American history and the which, in addition to acquisitions ofGifts to the Library: history of American medicine, the materials, have supported exhibitions, Some Early Milestones Joint Committee on the Library stated endowed chairs and other programs. As the Library of Congress began tothat it was "the first instance in the The council has also provided generalgrow in national importance in thehistory of this government of the free support of more than $3.3 million foryears following the Civil War, it begangift of a large and valuable library the Bicentennial. to attract occasional gifts from foreignto the nation." Sen. John Sherman, One "gift to the nation" from agovernments and from individuals. Incommittee chairman, expressed the Madison Council member has special 1882 Librarian of Congress Ainsworthcommittee's hope that "an example so significance for the Bicentennial. On Rand Spofford set a lasting precedentlaudable may be productive of many

238 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 2 4 n 0

z similar literary and scientific benefac-authorized "to accept, receive, hold and tions in the future." administer such gifts or bequests of per- In the 1880s, however, the Library ofsonal property for the benefit of, or in Congress already was out of space inconnection with, the Library, its collec- the Capitol building, and it wasn't un-tions or its service." Putnam capitalized til after the new Library buildingon that accomplishment by launching a opened in 1897 that Sherman's hopeseries of initiatives that brought the Li- could be fulfilled. brary, primarily through private contri- The person responsible was Li-butions, its first endowed chairs and brarian Herbert Putnam, who per-consultantships. The success of the Trust suaded, cajoled and impressed manyFund Board was crucial to his vision of donors and potential donors duringthe nationalization of the Library's ser- his 40 years (1899-1939) as head ofvices and collections. the institution. In 1907 he received Finally, the distribution of Library of approval from the U.S. attorneyCongress printed catalog cards to other general to use the words "to thelibraries, which Putnam began in 1901, United States of America, to bewas a precursor to today's sharing placed in the Library of Congress"of digitized items from the Library's for gifts or bequests to the Library.collections through the National Digital

Historian Henry Harrisse, who diedLibrary. As he explained in his 1901 an- John Singer Sargent in 1910, bequeathed his personal li-nual report, Putnam simply could not ig-The generous gifts of Elizabeth brary of maps, manuscripts and rarenore "the opportunity and appeal" ofSprague Coolidge (1854-1953) books to the Library. In 1912 Jacob H.centralized cataloging as a nationalled in 1925 to the creation of Schiff donated nearly 10,000 vol-Library of Congress service. The resultthe Library of Congress Trust umes and pamphlets of Hebraica.of providing cataloging informationFund Board. The same year, J.P. Morgan donatedthrough the printed cards would be to "the National Library" a complete"prodigious savings to the libraries of the country." Moreover, the technol- bound set of letters and documentsogy was available: the Library already housed a branch of the Government from the signers of the Declaration ofPrinting Office. The Librarian called the new card service "the most signifi- Independence. cant of our undertakings of this first year of the new century." Putnam's major achievement came His rationale in 1901 has a familiar ring a century later: "American instinct in 1925. Taking advantage of signifi-and habit revolt against multiplication of brain effort and outlay where a cant gifts the previous year frommultiplication of results can be achieved by machinery. This appears to be a James B.Wilbur and Elizabethcase where it may." Sprague Coolidge, he engineered the approval by Congress of the LibraryJohn Cole is co-chair of the Bicentennial Steering Committee and director of the of Congress Trust Fund Board. It was Center for the Book.

Hispanic scious of schools' needs, and thedor of Spain Antonio Oyarzabal and continued from page 237 library's role in education," she said. Rep. Xavier Becerra (D-Calif.). (For In close cooperation with universities, more information on anniversary expanding a program that brings aca-scholars and embassies, the division or- activities and other programs, access demic interns to the division andganizes about 25 symposia, lectures,the division's special events Web also by raising money for graduate poetry readings and other special eventspage at www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ student fellowships in Hispanic each year. On Oct. 20-21, the Library will events.html.) studies. sponsor a major symposium on Octavio "I fully expect that the division's Ms. Dorn's goals for the future in-Paz with the Mexican Embassy. traditions of excellent service, excel- clude using the new technology at The Hispanic Division's 60th anni-lent relationships with the research hand to provide greater access to theversary celebration will be held Co-community,outstandingprofes- Library's materials for Spanish-speak- lumbus Day, Oct. 12. Ms. Dorn said thesional dedication to the building of ing scholars. "Our Web page gets twiceall-day program will include a panelthe Library's collections and vigor- as many visits to the Spanish versiondiscussion at the National Digitalous dedication to public program- as the English. This is something thatLibrary Learning Center in the Madi-ming will continue," said Mr. Tabb. puzzles us a great deal because inson building. Division specialists in"I also expect that the division, Latin America the access to the Web isthe morning will talk about thewhich has been in the forefront of not as widespread as it is here and inLibrary'sLuso-Hispanic holdingsusing electronic media to dissemi- Spain," she said. "We would like to put "from Columbus to the Internet." Annate the Library's holdings, will con- more of our collections on-line, andafternoon panel, made up of experts in tinue in a leadership role in the elec- we've been working at putting upLuso-Hispanic studies, will talk abouttronic information age." some of our rare materials on the Web.scholarship over the past 60 years. A "We also want to reach out toreception will be held in the eveningMs. Smith is a former intern in the [school-age children]. We're very con-featuring keynote speakers Ambassa- Public Affairs Office.

OCTOBER 1999 25@ 239 BEST COPY AVAILABLE z

`Life of the People' Exhibition Features Realist Prints and Drawings

BY SARA DUKE AND HARRY L. KATZ collection is particularly Tisitors to the Library of Congressrich in images from the V this fall will have an unparalleled1930s, when the turmoil opportunity to view outstanding ex-and uncertainty of the amples of realist graphic art. Depression led increas- The exhibition "Life of the People:ing numbers of artists to Realist Prints and Drawings from the turn toward socially rel- Ben and Beatrice Goldstein Collection, evant subject matter. 1912-1948" features works on paper byTheir images include leading North American artists. moving portraits, scath- Labor advocate and garment manu-ing satires, haunting im- facturer Ben Goldstein, with the sup-ages of social ills and port of his wife, Beatrice, left to themore lighthearted de- Library of Congress a collection ofpictions of life in the first American prints and drawings in- half of the 20th century. formed by a sympathy for the condi- The collection repre- tion of working people. A native Newsents the legacy of real- Yorker, he collected over several de-ist artists Robert Henri, cades works that stirred his personalJohn Sloan and Thomas interest in the city of his birth, theHartBenton,under American people and the human con-whom many of the art- dition. His concerns encompassed aists in the exhibition broad spectrum of social and politicalstudied and who stood issues that touched on life in urbanas advocates of repre- centers and in rural areas, Americansentational art. These labor and industry, and the experienceartists rejected abstrac-The Drunk, ca. 1924. George Bellows cre- and achievements of minority groups.tion in spite of itsated this tense, violent image of a wife strug- Along with landmark images in thegrowing influence ingling desperately to subdue her drunken history of American political art, Ben Americaas irrelevant husband to illustrate an article titled "Why Goldsteinassembledoutstandingand inaccessible. TheirWe Prohibit," which appeared in Good holdings of works by creators whoempathetic depictionsHousekeeping in 1924, in the midst of the shared his social concerns. Amongof ordinary men andProhibition era; below left, In the Subway, these artists were women, Africanwomen enduring or en-1921, also by Bellows. Americans and the Mexican muralistsjoying their everyday who were so influential at the time. The lives expressed the pain and rare plea-by such major figures as Diego suresexperiencedbyRivera, Stuart Davis, Thomas Hart Americans during a pe-Benton, John Sloan, George Bellows, riod that witnessed twoand Isabel Bishop, as well as the world wars and a devas-work of such lesser-known artists as tating economic depres-Blanche Grambs, Elizabeth Olds, sion. Artists used theirLamar Baker and Prentiss Taylor, art to fight for civil rightshave been selected. and against social or eco- More information on the Library of nomic injustice. In a timeCongress's print and drawing collec- of almost universaltions is available through the Swann hardshiptheir imagesFoundation's Web site: www.loc.gov/ conveyed understanding.rr/print/swann/swannhome.html, These prints and draw-by e-mailing: [email protected], or by ings let people know for acalling Sara Duke, Curatorial Project moment that they wereAssistant at (202) 707-9115 or Harry not alone. Katz at (202) 707-8696. From the diverse wealth of images, themes and Ms. Duke is curatorial project assistant techniques represented infor cartoon and caricature in the Prints the Goldstein Collection, and Photographs Division. Mr. Katz is 59 prints and drawings, the division's curator for popular and including notable works applied graphic art.

240 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Clockwise from left: Georges Schreiber's From Arkan- sas, 1941. Schreiber visited 48 states working for the WPA between 1936 and 1939; White Collar Boys by Elizabeth Olds, 1936; The Lord Provides by Jacob Burck, 1934.The work reflects Burck's training under master political cartoonist Boardman Robinson. He quickly absorbed Robinson's political radicalism; Builders by Harry Sternberg, 1935-36. Sternberg pioneered the artistic development of commercial print processes such as screenprinting and offset lithography.

"Life of the People: Realist Prints and Drawings from the Ben and Beatrice Goldstein Collection, 1912-1948," curated by Harry L. Katz, the Library's curator of popular and applied graphic art, opens Oct. 20 and closes Jan. 29, 2000. The gallery, located adjacent to the Great Hall in the Jefferson Building, is open to the public free of charge from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday. An exhibition catalog with essays by Garnett McCoy and Bernard F. Reilly Jr. and edited by Mr. Katz is available for sale in the Library's Sales Shops.

OCTOBER 1999 2 5 2 241 c Clockwise from above: Mujer Mexicana by Jose Clemente Orozco, 1926, based on the fresco Orozco created for his alma mater, the National Preparatory School in Mexico City. It is taken from the panel called The Return to Labor; Robert Minor's powerful classic, Pittsburgh, 1916, drawn for The Masses during a steelworkers' strike; Eastside New York by Albert Potter, ca. 1931-35. NewYork's Lower East Side was a bustling haven for European immigrants and provided a wealth of vital urban imagery for Potter and his fellow artists; Moses Soyer's Defense Workers, 1942-43 (also known as War Workers), depicts the faces of workers involved in the war effort; The Skaters by Lawrence Beall Smith, 1939, captures the spirit of a city neighborhood and the youthful exuber- ance of children in a fluid realist style.

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4.% Conservation Corner Rejuvenating Political Cartoons

BY HOLLY HUSTON ous generation's labor KRUEGER AND struggles,ofwhich MARK ROOSA Minor's Pittsburgh is an A n evolution of ma- iconic example. Builders terials and tech- was marred by an un- niques in cartooning fortunate placement of can be discerned in the adhesive tape just next upcoming exhibition to the figures. Over time "Life of the People: the adhesive in the tape RealistPrintsand had turned dark brown, Drawings from the Ben stainingthepaper. and Beatrice Goldstein Treatment involved re- Collection, 1912-1948." moval of the darkened (See related story on adhesive by running page 240.) solvents through the The collection came area. The stain left in the to the Library in 1993. paper was then treated The Conservation Divi- by washing and light sion began treatment Hoboken before (left) and after preservation treatment bleaching. last year. So far 59 items Stuart Davis was an have been treated in preparation for theyoked by Minor's choice of litho crayonactive participant in the political fervor exhibition and book. The treatments in-is undiminished. The successful conser-of the day. First published in 1918 in the volve a wide range of technical solu-vation of this piece hinged on finding asocialist Liberator newspaper, Davis's tions. Many objects received minorbalance between preserving the artist'sHoboken is a vivid drawing inspired by treatment including dry-cleaning sur-intent and stabilizing the object physi-street life and portrays working-class face dirt, mending tears and removal ofcally and chemically. A completely pris- citizens going about their daily lives. extraneous materials such as old hingestine appearance would not be possibleAlthough more conventional in his and tapes, which could cause damagegiven the condition of the object, norchoice of materials than Robert Minor, if kept in place. Selected objects re-would it be desirable, as the raw beautyDavis's work is raw and engaging. ceived more complicated treatmentsof the image could be diminished with His Hoboken arrived in the Conserva- that included washing or light bleach-too much alteration. Treatment for thistion Division Lab in a severely compro- ing or both to remove discoloration andpiece involved removal of polyvinylmised condition, having rested against the products of acidic degradation.acetate (common white glue is a type ofcorrugated cardboard and acidic win- Prints and drawings treated with thesePVA) used to adhere potentially dam-dow mats for years. Acid from these techniques are healthier, brighter in ap-aging material to the back of the paper.poor quality materials had migrated, pearance and closer in tone to the origi-Tears were then mended and creases re-creating a corrugated pattern of discol- nal paper color. A few items, includinginforced with Japanese paper, madeoration in the paper and a dark rim of Robert Minor's Pittsburgh (see p. 242). from the inner bark of the indigenousdiscoloration around the image. The Stuart Davis's Hoboken and HarryJapanese kozo plant, which is known fordiscoloration caused by the cardboard Sternberg's Builders received moreits particularly long fibers. The paperwas reduced by "float washing" the complex treatments. was adhered with wheat starch paste, pieces on specially constructed screens Robert Minor's work from the earlywhich is routinely used in conservationthat keep their surfaces from being im- 1900s, as typified by Pittsburgh (1916),because of its excellent working proper- mersed in water. After washing, origi- had an extremely strong influence onties and because it is reversible shouldnal nuances formerly obscured by the political cartoonists. This was due inthe treatment ever need to be undone. darkened paper could be discerned. large part to Minor's use of unconven- Harry Sternberg's Builders (1935)Successful reduction of the dark rim tional media such as lithographic(see p. 241) came out of the WPAaround the perimeter of the drawings crayon and ink washes. The intenseproject. Sternberg taught at the Art(mat burn) was accomplished by ap- black of a grease crayon is perfectlyStudent's League and succeeded inplying localized poultices. While not all suited to gestural drawings such asbringing original art to a wider audi-of the discoloration could be removed, these, and soon other cartoonists beganence in the best democratic tradition.enough of the dark line of the mat burn using similar media. He also was active in the developmentwas visually "broken" to allow more of Pittsburgh bore the signs of casualof printing techniques. Builders, a well- the piece to be displayed. handling through the decades since its executed lithograph, is emblematic of creation. At some point, it had been the tradition of the glorification of theMs. Krueger is senior paper conservator rolled and creased. Despite its "rough " worker, a genre that could have only in the Conservation Division, of which appearance, the power of the image in- grck-Wn out of the turmoil of the previ- Mr. Roosa is the chief.

OCTOBER 1999 243 254 * 0

COE M14.1,1116.1r16161:11- WA-10g VOTES. "Dad...!" Editorial cartoonist Paul Conrad discussed his work at the Libraryon Sept. 8. `Afflicting the Comfortable' Cartoonist Paul Conrad Puts Words Behind thePictures

BY YVONNE FRENCH The lecture was cosponsored by theMrs. Reagan regularly called the Times Ecartoonist Paul ConradSwann Foundation for Caricature andto complain, according to an introduc- LA made the audience laugh atCartoon. tory account in Conartist: 30 Years with presidents, politics and himself as Mr. Conrad, a tall Midwesternerthe Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles he brought his bold humor to thewith long hair swept straight backTimes, 1993). Library on Sept. 8 for a "Books &from his forehead, displayed a trait One of Mr. Conrad's personal favor- Beyond" program. that he said he often wished for in hisites was a cartoon of Nixon nailing The program marked the officialsubjects: the ability to laugh at oneself.himself to the cross. Mr. Conrad said acceptance by the Library of a gift of In a slide show following his talk,he was proud to be added in 1973 to 21 original editorial cartoons fromhe showed responses mailed by hisNixon's enemies list. Former Los Ange- Mr. Conrad. In 1994 Mr. Conrad hadreaders to the Los Angeles Times.les Times editor and executive vice donated to the Library 52 drawingsMany were scrawled over his car-president Shelby Coffey III wrote in dating from 1969 to 1993 and coveringtoons, and some included artwork.the introduction to Conartist that such topics as the Vietnam War, theSome were complimentary. SomeMr. Conrad had presidency and foreign relations. were not appropriate for reprinting"afflicted the com- Harry Katz, curator of applied andin this publication. However, onefortable and com- graphic art in the Prints and Photo-written on a Los Angeles Times billfortedtheaf- graphs Division, displayed the 21said, "Please deduct the portion thatflicted" since he newly donated drawings inthegoes to Conrad." Another, written onwashiredin Mumford Room, where the lecturea veterinarian's reminder postcard, 1964. was held. Said Mr. Katz: "We collectsaid, "Our records show that it is Mr. Conrad what we feel are the best graphictime for Conrad to receive the immu-said the worst artists of the current generation andnization listed below: rabies." Onetimes for him past generations." handwrittennotethatblastedas an edi- The Books and Beyond lectureConrad and was signed "no name torialcar- series, sponsored by the Center forI'm a friend of your wife's." toonist the Book, features authors of recent Mr. Conrad called these missiveswere dur- books that have a connection to the"hilarious." He poked fun at theing the as- Library's collections or programs.foibles of presidents from Eisenhowersassina- Mr. Conrad's new book, Drawing theto Clinton, begging, in a rare self-por-tions of Line (Los Angeles Times, 1999), pre-trait on Nov. 7, 1984, for four more sents 200 black-and-white drawingsyears for Ronald Reagan, whom he ranging from the 1960s to Presidenthad also lambasted as governor of 1/2 ..-, Clinton's administration. California, so much so that Mr. and ''TAU C RA0104

244 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN r- r-- John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy. "I'll never forget those guys. I often wonder what the country would have been like if those men had not been erased from the American political scene." Mr. Conrad was at the Denver Post for 14 years, until he won his first Pulitzer Prize in 1964. He then headed for the Los Angeles Times, where he was chief editorial cartoonist until 1993. He went into semiretirement on April 1 of that year April Fool's day, as some of his readers pointed out. He still draws four cartoons a week for the Times, "whether they use them or not." Today Mr. Conrad's work is syndi- cated by the Los Angeles Times and WHERE 11-1E CA6HION MOGULSGo TO sHoP. appears in newspapers around the world.Inadditionto winningopen the paper in the Pulitzer Prizes for a year of cartoonsmorning. Sometimes I in 1964, 1971 and 1984, he has wondon't even have to go many other professional accolades inbeyond Page 1 anyhis more than five decades as a politi-more."Mr. Conrad cal cartoonist. said that before sitting He got his start drawing on the bath-down to draw; he room wall in St. Augustine's school inreads every story he Des Moines, Iowa. He knew bettercan find on a subject in than to write on the bathroom wall, heorder to get all pos- said. But he did illustrate someonesible angles. "Then I else's editorial comment at age 8 anddecide who is right learned four lessons, he wrote in theand who is wrong. It introduction to the book. isn't drawing. It is an "First I learned that one picture isopinion." worth a thousand words, and that How do the ideas when the establishment gets mad, theycome to him? He can- always go after the cartoonist, not thenot explain it, he told editorial writer! one of the 80 or so "Second, I learned that it takes alecture-goers during a big man to laugh at himself and that,question-and-answer tragically, many of the members of thesession. They simply -7" establishment are not very big men. come in a flash from his C,R*414%,sNo-tc4zome "Third, I learned that I could drawsubconscious, he said. cartoons better than any other kid at St. "You have to be furious about it at theeditorial page and onto the op-ed Augustine's, and that people got ex-moment." page. He grumbled that editors today cited about my drawings. How did he get so furious? One"don't want any ripples. The Los Ange- "Last, I learned there was deep in-formative moment, Mr. Katz specu-les Times is beginning to look like a side me an urge to say what I thoughtlated, might have been back at shopper. They have no fire in their bel- about life and the establishment to anythe University of Iowa, where Mr.lies. We may be witnessing the death of and all who would look at my draw-Conrad attended on the G.I. bill aftera truly American icon. We are the only ings. There's too much to be concernedserving in World War II. He tookcountry with a First Amendment that about, and I am a concerned citizen." some of his work to show conserva-gives us the right and privilege to say Editorial cartoonist Doug Marlettetive political cartoonist Ding Darlingwhat is on our minds," he said. of Newsday delivered a tribute toat the Des Moines Register, who said: He saved his worst invective for the Conrad in 1993, saying: "In the objec-"I don't think you have it in you," yuppie generation, whom he said have tive, emotionally distant and often citing a lack of perspective and convic- "money but no character, sensibility cold-blooded world of journalism,tion, Mr. Conrad said. but no sense, and nostalgia but no his- where values and passion are scorned, Later his opinions became so strongtory" They talk about themselves and Conrad is our designated feeler." that during Watergate, the Los Angeles their perceptions. If this is what sensi- Said Mr. Conrad: "I can't wait toTimes moved his cartoons off of the continued on page 249

OCTOBER 1999 245 *o

ea Art & Commerce Future of Literary Publishing Discussedat NEA/LC Event

BY JOHN Y. COLE How to broaden the audience for serious literature in America is the subject of a newly released conference report. "Bridging Art & Commerce," a symposium hosted at the Library by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the Library's Center for the Book, was held in March. Thirty invited participants from foundations; publishing firms; and literary, arts and library organizations spent the day discussing three topics: trends in authorship, publishing and book selling and their impact on literature; the role of philanthropies in literature; and possible ways for the National Endow- ment for the Arts to address the key

issues and support literature. Lorenzo Wright The meeting profited from carefulDirector of the Center for the Book, John Cole with Cliff Becker, preparation and interviews conducted director of the NEA Literature Program, and Bill Ivey, NEA chairman. by the Conservation Company of Phil-The National Endowment for the Arts is one of the Center for the Book's adelphia. After welcoming remarksnational reading promotion partners. from this writer; Bill Ivey, chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts; the overall quality of writing in the and Cliff Becker, director of the NEA's Philanthropies and Government United States is rising or declining. Interview findings: There is relatively Literature Program, facilitators Paul Interview findings (publishers): Thelittle funding for literature available Connolly and Marcelle Hinand of theconsolidation of commercial publish- Conservation Company presented from national foundations. Critical ing, the restructuring of the industry questions: Why is there so little philan- their interview findings and criticaland technological advances have made questions for discussion. thropic support for literature and how this an age of rapid change. Criticalcan it be increased? How can federal questions: Has the consolidation of Current Trends and Their agencies create and improve partner- commercial publishing led to more orships to support literature? Impact on Literature fewer opportunities for publishing cer- Interview findings (audiences): Thetain types of literature? How have audience for serious literature is rela-nonprofit publishers' roles shifted as aThe Role of the NEA: Current tively small compared to the size of theresult of the industry's restructuring?Role, Resources and Constraints, audience for other books; it is unclearIs some literature falling through thePossible Strategies whether the audience for literature iscracks and going unpublished? General strategies to support literature: growing or shrinking; and we still Interview findings (distributors andAttract more private foundation sup- have insufficient data about on the au-booksellers): The trend toward consoli-port, increase efforts to coordinate and dience for literature. Critical questions:dation is dominated by the rise of thebuild on the efforts of other organiza- What are the size and characteristics ofbook-selling chains and affects booktions that support literature. the audience for literature? Is the audi-sellers and distributors alike; the Strategies to build the audience for lit- ence growing or shrinking? Why?growth of on-line book selling and theerature: Improve efforts to fight illit- How do we know? What do we wantshifting role of public libraries are im-eracy and promote literacy; support to know about the readership of litera- portant trends that need to be tracked. audience development initiatives; con- ture and how can we improve the wayCritical questions: How has the consoli- duct or support research on audiences we obtain this information? dation of book selling and distributionfor literature. Interview findings (writers): The num- affected access to serious literature? Strategies to support the creation of writ- ber of writers and poets appears to beHow will the expansion of on-line ing and to increase access to literature: fund growing; there are differing opinionsbook selling alter how people obtain and honor writers; support literary about whether or not the population ofliterature? How have changes in the li-presses and distributors; facilitate com- writers reflects the diversity of Ameri-brary community affected access to lit- mercial and nonprofit interaction in the can society; and it is unclear whethererature? continued on page 249

246 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN *5

Maps, Globes, Panoramas New Acquisitions in Geography and Map Division

BY ELIZABETH MANGAN AND JAMES A. FLATNESS The Geography and Map Division I acquired during the past year a number of historic maps, globes and panoramas. Among them are what may be the first map to recognize the United States. Didier Robert de Vaugondy's Carte du Canada et des Etats' Unis de l'Amerique Septentrionale was produced in Paris by Jean Baptiste Fortin in 1778. Mary Pedley, author of Bel et Utile (Tring, Herts., England: Map Collector Publications, 1992), notes that Fortin changed the title to include Etats-Unis de l'Amerique Septentrionale, "thereby making it one of the first maps (if not the first) to recognize the existence of the United States. Its publication must have followed the signing of the alliance between France and the fledg Neshan Naltchayan ling United States on Feb. 6, 1778." James Flatness holds a very large 1781 French wall map of North Also acquired was A New & ExactAmerica by Louis Charles Desnos. Mapp of the Island of Jamaica, by Bochart & Knollis, printed in London for Charles Harper in 1684. This early Julius Bien's 1858 Preliminary Chart year. These are the only known copies large map of Jamaica was originally of Charleston Harbor and Its Approaches of Philmont, N.Y., 1881, by an unknown bound into the Laws of Jamaica, 1684is signed by Maj. Gen. S.W. Crawford, author; H.H. Bailey's Elmira, N.Y. 1873; and contains extensive information ona Union officer at Fort Sumter. It isand a previously unrecorded pan- the physical, cultural and economicaccompanied by an 1869 letter fromoramic view, Derby, Shelton and East landscape of the island, one of theCrawford that provides historicalDerby, Conn., 1898, by Landis and most important English colonies of thebackground on the Confederate bomb-Hughes. The Library also acquired 17th century. ing of the fort. It is possible thatW.G. Fonseca's Winnipeg, 1884, pro- Crawford had this hydro-duced in Ottawa, which contains 22 graphic chart with him dur-border vignettes. The only other copy ing his duty at Fort Sumter. of this view is held in the National The Library acquired anArchives of Canada. 1837 map of Hawaii, titled The Library's globe collection has Na Mokupuni 0 Hawaii Nei,also grown through the purchase of that is drawn by Kalama,The Excelsior (6.8 inches in diameter), a Hawaiian cartographer,manufactured by I.S. Wachob & Co. and produced at the prin-in Scranton, Pa., around 1870; The ting press at the Lahai-Franklin Terrestrial Globe (12.4 inches naluna missionary schoolin diameter), produced in Troy, N.Y., in Hawaii. The map was in-by H.R. Nims & Co., between 1869 and tended for the instructional1885; and a Persian manuscript celes- use of Hawaiian students,tial globe hand-painted on a solid and represents the Library'swooden sphere (5.2 inches in diam- earliest example of the rareeter), produced around 1650. It was maps printed at the Lahai-purchased for the Library by the Madi- naluna Press. son Council, the Library's private-sector advisory and support board. This is Neshan Naltchayan Two unique panoramic Hand-painted Persiancelestial woodenmaps have also been addedthe only pre-1900 Islamic globe in the globe, ca. 1650 to the collections in the past continued on page 249

OCTOBER 1999 247 * 0

v+iii\v ¢SS Beyond Area Studies Library Hosts 'Globalization' Seminar

BY JERRY H. BENTLEY were the U.S. government and privatetopics: John R. McNeill of Georgetown rr his fall, professors at more thanorganizations, such as the Ford Foun-University discussed scholarship on 1 two dozen community collegesdation. Meanwhile, the Library ofbiological exchanges in world history; across the country are teaching coursesCongress assembled extraordinary Patrick Manning of Northeastern Uni- with a new, cross-cultural focus aftercollections of publications on theversity addressed the themes of migra- attending "Globalizing Regional Stud-world's various regions. tion and diaspora; Patricia Seed of Rice ies," a seminar hosted by the Library of In many ways these initiatives led toUniversity spoke about cultural ex- Congress in July 1999. improvements in understanding indi-changes; James D. Tracy of the Univer- The instructors gathered for a three-vidual nations, regions and internationalsity of Minnesota dealt with issues that week course whose purpose was to realities. Area studies programs fosteredhave arisen in the study of cross-cul- provide community college teachers expertise in world languages and gener-tural trade in world history; Edmund with an opportunity to exchange ideasated libraries of information about for-Burke III of the University of California with leading scholars, pursue their in-eign lands and peoples. Although U.S.at Santa Cruz explored the literature on dividual research projects at the Library area studies programs have generatedimperialism and colonialism; Margaret of Congress and explore new ways of more information than, earlier efforts,Strobel of the University of Illinois at organizing knowledge about the world, the traditional approach has recentlyChicago examinedgender-related beyond the conventional approach. come under scrutiny. Some critics havequestions; Stanley N. Katz of Princeton About half of America's under-charged that Cold War interests taintedUniversity discussed civil society and graduate students attend communityarea studies and influenced scholars'democratization in global perspective. colleges, yet community college fac-conceptions of global relationships. Like the seminar's formal program, ulty have less opportunity to conductThey argued that both the institutionalresearch projects undertaken by semi- research or keep up with recent trendsstructures and the substantive content of nar participants also reflected the influ- in scholarship than their colleagues inarea studies were expressions of U.S.ence of cross-cultural interactions in four-year colleges and universities. hegemony in the world. Some haveworld history. For example, Michele The seminar enabled participants toquestioned the scientific status of area Dolphin of Front Range Community meet with scholars who are active instudies, characterizing them as purelyCollege investigated the encounters of seeking new ways to interpret globaldescriptive exercises with no theoretical African, European and Asian musical interactions. It also enabled them toor explanatory power. Others havetraditions in the United States; use the rich holdings at the Library in pointed out that these programs have fo-Maureen Nutting of North Seattle carrying out research that will enhancecused attention almost exclusively on in- Community College studied trans- the courses they teach. dividual societies and ignored trans-national identity in the Japanese Funded by the Ford Foundation, theregional and global processes that havediaspora in Brazil; Joseph Walwick of seminar was a joint venture of the profoundly influenced the developmentManatee Community College studied American Historical Association, theof both individual societies themselves the domestic and global ramifications Community College Humanities Asso-and the world as a whole. of Sputnik; Shelley Wiley of Nash ciation and the Library of Congress. Co- The seminar explored possibilities ofCommunity College explored religious directors of the seminar's program weredeveloping different approaches to in-traditions of the African diaspora in this author and Charles Evans, a profes-ternational studies. During the pastthe Caribbean; and Y.K. Hui of Frank sor at Northern Virginia Communityfew decades, world historians have de- Phillips College focused on the ques- College. Lester Vogel of the Library'svoted attention to precisely the kindstion of civil society in China and the Office of Scholarly Programs served as of large-scale processes that area stud- Chinese diaspora. the seminar's research director. ies scholarship had overlooked, such Seminar participants are using their The formal program focused on ef-as climatic changes, mass migrations, experience at their home institutions, forts to move beyond traditional "areacampaigns of imperial expansion,where they are organizing talks, pan- studies." After World War II, American cross-cultural trade, biological ex-els, workshops, seminars and curricu- political, military and business leaderschanges, transfers of technology, thelum-development projects to take ad- realized a need for reliable knowledgespread of ideas and ideals, and the ex-vantage of area studies scholarship about the major world regions East pansion of religious faiths and culturalwhile moving beyond traditional area Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia,traditions. In exploring these changes, studies approaches. Southwest Asia (often referred to asworld historians have pioneered some For further information about the the Middle East), Russia and Easternpromising ways to understand theseminar and other Globalizing Regional Europe, Western Europe, Africa, North larger world by taking a more globalStudies initiatives, see the project's America, Latin America and Oceania.approach to the past. Web page at www.theaha.org/grs. To develop this knowledge they insti- The seminar's program brought to- tuted programs of area studies atgether a series of guest faculty who dis-Mr. Bentley is a history professor at the American universities. Major fundingcussed recent scholarship in world his-University of Hawaii. He also edits the sources for many of these programstory under seven distinct but relatedJournal of World History.

248 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN ')1,7 " 'I * 0 p 4 Tr n oe >1\ 0 ... N1/4 / ,NZ."....2 o

4'.,000 Conrad Conrad concluded. continued from page 245 The Center for the Book was established in 1977 to stimulate public interest in books, reading and librar- tivity means, I wish I'd taken up a life ies. For information about its activities, visit its Web of crime." site at www.loc.gov/loc/cfbook. He said he overhears them debating The Swann Foundation, administered by the Prints about balsamic vinegars and cold-and Photographs Division, supports a continuing pressed vs. warm-pressed olive oil inprogram at the Library of preservation, publication, the aisles of his local supermarket inexhibition, acquisition and scholarly research in the California, where they clog the streetsrelated fields of cartoon, caricature and illustrations. with their sport-utility vehicles. "ThisFor more information, visit the Swann Founda- is a self-absorbed group the like oftion Web siteat www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/ which I really can't compare." swannhome.html. "People can be accountable and responsible for an entire career andMs. French is a public affairs specialist in the Public that's what I've attempted to do," Affairs Office.

NEA foundation support and research aboutout the year with writers, actors, musi- continued from page 246 its audience. cians and other artists. Applications for It has awarded a chairman's grant togrant funds will be posted on the ALA literature field; and promote literature.the American, Library AssociationWeb site: www.ala.org/publicprograms. In the discussion, this writer pro-(ALA) to support the planning phase The NEA also is hosting a round- vided historical perspective on theof a Millennium Leadership Projecttable for foundation professionals at this issues under consideration. In particu-that will help promote libraries asyear's Grantmakers in the Arts Confer- lar he noted the acceleration of thecultural centers in all 50 states. The ence in San Francisco to discuss the ben- trends toward industry consolidationCenter for the Book in the Library ofefits of supporting literary activity. since a similar conference in 1986,Congress and other organizations will It also is updating the NEA's 1989 study, "Book Distribution and Literary Pub-join ALA in sponsoring "Live at the Who Reads Literature? Finally, the NEA lishing," sponsored by the Center forLibrary 2000: Linking Libraries, Com-will become, along with the Center for the Book and NEA's Literature Pro-munities and Culture," a yearlongthe Book, a nonfinancial co-sponsor of gram at the Library of Congress incelebration of the arts. Grants will be the Book Industry Study Group's 1999/ 1986. awarded to 500 libraries, representing2000 Reading Research Study. NEA has recently initiated severalevery state, to develop partnerships projects aimed at providing literatureand host programs during NationalMr. Cole is director of the Center for the with a broader audience, additionalLibrary Week, April 9-15, and through- Book.

Maps Mrs. Howard Ahmanson of the Charles Desnos's Nle. Carte d'Amerique continued from page 247 Madison Council also purchased Atlas Septrentrionale et Meridionale ..., pro- General de la Chine, De La Tartarieduced in Paris in 1781 as an engraved, Library's collection and the only Chinoise, et Du Tibet, by J.B. D'Anville,hand-colored wall map on four sheets known wooden Islamic globe cur-published in Paris by J.A. Dezauchejoined with attached borders and mea- rently held in the United States. around 1790. It includes 50 numberedsuring 45 by 42 inches. maps and Plans, An atlas of note acquired during the eight of whichyear includes Petrovich Fedor Litke's were not in theAtlas du Voyage autour de Monde de la 1737 edition of Corvette Seniavine fait en 1826, 1827, the atlas, and 141828 et 1829 ... published in St. Peters- plates of cultur-burg in 1832, which illustrates the al and ethno-1826-1829 circumnavigation and ex-

1)refre'r fur le, A1.131.in, On.uct vw,e1 ailitletse graphic interestploration of the North Pacific (Bering that were alsoSea) and Caroline Islands under the not part of the command of P.F. Litke. earlier edition. TheMadison Ms. Mangan is head of the Technical Council's Ray Services Section in the Geography Nasher pur- and Map Division. Mr. Flatness is a chasedLouis cartographic specialist in the division.

An enlargement of the cartouche from the 45-by- 42-inch wall map Nle. Carte d'Amerique Septrentrionale et Meridionale ..., 1781, by Louis Neshan Naltchayan Charles Desnos of Paris

OCTOBER 1999 249 260

1. ; I- 0 , I- 4 '...... A

,., Y4(04 4.,..0 News from the Center for the Book Library and Book History Update

Idaho Book History and Book Julienne Krasnoff. The award will sup- Arts. Since its creation in 1994, the port a Library of Congress oral history Idaho Center for the Book has focused project in which selected staff mem- on book arts and the history of books, bers, most of them recently retired, are printing and authorship in Idaho. being interviewed about their experi- Its literary map of Idaho, "Idaho ences at the Library. by the Book," is in the shape of Lynne Hammette of the Facility De- a " tetrategraflexagon," a specially sign and Construction Office is work- molded design in which users flex ing on a project to preserve and dis- the map to view three different pages. play Library of Congress artifacts and This imaginative map is included in early furniture. Many of the items, in- the new Library of Congress book IDAHO cluding a restored oil portrait of Language of the Land (see below). Ainsworth Rand Spofford, Librarian Another project,according to CENTER of Congress 1864-1897, will be dis- Idaho Center for the Book Director played in the Librarian's ceremonial Tom Trusky, is to make self-taught FOR THE office in the Jefferson Building. With Idaho artist and book maker James help from library historian Jane Aikin, Castle and his books "household BOOK Center for the Book Director John Y. names and belongings," at least in Cole is organizing and editing an En- Idaho. Toward this end, the Idaho cyclopedia of the Library of Congress, a center is publishing six Castle fac- one-volume reference work that will simile books and a book about CastleAIGA gallery in New York City.outline the history of many of the and is also producing a film aboutIt opens on March 29 and continuesLibrary's collections, services and ad- him. The Idaho Center for the Bookuntil May 12, when it becomes avail-ministrative units. It will be published and the AmericanInstituteofable for rental as a traveling exhibi-in 2001. Graphic Arts (AIGA) are sponsoringtion. For information about the Idaho an exhibition, "Reputedly Illiterate:Center for the Book, visit its Web site James Castle & the Book" in theat www.lili.org/icb or write Idaho Center for the Book, Boise

State University, 1910 Univer- T sity Drive, Boise, ID 83725. Its newsletter is published twice a year. Library History Projects (99 9 Planned for Bicentennial. The George Washington's Legacy. Center for the Book is assistingAt the Library on Nov. 19 and 20, the in several projects about the his-Center for the Book will cosponsor, tory of the Library of Congresswith the Mount Vernon Ladies' Asso- that have been inspired by itsciation, the Third Annual George forthcoming bicentennial. In theWashington Symposium. The meeting spring, Yale University Press, inculminates a year of special exhibi- association with the Library, willtions, publications and conferences or- publish an illustrated historyganized to mark the 200th anniversary entitled America's Library: Theof Washington's death. In addition to Story of the Library of Congress,presentations from historians that ana- 1800-2000. The author is Jameslyze Washington's lasting effect on Conaway, whose previousAmerican life and culture, symposium books include The Smithsonian: speakers will focus on new ways of 150 Years of Adventure, Discov- educating people about the nation's ery and Wonder (1995). first president. Library of Congress cu- JosephusNelsonoftherators will introduce participants to Chuck Scheer Library's Manuscript Division the Library's Washington and Wash- "Idaho by the Book" is one of nine new received a $10,000 James H.ington-related collections, including literary maps produced by state centers Billington award from a giftbooks, manuscripts, maps and sur- for the book included in the popular newfund established by Madisonveys. There will be a special presenta- volume, Language of the Land. Council members Abe and tion about the Library's digitization of

250 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN

2 °61 z 4 bas Washington's papers and As editors of the book Print maps,aprogram about Culture in a Diverse America "Washington on Film" and a (University of Illinois Press, tour of the exhibition "John 1998), James Danky of the State Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Historical Society of Wisconsin, Centuries of British-American and Wayne A. Wiegand of the Relations," which opens Nov. School of Library and Informa- 18. For further information, tion Studies at the University of contact the office of the direc- Wisconsin-Madison, have won tor, Mount Vernon, telephone the 1999 Carey McWilliams (703) 799-8652. Award for an outstanding Book Historians Meet in scholarly or literary work on an Madison. On July 15-18 in aspect of the "U.S. experience Madison, Wis., more than 200 of cultural diversity." Print Cul- academics, librarians and stu- ture in a Diverse America con- dents of book history partici- tains essays originally pre- pated in the 1999 conference of sented at a 1995 conference the Society for the History of sponsored by the Center for the Authorship, Reading and Pub- History of Print Culture in lishing (SHARP). The meeting Modern America at the Univer- was hosted by the University of sity of Wisconsin (see LC Infor- Wisconsin's Center for the His- mationBulletin,September tory of Print Culture in Modern 1998). The Center for the Book America. Sessions were held at provided partial support for the University of Wisconsin's the conference. The book is School of Library and Informa- Gutenberg Anniversary dedicated to John Cole. tion Studies and at the nearby A lecture by Mr. Wiegand State Historical Society of Wis- SHARP Conference 2000 sponsored at the Library of Con- consin. The program consisted gress by the Center for the Book of 50 panel sessions and round 3-8 July 2000 in Mainz, Germany and the American Studies Asso- tables, and featured 88 papers ciation on Oct. 31, 1997, was and presentations on subjects published in the January 1999 ranging from 16th century theories ofwww.uni-mainz.de/FB/Geschichete/issue of The Library Quarterly. The title intellectual property to the modernbuwi or e-mail [email protected]. is "Tunnel Vision and Blind Spots: What lesbian and gay publishing industry. For information about SHARP, visit itsthe Past Tells Us About the Present; The featured speakers at plenaryWeb site at www.indiana.edu/-sharpReflections on the Twentieth Century sessions were Nicolas Kane llos,or contact membership secretary Bar-History of American Librarianship." founder and director of Arte Publicobara Brannon, Wesleyan College, 4760 Copies of Capital Libraries and Li- Press, a leading U.S. Hispanic liter-Forsyth Road, Macon, GA 31210-4462,brarians: A Brief History of the District ary publisher, and Janice A. Radway,telephone (912) 757-5134, fax: (912) of Columbia Library Association, 1894- a professor at Duke University, 757-5104. 1994 (Library of Congress, 1994), an whose most recent book is A Feeling Publications. Two recent Libraryillustrated 76-page book, are available for Books: The Book-of-the-Month Club, of Congress publications are basedfree from the Center for the Book, Li- Literary Taste and Middle Class Desireon Center for the Book projects thatbrary of Congress, 101 Independence (University of North Carolina Press,were funded in part through private Ave. S.E., Washington, DC 20540-4920, 1997). John Y. Cole representedsector contributions to the center.telephone (202) 707-5221, fax: (202) the Library of Congress at the Madi- Thomas Jefferson and the Education of a 707-0269, e-mail: [email protected] son meeting. On July 15, withCitizen, edited by James Gilreath, Ian Willison of the University of(see LC Information Bulletin, July London, he chaired an informal1999) contains papers presented at a roundup of history of the bookconference held at the Library of projects around the world. On JulyCongress on May 13-15, 1993. The 18 he chaired a panel session onLibrary's James Madison Council "World War II Reading: The Victoryhelped support the meeting. Lan- Book Campaign, Radio Networksguage of the Land: The Library of Con- and Pulp Magazines." gress Book of Literary Maps, by Martha The eighth annual SHARP confer-Hopkins and Michael Buscher, (see ence will be in Mainz, Germany, JulyLC Information Bulletin, September 3-8, 2000, under the auspices of the1999) culminates an education and Gutenberg Institute for the History ofreading promotion project funded by the Book at the Johannes Gutenberga 1992 grant of $503,000 to the Center University of Mainz. For informationfor the Book from the Lila Wallace visit the conference Web site atReader's Digest Fund.

OCTOBER 1999 251 262 THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF PUBLIC AVE. S.E. AFFAIRS POSTAGE & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS LIBRARY OF CONGRESSWASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 DATED MATERIAL ) INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN thisIf you publication wish to be check removed here from the mailing list for ISSN 0041-7904 and return this page addressto the above label address. and return. If change is required enter on 4-194EricCIJE0220308SyracuseSyracuse Clearinghouse CenterCoordinator Univ for Sci NY 13244-4100 on Info /Tech & Tech 005 2.63 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 264 Monica Joan REAM' OF CONGRESS BICENTENNIAL Monica The LIBRARY of CONGRESS ORYX inf LI BRA RI ES CR EATI VIII' LI BERT Y

Vol. 58, No. 11 November 1999

John Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of British-American Relations LIBRARY OF CONGRESS BICENTENNIAL InformationThe LIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin LIBRARIES CREATIVITY LIBERTY JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 11 November 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Artwork from "Let's Get Together," Geoffrey O'Hara, words by John W. Bratton. Sheet music cover (ca. 1940), written before the United States became involved in World War II. From the new exhibition, "John Bull and Uncle Sam." Cover Story:The Library of Congress and the British Library have jointly produced a new exhibition opening Nov. 18 at the Library of Congress: "John Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of British-American Relations." 266 The Son Also Rises:The Library has received a private collection of materials relating to,Ernest Hemingway by biographer A.E. Hotchner and the author's son, John Hemingway. 255 Bicentennial Postage:The design for the Library's Bicentennial 256commemorative stamp was unveiled Oct. 14. 256 Web TV:Segments from C-SPAN's "American Presidents: Life Portraits" series are available on the Library's Web site. 256 "It'sAbout Time":Disney CEO Michael Eisner was interviewed at the Library Oct. 5. 257 Money Matters:On Sept. 29, President Clinton signed the Library's fiscal 2000 budget. 258 Web-Braille:Braille readers can now read books on the Internet. 259 A Million Records:The Cataloging in Publication program 261 recently logged its 1 millionth record. 259 Gifts from Italy:The Library has received a gift of 400 recently published fine Italian books. 261 Cultural Time Capsule:The fruits of the Library's Bicentennial '0,4sT) Local Legacies program are beginning to ripen. 262 LD FIDDLER S Li NIO2 14s Bicentennial Background:Throughout its history, the Library of Congress has celebrated "the life of the mind." 264 Loving Books:Author Ronald Shwartz discussed For the Love of Books at the Library Sept. 29. 274 Gifts of Genealogy:A chapter of the Daughters of the American 262Revolution has donated several books to the Library. 277 News from the Center for the Book 278

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov / today. rrt Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 273 JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer

llC- is Papa Hemingway Major Hemingway Collection Donated to Library

The Library on Oct. 27 announced healthy Hemingway (1950s) fishing the donation of a major private for marlin from his favorite boat, collection of original manuscripts, Pilar, driving through Cuba, talking letters, photographs, recordings and with wife Mary in front of their home films of Ernest Hemingway. there (Finca Vigia, San Francisco De The collection was donated by A.E. Paula), playing with Black Dog, and Hotchner, author of the memoir Papa kissing some of his beloved cats. Hemingway. John Hemingway, the There is also a brief view of the older author's eldest son, also presented Hemingways near a snowy home, to the Library the "first copy" of his probably in Ketchum, Idaho. father's first book, Three Stories and Dr. Billington said of the donation, Ten Poems (Paris, 1923), which is "This personal collection provides an inscribed to his mother, Hadley, intimate insight into the life and Hemingway's first wife. mind of one of the 20th century's The Hotchner collection includes great literary figures. The Library of seven unpublished letters from Congress is deeply grateful to Mr. Hemingway (1899-1961) to Mr. Hotchner for his generous gift. Next Hotchner, typed and handwritten on year the Library will celebrate its thin paper, mostly from Cuba, with the 200th birthday and its role in pre- handsome red Hemingway letterhead serving the mint record of American from his Finca Vigia (farm) near creativity. It is particularly appropri- Havana. Photocopies of approxi- ate to have these materials about one mately 150 other letters showing the of the great creative Americans of

1948-1961 correspondence between A.E. Hotchne our time in this centennial year of Hemingway and Mr. Hotchner also Ernest Hemingway, 1950 Hemingway's birth. This is a very are included in the collection. Other special Bicentennial gift to the na- papers donated include two different tional collection and to the nation." drafts of Hemingway's last work, Thefight. Also included are pictures of A.E. Hotchner was a close friend of Dangerous Summer (published in 1985)Hemingway and his fourth and lastthe Hemingways during the last 14 in typescript and a photocopy of thewife, Mary. years of the novelist's life. As a manuscript of "The Sea" (published As much as he liked to write let-young writer, in the spring of 1948, posthumously by Mary Hemingwayters, Hemingway hated to record hishe went to Cuba on a magazine as- with different editing as Islands in thevoice or image, making the audio-signment to persuade Hemingway to Stream) showing the author's originalvisual gifts in the collection quitewrite an article on the future of litera- rewrites on a work he did not wantrare. Magnetic tapes reveal Heming-ture. That meeting led to a series published. There are also typescriptsway talking about writing in Spainof adventures and travels with the and copies of several short poems andduring its civil war, about his hotelauthor, which are described in six unpublished articles and stories.being hit with shells, about rollingHotchner's Papa Hemingway. In be- Hemingway recites one of the poems,his writing up in the mattress to pro-tween their escapades together in "To Mary," on a sound recording in thetect it during the day. Fifteen spoolsNew York City, Ketchum, Cuba, collection. of wire recordings (popular in theMexico, Gibraltar, Africa and all over Some 300 photographs document1940s-1950s) of Hemingway's voiceEurope, the two corresponded. Mr. Mr. Hotchner's friendship and trav-are also included in the donation. TheHotchner has described Heming- els with Hemingway. Some illustratewire recordings look like spools of sil-way's letters as "informal, intimate their trip revisiting locales and per-ver fishing wire, but have magnetizedand revelatory." They "throb with sonalities involved in For Whom thesound. One box is labeled "for menalife force that was singularly BellTolls. Many are portraits ofonly." They are said to include a recita-Hemingway's, and they offer an Hemingway, such as the original, tion of his Nobel Prize speech (whichinsight into his special world." signed image for his high schoolhe did not deliver in Sweden) and Novelist and dramatist A.E. Hotch- yearbook and a portrait popularizedreadings of newly written works. Mr.ner, 79, adapted some of Heming- in Life magazine. There are picturesHotchner recalls that one reel hasway's works for television. He and of the two friends hunting together,Hemingway saying, "And here's whatactor Paul Newman are partners in as well as one of Mr. HotchnerI wrote this morning." "Newman's Own" food products, dressed as a matador when Heming- Home movies, which were onwhose net profits are donated to way, as a prank, coerced him into ac-three reels of silent, color 16mm mo-charities. He recently directed a charity tually participating in a major bull-tion picture film, show a handsome, continued on page 258

NOVEMBER 1999 267 255 BICENTENNIALCORNER Commemorative Issue Bicentennial Stamp Design Unveiled L 1 B BABY OF CONGRESS 1800-2000 The design for the Library of Con-nation's 2000 stamp program," said gress Bicentennial commemora-Dr. Billington. tive stamp was unveiled on Oct. 14 by The Library's Bicentennial com- the United States Postal Service. memorative stamp was selected for "All of us at the Library of Congressinclusion in the 2000 stamp program are pleased that our 200th birthdayfrom more than 40,000 suggestions will be commemorated as part of thefor stamps received by the Citizens' Stamp Advisory -Ls/- a 0009 Committee, o "g group of independent citizens appointed by thePostmaster General.Ethel +tn. Kessler, known

V for her work as the designer of the breast cancer A stamp, designed the Library's stamp, which features a photograph by Michael Free- man of the interior dome and several of the arched Jim Higgins windows in the Main Reading Room in the 1897 Thomas Director of Congressional Relations Geraldine Jefferson Building. Otremba; John Cole, director of the Center for the Book; The stamp will be issued on the Library's Bicentennial Deputy Librarian Donald Scott; Ethel Kessler, the date, April 24, 2000, during a ceremony to be held in the stamp's designer; Dr. Billington, Chief of Staff Jo Ann Jefferson Building in Washington, D.C. Second-day issue Jenkins; Roberta Stevens, Bicentennial program man- events are planned in libraries throughout the nation in ager; and Public Affairs Officer Jill Brett stand on the keeping with the Library's goal of celebrating America's balcony of the Main Reading Room, whose dome islibraries during its Bicentennial year with a theme of seen in the Library of Congress commemorative stamp. "Libraries, Creativity, Liberty."

Watch It on the Web C-SPAN `American Presidents'Video on Library Site 7 he Library has made available on able through the Library's Web site. 1 its Web site a series of video seg- New segments will go on-line at ments from "American Presidents: LifeAMERICAN www.loc.gov/loc/cyberlc as they are Portraits," produced by the C-SPAN produced and aired by C-SPAN. public service cable network. In November, Dr. Billington will lead From the launch of "American Presi-PRESIDENTS C-SPAN on a tour of the stacks of the dents: Life Portraits" on March 15, 1999, I 1 Library's Manuscript Division. This is a C-SPAN has relied on the Library of 1 I rare opportunity to see original presi- Congress for guest experts and docu- Life Portraits dential letters, diaries, speeches and mentary materials. The series includes other official docume'rits. Phone lines interviews with Library curators andson, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, will be open for viewers to talk with the makes extensive use of the Library'sWilliam Henry Harrison, John Tyler,Librarian and his team of presidential manuscript collections, which includeJames Polk, Millard Filmore, Jamesexperts. For more information on this the papers of 23 presidents. Garfield, Chester Arthur, Benjaminspecial program, see the Library's regu- Video segments on George Wash-Harrison, William McKinley andlarly updated Web site, "The Library ington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madi-Woodrow Wilson are currently avail- Today," at www.loc.gov/today.

256 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 263 CEO of the Happiest Placeon Earth Michael Eisner Interviewed for Posterity

BY KATHLEEN CASSEDY Eisner still recalls the words Michael Eisner, chairman IP of his former headmaster, and CEO of the Walt "'No matter what you do, do Disney Co., never saw a it the best that you can. An- Disney film until he was a other of his teachers inspired grown man. the Disney film "Dead Poets Yet, for the past 15 years, Society," produced under he has guided one of 4 Mr. Eisner's auspices. America's most cherished in- When he was with ABC, stitutions into becoming one Mr. Eisner wanted to make a of the most profitable media TV comedy set in the 1950s. companies in the world. As However, market research the first guest in a series of told TV executives it would conversations with Parade never be successful. Mean- magazine Editor Walter while, both the 1950s musical Anderson, Mr. Eisner shared Grease and the film "Ameri- his own defining experiences Fisher Photography can Graffiti," became big hits. and how they have influ-Parade Editor Walter Anderson interviewed DisneyMr. Eisner persisted with his enced his career. CEO Michael Eisner at the Library Oct. 5. idea and eventually the TV Dr. Billington, who intro- show, "Happy Days," was duced the Oct. 5 program, noted thatfather, did Mr. Eisner see his firstproduced and became a huge success. the Library contains a comprehensiveDisney film, "Pinocchio," with his son. "Most cultural phenomena in the record of the creative achievement of the (At the time, he was running children's entertainment business, like [the tele- Disney Co., beginning with the originalprogramming at the ABC network.)vision show] 'Seinfeld,' really are dif- copyright drawing for Mickey Mouse. As a college student, Mr. Eisner's predi- ferent, and they come out of left field," The interview was part of a series,lection for producing entertainment Mr. Eisner said. "It's About Time," which was devel-appeared in the form of plays for a his- Mr. Eisner believes in hands-on oped by Mr. Anderson and supportedtory thesis and other assignments. Anmanagement. "I think the more inby the Library of Congress. The goal isinternship at NBC led Mr. Eisner to seekvolved the CEO, the better." The chal- to create a record that will give viewersa career in television. He went fromlenge and enjoyment of running in the future a sense of America at theNBC to CBS to ABC, then to Paramount Disney, he said, is that the company is turn of the millennium, which will bePictures Corp. as its president and chiefworking on 10 different products in preserved and made available by theoperating officer, and finally to Disney, one week, rather than reinventing the Library. The series was launched onwhich acquired Capital Cities /ABCsame product each year. May 4 at the New School University in Inc. under his guidance. While Mr. Eisner is excited about the New York City with Nobel Laureate Rather than relying on market re-entertainment possibilities that the Elie Wiesel. Subsequent intervieweessearch, many Disney products origi-Internet and evolving technology offer, have included former U.S. Sen. Billnate from Mr. Eisner's personal expe-he had some words of advice for over- Bradley and Marian Wright-Edelman,riences. "I think you have to have avalued Internet companies, some of president of the Children's Defensephysical reaction, and feel it in yourwhich have yet to make a profit. "At Fund. Additional interviews withstomach," he says. For example, aftersome point, the strength of the Internet major government leaders are now be- enjoying a concert of music by Gustavis going to be beyond information," he ing scheduled for next spring. Mahler, which he felt was "Disney-said. Disney is "not an Internet upstart. Mr. Anderson's questions exploredesque," he thought Disney should...The company is not going to make Mr. Eisner's childhood influences, cre-produce something similar for 2000.acquisitions and become overpriced. ative development and leadershipThe result was Disney's MillenniumYou have to be creative within a finan- throughout his career. Mr. Eisner, 57,Symphonies, which premiered in Newcial environment. If you are not finan- grew up in New York City, where his York City in early October. cially strong, you will be replaced and affluent childhood, was "relatively Mr. Eisner's school experiencesthen you can't do any creative work." normal," he said, except that he wasdeeply affected him. Because he be- Mr. Eisner admits that "I've been in required to spend twice as much timelieves that teachers are the most influ-the right place at the right time. In the reading as watching television. Disneyential people for some children, heend, it is content and storytelling that film classics, such as "Cinderella" orinitiated Disney's American Teacherdrive everything in my world." "Snow White," were not part of hisAwards. "It came about to honor youth, as they were for others of histeachers the same way we honor poli- Kathleen Cassedy is a Washington free- generation. Not until he became a newticians and entertainers," he said. Mr. lance writer. NOVEMBER 1999 26g 257 tr 0

z Funding the Future Congress Approves Library's FY2000 Budget

BY CHRISTINA TYLER Library originally requested. collections into school curricula and On Sept. 29, President Clinton The Library Services section of$600,000 for a project to digitize archi- signed into law the fiscal 2000the Library received a $290,000 in-val materials relating to ethnic groups appropriations bill for the legislative crease for the Audio-Visual Conserva-of California, including Japanese branch, which includes the Library oftion Center in Culpeper, Va. The LawAmericans. Congress. Library will receive $188,250 for ar- Of the $5.4 million approved for A congressional conference commit-rearage (backlog) processing. furniture and furnishings, the Madi- tee approved the budget on sonBuilding'saccelerated Aug. 4. The following day, the furniture replacement program House approved the confer- received $900,000. An addi- ence report (H.R. 106-290) in tional $308,000 was authorized a 367-49 vote. The Senate also for installation assistance out of approved by unanimous con- unspecified savings. sent the same day. While conferees applaud- Congress approved ed the Architect of the Capitol $385,946,000 in net appropria- (AOC) for starting a Life Safety tions, an increase in net appro- Program Division to address priations of 4.8 percent, or $16.7 workplace safety, fire protec- million, over that of the previ- Irf inittrol tion and environmental con- ous year. -cerns, the report addressed the Congress approved the five citations issued by the Of- Library's request for manda- fice of Compliance. Noting the tory pay raises of 4.4 percent. life-safety violations discov- However, the actual pay raise ered following an April 30 fire may be 4.8 percent. To fund the in the Madison Building, the difference, the Library will not report said, "The conferees be- be able to fill 12 positions in the lieve that the Architect must next fiscal year, Financial Ser- consider the physical safety of vices Director John D. Webster Leg] Iilefti:INL.1.-ot.: the thousands who visit and s. 414120,31VaRIMIIIV-11111111 said. Congress also authorized, rtf.F,11 - work in the Capitol complex as without additional funding, d' one of his highest priorities." a $21-a-month transit fare sub- The conference committee sidy an incentive for staff to use In automation, the Information members directed the AOC to provide public transportation to and fromTechnology Services area of the Li-within a month a plan detailing all ac- work. The transit-fare plan, as autho-brary received full funding of $3.3 mil- tivities undertaken to abate the viola- rized by the federal Employees Cleanlion for its requests, including for antions and prevent their recurrence in Air Incentive Act of 1993, is compa-upgraded digital switch, initial workthe Madison Building or elsewhere in rable to that used by House employ-toward a financial system replace-the Library. The AOC must also pro- ees. Library employees will receive thement, disaster recovery and security,vide a reasonable plan, including same amount of transit fare. To fundUNIX servers and storage. completion dates, to correct hazards this new staff benefit, the Library will The House and Senate confereesand deficiencies. not be able to fill 11 positions, Mr.also approved $5,579,000 for teaching Webster said. educators how to incorporate the Ms. Tyler is assistant editor of The The Congressional Research Ser-Library's digital American MemoryGazette, the Library's staff newspaper. vice will receive $71,244,000, which includes full funding for its succession Hemingway After processing, access to the col- program of $559,052. Library Services continued from page 255 lection for research is to be unre- will receive $505,000 for its succession stricted, but single copy reproduc- plan 50 percent of the request. show with Robin Williams andtions require the donor's permission. Except for price-level adjust- other major stars that raised fundsThe materials described above will ments, the Copyright Office and the for children with cancer. Among Mr. be in the custody of the following National Library Service for the Blind Hotchner's published works aredivisions of the Library: Manuscript; and Physically Handicapped (NLS) re- novels (The Man Who Lived at the Ritz Prints and Photographs; Motion ceived their full budgets. The Copy- and Louisiana Purchase) and a mem- Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded right Office was approved for $37.6 oir, King of the Hill, which was made Sound; and Rare Book and Special million, and NLS received $48 million, into an award-winning film in 1993. Collections. which was $49,000 less than what the 258 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 270 * 0

Web-Braille New Internet Service for Visually Impaired

raille readers can now read booksindividuals, libraries and schoolsBraille for its users. BL on the Internet, thanks to a his-with a computer and a braille-output "This is the first massive effort in- torictechnological breakthroughdevice. About 40 new titles perternationally to make braille book by the Library of Congress calledmonth are released in braille and im-collectionsaccessibleon the Web-Braille. mediately available on-line to users. Internet," says Frank Kurt Cylke, Web-Braille offers access to more "It occurred to us several years agoDirector of NLS. "This achievement than 2,700 electronic braille books onthat the computer files used to em-reflects the Library of Congress's the Internet for the use of eligibleboss braille books on paper might becommitment to make its collections braille readers by the Library's Na-able to be placed on-line for Internetmore usable and accessible to eli- tional Library Service for the Blindaccess," said Judith Dixon, consumergible users. It also reflects the first and Physically Handicapped (NLS).relations officer at the Library ofinitiative by NLS to distribute its Each year many hundreds of newCongress. After a pilot project to de-collections of books and magazines titles will be added. termine that the Web-Braille conceptin digital formats to its borrowers. Braille, a system of raised dots thatwould work, NLS began placing cur-NLS is also developing a digital is read with the fingers, has histori-rent book titles on the Internet. talking book for its users, continu- cally been embossed on paper. The Library users of the national read-ing its historic national leadership in system was invented by Louis Brailleing program for blind and physicallycreating new recorded and braille of France in the early 1800s. As a re-handicappedindividualsaccessproducts for America's blind and sult of new computer technology,Web-Braille on the Internet using anphysically handicapped individu- braille readers may now access Web-individual user ID and password.als," he said. Braille digital braille book files withWeb-Braille materials can be made For further information contact: a computer and a refreshable brailleavailable only to eligible users whoRobert E. Fistick, Head, Publications display (electronic device that raisesare residents of the United States orand Media Section, National Library or lowers an array of pins to create aAmerican citizens living abroad. Service for the Blind and Physically line of braille characters) or a braille The Library also produces brailleHandicapped, Library of Congress, embosser. These 2,700 braille bookversions of many national magazines1291 Taylor St. N.W., Washington, titles are available on the Internet forand is now exploring the feasibilityDC 20542; telephone: (202) 707-9279; download or on-line use by eligibleof adding these magazines to Web-e-mail: [email protected].

Cataloging Milestone Library Produces 1 Millionth CIP Record

The number of cataloging recordsquality cataloging for books in highrecord for the title according to the available to the nation's librariesdemand, and doing so before the booksame standards used for cataloging through the Cataloging in Publicationis published, we save the library com-of published materials, and the com- (CIP) program recently passed themunity worldwide an incalculablepleted cataloging data are mailed to 1 million mark. Write It Down, Make Itamount of money annually. Even morethe publisher so that it can be printed Happen: A Practical and Inspirationalimportant than the money is the accessin the published book. Upon publica- Guide to Identifying What You Wantto the nation's knowledge and creativ-tion of the book, the publisher sub- and Getting It by Henriette Anneity that CIP cataloging provides." mits a copy to the Cataloging in Pub- Klauser, scheduled for publication The United States CIP Programlication Division to ensure that the by Scribner in January 2000, was thewas established in the Library ofdata in the catalog record match the 1 millionth record to be created sinceCongress Cataloging Directorate inbook as published. the program began in 1971. 1971. More than 4,000 United States The Library cataloged 51,792 titles "CIP records support not only thepublishers and affiliates submit ap-last year through the CIP Program. 115,000 libraries in the United Statesplications for CIP data, along with aThe Library's Cataloging Distribu- but libraries all over the world notgalley or book excerpts prior to pub-tion Service makes these catalog to speak of the U.S. book industry,"lication of a title. CIP division staff,records available as part of its MARC said Cataloging in Publication Divi-catalogers, technicians and DeweyDistribution Service to library ser- sion Chief John Celli. "By creating topDecimal classifiers create a catalogvice vendors worldwide.

NOVEMBER 1999 27i 259 O

*4 n Wartime Christmas 1-otnefor New Publication Available 061Qtlinas T 11 Be Home for Christmas: The Library of Congress Revisits the Spirit of 1Christmas During World War II has recently been published by the Library of Congress in cooperation with Delacorte and the Stonesong Press. World War II was one of the key events that shaped the 20th century, leaving an indelible mark on mankind. With a title inspired by the popular 1943 song, "I'll Be Home for Christmas," the book presents stories, correspondence, illustrations, diary excerpts and more than 100 photographs from the Library's vast resources that capture the wartime era during the holiday season. "Although Christmas is a season of peace, across five Christmas seasons many men and women served their country during World War II so that future generations could live in peace," said Dr. Billington in the preface of the text. "Whether these stories are from the papers of Gen. George Patton, a Cl,.. ,11e.11, Si, ;itI ..tin soldier's diary, or our recently acquired collection of memorabilia from enter- 1..1"4 II tainer Bob Hope, you will marvel at how the spirit of Christmas was kept alive during World War II both at war and on the homefront." Gathered within the pages of I'll Be Home for Christmas are the poignant stories of faith and sacrifice, the power of love, patriotism and commitment. In times of war, no matter what the situation or the place, citizens and soldiers tried to re- create as best they could the feelings of Christmas and sentiments of hope for peace on Earth. I'll Be Home for Christmas a 209-page, hardbound book is available for $25 from the Library of Congress Sales Shop. Credit card orders: (202) 707-0204. Roundtable Honors Library Staff Receive Awards T ibrary of Congress staffers Miltonland in 1972. That same year he be-1992-93 and has held most of the LMeGee, Federal Library and In-gan his career as a federal librarianorganization's elected offices. She formation Network (FEDLINK), andas a cataloger in the Department ofalso collated the records of the orga- Shirley Loo, Congressional ResearchTransportation. He joined the Gov-nization, and compiled the first FLRT Service, were honored with awardsernment Printing Office in 1975 asHandbook as well as a history of the from the American Library Associa-chief of the Classification and Cata-FLRT /ALA Awards. As past presi- tion (ALA) Federal Librarians Roundloging Branch of the Library Divi-dent of the District of Columbia Table (FLRT). The awards were pre-sion in the Office of the Superinten-Library Association and the Library sented at the ALA Annual Confer-dent of Documents, a position heof Congress Professional Associa- ence in June in New Orleans. held until joining the Library oftion, her professional ties are a vital Mr. Me Gee, FEDLINK's NetworkCongress in 1977. During his tenurelink between FLRT and the general Coordinator, received the FLRTat the Library, he has helped to de-information community. Achievement Award, a citation andvelop FEDLINK from a network of A native of Hawaii, Ms. Loo gift awarded for leadership and65 federal libraries using the OCLCearned a master's in library science achievement in the federal librarysubsystems into a network of 800from Columbia University in 1967. and information center community.OCLC libraries and others that pro-That same year she joined the Presented annually, the award recog-cure $110 million annually in infor-Library of Congress, where she has nizes individuals who promote themation services. held a variety of positions in the most efficient use of federal library Ms. Loo received the FLRT Dis-CongressionalResearchService. and information resources and facili-tinguished Service Award for herCurrently a specialist in information ties and who stimulate researchsignificant contributions to FLRT ascontrol and automated systems, she in planning and operating federalan officer, historiographer and pro-began her library career at a time libraries and information activities. moter of federal libraries. She is thewhen the Library of Congress first After completing the Navy's pre-third recipient of this award that wasbegan exploring the use of computer flight school in Pensacola, Fla., andfirst presented in 1995 to recognizetechnology. Throughout her tenure, serving in Vietnam, Mr. Me Geethe outstanding, innovative or sus-she has served the reference needs of earned a master's degree in librarytained contributions to the organiza-Congress using the latest technolo- science from the University of Mary-tion. She served as FLRT president ingies in information management.

260 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN

'1 292 a a o - \5" --- -- The Bounty of Italy Library Receives Gift of Italian Volumes

BY CAROL ARMBRUSTER A gift of 400 recently published fine Italian books came to the Library on Oct. 18. The 400 books comprised the Italian Book Exhibit, organized for the 24th annual convention of the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF), held in Washington on Oct. 15-17. The annual NIAF convention organizes exhibits to examine Italian issues and promote Italian culture both within the Italian American community and to a wider American public. This was the first year it included a book exhibit. The exhibit was organized by the nonprofit Center for the Promotion of Italian Books, based in Rome and headed by Giovanni Cipriani. Richard Higgins, NIAF's director for interna- N. Alicia Byers tional relations, arranged for the books The Panini facsimile of the Bible of Borso d'Este; Donald Panzera, to be part of the NIAF convention and to be then transferred to the Library.chief of the European and Latin American Acquisitions Office, offi- The gift was initiated by this writer, a cially accepts the gifts to the Library from Franco Cosimo Panini, specialist in the European Division. Francesco Sicilia and Giovanni Cipriani. The Center for the Promotion of Ital- ian Books collected volumes published and donated by Italian state sources such as the Italian Cultural Ministry, RAI-ERA of RAI-Radio and Televis- ione Italiana, as well as regional governments, cultural and local institutions and commercial publishers throughout the country. The donation recognized the various regional heritages of Italian Americans and celebrated the quality ( and wide range of contemporary Italian publishing in art, history, literature, music and the social sciences. Franco Cosimo Panini, the largest single donor, personally presented to the Library a copy of the stunning facsimile of the Bible of Borso d'Este, produced by his publishing house, Franco N. Alicia Byers Cosimo Panini Editore, in Modena.and is bound in two volumes. Mr.present the gift to the Library and to The facsimile, eight years in produc-Panini's gift to the Library followsexpress interest in cooperative projects tion, is the result of the most advancedonly two other gifts of this Bible, onebetween Italian libraries and the techniques of photoreproduction andto Pope John Paul II and one to the Library of Congress. the highest quality of Italian bookpresident of Italy. In addition to the "The Library acknowledges the craftsmanship. The original manu-Bible, Mr. Panini gave the Library agenerous donation onbehalf of all the script Bible, created between 1455 andfull set of his silk-bound series onItalian publishers, cultural and local 1461, is held by the Estense LibraryItalian art, Mirabilia Italiae. institutions, and the Ministry of Cul- in Modena. One of Italy's most exem- On Oct. 15, Francesco Sicilia, direc-ture," said Dr. Billington, who had met plary works of Renaissance illumina-tor general of the Italian Culturalwith a number of Italian library offi- tion, the Bible consists of 1,212 pagesMinistry's Central Office for Librarycials while in Rome in May 1997. elaborately decorated front and back,Assets, Cultural Institutions and Pub- Mr. Sicilia was accompanied by includes more than 5,000 miniatureslishing, met with Dr. Billington to continued on page 275 NOVEMBER 1999 261 273 i. 1 * *c C.?) Eire/ 1,0

k:11.;11: OLD FIDDLER S REUNION 11, ow'Nom S, ....t1,1,01.49

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Bernie Schmitt, Vincennes (Ind )Sun-Commercial Judges Ralph Richards, Sleepy Tompkins and Little Red Hayes at the 68th Annual Texas Old Fiddler'sRe- union and Contest in Athens, Texas; opening ceremonies of the Spirit of Vincennes Rendezvous,an annual Memorial Day weekend event at the George Rogers Clark National Historic Monument in Vincennes, Ind. Capturing Culture Local Legacies Document American Tradition

BY MEG SMITH Taken together, the selected projectschord among the senators and repre- Members of the House and thewill contribute to a "scrapbook" ofsentatives who selected projects. Senate are celebrating theAmerican life,to be permanentlyMembers of Congress are enthusias- Library of Congress's Bicentennialarchived at the Library of Congress intic about the project and have at- in 2000 with nearly 900 birthdayits American Folklife Center. tended Local Legacies events, con- presents. So far, more than 300 members ofducted related news conferences and These members have been work-Congress have selected projects fromissued statements to the media in ing with their constituents to docu-their home states or districts. "We'resupport of the project. ment "Local Legacies," traditionsgenerating a lot of excitement," said For example, among the bluegrass that represent American culture atPeter Seligman, project liaison forpastures and whitewashed fences of the end of the 20th century. Their ef-districts in the East Coast. "PeopleKentucky's horse country, a project forts have resulted in a vast array ofare appreciative of their heritage andsponsored by Rep. Ernest Fletcher projects created by amateurs andeager to share it with the Library.(R-Ky.) aims to photograph the un- professional historians who are com-It encompasses all the positive thingssung employees and farm buildings mitted to preserving the nationalabout patriotism." that form the foundation of America's heritage. The projects were selected The project liaisons offer advice onracehorse industry. by Congress members to be a part ofdesigning the projects and focusing Project coordinators will combine Local Legacies, the Library's premierand narrowing the subjects. They alsophotographs and interviews from the Bicentennial project. encourage participants, in addition togrooms, trainers and barn builders of According to project coordinatorsending a selection of their documen-today with historical images and ar- Peter Bartis, this is a chance fortation to the Library of Congress, to ticles from a local magazine that covers Americans to define their heritagedonate all of the documentation mate-the industry. The final project will cap- for future scholars and historians. rials to their local libraries, to create ature the beauty and traditions behind "These are grassroots projects...record within their communities. an American sports dynasty. representing a cross section of a Some of the material will be In Massachusetts, Rep. Michael community's activities," he said. shared electronically with the nationCapuano (D) is sponsoring a project For the purposes of the project, aand the world through the Nationaldevoted to Fenway Park, the oldest Local Legacy is defined as a traditionalDigital Library Program. A specialmajor league baseball park in the activity, event or area of creativity thatceremony will be held on May 23, country. Interviews with the organist, merits being documented for future2000, for all participants and mem-scoreboard operator, ushers, grounds- generations. Local Legacies might in-bers of Congress to celebrate theirkeepers, peanut vendors, broadcast- clude arts, crafts or customs; signaturegifts to the nation. A complete list ofers, equipment managers and bat boys events such as a rodeo, powwow, auc-the projects currently registered canwill document the club's unique ritu- tion, market-day celebration, parade,be seen at www.loc.gov/bicenten-als, traditions and history and reveal procession or festival; or individualsnial/legacies.html. the continuing importance of baseball performing traditional music or dance Documentaries of the people whoin American life. or working at trades. affect everyday lives have struck a In addition to sports, many projects

262 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 274 1.4ai..hm

r 4

David Taylor David Taylor Deputy Librarian Donald Scott, Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.) and Pearl Fu, project leader for the city of Roanoke's "Local Colors" program; Janet Cercone Scullion discusses the "Pittsburgh Pride: Keeping the Next Generation Here" program with Rep. William Coyne (D-Pa.), Patty Ladasky and Dr. Billington; Keith Kuhn and Kimber Fender of the Public Library of Cincinnati, Rep. Rob Portman (R-Ohio) and Bicentennial Program Manager Roberta Stevens attend Cincinnati's Tall Stacks Celebration, which pays homage to the city's river heritage and the steamboat era. feature another staple of American life:going to add depth and festivals. detail to the collections 4 Sen. Joseph R. Biden (D-Del.) se-in the American Folk- lected a project honoring the Sussexlife Center. Some of the County Return Day, featuring a bipar-projects are document- tisan pageant in which winners anding portions of the local losers in county elections ride togetherculture that are dying in a carriage after election results areaway." announced and participate in a 207 Local Legacies is an year -old ritual in which they literallyunprecedented oppor- bury the hatchet. tunity for the American House Majority Leader Dennispeople to directly con- Hastert (R-Ill.) nominated four pro-tribute material to the jects from his district, including aLibrary'scollections. documentary of the 100th annual"The purpose is to get Sandwich Fair in DeKalb County.as many people as pos- The oldest continuously held fair insible involved in the \. the Midwest occurs after Labor DayLibrary's Bicentennial," Krista Boyle and features an agricultural theme. Mr. Bartis said. become evident to us that one of the Today it is the largest fair in Illinois. The chance to contribute to the his-most important parts of this project West Coast project liaison Evietorical record is the primary motiva-for the participants is that their work McCleaf said, the projects are "reallytion for a lot of the participants. "It'swill be housed in the Library of Con- gress," he said. "Local Legacies showcases the important role of the Library in preserving the nation's Applicants Sought for Gale Research cultural life." Financial Development Award Completed projects are due at the Library of Congress in December. The Gale research Financial Development Award Jury, on which the For information about the Local Library of Congress is representedamong other institutions is seeking Legacies project, including how to applications. This annual award of $2,500 is presented to a library organi- participate, contact the Library's zation exhibiting meritorious achievement in implementing a financial Bicentennial ProgramOfficeat development project that secures new funding for a public or academic (202) 707-2000; toll-free (800) 707- library. For additional information contact the ALA Awards Program, 7145; e-mail [email protected]; Member Programs and Services, 50 E. Huron Street, Chicago IL 60611; or fax (202) 707-7440. e-mail [email protected]; fax (312) 280-3257; telephone (800) 545-2433, ext. 3247. The deadline is Dec. 1, 1999. Ms. Smith is a former intern in the Library's Public Affairs Office.

NOVEMBER 1999 263 275. BEST COPY AVAILABLE *0 S? ' 41\1' * Bicentennial Background The Highlands of the Mind'

BY JOHN Y. COLE by Harvard University Press nextTale (through Sept. 23). The concepts During a news conference onyear, are available on-line throughbehind these exhibitions and many Sept. 14, 1987, the day he wasthe end of this year through "Theof their artifacts will be shared sworn in as the 13th Librarian ofLibrary Today" section of the Library'sthrough publications and on the Congress, Dr. Billington described aWeb site (www.loc.gov/today). Library's Web site (www.loc.gov). goal that has become a one of the un- Other Bicentennial symposia next The NationalDigitalLibrary derlying themes of the Library's Bi-year include: "Informing the Con-(NDL) Program, in cooperation with centennial in 2000: celebrating thegress and the Nation, Feb. 29-Marchother institutions, by the end of 2000 life of the mind. 1; "Democracy and the Rule of Lawwill make available on the Library's Such celebrations, Dr. Billingtonin a Changing World Order," MarchWeb site approximately 5 million noted, were something "that a free6-10; "Poetry in America: Perfor-items of unique American history people needed to do." The Unitedmance and Publication inthematerials. Through its Learning States has the best system of public19th and 20th Centuries," April 3-4;Page, the NDL Program is providing and research libraries in the world."National Libraries of the World:educational resources to teachers, This represents a "tremendous" ac-Interpreting the Past, Shaping thelibrarians and students. complishment that should be cel-Future," Oct. 23-26; "Guarding the The Local Legacies project docu- ebrated, honored and developed, heNation's Heritage: Preservation andments America's grassroots heritage said. (See LC Information Bulletin,Security," Oct. 30-31. in a project cosponsored with the Oct. 26, 1987). The first Bicentennial exhibitionU.S. Congress. Local customs, crafts The Bicentennial theme of "Librar-was "The Work of Charles and Rayand celebrations are being preserved ies, Creativity, Liberty" emphasizesEames: A Legacy of Invention," Mayfor local library and museum collec- the unique role that the Library of Con-20-Sept. 4, 1999. (This traveling exhi-tions, as well as for the national col- gress and all libraries play in preserv-bition is now on view at the Cooper-lections of the Library of Congress. ing the knowledge of the past and inHewitt National Design Museum in The Favorite Poem Project is mak- promoting the exchange of ideas in aNew York until Jan. 9, 2000. For aning audio and visual recordings of free society. The life of the mind is be-overview and complete schedule ofAmericans across the country saying ing celebrated through events thatthis exhibition, visit www.loc.gov/their favorite poems. These record- highlight scholarship and the ex-exhibits/eames/overview.html.) ings will become part of the collec- change of ideas, particularly symposia "John Bull and Uncle Sam: Fourtions of the Library of Congress and and exhibitions, and through educa-Centuries of British-American Rela-other libraries. Other cooperative tional outreach projects that reach intotions" will be on display at the Li-projects with libraries include "Be- every corner of the country. brary from Nov. 17, 1999-March 4,yond Words: Celebrating America's 2000 (see story on page 266). Libraries," a national photography Bicentennial Symposia, Two other Bicentennial exhibitionscontest and future traveling exhibi- Exhibitions and will open on April 24, 2000, the daytion cosponsored with the American Educational Projects of the Library's 200th birthday:Library Association, and second-day "Frontiers of the Mind in the 21st"Thomas Jefferson: Genius of Lib-issue ceremonies at state libraries for Century," the first in a series of Bi-erty" (through Oct. 31), and "Thethe Library's commemorative post- centennial symposia, was heldonWizard of Oz: An American Fairyage stamp, which will be issued on June 15-17. Fifty scholars rep- April 24, 2000. resenting 24 fields of knowl- Further information about these and other Bicenten- edge discussed the most im- ,36 7.0SMOLOGY / 36 1ATHEMATIC6 portant accomplishments in PHYSICS 0 HISTORYnial projects is available on the current century while SOCIETY Y & POLITICthe Library's Bicentennial making some predictions for'OLITICAL PHILOSOPEPWeb site: www.loc.gov/bi- the 21st (see LC Information;ENETICS JROBIOLOG1centennial. Bulletin, July and AugustPSYCHOL0( iOCIOLOGY 1999). One of the largest andRELIGION & A THE STATEScholarly and most ambitious symposia CANONICAL i'HILOSOPHY Educational ever hosted by the Library,kTMOSPHERE RTSCIENCE!Outreach at the Library: the meeting was made pos- SUSTAINABILlk SEMIOTICS Some Milestones sible through the generosityAUSIC ° NA R11,-' E 0 ECONOMIC! The opening of the Jeffer- of the American Academy ofANTH RO P 0 LOG PLITICS ° CITIES son Building on Nov. 1, 1897, Achievement and the Heinz20MPUTER SCIE 1MMUNICATIO1)marked the beginning of the Foundation. The proceed-INTERNATIWK 'kEIGN POLICYLibrary's public role. Called ings, which will be published by many the "The Book

264 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 27 I- .

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,...tr, 2.4,4 ,e', 7;`;:,, 01 1 ,.. ,i These scholarly books Rome Reborn, Creating French Culture, Eyes of the Nation and Art and Architecture of the Thomas Jefferson Building are available in the Library's Sales Shops and in bookstores nationwide.

Palace of the American People," it waswhat he called "the technical appara-organizations, several of the most im- a glorious showplace. Through its art,tus" and in assisting readers in use ofportant scholarly books in its history. architecture and inscriptions it en-the collections. When Putnam retiredEach of these attractive works, based shrined and celebrated the universal-in 1939, the major accolades cameon the Library's exhibitions, collec- ity of knowledge and the life of thefrom the AHA and the Americantions or buildings, has been supported mind. On Nov. 25, 1897, during theCouncil of Learned Societies. by private funds from the Madison Thanksgiving holiday, more than 4,700 Librarian of Congress ArchibaldCouncil or other individuals or organi- visitors toured and admired the newMacLeish (1939-1944) established thezations. Through co-publishing or re- structure. Library's exhibition program in 1942.lated distribution arrangements each Under LibrarianofCongressThe next year he launched theof these "coffee-table" books is avail- Herbert Putnam (1899-1939), theLibrary's Information Bulletin and itsable in bookstores nationwide. Four Library's mission and programs took Quarterly Journal of Current Acquisi- notable examples are: Rome Reborn: The on a new public dimension. Putnamtions. On April 13, 1943, on the occa- Vatican Library and Renaissance Culture nationalized the institution's collec-sion of the dedication of the Thomas(1993), ed. by Anthony Grafton; Creat- tions and services, beginning serviceJefferson Memorial, he hosted and ing French Culture: Treasures from the to other libraries and gathering newchaired in his office what must have Bibliotheque Nationale de France (1995), collections for use by scholars. In De-been one of the first symposia held ated. by Marie-Helene Tesniere and cember 1901, he told the Americanthe Library. The other participantsProsser Gifford; Eyes of the Nation: A Historical Association (AHA) that awere Julian Boyd, librarian of Prince- Visual History of the United States (1997), national library was "a collectionton University; author Van Wycked. by Vincent Virga and curators universal in scope which has a dutyBrooks; Henry Seidel Canby, editorof the Library of Congress; and The to the country as a whole" and thatof the Saturday Review of Literature; Library of Congress: The Art and Archi- its prime duty was to scholarship. AMalcolm Cowley, editor the Newtecture of the Thomas Jefferson Building new publishing effort was part of hisRepublic; Harvard professor Howard(1997), ed. by Henry Hope Reed and plan of sharing the Library's re-Mumford Jones;FiskeKimball,John Y. Cole. sources with the nation. It includeddirector of the Philadelphia Museum Finally, with private funds and printed catalog cards, guides to theof Art; columnist Walter Lippmann;congressional appropriations, the collections, union lists, catalogs andDumas Malone, historian and direc-Library made its bibliographic rec- other specialized publications. Intor of Harvard University Press; theords and items from its American 1904 the Library participated in theLibrary's David C. Mearns; historianhistorical collections available elec- Louisiana Purchase Exposition, orAllan Nevins of Columbia Univer-tronically beginning in 1994. The "World's Fair," in St. Louis. sity; and Wendell Willkie. subsequent rapid development of In the mid-1920s, Putnam began In subsequent decades, educa-the Library's Web site, through obtaining private funding for Li-tional outreach became part of thewhich the institution now freely brary programs. A substantial por-Library's administrative structureshares selected collections, biblio- tion of the new funds supportedthrough the creation of small, spe-graphic data and information about scholarly activity, including "chairs"cialized "centers" within the institu-its services and programs, is perhaps to supplement the salaries of divi-tion, e.g., the Children's Literaturethe most wide-reaching outreach de- sion chiefs and, in the 1930s, outsideCenter (1962), the American Folklifevelopment of all. consultants familiar with the majorCenter (1976) and the Center for the fields of learning. These specialistsBook (1977). John Cole is co-chair of the Bicentennial were needed, he felt, to help in col- Since 1993 the Library has pub- Steering Committee and director of the lection development, in perfectinglished, in collaboration with outside Center for the Book.

NOVEMBER 1999 265 .442' Pictures at an exhibition: "Who's Absent," a British armed forces recruiting poster from 1914 featuring John Bull inspired the famous American "I WantYou" poster featuring Uncle Sam by James Montgom- ery Flagg, 1917 (John Bull poster courtesy Imperial War Museum); "Fight on Britain-Fight On," sheet music cover from World War II era, 1941.

110,4,1 VIA,,

U FO U.S. NEAREST RECRUITING STATION

EDDIE^ LUNDOUISI .nd MARCE SMITH

266 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN z John Bull & Uncle Sam Tale of Two Nations Subject of a Major New Exhibition

BY CRAIG D'OOGE aM, from pre-Revolutionary times toly profitable circumnavigation of the nne of the highlights of an exhibi-the present day. For the first time, theglobe by Sir Francis Drake is docu- tion at the Library of Congress isriches of the two greatest library collec- mented with a large Dutch map (ca. a children's book printed in Great Brit-tions in the English-speaking world1595) from the Library of Congress. Sir ain in the 18th century. It contains awill be brought together to illustrateWalter Raleigh (c. 1544-1618), one of short rhyme, "Base-ball," illustratedthe interwoven history of the two na-Queen Elizabeth's favorites, took a with a woodcut of three children intions by focusing on seven topics: "Thelonger view of exploitation in attempt- tricornered hats. Two of them are eachAge of Exploration and Settlement," ing to establish a colony in 1584-87 at touching a post, while the third is"The American Revolution," "War:Roanoke Island off the coast of North standing in front of a third post hold-From Enemies to Allies," "Reform Carolina. By the time a relief party ar- ing a ball. The rhyme, corrected forMovements," "Technology" "Popularrived in 1590, the 117 colonists had modern spelling, reads: Culture" and "Language and Litera- mysteriously disappeared. ture." On Jan. 5, 1585, the Queen knighted The ball once struck off, Various pairs of American and Brit-Raleigh and allowed the territory he Away flies the Boy ish personalities will be To the next destined Post, given special attention, And then Home with Joy. such as Bill Clinton and The little k Play. Moral. Tony Blair, Margaret Thus Britons for Lucre Thatcher and Ronald Fly over the Main; Reagan, and Edward VIII and Mrs. Simpson. But, with Pleasure Included also will be transported, many film and video Return back again. selections document- This rhyme's title contains the earli-ing historic events and est known use of the term "base-ball,"prominent figures from thought by many to be an AmericanWorld War Ito the invention. This is just one of many in-present, as well as hu- tersections of American and British in-morous clips showing terests in a new exhibition, "John Bullhow each culture has BASE-BALL. and Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of Brit-caricatured the other, ish-American Relations," which opensfrom Monty Python THE Ballonce struck off, Nov. 18 in the Thomas Jefferson Build- and Benny Hill to W.C. Away flies the Boy ing of the Library of Congress. Fields and Laurel and To the next deftin'd Poll, This is the second in a series of exhi-Hardy. bitions celebrating the Library's Bicen- The exhibition looks And then Home with Joy. tennial theme "Libraries, Creativity,at the relationship be- Liberty" Future exhibitions are "Tho-tween America and MORAL. mas Jefferson: Genius of Liberty" and Great Britain and their Thus Britons for Lucre "The Wizard of Oz: An American Fairyinfluence on each other Tale," both opening on April 24, 2000, at different times in his- Fly over the Main ; the Library's 200th birthday. tory It opens with an But, with Pleafure tranfported, Much of the material on exhibitionaccount of English ad- never has been publicly seen in eitherventurers of the 16th Return back again. country and some of the rarest andcentury as they sought TR AP most valuable objects from each collec- to exploit America for tion will travel across the Atlantic forfame and profit. Al the first, and possibly only, time. After though John Cabot laidFrom A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, 1760s. the exhibition closes at the Library of claim to North AmericaThere is nothing more American than base- Congress on March 4, 2000, it will openas early as 1497-98, itball, but the British had all the bases covered at the British Library on a date to betook the English morefirst. Although the game is generally consid- announced. than 50 years to exploitered to have been developed in the 19th cen- "John Bull and Uncle Sam" featuresthe New World, andtury from the British game of rounders, a Brit- more than 200 rare and original trea-then only by lootingish children's book shows the game being sures illuminating the relationship be-Spanishshipsandplayed under the name "base-ball." Courtesy tween the United States and Great Brit-settlements. The huge-of the British Library.

NOVEMBER 1999 267 '2279 The Red-lined Map, or "King George's Map" whichre- cords the British interpretation of the limit of the United States and its neighbors as determined by the Preliminary Articles of Peace in 1782 that led to the Treaty of Paris, which concluded the American Revo- lutionary War. This particular map appears to have been prepared as the official copy for King George Ill and came to the British Library in 1828 in the King's topographical collection. Courtesy of the British Library.

had discovered to be called " Virginia," in honor of herself, the Virgin Queen. Raleigh is represented by the only known portrait issued during his lifetime, a steel engraving on loan from the British Museum. Other items relating to the early history of Virginia include a drawing by John White for an engraving by Theodore DeBry for America (1590) and a hand-drawn map of the James River 41101k, 71 showing Jamestown and other English settlements from 1608. The "Duke's Plan" of New York is also on display, prepared in September 1664, when the British took the town of New Amsterdam and renamed it "New York," in honor of King Charles II's brother, the Duke of York. New York was protected on the landward side by a 12- foot palisade ditch from which Wall Street takes its name. New England was, of course, another area of settlement, and several items relating to its Puritan heritage are on display, including a contemporary (ca. 1629) copy of John Winthrop's "General Observations for the Plan- tation of New England" that was recently discovered in the Library of Congress. A bill of sale, dated Oct. 7, 1730, for a slave that was sold to Bishop George Berkeley (1685- 1753) in Rhode Island and a broadside showing the West African forts and factories of a British slave company are reminders that not all settlers came willingly. Other items kazf relate to the history of the Quakers, the Irish and the Scots in America. Although many Colonists left England because they could not reform it, the "anglicizing" of America began s-^ almost immediately after settlement. The exhibition notes that by the beginning of the 18th century, many `.;mss Colonists no longer viewed England as a place in need of "Their manner of fishynge in Virginia," from Theodor reform but rather a model to be imitated. This "angliciz- de Bry, America. Frankfort-am-Main, 1590. Engravinging" impulse persisted into the 19th century. Even dur- after John White. Hand-colored and inserted in Will-ing the Revolutionary War, most people living in iam Strachey's manuscript "Virginia," 1612. CourtesyAmerica still considered themselves English, although of the British Library. many leading American statesmen thought that there

268 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN ,0 s would always be eternal hostility between Britain and America because of the war's brutality. Next to the Civil War, the Revolutionary War was responsible for the highest proportion of the population that died in American history, three times more lethal to Americans than World War II. How- ever, even in the act of separation, Tho- mas Jefferson still made reference to the "ties of common kindred" between England and her Colonies in his rough draft of the Declaration of Indepen- dence, one of the Library's "Top Trea- sures" included in the exhibition. The Stamp Act of 1765, which set a precedent for taxing the Colonies without their consent, is represented in the exhibition by a rare proof sheet from the British Library's Philatelic . 9 91 98 ,J9 Section of 1-penny stamps that were to A'gV./, /./ be used on newspapers and pamphlets. Other items relating to the be- 4 D. 4-4 4'1.',.../97/7,/44.4X"frs.2.9/ ginnings of the War of Revolution include Paul Revere's famous engraving of the Boston Massacre, a broadside depicting the 40 Americans killed at le;;? Ii,J/i; / C o), rie 01. the battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775, printed a few days later, and a British watercolor of theProof sheet of 1-penny stamps submitted for approval to the Commis- battle of Bunker Hill. sioners of Stamps by an engraver, May 10, 1765.The stamps were to be The exhibition documents the War of used on newspapers, pamphlets and all other papers in the American Independence from start to finish, from Colonies "being larger than half a sheet and not exceeding one whole George III's proclamation of Aug. 23, sheet," according to the Stamp Act. Courtesy of the British Library. 1775, declaring the Colonies to be in open rebellion, to what one scholar has called "the most famous map in the his-fined in the section of the exhibitionAmerica's national anthem were set to tory of American diplomacy." Variously"War: From Enemy to Ally." the tune of an English drinking song, called "Mitchell's Map," "the Red-lined Certainly if one had to pick a single"To Anacreon in Heaven," and a copy Map," and "King George's Map," it wasact from history that could haveof the lyrics in Francis Scott Key's own used by the British and American peacedoomed this exhibition well before ithand is displayed. negotiators in Paris in the fall of 1782 to was conceived, one would have to cite British involvement in the American delineate the boundaries of what be-the burning of the Library of Congress Civil War is symbolized by a stamp die came the United States. The copy onby British troops when they invadedbearing the likeness of Jefferson Davis, loan from the British Library appears toWashington during the War of 1812.president of the Confederacy, that was have been prepared as the official copyAlthough the British admiral whoused in Britain to print a 5-cent stamp. for King George III, coming to the Brit- torched the U.S. Capitol and theThe die, die proof and stamp will be on ish Library in 1828 as part of the King'sLibrary of Congress within report-display. A letter of condolence from topographical collection. edly expressed his regret, assertingQueen Victoria to Mary Todd Lincoln American-British relations sufferedthat he made war "neither against Let-after the president was assassinated later tensions because of the War ofters nor Ladies," a depiction of thisreminds us that even the course of em- 1812, selective British support of thedastardly act taken from an Englishpire can pause to acknowledge the Confederacy during the Americanbook of the same year contradicts suchshared humanity of suffering. Civil War and American demands inniceties, as does a book that came to World War I brought Great Britain 1895 that Britain submit to arbitrationlight in 1940 bearing an inscription inand the United States together as never with Venezuela over a boundary dis-Admiral Cockburn's hand that it wasbefore, even though President Wilson pute with British Guiana. But thetaken as a souvenir when the U.S.insisted that American ground forces United States fought beside Great Brit-Capitol was destroyed. serve under the command of an ain in World War I and II. Since then, But the "special relationship" en-American general. Common interests the countries have grown so close thatjoyed by America and Great Britainare underscored by the display of the they habitually act in concert in warsurvived such atrocities. The ties offamous recruiting poster of 1917 of and diplomacy, most recently inculture, history and language are sim-Uncle Sam saying "I Want You for U.S. Kosovo. This transformation is exam-ply too strong. Even the words forArmy" next to the earlier British poster NOVEMBER 1999 \ '281 269 * 0

Douglass upon leaving Great Britain, original sketches of illustrations for a British edition of Uncle Tom's Cabin and the draft of the Emancipation ProclamationinLincoln's own hand. At the beginning of the World Anti-Slavery Conven- tion in London in 1840, a delegation of American women was denied the opportunity to participate equally with men. Elizabeth Cady Stan- ton later asserted that the women's suffrage movement in both England and America had its origins in this affront. Original speeches, graphics, posters,photographs and songs document the history of this movement on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1904 Susan B. Anthony presented to the Library of Congress her personal copy of ,5YDYILIJLETH F' J1fl T/D:11(). XI'LANTIC Mary Wollstonecraft's path- /1-v. . .1 Prruv swa' /611. .ro ear roare,,,..e.,,,,,,,,,Narr rice breaking Vindication of the &al ?Y rich. Ir.r r erro,,,ver, tes., .SW4, Cie. if' Ara. A r, deb, r, Rights of Woman, first published in 1792 and included in "The Eighth Wonder of the World:The Atlantic Cable," a lithograph commemo- the exhibition. Anthony wrote rating the linking of the British lion and the American eagle across the Atlanicin the inscription to this vol- Ocean by telegraphic cable in 1866. ume that she was "a great ad- mirer of this earliest work for of 1914 upon which it was based. Arti- ary societies were copied from woman's right to Equality of rights ever facts from the World War II era showBritish models, as was the crusade topenned by a Woman." how intertwined American interestsabolish slavery. The section of the ex- In science and technology, as in so became with those of Great Britain,hibition on "Reform Movements"many other areas, British-American as emphasized by the display oftraces this "anglicizing" influence onrelations followed the same pattern: at Churchill's reading copy, with hand-American life through original his- first, Americans imitated and adopted written corrections, of his speech to thetorical materials, up to and includingBritish inventions and techniques, and Virginia General Assembly on Marchthe modern civil rights movement,then technology affected each country 9, 1946, where he said that "among thewhich reversed the trend as events inin a reciprocal manner in the mid-19th English-speaking peoples, there mustAmerica began to influence those incentury, followed by the dominant inbe the union of hearts based upon con-Great Britain. In the late 1960s, Brit-fluence of American science and tech- viction and common ideals." ish militants even formed a Blacknology in the 20th century. To show appreciation for AmericanPanther Party in imitation of the par- Early British influence on America is support after the war, W. Somersetent group in California. exemplified by printed works relating Maugham presented to the Library of The book said to have been the firstto the invention of the steam engine by Congress the autograph copy of his fa-publication in the Anglo-AmericanScotsman James Watt (1736-1819); yet mous novel Of Human Bondage, whichworld to advocate the immediate, un-it was an American, John Fitch, who will be on display, together withconditional abolition of slavery will beadapted the steam engine to a boat, a reciprocal gift that was organizeddisplayed: a volume by the Britishoperating a steam-powered vessel on by Librarian of Congress Luther Quaker antislavery crusader Elizabeth the Delaware River on Aug. 22, 1787, Evans to the British people: LewisHeyrick from 1824. American aboli-as members of the Constitutional Carroll's original manuscript, contain-tionists even celebrated as an unoffi-Convention watched. The exhibition ing his own illustrations, of Alice'scial holiday Aug. 1, the date in 1834includes a sketch of a steamboat by Adventure's Underground. when Britain emancipated the slavesFitch from that year. The influence of Almost all of the so-called benevo-in the West Indies. An address on thisAmerican technology on Great Britain lent societiesthat flourished indate by Ralph Waldo Emerson is in-was first established with the Great America in the first half of the 19thcluded in this section, as are the manu- London Exhibition of 1851, which fea- century Bible, tract and mission-script of an address by Fredericktured American products such as the

270 - 26 0 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN DEC148477041 OP WORDS BY WM. ALLAN. c. e.,.,HtMBER npITIStlyPARLIARINT 19,53 MU5IC. BY j. 13.ERBERT - e& Two takes on handshakes: "John Bull and Uncle Sam," J. B. Herbert, words by William Allan. This sheet music of a song written by a member of the British Parliament celebrates the peaceful resolution of the Venezuela Boundary Dispute in 1898, the last time the United States and Britain came close to going to war; "Declaration of Interdependence," John Fischetti, July 4, 1953, from Collier's magazine. This 1953 cartoon accompanied an editorial in Collier's in response to an eruption of anti-British feeling in the United States in response to remarks by former Prime Minister Clement Attlee. McCormick reaper and the Colt revolver. Later, the Singer sewing machine became popular in Great Britain. An American entrepreneur, Cyrus Field (1819-1892) organized the major Anglo-American effort to lay a cable across the Atlantic, finally succeeding in 1866 after many earlier setbacks. A large print titled "The Eighth Wonder of the World: The Atlantic Cable" commemorates the achievement. Other illustrations compare American and British advances in bridge and canal- building, railroads, telegraphs, architecture, computer-building, medicine and other forms of technology, not omitting an illustration of the flush toilet, which was perfected by Englishman Thomas Crapper in 1884. A wide assortment of British and American examples have been drawn together for the "Popular Culture" and "Language and Litera- ture" sections of the exhibition. Here visitors will find many sporting items relating to the history of horse racing, golf, boxing and football. A travelling cutlery Musical and theatrical influences are documented in sheet music, pho- set and walking tographs of Shakespearean actors, Gilbert and Sullivan manuscripts stick owned by and posters advertising wild west shows in London. Charles Dickens, For sheer cultural impact, perhaps nothing compares to the "Brit- from the collections ish Invasion" of America by the Beatles in the 1960s. Publicity ma- of the Library of terials from their first album, "Meet the Beatles," will be displayed Congress. from the Library's Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division, and the British Library has lent an original holograph score of a musical composition by Paul McCartney. Surely one of the reasons the Beatles were so successful in this country was because their music was so familiar. They were heavily influenced by American rock and roll and the exhibition acknowledges this debt with items relating to Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry and other American musical talents.

NOVEMBER 1999 271 yltrd% Various literary masterpieces and rare items have been se- Pickford Theater to Present lected to draw attention to the common language that "sepa- British-American Film Series rates" America and Great Brit- ain, as George Bernard Shaw rr his fall the Mary Pickford Theater presents a film retrospective in conjunction with the exhibition "John Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Centuries of British-American Relations." The series will it. reportedly characterized explore the relationship between America and Britain as seen in film and television programming. In 1820 Englishman Sydney The series, which will continue next spring, illustrates this with film holdings from the Library of Smith asked, "Who Reads an Congress, the National Film and Television Archive and the British Film Institute in London. American Book?" in a famous Reservations may be made by phone, beginning one week before any given show. Call (202) 707- essay in the Edinburgh Review, 5677 Monday-Friday, 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Reserved seats must be claimed at least 10 minutes before and a large American-made show time, after which standbys will be admitted to unclaimed seats. All programs are free, but "Pictorial Chart of English Lit- seating is limited to 64 seats. The Mary Pickford Theater is located on the third floor of the Library erature" shows the influence of of Congress Madison Building, 101 Independence Ave. S.E. English literature in America into the 20th century. Tuesday, Oct. 12 Tuesday, Nov. 16 Tuesday, Dec. 7 Still, American soldiers sta- "Petulia" (Warner Bros., 1968) P.G. Wodehouse: Stage to Screen: P.G. Wodehouse: Wodehouse on Tele- (7 P.m) "A Gentleman of Leisure" (Para- vision: "Great Performances: Tales tioned in Britain during World mount, 1915); "Excerpt: Show From the Hollywood Hills: The War II were given a sort of "En- Thursday, Oct. 14 Boat" (Universal, 1936) and Old Reliable" (WNET, 1988) and glish-English" dictionary, one "Sabrina" (Paramount, 1954) (7 p.m.) "Ford Startime: Dear Arthur" "Jeeves and Wooster: Safety in of which is on display. Also in- (NBC, 1960) (6:30 p.m.) New York" (a.k.a. "Bertie Sets Friday, Oct. 15 Sail") (Granada, 1992) (7 p.m.) cluded are the first American "Lady Sings the Blues" (Paramount, Thursday, Nov. 18 edition of Shakespeare's plays 1972) (6:30 p.m.) "The Avengers: The Superlative Wednesday, Dec. 8 Seven" (ABC Television, 1967) "Hidden Agenda" (Initial Film and (1795), a manuscript page from Tuesday, Oct. 1 a Dickens novel (and personal and "The Avengers: Murders- Television, 1990) (7 p.m.) Tribute to Richard Rodgers (7 p.m.) ville" (ABC, 1967) (7 p.m.) items belonging to the author), Thursday, Dec. 9 a T.S. Eliot manuscript, an Thursday, Oct. 21 Friday, Nov. 19 "Victim" (Allied, 1961) (7 p.m.) Auden poem, and Mark Twain's Surprise Screening (7 p.m.) "Riff-Ralf' (Parallax Pictures for Channel 4,1991) (7 p.m.) Friday, Dec. 10 letter to his British publishers Friday, Oct. 22 "Whisky Galore!" (Ealing, 1948) describing Huckleberry Finn as a "Payday" (1972) (7 p.m.) Monday, Nov. 22 and "The Lavender Hill Mob" "rattling good one." "The Beverly Hillbillies: The (Ealing, 1951) (6:30 p.m.) Tuesday, Oct. 26 Clampetts in London" (CBS, "Keepers of the Frame" (Mount Pilot 1967) and "A Connecticut Yan- Monday, Dec. 13 Mr. D'Ooge is media director in Productions, 1998) and "Fatty's Tin- kee in King Arthur's Court" "Pennies from Heaven" (MGM, the Library's Public Affairs Office. type Tangle" (1915) (7 p.m.) (Paramount, 1948) (6:30 p.m.) 1981) (7 p.m.) Thursday, Oct. 28 Tuesday, Nov. 23 Tuesday, Dec. 14 "Fifty Candles" (1921) and "Charlie P.G. Wodehouse: Writing in Holly- P.G. Wodehouse: More Wodehouse: Chan at the Opera" (20th Century- wood: "Those Three French "Jeeves and Wooster: Bertie En- Fox, 1936) (6:30 p.m.) Girls" (MGM, 1930) and "The sures Bicky Can Continue To Live in Manhattan" (a.k.a. "The Full Friday, Oct. 29 Man in Possession" (MGM, 1931) (6:30 p.m.) House")(GranadaTelevision, "Assault on Precinct 13" (CICK, 1976) 1992) (7 p.m.) (7 Pm.) Monday, Nov. 29 Wednesday, Dec. 15 Tuesday, Nov. 2 "Alfie" (Paramount, 1966) (7 P.m.) "Secret Agent: Judgement Day" "1776, or, The Hessian Renegades" (ITC, 1964) and "The Prisoner: (Biograph, 1909); "The Informer" "John Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Tuesday, Nov. 30 Arrival" (ITC, 1967) (7 p.m.) (Biograph, 1912) and "The Little Centuries of British-American P.G. Wodehouse: Return to Hol- American" (Mary Pickford Film lywood: "A Damsel in Distress" Thursday, Dec. 16 Relations" is supported by a Corp., 1917) (7 p.m. start time) (RKO, 1937) (7 p.m.) "Bitter Sweet" (British and Domin- grant from the Annenberg Foun- ions Film Corp., 1933) (7 p.m.) Wednesday, Nov. 3 Wednesday, Dec. 1 dation. Curator for the Library of "A Simple Charity" (Biograph, 1910); Congress is James Hutson, work- "Passport to Pimlico" (Ealing, Friday, Dec. 17 "The Unwelcome Guest" (Biograph, 1949) (7 p.m.) "Room at the Top" (Remus, 1959) 1913) and "Johanna Enlists" (Pick- ing with Irene Chambers, chief of (7 P.m.) the Interpretive Programs Office, ford Film Corp., 1918) (7 p.m.) Thursday, Dec. 2 "Catch Us If You Can" (Warner Monday, Dec. 20 and Martha Hopkins, exhibition Friday, Nov. 5 director. The head of exhibitions Bros., 1965); US title: "Having a "Carry On Up the Khyber" (Rank, "Sorrows of the Unfaithful" (Bio- Wild Weekend" (7 p.m.) 1968) and "Carry On Camping" at the British Library is Alan graph, 1910); "The Mirror" (Imp, (Rank, 1969) (6 p.m.) Sterenberg. The exhibition, which 1911); "With the Enemy's Help" Friday, Dec. 3 runs Nov. 18 through March 4, (Biograph, 1912) and "The Found- "Performance" (Warner Bros., Tuesday, Dec. 21 ling" (Famous Players, 1915) (7 p.m.) 1970) (7 p.m.) "Ladybird Ladybird" (Parallax will be open, free of charge, Pictures, 1994) (7 p.m.) Monday throughSaturday, Friday, Nov. 12 Monday, Dec. 6 10 a.m.-5 p.m. An on-line version "A Star Is Born" (1954) (6 p.m.) "The Avengers: The Nutshell" Tuesday, Dec. 28 of the exhibition will be available (ABC Television, 1963) and "The "The Saint: The People Importers" Monday, Nov. 15 Avengers: Invasion of the Earth- (Bamore Production for ITC, 1968) on the Library's Web site at "Kind Hearts and Coronets" (Ealing, man" (ABC Television, 1968) and "Return of the Saint: The Ar- www.loc.gov/exhibits. 1949) (7 p.m.) (7 P.m.) rangement" (ITC, 1978) (7 p.m.)

272 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 2 *GR

cc'

Conservation Corner Preservationon 'John Bull & Uncle Sam'

BY MARK ROOSA that led to the American Revo- rr he Bicentennial exhibition "Johnlution." The Stamp Act is in the 1 Bull and Uncle Sam: Four Centu-form of a pamphlet that had ries of British-American Relations"been bound into a volume. The features a marvelous assortment oftitle page had been lined with a Anne Regni materials important to the historymodern machine-made paper GEORGII III. and culture of both countries. and all of the folios were R E G IS The exhibition, which includes aguarded with heavy white ma- Afccicc Brilarmit, Francis, & Hibernia mix of 200 books, manuscripts andchine-made paper. The title QUINTO. At the Parliament begu n and holden at ll'ellann. broadsides, traces the special rela- the Nintleenth Day of .11.g, ...frnio Dna. page lining sheet and all previ- )76t,iathe Fifa %ear of the Reign p ow Sovereign, Lord GEO 50/3 the Third, by tionship between Great Britain andous mends were removed by theGnee of God, of Gres/ &nail:, &am', and Ireland, King, pefendcr of. the Faith, the United States. It draws on collec-immersing the pages in water. And from thence ounintled8.84 Ptopptioto to the Tank tions housed at the British LibraryThe pages were deacidified ktLiti kffisa a We and the Library of Congress and willwith magnesium bicarbonate. include some items that have neverThey were mended and folios been on public display. guarded with Japanese paper Select items from the Library's col-and rice starch paste. The pam- lection were reviewed prior to the ex-phlet was resewn and placed in hibition. This has provided conserva-a new handmade paper cover. I. 0 N 0 0 .V: Planted by Mod 80.18 Minor Pt do 800 0. .0° tion staff with a unique opportunity Also included is the first tortPlattohyold by tha P.p.& Rat, kg., .765. to treat some of our nation's top cul-American edition of Shake- tural artifacts. So far, about half of thespeare'sPlays,published in items slated for display have beenPhiladelphia in 1795. To pre- stabilized for the exhibition, which ispare the title page and frontis- to travel to the British Library at apiece of this volume for exhibi- later date. tion some small tears were Since the scope of materials se-mended with Japanese paperPage one of the 1765 publication of lected includes both book and paperand wheat starch paste. Thethe Stamp Act, one of the actions formats, the review and treatment offrontispiece was removed, re-which led to the American Revolu- items was distributed throughoutpaired and guarded with ation; the London publication of Mark the conservation division. Includedhinge so that it could be openedTwain's Huckleberry Finn, 1884, in the first round of items treated are without creasing and breakingwhich proved very popular in Great some fascinating works with special continued on page277 Britain. conservation needs. Probably one of the most important Library of Congress documents to be included in the exhibition is Abraham Lincoln's draft of the Ilanita48ot Emancipation Proclamation. Consid- THE ADVENTURES ered one of the Library's "top trea- HUCKLEBERRY FINN sures," this one-page manuscript has 171,1 1117,4,8 CCIAIRADE) received conservation attention on Maasarrl VAlyrr several occasions to protect it for future generations. It and a handful of Ot the Library's most valuable items are MASK TWAIN stored in a temperature- and humidity-controlled vault to retard degradation. The November exhibition is one of the rare times that the document will be on public display. 1.1777/ 11-1.1AirioNs A copy of the Stamp Act, published (1a. t44,,rik -; C118110 8 WINDUti, PICCAIJILIX in London in 1765, is also included in 08Y the exhibition and, according to the curator, James Hutson, is notable because, "it laid taxes on the American Colonies and initiated the dispute

NOVEMBER 1999 273 285 BEST COPY AVAILABLE * 0

* For the Love of Books Ronald Shwartz Speaks in `Books & Beyond' Series

BY AUDREY FISCHER brary of Congress. Four have since f not quite "the man almost killed FOR THE LOV. died, making their comments on the Iby love of books" a San Diego subject all the more poignant. Of these, man buried under 9,900 hardcover 0 F 13'0.0 Shwartz developed a special relation- books in his 12-foot-square apartment ship with Clifton Fadiman, whose as- during an earthquake Ronald sistant initially wrote to decline for the Shwartz is a close second. Mr. Shwartz 93-year-old writer, who was by then has put his life's blood into his new nearly blind. Mr. Fadiman's own signa- opus, For the Love of Books: 115 Celebrated ture, written in a shaky hand, was Writers on the Books They Love Most. touching to Mr. Shwartz, who wrote to "It is the work of a lifetime and a tell him so. This led to a phone corre- work that seemed to take a lifetime," he spondence in which Mr. Fadiman's told a crowd of fellow book lovers comments on literature were eventu- attending the Sept. 29 "Books & Be- ally transcribed and included in the yond" lecture series sponsored by the book. Also included are the comments Library's Center for the Book. "I of his daughter, author Anne Fadiman, became, if not a man of letters, at least 1 1 5 whose book on books and reading, Ex C I . E R R A 1, E DWR IT I: R a man who writes letters," quipped Mr. 0 NT H E6 0 0 A S Libris: Confessions of a Common Reader, Shwartz in reference to his method for T I IF Y I. 0 V E 51 0 S was the subject of a Books & Beyond eliciting a response to the question program held last fall at the Library. "Which books have affected you most As expected, many classic works of deeply?" More than 3,600 letters, literature such as Faulkner's Absalom! e-mails and faxes exchanged with hun- for of The University of Chicago Law Re- Absalom!, Dickens's Great Expectations dreds of esteemed writers resulted inview and three books of quotations andand Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Kara- an eloquent compilation of their com-as a frequent contributor to The Wallmazov were repeatedly cited by con- mentaries on literature and life. Street Journal, The Nation, the Los Ange-tributors, but more obscure works The story of how Mr. Shwartz, a Bos- les Times and other prominent publica-some fondly remembered from child- ton trial attorney, came to write thetions, Mr. Shwartz set up a strategy forhood were credited with instilling a book is an interesting tale in itself. Heeliciting the participation of a criticallifelong love of reading and writing. entered the legal profession thinking itmass of writers. Instead of distributing Some surprising connections were also to be "the refuge of choice for cerebrala form letter, he composed each lettermade between the impact of literature types with free-floating ambition butindividually,citing each author's on life. Among them was the poet Rob- otherwise without calling" and hopingworks. He also took pains to chooseert Bly's assertion that "I don't think I to "end up reading books for fun andwhat he hoped would be the right pa-would ever have opposed the Vietnam profit en route to becoming a man of let- per weight and texture, and even theWar through poetry and public action ters." These hopes were quickly dashed optimum choice of font. Before long, he if I hadn't read The Marriage of Heaven when he was at once presented withlearned that "writers don't just write,and Hell by Robert Blake," wrote Mr. "4-pound texts with no cover designs, they write back." The responses them- Bly. "Robert McNamara and Dean no dust jackets ... big books with littleselves are fodder for another book. Rusk were both in Blake's terms questions ... not the multicolored books Many, likethe playwright Neil(negative) Angels, trying to use reason that lit up the world's dark corners."Simon, who initially declined due to to oppose Energy." According to Mr. Shwartz, "the mes-other commitments, eventually con- Since "turnabout is fair play," Mr. sage was clear: real books were some-ceded. Some like Anna Quindlen andShwartz was obliged to list his personal thing you put away like toys in order toKurt Vonnegut, who characterized thefavorites, which include Slouching To- grow up, get over it, to get with the pro-suggestion as a mean thing to ask a fel- ward Bethlehem by Joan Didion, Lord Jim gram." After "three years in exile," helow writer to do, also capitulated. by Joseph Conrad and The Collected Es- divided his time between practicing the Aware that he was "treading a thin line says of George Orwell. However, he also law and once again reading for plea-between tenacity and harassment," Mr. acknowledged that "the one in which I sure. "Bookstores were my weaknessShwartz continued to engage in "be- have invested the most time, joy, sweat and ultimately my way back." nign hounding" until he achieved moreequity and communal pride I would This time in exile from the legal pro-than a critical mass of participants. An have to say, with humility and grati- fession on a leave of absence, Mr.advance from an interested publishertude for the musings of an extraordi- Shwartz set about writing "the book soon followed his book proposal. nary roster of writers, it is this one." I myself tried to find while spending Of the 115 writers whose essays are half my waking life in bookstores." Af- included in the book, five have served Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in ter establishing his credibility as the edi-as the nation's poet laureate in the Li- the Public Affairs Office.

274 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN ovr.o0 eat The Brick of Shalmaneser Library Artifact from Ancient Assyria Translated

BY DAVID K. MOORE nne of the oldest written works V in the Library dates from the ninth century B.C. and is not on ani- T)4-'1,41)wr*g-*A-frp mal skin or a form of paper but 11, 4 etched into a brick. The brick is part of the clay tablet collection in the Hebraic Section. This drawing and transliteration of an <(-

Italy continued from page 261 Massimo Pistacchi, also of the director general's office; Adalgisa Perazza de Pinedo of Italy's Cen- tral Cataloging Office; Luigi Maccotta, first coun- selor of the Italian Embassy; and Annamaria LeLli, director of the Italian Cultural Institute. After processing, all the materials will be available to researchers in the Library's various general and special-format reading rooms.

Ms. Armbruster is a specialist in the European Division.

Mr. Panini (second from left) describes the il- lumination and special binding of the bible to Donald Panzera, John Van Oudenaren, chief of European Division, and Carol Armbruster. N. Alicia Byers

NOVEMBER 1999 2:8 Z. 275 *

Swann Foundation Now Geography Accepting Applications and Map The Caroline and Erwin Swann Foundation for Caricature and Gets New Cartoon is again accepting applications for its graduate fellowship. The Swann Foundation awards one fellowship Chief annually (with a stipend of $15,000) to assist continuing scholarly research and writing projects in the field of caricature and John R. Hebert, for- cartoon. Completed applications are due Feb.15, 2000, and merly Senior Spe- notification will occur in May 2000. The fellowship covers the cialistinHispanic 2000-2001 academic year. bibliography in the To be eligible, one must be a candidate for an M.A. or Ph.D. Hispanic Division, has degree in a university in the United States, Canada or Mexico been appointed to the and working toward the completion of a dissertation or thesis Erika Wissolik position of Chief of the for that degree, or be engaged in postgraduate research within John Hebert Geography and Map three years of receiving an M.A. or Ph.D. Although research Division. He succeeds must be in the field of caricature and cartoon, there is no limita-Ralph E. Ehrenberg, who retired in July 1998. tion regarding the place or time period covered. Since the Fund "Mr. Hebert brings many strengths to this po- encourages research in a variety of academic disciplines, theresition," said Associate Librarian for Library Ser- is no restriction upon the university department in which thisvices Winston Tabb. "His knowledge of geogra- work is being done, provided the subject pertains to caricaturephy, cartographic and geographic information or cartoon art. systems and his curatorial and administrative In the interest of increasing awareness and extending docu-background at the Library of Congress make him mentation of Library of Congress collections, fellows are re-ideally suited for this critical management quired to make use of the Library's collections, be in residence forposition. He is a welcome addition to the Library at least two weeks during the award period and deliver a publicServices' management team." lecture on his or her work in progress at that time. Finally, recipi- Mr. Hebert began his career at the Library in ents must provide a copy of their dissertation, thesis, or post-1969 as a senior reference specialist in the Geog- graduate publications, upon its completion, for the Swann Foun-raphy and Map Division. In 1974, he moved to dation Fellowship files. the Hispanic Division, where he maintained a New York advertising executive Erwin Swann (1906-1973) es-continuing relationship with the collections and tablished the Swann Foundation for Carciature and Cartoon inwork of the Geography and Map Division. He 1967. An avid collector, Swann assembled a large group of origi-was project director of the Library's Christopher nal drawings by 400 artists, spanning two centuries, which hisColumbus Quincentenary Program for which estate bequeathed to the Library of Congress in two installmentshe curated the exhibition "1492: An Ongoing in 1974 and 1977. Swann's original purpose was to compile a col-Voyage." He also was responsible for the pub- lection of original drawings by significant humorous and satiriclications associated with the exhibition, The artists and to encourage the study of original cartoon and cari-Hispanic World1492-1898and1492:An Ongoing cature drawings as works of art. The stress on original worksVoyage, which he edited. serves two purposes: to preserve work that is too often lost or Mr. Hebert regularly contributed to the Cartog- casually destroyed and to afford the opportunity to judge drafts-raphy Section contributor to the annual Handbook manship, subtlety of line and wash in the artist's original workof Latin American Studies, compiled in the instead of the reproduction which, while retaining its message,Library's Hispanic Division. With the support of loses graphic quality. a private research grant in 1998, Mr. Hebert and The Foundation's support of research and academic publica-a colleague completed The Luso-Hispanic World in tion is carried out in part through a program of fellowships.Maps: A Selective Guide to Manuscript Maps to1900 Applicants are invited to write to the Foundation, with a state- in the Collections of the Library of Congress, which ment of qualifications, needs and a budget. These grants are in-identified and described more than 1,000 manu- tended to assist ongoing research and writing projects in the spe-script maps, primarily in the collections of the cific areas of interest to the Foundation. The Caroline and ErwinGeography and Map Division. It will be pub- Swann Foundation for Caricature and Cartoon, now adminis-lished by the Library. His other publications in- tered by the Library of Congress, is overseen by an advisoryclude Panoramic Maps of Anglo-American Cities, board composed of scholars, collectors, cartoonists and Library Population Maps of the Western Hemisphere and The of Congress staff members. Its activities support the study, inter-Library of Congress Hispanic and Portuguese Collec- pretation, preservation and appreciation of original works of hu-tions: An Illustrated Guide. morous and satiric art by graphic artists from around the world. Mr. Hebert has served in many roles in his nu- More information is available through the Foundation's Webmerous professional memberships and associa- site: www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/swannhome.html, by e-mail-tions. He was president and vice president of the ing: [email protected], or by calling Sara Duke in the Prints andSeminar for the Acquisition of Latin American Photographs Division at (202) 707-9115. continued on page 277

276 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 253 Geneaological Treasures DAR Chapter Donates Books to Library n Oct. 22, during an informal Others attending the V ceremony in the Local Historyceremony at the Library and Genealogy Reading Room, thewere Rep. Tom Davis Bill of Rights Chapter of the National(R-Va.), in whose district Society Daughters of the Americanthe DAR Bill of Rights Revolution donated eight booksChapter is based; Elena to the Library. Linda L. Green, theZahirpour of the Library's chapter's commemorative eventsU.S. Acquisitions Section, chairman, noted that the donationAnglo-American Acquisi- was made in honor of the upcomingtions Division; Victoria celebration of the Library's Bicenten-Hill, assistant chief of the nial in 2000. The books include aHumanities and Social Sci- family history, several local historiesences Division; and Judith and transcriptions of North CarolinaReid, head of the Local N. Alicia Byers Revolutionary Army accounts. ThreeHistory and Genealogy Linda Green of the Daughters of the Ameri- of the publications were compiled byReading Room. can Revolution with Rep. Tom Davis (R-Va.) Ms. Green. Once the cataloging process is complete, they will be available to researchers in the Local His- tory and Genealogy Reading Room. Barbara Walsh, reference librarian in the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room, presented Ms. Green with a letter of acknowledgment signed by Michael Albin, chief of the Rep.Davis Anglo-American Acquisitions Divi- discusses the sion. In brief remarks she empha- DAR's gift to sized that because local history and theLibrary genealogical publications are often with staffers privately printed, donations by orga- Victoria Hill, nizations and individuals play a vital Barbara role in building the Library's collec- Walsh and tions in this area. Judith Reid N. Alicia Byers Hebert Conservation continued from page 276 continued from page 273 Library Materials in 1983-1984 and 1982- the page. 1983, respectively. He is currently a member The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon by Gentleman Washington of the advisory council for the People of Irving (1819) is included in the exhibit because, "it was the first book America Foundation. His other professional written by an American that was well received by English critics" associations and memberships include the says Mr. Hutson. Like many volumes produced during this period, Latin American Studies Association, the the leather covering material (calf) was badly deteriorated and both American Historical Association, the Confer- covers were detached from the textblock. To prepare the book for ence on Latin American History, the Society exhibition, it was rebacked with new leather and then boards were for the History of Discoveries, the Council for reattached. the International Exchange of Scholars, the Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn (London 1884), notable because it National Hispanic Quincentennial Commis- was extraordinarily popular in Great Britain, is bound in full pub- sion, the National Endowment for the Hu- lishers cloth decorated with colorful stamped impressions. The cloth manities and the U.S. Christopher Columbus used for the cover had become brittle and pieces of the spine were Quincentenary Jubilee Commission. breaking off. The cover was carefully removed and the spine rein- He has a bachelor of arts degree in history forced with two layers of Japanese paper. Pieces of the spine that from the University of Southwestern Louisi- had become detached were reattached. The case was then refitted to ana and earned master's and doctorate the volume. degrees in Latin American history from Georgetown University. Mr. Roosa is the chief of the Conseration Division.

NOVEMBER 1999 277 289 News from the Center for the Book Literacy Promotion Update The Center for the year grant to admin- Book promotes lit- ister the Viburnum eracy through publi- Family Literacy Pro- cations and projects, ject and, when appro- by supportinglit- priate, to expand it eracy efforts of its (see LC Information state affiliates and by Bulletin,November providing informa- 1998.) This year, the tion about literacy or- foundation made ganizations and their small grants totaling activities on its Web $120,000 directly to 40 site (www.loc.gov/ small rural libraries in loc /cfbook).Many of seven Southern states: these organizations, Alabama, Georgia, for example, Laubach Louisiana,Missis- Literacy, Literacy Vol- sippi, New Mexico, unteers of America,Center for the Book project coordinator Virginia Mathews andOklahoma and Texas. the National Centerprogram specialist Anne Boni (front row, third and fourth from Ms. Mathews, the for Family Literacy,the left) with Oklahoma participants at the family literacy work-center's consultant for the National Centershop in Austin,Texas. the Viburnum Foun- on Adult Literacy, the dation-Center for the National Coalition for Literacy and the part in each workshop, designed forBook Family Literacy Project, is as- National Institute for Literacy arerepresentatives of rural libraries andsisted by Anne Boni, the center's pro- members of the Center for the Book'scommunities that received family lit-gram specialist, and Patricia White, ex- 10-year-old Reading Promotion Part-eracy grants in 1999 from the Vibur-ecutive assistant. "Special thanks for ners network. num Foundation. supporting the 1999 workshops goes "Our training workshops empha-to Jeanette Larson and her staff at the Family Literacy Workshops Held size the importance of meaningful, Texas State Library and Archives Com- in Texas and Louisiana ongoing partnerships with othermission, Marsie Cate of the New "I left the workshop with renewedyouth and family-serving agencies,"Mexico Center for the Book and Gale enthusiasm" was a common commentsaid project coordinator Virginia H. Criswell of the State Library of Louisi- on participant evaluation sheets forMathews. "This year we emphasized ana," said Ms. Boni. two family literacy workshops spon-the connections between literacy and Both workshops opened with dra- sored by the Center for the Book thishealth and between literacy and at-riskmatizations and storytelling perfor- summer. With funding from the Vibur-behavior. I was pleased that our speak-mances. In Texas, Anita Rizley of the num Foundation and held in coopera- ers representing health providers andAustin Public Library introduced a tion with state library agencies andjuvenile justice received excellentperformance of "Beauty and the local literacy organizations, the work- evaluations. We are trying to demon-Beast" by the Hand-to-Mouth The- shops took place in Austin, Texas, onstrate the practical truth in what theatre. Next, with theater director Ellen Aug. 19-20, and in Baton Rouge, La., World Health Organization recentlyScott and Amanda Williams, a con- on Aug. 26-27. About 100 people tooksaid about health itself: that it encom-sultant to the Central Texas Library passes physical, mentalSystem, she led a discussion about and social well being using puppets with children. In not merely the absenceLouisiana, the Playmakers of Baton of disease or infirmity." Rouge, led by Pabby Arnold of the In 1998 the ViburnumEast Baton Rouge Parish Library, Foundation awarded thedemonstrated how books could be Center for Book a three-brought to life through drama. Ms. Criswell led the discussion. Both programs on the second day Virginia Mathewsstarted with a presentation by Ms. (center) with ValeriMathews: "Kids Can't Wait for Fam- McElligott and Karenily Literacy and Libraries," which in- Carbajal of the Mori-cluded the viewing of a short video arty (N.M.) Publicand a discussion. Specific topics were Library. addressed next, featuring presenta-

278 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 290 0

z tions and discussions led by differentand Family Literacy, speakers who represented variousTexas Education Agen- segments of the local community.cy; Betty Carter, Pro- Topics and speakers at each work-fessor of Library Sci- shop are listed below. ence, Texas Women's What We've Learned, What We NeedUniversity; Renee to Know About Partnerships. Austin: Yocum, Chickasaw Re- Valeri McElligott and Karen Carbajal,gional Library System, Moriarty Library Moriarty, N.M.; JereTishomingo, Okla., Rolf, Bureau of Child Health, Texasfacilitator. Baton Rouge: Department of Health; Susan Roman,Shirley Williams, Head American Library Association, facil-Start State Collabora- itator. Baton Rouge: Mary Hedrick,tionOfficer,Baton Shelby County Libraries, and Char leenRouge; Pam Wall, State Warren, Baptist Medical Center,Literacy Resource Cen- Alabama; Lois Roberts, Statesboroter,BatonRouge; Regional Library, Georgia; RachelMargaret Murray, De- Hausmann, Family Health Center,velopmentServices, Baton Rouge General Hospital; AnnieMississippi Library Lucas Brown, Public Library Services, Commission;Molly K. Samperto Alabama State Library, facilitator. Kinney, State LibraryLiteracy award winners Greg Williamson, Sheila More Connections: Literacy, Librariesof Georgia, facilitator. Murphy, Cecilia Rouse and Garrett Murphy out- and Prevention. Austin: District Court side the Montpelier Room. Judge Wilford Flowers, Austin; GaryLiteracy Coalition Stailey, chief probation and parole of- Meets at the Library are Virginia H. Mathews and Susan ficer, New Mexico; Christy Ball, Silver On Sept. 9, in the Library's Montpe-Roman, executive director of the Asso- City Library, N.M.; Jennifer Sauter,lier Room, the Center for the Bookciation for Library Service to Children Connections Resource Center, Austin,co-hosted the National Coalition for(ALSC). Published by the Center facilitator. Baton Rouge: Judge Kath-Literacy Awards Dinner. Advancementfor the Book in cooperation with leen Stewart-Richey, Juvenile Court,for Literacy Awards were announcedHead Start and ALSC, the 295-page Baton Rouge; Beverly Allen-Vincent,for Sens. Edward M. Kennedy (D-volume is available for $6.50 from the librarian, Jetson Correctional Center forMass.) and Patty Murray (D-Wash.), American Library Association (ALA). Youth, Baton Rouge; Dona Herring-two of the Senate's strongest literacyContact ALA Order Fulfillment, (800) Smith, Public Library, Homewood,supporters. Coalition chair and 545-2433 x7. Ala.; Virginia Mathews, facilitator. Laubach Literacy Action Executive Resources for Family Literacy Pro-Director Peter Waite also presentedCorrection grams: Policy, Materials, Volunteers,awards to five "unsung heroes" in The correct Web site address for Additional Funding, Sites and Facilities,literacy promotion: Garrett Murphy,the eighth annual SHARP conference Transportation and Outreach, Publicity.National Council of State Directors(LC Information Bulletin, October Austin: Jo leen Montoya, Rocky Moun-of Adult Education; Sheila Mur- 1999)is www.uni - mainz.de /FB/ tain Youth Corps, N.M.; Beth Annphy, Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest; Jane Geschichte/buwi. Bryan, Governor's Business Council Oates, education adviser, office of Sen. and the Texas First Lady's FamilyKennedy; Cecilia Rouse of Princeton Literacy Initiative; Jeanette Larson,University, former special assistant to Library Development Division, Texasthe president, the White House; and State Library and Archives Commis-Greg Williamson, education adviser, sion; Anita Roesler, Community Ser- office of Sen. Murray. vices Coordinator, Oklahoma City; Lorie Ochoa, Family Literacy Center, Head Start to Literacy University of Texas at Austin, facilita- A Library Head Start to Literacy: The tor. Baton Rouge: Janie Starks, Part-Resource Notebook for the Library- nerships in Child Care/Volunteers ofMuseum-Head Start Partnership con- America; Dianne Brady, Prime Time, tains practical ideas and information Louisiana; Lucille McDowell, Louisi-about how Head Start teachers, par- ana Public Broadcasting Patsy Perritt,ticipants and parents can promote School of Library and Information Sci- family literacy through collaborations ence, Louisiana State University; Gale with librarians and museum special- Criswell, facilitator. ists who serve children. The result of a Measuring and Evaluating Outcomes: major Center for the Book-Head Start How, and Who Needs to Know? Austin: project in 1992-1997, the book has been Gwen Chance, Texas Head Start Coor-distributed to Head Start programs dinator; Effie Franklin, Even Startthroughout the country. Its authors momOo Tramomo Same.

NOVEMBER 1999 279 2 91 THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF AVE. PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID BULK RATE PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE DC $300 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN ISSN 0041-7904 If youaddresstothis the wishpublication above label to be address. and removed check return. If here changefrom the is mailingrequired list enter for on and return this page 0220306Syracuse Only 005 Eric4-194CIJE Clearinghouse CoordinatorCenter for Sci on Info/Tech F., Tech r 292 Syracuse NY 13244-4100 r 293 Monica 11SHOf; Joan CONGRESS BICENTENNIAL Monica The LIBRARY of CONGRESS ORYX nformaton LIBRARIES CREATIVITY LIBERTY B3u et Vol. 58, No. 12 December 1999

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Gifts to the Nation BEST COPYAVAILABLE 04- LIBRARY OR CONGISESS BICENTENNIAL InformationTheLIBRARY of CONGRESS Bulletin LIBRARIES cRENrIVITY LIB ERTy JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 58, No. 12 December 1999 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:The Library has been the beneficiary of many gifts over the years, including these rarities. For a description of

aftri the items pictured, see page 293. Cover Story:Throughout its history, the Library has relied on Ij the generosity of donors to build its unparalleled collections. The Bicentennial Gifts to the Nation program is an effort to acquire materials that belong in the nation's library, which will share them with the American people. 292 Award Winning Web Site:The Library's National Digital 284Library Program won a GII Award for best educational site. 283 Freedom's Artist:A new exhibition of the work of Arthur Szyk has opened. 283 New Entries in the Registry:Dr. Billington has named 25 more

ON, films to the National Film Registry. 284 Feats of Strength:Actor Christopher Reeve was interviewed at the Library. 285 Bicentennial Background:Knowledge as a key to democracy is s one of the principles on which the Library was founded. 286 Conservation Corner:A Mexican choral book from the 1500s 285poses special problems to paper and book conservators. 288 Eisenhower's Scribe:Geoffrey Perret discussed his new book on the 34th president. 290 World Blind Union Meets:The international organization for the blind met at the Library this fall. 291 The Historical Novel:A book on the work of Herman Wouk has been released by the Library. 294

ora_ri_iEsn, Report on Kosovo:Ambassador Wolfgang Petritsch delivered the fourth Vienna Lecture in November. 295

.4..maltiWo21,,T, riga Writers Speak:Authors Claudio Magris and Gloria Kaiser spoke at the Library in separate fall programs. 296 II =-652gclua. mucrfuarre_ A.Was. Legal Friends:The Board of Directors of the Friends of the Law Library of Congress met this fall. 297 288News from the Center for the Book 298

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued monthly by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov / today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Av- enue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the LC Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail lcib @loc.gov. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor 292 JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer

BESTCOPYAVAILABLE S.2 'ir.4:1M;k01 ,,ik; 7.> Library Wins GII Award Web Site Recognized for Educational Achievement

BY GUY LAMOLINARA The award was accepted in San Other winners were: On Dec. 14 in San Francisco, theFrancisco by Susan Veccia, manager College of Computing, Library was recognized at thefor educational projects of the NDL Arts and Culture category fourth annual Global Information In-Program. MaMaMedia, Children category frastructure (GII) Awards as the win- The GII Awards program is a non- E*Trade Group, Commerce ner of the best Web site in Education. partisan,private-sectorinitiative category Ziff-Davis's GII Awards are thesponsored by leading corporations, Join Together/Boston Univer- world's leading forum to define,organizations, publishers and govern- sity School of Public Health, recognize and promote best prac-ment agencies. Community category tices and new models in the applica- "The GII Awards honor people in As If Productions, tion of Internet and network tech-all areas of society and industry Entertainment category nology. The honor, awarded to thewho use the Internet to create ex- Office of Information Resources Library's National Digital Librarytraordinary results, from making Management, Enterprise Program, was presented at a cer-money to making a difference," said Information Management emony at the Westin St. Francis Ho-Melanie McMullen, general man- Division, EPA, Government tel in San Francisco on the eveningager of the GII Awards and The category of Dec. 14, in conjunction with the Standard for Internet Commerce. "The BabyCenter, Health category Nextravaganza conference, part ofLibrary of Congress is a visionary Garden.com, Netpreneur ZD Studios' Internet.inc series. institution that exemplifies best category "On behalf of the Library's hard-practices and an innovative model Cygnus Publishing, Inc. and working staff, I am honored to ac-in a new era of knowledge and com- Cool/ Writer Internet, cept this prestigious award," saidmunication." News and Media category Dr. Billington. "The National Digital The fourth annual GII Awards rec- "This award reinforces the Library's Library Program, with the help ofognized achievement in 10 categoriesefforts to use technology to make its col- Congress and private donors, is"that are central to the way people lections as useful as possible to all Ameri- leading the way to the next millen-live, work and play": Arts and cans," said Laura Campbell, director of nium by providing unique, highCulture; Children; Commerce; Com- the NDL Program. "All the hundreds of quality educational content formunity; Education; Entertainment; LC staffers who have worked to make our Internet users throughout theGovernment; Health; Netpreneur;Web site a leader in providing educa- nation and the world." and News and Media. tional content share in this honor."

n orsesp am inpaWn. isoursOl Ial asmasranuta smelts anqutits oigorses assecuri supon oans,provi eitty arep e st pu ici ilgalmAigefettrmasclier Simseltunderoatbso)earing Isere celJei tgellorteassecurits,intnisManaknoAdgeof Otrgone,ons slassIofen34)t9ncounter leitinkraiasitemykforbid tbt officers of ourtnint,constituted inourdomains,toproceedo Artist for ,anorderfromusorourcou nt paratme.ortoltbout info tmalion giVentembsresponsibfecitizens3Npontgecnes 1,an4is4ristian neigbbors do notttouble teni sefUestosuccourgiminlpsneaeacnoltgeseesristianneis Igagevhsgaft be permilea to Pyandserfacrs son of goods,anaprof ntherebs,ontly same footing asegrisIT sour WilitgaltStabollt oral nanc es sljeft remain Alidforaff timeAt present cbarter,5ufg sawn Freedom ttgevhibeitisehl2s,tovibom it Wine a post)erfut 410.1 nvIlnesstgereof: Countira Unf Iltatgias, caStettan of ,Ceani ea; Count Czestas,cupbearer of !Win; Counter tbeciipilafisint day of Ige/kmu mptionofteltessetUir fnittary,in ing tte riOtsoftolas and* statutes granted Igembsourpreluessors,sel Szyk Exhibition Opens sposeatMardtlyjustpetition ofour2as, Wegereissrepeassonfiren,ad otttitse presents are insltstt d ethlg curse all)one in Cratos,), n present ourforas,Spicirnir, =Mot Cram Os; Risezgnius he Library of Congress celebrates the recent fRriviloSande and under-cgambtrfain of Cracc409; an n 1 acquisition of several important original cosq.CasimirCC tateeft sum tread*. ftailr du tote arise works by Polish American artist and illustrator atc_' Arthur Szyk with an exhibition in the Swann Gal- lery. The exhibition, "Arthur Szyk: Artist for Free- dom," curated by Harry Katz, closes on May 6, 2000. The gallery, located adjacent to the Visitors' Center in the Jefferson Building, is open to the public free of charge from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Mon- day through Saturday. An overview of the exhibition will appear in the January 2000 issue. 40

Detail of Statut de Kalisz, signed in 1264 by the Grand Duke of Poland to affirm Jewish liberties. Illustrated by Arthur Szyk in 1928.

DECEMBER 1999 283 EST COPY AVAILABLE trop

s Preserving the Silver Screen Librarian Names 25 More Films to National Film Registry

Dr. Billington has announced his 1 annual selection of 25 motion Films Named to the pictures to be added to the National National Film Registry -1999 Film Registry. (See list, right.) This Civilization (1916) r. group of titles brings the total number Do the Right Thing (1989) of films placed on the Registry to 275. The Docks of New York (1928) Under the terms of the National Duck Amuck (1953) Film Preservation Act, each year the Librarian of Congress names 25 The Emperor Jones (1933) "culturally, historically or aestheti- Gunga Din (1939) cally" significant motion pictures to In the Land of the Head-Hunters the Registry. The list is designed to (a.k.a. In the Land of the reflect the full breadth and diversity War Canoes) (1914) of America's film heritage, thus Jazz on a Summer's Day (1959) increasing public awareness of the King: A Filmed Record ... richness of American cinema and the Montgomery to Memphis (1970) need for its preservation. The Kiss (1896) "Taken together, the 275 films in the Kiss Me Deadly (1955) National Film Registry represent a Lambchops (1929) stunning range of American filmmak- Laura (1944) ing including Hollywood features, Master Hands (1936) documentaries, avant-garde and ama- My Man Godfrey (1936) teur productions, films of regional Night of the Living Dead (1968) interest, ethnic, animated and short The Plow that Broke the Plains film subjects all deserving recogni- (1936) tion, preservation and access by future Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) generations. As we approach the millennium, the Registry stands among Roman Holiday (1953) it the finest summations of American The Shop Around the Corner cinema's wondrous first century" said (1940) Dr. Billington. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) The Librarian chose this year's titles The Ten Commandments (1956) after evaluating more than a thousand Trance and Dance in Bali (1938-39) titles nominated by the public and The Wild Bunch (1969) following intensive discussions, both Woman of the Year (1942) with the distinguished members and alternates of his advisory body, the Na-New to the National Film Registry tional Film Preservation Board, whom (from top): "A Streetcar Named De- the Librarian consults both on Registrysire," "Night of the Living Dead," film selection and national film preser-"Laura,""TheTen Commandments" vation policy, and the Library's ownand (below) "Roman Holiday." Motion Picture Division staff. Dr. Billington added, "I am especially pleased that several Registry titles this year resulted from public input gathered through the "Candidates for the National Film Registry" screen- ings here in Washington." "Our film heritage is America's living past. It celebrates the creativity and inventiveness of diverse communities and our nation as a whole. By preserving American films, we safeguard our history and build toward the future," said the Librarian. continued on page 289

284 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Challenges of Endurance Christopher Reeve Interviewed at the Library

BY KATHLEEN CASSEDY introduced Reeve. ChrisChristophertopher Reeve enjoyed early The interview was as an actor and became aco-sponsored by the full-fledged movie star after success-Library's Disability Em- fully portraying the comic strip heroployment Program, and Superman in a series of four Holly-in part by a generous wood movies made in the late 1970scontribution of Ever- and '80s. "I feel privileged to havegreen Aviation and its been the custodian of that characterchairman, Dale Smith. who is so important to American cul-The program's inter- ture," he remarked during a colloquyviewer, Walter Ander- on Oct. 26, which was part of Paradeson, editor of Parade magazine's "It's About Time" seriesmagazine,conceived with individuals whose lives and lead-the series. ership have influenced culture at the Mr. Anderson asked end of this century. Mr. Reeve why he be- Each program was conducted beforecame an actor. The an- audiences in the Coolidge Auditoriumswer was simple, yet in the Jefferson Building and recordedprofound: acting was for the Library's archives as a perma-paramount. "I had to N. Alicia Byers nent record of what people thoughtbe [an actor],"Mr. Actor Christopher Reeve was interviewed at and felt at the end of the 20th century.Reevesaid, becausethe Library Oct. 26. (An earlier program featured Michael "theater is love of lan- Eisner, CEO and Chairman of the Waltguage and ideas, and it's also a placeand won six Cable Ace Awards. He is Disney Co. See LC Information Bulletin, where you can safely express yourcurrently preparing production for a November 1999). feelings and your emotional life. Thisromantic film, "Heartbreakers," that he Mr. Reeve was strong, agile andwas very important for me growingwill direct this spring in New York City. active when, in 1995, his life took itsup. [It was] a safe place to explore Ever since high school, Mr. Reeve own dramatic turn: an equestrian acci-what I had inside." has been politically active. As president damaged his spinal cord, paralyz- Mr. Reeve considers himself verydent of the Creative Coalition, an arts ing him from the diaphragm down atlucky because he has been able to con-organization concerned with First age 38. "In face of initial despair, Mr. tinue his career following the accident.Amendment issues, he actively Reeve's wife, Dana, reminded him,He was recently cast as the lead in thefought censorship. Now his passion 'You are still you,' and with her sup-remake of the Hitchcock film classicis aimed at calling attention to the port and the support of family and"Rear Window," which had starredpopulation explosion and fighting friends, doctors and total strangers,Jimmy Stewart as a man temporarily"medical injustices." As vice chair- Christopher Reeve became a powerfulbound to a wheelchair. Mr. Andersonman of the National Organization for advocate for people with disabilitiesdescribed how, for one scene, Mr.Disabilities (NOD), he works to and increased funding for medicalReeve insisted that his tube, which heimprove the quality of life for the research," recounted Donald L. Scott,needs for breathing, be cut so that hedisabled. NOD helped to pass the Deputy Librarian of Congress, as hecould realistically gasp for air. "I tell1999 Work Incentives Improvement that story be-Act, which allows people with cause of yourdisabilities to return to work and commitment tostill receive disability benefits. Now detail, to reality,NOD is working to change medical to truth, to act-insurance policies that put a $1 ing," Mr. An-million cap on insurance claims. derson said. "It sounds like a lot [of money] un- Since his acci-til you have a devastating illness or dent, Mr. Reevecondition, then you go through that directed his firstin two or three years. We're fighting film, "In thevery hard to get caps raised to $10 Gloaming,"million, which is not an unreason- N. Alicia Byers which wasable burden by the insurance compa- Parade Editor Walter Anderson interviewed Mr. Reevenominated fornies," Mr. Reeve said. "The reason on the stage of the Library's Coolidge Auditorium. five Emmys continued on page 289

DECEMBER 1999 285 BICENTENNIAL CORNER lees J Bicentennial Background LIBRARY01 OLRESS1800 2000 `A Republic Which Rests Upon the Public Intelligence

BY JOHN Y. COLE Other Programs sium on "Informing Congress and the owledge as a key to democracy is Symposia, exhibitions, publicationsNation." Historian Merrill Peterson nne of the principles on which the and the issuance of a U.S. commemo-will discuss Congress and the nation Library of Congress was founded, andrative stamp and two commemorativeduring the middle years of the 19th its Bicentennial programs highlightcoins honoring the institution will alsocentury in his keynote address. Sub- the active role the institution playsmark the Library's 200th birthday.sequent panels and presentations in fulfilling its mission to make itsImages of the Jefferson Building areinvolving historians, former members resources "available and useful tofeatured in both the postage stamp andof Congress and journalists will discuss Congress and the American people."the two coins that will be issued onthe evolution of services to Congress These programs include: April 24, the Library's 200th birthday.and changing perceptions of Congress The stamp features a photographand the "informing function" itself. Local Legacies of the interior of the Main Reading There are now more than 1,000 Local Room's dome, an image that symbol- Legacies projects taking place in everyizes the universality of knowledge re- state and the District of Columbia. This flected in the Library's collections and effort, cosponsored by the U.S. Con-in the Main Reading Room's iconogra- gress and the Library, is engaging vol-phy. The two commemorative coins unteers to document the cultural tradi-highlight the building's exterior, par- tions that make their area unique. Aticularly the dome and the "Torch of portion of this documentation will beLearning" at its apex. sent to the Library for permanent residence in the American Folk life Center, The Library and Democracy: and in May 2000, all members of Con-Looking Ahead to 2000 gress and Local Legacies participants Thomas Jefferson's 1815 statement will be invited to the Library to cel-about why Congress should buy his ebrate their contributions. A selectionwide-ranging personal library of the Local Legacies materials eventu- "There is, in fact, no subject to which ally will be available on the Library'sa member of Congress may not haveWisconsin's Sen. Robert M. La Web site, so they can be seen by all. occasion to refer" has shaped theFollette, who sponsored the Library's philosophy of sharing its col-amendment in 1941 that estab- Gifts to the Nation lections as widely as possible. lished the Library's Legisla- The Gifts to the Nation Program, in Thus it is fitting that an early contri-tive Reference Service (now which donors are helping the Librarybution to the events of 2000 comes from Congressional Research Ser- acquire rare and important materialsthe Congressional Research Service,vice); in the Great Hall of the for its collections, will enable the insti-which, on Feb. 29 March 1, continuesJefferson Building is Elihu tution to make these items many ofthis Jeffersonian theme with a sympo-Vedder's mural, Government. which are in private hands much more accessible. National Digital Library (NDL) Program The continuing expansion of the NDL Program (www.loc.gov) is another effort to share the riches of the nation's library with all Americans by making available on-line more than 5 million items relating to American history. Yet the Library is not merely celebrating its own birthday. The Bicen- tennial theme "Libraries, Creativity, Liberty" reminds Americans that all libraries are the cornerstones of

democracy. Architect of the Capitol

286 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN The next week, March 6-10, the Law Library takes the lead in the Bicenten- nial symposium "Democracy and the Rule of Law in a Changing World Order." Cosponsored with New York University and organized in cooperation with the Library's Office of Schol- arly Programs, this conference will focus in part on the Library's increasingly important role as an international resource for law and public policy. A major event on April 24 will be the opening of the exhibition "Thomas Jefferson." It will explore Jefferson's "dreams of the future" through books and documents that influenced him as well as the works that he produced,The transfer of the Declaration of Independence from the drawing on the Library's unparalleledState Department to the Library via mail wagon on Sept. collection of Jefferson material. The30, 1921; the Library's statue of James Madison by Walker exhibition's last area will present theHancock. The nation's fourth president is memorialized in the library that Jefferson sold to the LibraryLibrary's Madison building. of Congress in 1815. It will integrate existing volumes with replacement(largely through copyright deposits) be Each Librarian of Congress since books, acquired as Bicentennial "Giftsshared with all citizens, for the UnitedPutnam has found ways to emphasize to the Nation," and representations ofStates was "a Republic which reststhe Library's role as a cornerstone of volumes still needed to re-create theupon the public intelligence." Once thedemocracy. A wartime Librarian (1939- personal library at the core of Jeffer-Jefferson Building opened to the public1944), Archibald MacLeish, spoke son's "genius." The exhibition's accom- in 1897, the Library's collections andeloquently about the importance of panying 176-page hardcover book,services could be shared fully with thelibraries, librarians and the Library of with an introduction by Garry Wills,people. The building itself is repleteCongress in preserving democracy. will be published by Viking Studiowith works of art, quotations and in-One of his many projects was the cre- Press in cooperation with the Library. scriptions celebrating both knowledgeation in 1941 of a "democracy alcove" Three other Bicentennial publica-and democracy. Among the most no-in the Main Reading Room, a place tions are under way. Each, in its owntable and conspicuously located art-where "readers may find the classic way, celebrates the Library's uniqueworks (above the entrance to the Maintexts of the American tradition," along connection through Congress and theReading Room from the Great Hall) are with the writings of American states- legislative branch to the American Elihu Vedder 's five small but stunningmen, "analyses of the theory and prac- people. In April 2000 Yale Universitypaintings about "Government" and itstice of democracy" and related works. Press will publish America's Library:vital links to learning. The dedication of the Library's third The Story of the Library of Congress, LibrarianofCongress Herbertmajor building on Capitol Hill as the 1800-2000, by James Conaway. A newPutnam (1899-1939) made the Librarynation's memorial to James Madison guidebook, The Nation's Library: Thethe home of many of America's sacredand the subsequent "renaming" of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.,political documents. In 1903 he per- other two buildings in honor of Thomas by Alan Bisbort and Linda Barrett suaded his friend President TheodoreJefferson and John Adams was a project Osborne, will be published later in theRoosevelt to issue an executive order spearheaded by Librarian of Congress year by Scala Books. A one-volumetransferring the records and papers ofDaniell. Boorstin (1975-1987). reference work, The Encyclopedia of thethe Continental Congress and the per- Since the early 1990s, Dr. Billington Library of Congress, edited by thissonal papers of Washington, Madison,has led the Library in projects focusing writer and Jane Aikin, will be pub-Jefferson, Hamilton, Monroe andon "democracy-building" in other lished in late 2000 or early 2001. AllFranklin to the Library from the Statecountries. First the Library provided three books are being developed andDepartment. In 1921 the Declaration ofadvice to parliamentary libraries in published in cooperation with theIndependence and the U.S. Constitu-the emerging democracies of Eastern Library's Publishing Office. tion were transferred to the Library,Europe and the former Soviet Union. where they were displayed in aRecently, the Russian Leadership Pro- The Library and Democracy: "shrine" in the Great Hall from 1924gram (www.loc.govlrlp) has brought Some Milestones until 1952, when the two documentsemerging political leaders from most Ainsworth Rand Spofford, Librarianwere transferred to the Nationalof the Russian Federation states and of Congress in 1864-1897, appliedArchives. In 1925, in his new book, Epicrepublics to the United States to wit- Jefferson's concept on a grand scale andof America, historian James Truslowness democracy in action. permanently linked the Library's legis-Adams paid an elaborate tribute to the lative and national functions. It was Library, which he saw "as a symbol ofJohn Cole is director of the Center of the imperative, Spofford felt, that the greatwhat democracy can accomplish on its Book and co-chair of the Bicentennial national collection he was developingown behalf." Steering Committee.

DECEMBER 1999 287

3 C 0 Conservation Corner Mexican 1500s Choral Book Poses Questions

BY MARK ROOSA Music Division of the Library of Con-sive residues from patches were re- The second edition of the 1576gress, copies are held by Bibliotecamoved with local application of tepid Graduale Dominicale, a large choral Nacional in Mexico, by the Newberrywater. The book was bathed in an alka- book, is posing questions to paperLibrary in Chicago, and in privateline bath to leave an alkaline reserve, and book conservators as it undergoeshands in Mexico. which prolongs the life of the paper. conservation treatment. The 420-page book was printed on aTears were then mended using wheat The book is being conserved be-woodblock press near Mexico City instarch paste and strong Japanese paper, cause the text block was separated the workshop of Antonio de Espinosa,while losses were filled with acrylic- from the covers and the patched pagesa Spaniard, with the expenses paid bytoned Japanese paper. Patches that con- were dirty, discolored, stained and hadPedro Ocharte, a Frenchman. Printedtained writing were photocopied onto become stiffened with age. in red and black ink, it is remarkable fortoned Japanese paper to retain the "his- Received by the Music Divisionits large initial woodblock letters deco- torical fill," a Library conservation prac- in 1940 as a gift from the Friends ofrated with figures and symbols. tice designed to replicate as closely as Music in the Library of Congress, the The book shows a lot of use and a possible the previous repair treatments. Graduale Dominicale is the first 16thwide variety of repairs over the years, The handmade end papers and text century American musical imprint inincluding: block paper were not made by the the Library's collections. the title page and colophon hadsame manufacturer. However they are Said Music Division Chief Jon W.been replaced, from the same period, with the end pa- Newsom: "The Graduale is an early individual tears had been sewnpers probably French in origin, and the example of a liturgical book with mu-or darned, text block paper possibly originating sic published in many of the Spanish other tears, gaps and losses werein the New World, according to a fiber colonies, and it is among the first booksfilled with patches of stiff Western oranalysis. containing music printed in the Ameri-European paper, Although research is continuing, "As cas. The copy of the Graduale at the adhesives had caused damageyet, we don't have a corollary 16th cen- Library of Congress contains chants for and discoloration, and tury manuscript to make a comparison, the Proper of the Mass for the feasts of decorations were redrawn and so there are no conclusive findings. If it the Temporale for the whole liturgicaltext was filled in where parts of pageswas made in the New World, it is one of year from the first Sunday in Advent tohad been replaced. the earliest examples of a European- the 23rd Sunday after Pentecost." The job of the Library paper conser-style paper made in this hemisphere," With paper conservation mostlyvators was to restore flexibility to thesaid Senior Conservator Ann Seibert. complete save for the question ofstiffly rippled paper and mend the Paper was strictly controlled by the where the paper came from, conserva-tears and losses. Sewn repairs were leftSpanish crown in the 16th century. But tors at the Library and scholars inintact throughout the treatment. around the time this book was printed, Mexico are consulting about the mys- First, the volume was disbound. Thethe crown had given the earliest per- terious binding. pages were separated and the sewingmission to produce paper in the New There are four known copies of thewas removed. Then the pages wereWorld. "This may be an example of book. In addition to the one held by thewashed to remove old sizing, and adhe-that paper," said Ms. Seibert.

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Manta Glance Manta Glance Two views of the 1576 Graduale Dominicale: on the left, prior to restoration work, and at right, after initial debinding and paper treatment.

288 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BESTOOPVAVAILABLE *op

The watermarks are few and veryMexico at the time the book was cre- Another clue that the volume has simple in design, which would be un-ated. They also know that the monas-been rebound is evidence that a previ- usual for European paper of this time.teries where the book was probably re-ous decorated edge had been cut off. Also, the sizing made the paper verypaired over the years employed archaicThe paper appears to have been stiff, unlike the more refined European methods. However, on a private visittrimmed dramatically, in some cases papers of the time, she said. to Mexico, Ms. Seibert was shown byup to and including the printing. While Ms. Seibert searches for clues curators at the Centro de Estudio deIn their research, conservators saw as to the paper's origin, Senior BookHistoria de Mexico numerous worksslides of the copy held by the New- Conservator Mary Wootton's charge iscontemporaneous with Dominicaleberry Library, which has wide margins to create a culturally and historicallyGraduale consistently bound in limp before the type begins. In the Library's appropriate binding that will providevellum bindings. Limp vellum, whichcopy, one edge of the trimmed text good functionality to future research- was also used at the time in Europe,block had been decorated in red, as ers. To do so, Ms. Wootton is consulting was the predominant style in Mexico. witnessed by paper that had been with conservators over what appears to "We are deciding whether to repro-folded in and escaped trimming. be an anachronistic binding. At issue isducea European binding with Another puzzler is that the end whether to rebind it in a hardback Eu-wooden boards and clasps or to repro-papers and flyleafs pasted down on ropean style or a flexible Mexican style. duce what we have been led to under-the possibly newer boards appear to be The exact date of the binding andstand is more of the Mexican approachcontemporary with the printing of the whether it was original to the text isin the 16th century, which consisted ofbook rather than the bindings. unclear. One reason for believing thatflexible, or limp, vellum without It will take a bibliographic Sherlock the binding is not original is that there boards," said Ms. Wootton. Holmes to re-create the mysterious appear to be sewing holes from previ- Adding to the mystery of the paperhistory of the 443-year-old Graduale ous bindings in the spines of the folios.and binding are the missing originalDominicale. But after it is treated, it will The binding is of goatskin over wood-title page and colophon, or biblio-be available to researchers who might en boards laced on three leathergraphical data at the end of a book.do just that. Their findings would be thongs. Most specialists feel it is not anThey were replaced with manuscriptmusic to many ears. original but an 1800s replica usingcopies written on the back of a early techniques. monthly liturgical calendar. The copiesMr. Roosa is chief of the Conservation Conservators are aware of bothappear to have been made from a sec- Division. Yvonne French, a fellow in the Northern and Southern European in-ond edition of the book, but it is not Library's Leadership Development fluences on printing and binding inknown when they were made. Program, contributed to this report.

Film ominously, more films are lost eachmassive motion picture preservation continued from page 285 year through the ravages of nitrateprogram at Dayton, Ohio, or through deterioration, color-fading and the re-collaborative ventures with other "Despite the heroic efforts of ar-cently discovered 'vinegar syndrome,'archives, motion picture studios and chives, the motion picture industrywhich threatens the acetate-basedindependent filmmakers. The Library and others, America's film heritage, by[safety] film stock on which the vastof Congress contains the largest collec- any measure, is an endangered species.majority of motion pictures, past andtions of film and television in the Fifty percent of the films produced be-present, have been preserved," said Dr.world, from the earliest surviving fore 1950 and at least 90 percent made Billington. copyrighted motion picture to the latest before 1920 have disappeared forever. For each title named to the Registry, feature releases. Sadly, our enthusiasm for watchingthe Library of Congress works to For more information, please consult films has proved far greater than ourensure that the film is preserved forthe National Film Preservation Board commitment to preserving them. And,all time, either through the Library'sWeb site: www.loc.gov/film.

Reeve periods of time without using his tube, he explained. "They aren't larger than continued from page 285 and he has gained full sensation at thelife, they can't walk through walls. In base of his spine. He is also inspiredfact, they've got walls all around them, insurance companies do this is becauseby the hundreds of thousands of letters yet they accept, and they go forward to only 30 percent of people who arehe has received from people all overmeet incredible challenges of endur- denied essential services fight back." the world. ance. ... These people are my heroes." Mr. Reeve also chairs the Christo- While Mr. Reeve has been identified Mr. Reeve hopes "that in the next pher Reeve Paralysis Foundation,with the hero Superman, his owncentury, there will be greater under- which funds research for spinal-cordheroes are very different. They are the standing, greater tolerance and less of injury paralysis and afflictions of thepeople he has met in the hospitals and the profit motive that is driving [insur- brain and central nervous system. Mr. rehabilitation centers. They are "people ance] agencies." If the standing ovation Reeve says he feels very lucky becausewho have had to endure terrible catas-he received was any indication, his medical research is on the threshold oftrophes in their lives, and don't haveaudience felt the same way too. a cure for spinal injuries. His healththe resources they need to overcome has also been improving, so that he canthem. Yet they fight everyday for the Ms. Cassedy is a Washington free-lance move his diaphragm and breathe forbest quality of life they can manage," writer.

DECEMBER 1999 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 289 * 0

* Liking Ike Eisenhower Biographer Speaks at Library

BY JEFFREY FLANNERY trucks jolted over the rough ground Dwight David Eisenhower pre- below." sided over America's most im- According to the author, it was portant victories in World War II and Ike's vision that set him apart from the ending of the Korean War, and other military thinkers. During the provided leadership of the free world military demobilization following at the height of the Cold War. World War I, he recognized the tank Ike was famous for his ear-to-ear as the main land weapon of the next grin, which conveyed an easygoing war, and teamed up with George S. personality, but behind the grin was a Patton. Reading an excerpt from his determination and will to succeed that book, Mr. Perret characterized the catapulted him from modest begin- bond between the two officers as a nings to world leader. On Nov. 1, dur- passionate belief in the tank as a har- ing a noon lecture sponsored by the binger of the future battlefield: Library's Humanities and Social Sci- "Here I am, announced this messen- ences Division, author Geoffrey Perret ger in steel diapers, a being freshly presented a lively talk about his new created, yet I will shake the world biography, Eisenhower. Nattily attired and bring nations to their knees. My in a three-piece brown suit (Ike's favor- tracks are destiny. Where they go, ite color), Mr. Perret engaged an audi- Simsons of Beverley humanity will follow and water ence of more than 100 visitors andAuthor Geoffrey Perret and histhem with its tears." As time went staff, plus C-SPAN cameras, by evok-most recent work, Eisenhower on, Eisenhower also foresaw the ining penetrating images and challeng- tegrated role ground and air forces ing traditional assumptions about the would play on the battlefield. nation's 34th president. Success in World War II brought in- Geoffrey Perret served in the U.S. vitations from both major parties to Army and was educated at Harvard run for public office. Accepting the and the University of Southern Cali- 1952 nomination of the Republican fornia, where he was elected Phi Beta Party, Eisenhower was elected, and Kappa, and the University of Califor- then re-elected, to the presidency. Mr. nia at Berkeley. He is the author of 10 Perret believes Ike's accomplishments books, including Days of Sadness, Years as president are overlooked, and that of Triumph, a history of the homefront in Cold War strategy, civil rights and during World War II, and America in the economy he was a more active the Twenties. He has also written exten- and involved leader than previously sively on military subjects, including thought; he also believes that Eisen- A Country Made by War, a study of hower's successes were the result of American conflicts from the Revolu- his long-term thinking. tion to Vietnam, and There's a War to Be In his personal life, Eisenhower Won, an account of the U.S. Army in struggled to overcome the death of his World War II. His last two books have first-born son at an early age, and a been biographies of Ulysses S. Grant marriage that suffered from long peri- and Douglas MacArthur. He is a de- ods of enforced separation due to mili- voted user of the Library's facilities tary service. He was also extraordinar- and conducts much of his research in ily popular, said Mr. Perret, because the Library's various reading rooms,escape from small-town life. Mr. Perret "he identified with ordinary people so including the Main, Manuscript, andstressed Ike's role as innovator. Eisen-easily. The troubles that beset them Newspaper and Current Periodicalhower was responsible for trainingmarital problems, uneasy relation- reading rooms. tank troops during World War I. Hisships with their offspring, the death of Born into a lower middle-class fam-command initially suffered from a lack a child, strong competition within ily of six sons and raised in Abilene,of equipment, operating without the their profession or business, problems Kan., young Dwight Eisenhower wasbenefit of a single tank. Mr. Perret re-with money or ill health he had ex- imbued with traditional values ofvealed that an undeterred Eisenhower perienced all of these, despite his phe- thrift and hard work, chiefly imparted"trained men to become tank machine-nomenal success." by his mother. An appointment togunners by bolting down machine West Point in 1911 offered the dualguns to flatbed trucks, and had themMr. Flannery is a manuscript reference opportunities of a free education andpractice firing at targets ... while the librarian in the Manuscript Division. 290 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN World Blind Union Meets at Library Group Honors Asteroid Named After Louis Braille

BY ROBERT FISTICK importance of braille The World Blind Union, the interna- to blind individuals." 1 tional association representing the The lead discoverer world's blind individuals, met at theof asteroid Braille, Library of Congress from Sept. 30 toEleanor Helin of the Oct. 1 to hold its annual meeting of theJet Propulsion Labo- North America/Caribbean Region. ratory in Pasadena, Frank Kurt Cylke, director of the Na-Calif.; and the winner tional Library Service for the Blind andof the asteroid inter- Physically Handicapped of the Librarynational naming con- of Congress (NLS), hosted the meetingtest, Kerry Babcock, a in the Jefferson Building. Mr. Cylkesoftware engineer at presented World Blind Union Presi-the Kennedy Space dent Euclid Herie, chief executive of-Center,will, with ficer of the Canadian National InstituteMr. Herie, be featured for the Blind, with a commemorativespeakers at the Li- plaque honoring the naming of a newbrary's National Con- asteroid for Louis Braille, who invented ference of Librarians Jim Higgins the system of writing used by blind in-Serving Blind and Physically Handi- Frank Kurt Cylke (right), direc- dividuals throughout the world. capped Individuals, April 30-May 4,tor of the National Library Ser- All delegates to the international2000, in Los Angeles. vice for the Blind, presents a meeting also received copies of the Mr. Babcock's winning citation from plaque depicting a NASA plaque, which depicts a NASA artist'sthe Planetary Society, which spon-artist's conception of the Deep conception of the July 28 Deep Space / sored the worldwide contest, reads:Space 1 fly-by close to the As- fly-by near the asteroid Braille. "Louis Braille invented the braille lan-teroid Braille on July 28 (be- "The World Blind Union is particu-guage so those who could not seelow), to Euclid Herie, president larly pleased that the Internationalcould obtain knowledge and exploreof the World Blind Union. Astronomical Union approved nam-through the 'written' word. Likewise, ing this new asteroid in honor of Louisasteroid Braille provides knowledge Braille," said Mr. Herie. "Continuingabout our universe and its origins to world recognition of the importance ofthe people of Earth, who through Deep braille for blind individuals has beenSpace 1, are also able to explore and dis- one of the World Blind Union's mis-cover what previously they could not sions. We have been honored by the'see'." Mr. Babcock began to learn to Library of Congress for making avail- transcribe the braille system a few able this artist's rendering of the NASAyears ago and was so impressed with fly-by of the asteroid Braille. ThisLouis Braille's achievement that he plaque will reside in the national librar-named his daughter "Braille." ies of the members of the North "Inventions are the products of the America/ Caribbean region of thehuman mind," said Ms. Helin, who, as World Blind Union. It will be a re-discoverer, had the privilege of nam- minder to the people of the world of the ing the asteroid. "It is particularly appropriate to honor Brailleandhis inventionofa means of communication with the minds of humansDeep Space 1, in their own way, also who are otherwiseprovide a means for humans to 'see' limited in theirother worlds," she said. abilityto'see' the outside world.Mr. Fistick is head of the publications Spacecraft such asand media section of the NLS.

Delegates to the World Blind Union meeting in Jim Higgins the Jefferson Building's Wilson Room.

DECEMBER 1999 291 304_ A hand-painted Persian celestial wooden globe, ca. 1650, purchased for the Library by its private-sector advisory and support group, the Madison Council; the contents of Abraham Lincoln's pockets on the night he was assassinated, on display in the"American Trea- sures of the Library of Congress" exhibition, made possible by Xerox, and donated to the Library in 1937 by Lincoln's granddaughter, Mary Lincoln (sham. Gifts to the Nation The Library Shares Its Collections with the People

BY GUY LAMOLINARA came to the Library as gifts. These ma-future generations." The Library of Congress occupies aterials can now be shared with anyone The Library's curators have identi- unique place in American civiliza-having access to the Internet. fied these possible acquisitions. The tion. For nearly 200 years, it has With this in mind, and "to encour-Gifts to the Nation program is an collected and preserved the nation'sage participation in the Bicentennialopportunity to support the acquisition intellectual heritage. The collection ofby friends and donors, we are sponsor-of these important cultural legacies, as nearly 119 million items housed in theing a 'Gifts to the Nation program inwell as the work of the scholars and Library represents America's "creativewhich a gift to the Library of Congresscurators who bring them to life. legacy," and ranges from books, mapswill benefit our millions of patrons A very special undertaking is the and manuscripts to photographs, mo-nationwide," said Dr. Billington. "Weeffort to rebuild the original core of the tion pictures and music. have compiled a list of special acquisi-Library Thomas Jefferson's vast and Although since 1870 the law has re-tions aiming to enrich the collectionsdiverse personal collection which quired that every copyrighted "book,and make them available to the broad-he sold to Congress after the British pamphlet, map, chart, musical compo-est possible public." burned the U.S. Capitol, where the sition, print, engraving or photograph" Without its benefactors, the LibraryLibrary was housed, in 1814. Tragi- be sent to the Library, there are stillwould not have such treasures as thecally, in 1851, nearly two-thirds of many other materials that do not falldiaries of Orville and Wilbur Wright;Jefferson's library was destroyed in under this law but nonetheless belong the music of George and Ira Gershwin,another Capitol fire. Jefferson believed in the national library. Many of theseIrving Berlin and Leonard Bernstein;that there was "no subject to which a materials have been acquired throughthe outstanding Stern Collection ofmember of Congress may not have the gifts either through the generosity ofAbraham Lincoln materials, its largestoccasion to refer," and reconstructing the creator or owner of the material, or collection of manuscripts thehis wide-ranging collection, the scope through the beneficence of someoneNAACP archives; or the Rosenwaldof which is reflected in the current who has purchased the items for theCollection of rare illustrated booksLibrary of Congress holdings, will pro- collections. These gifts have benefited from as far back as the 15th century, invide new insights into the mind of one countless users of the Library's collec-addition to many other items. of our nation's greatest thinkers and tions, many of whom travel from "There are significant materials thereinforce the Jeffersonian principle across the country, even the world, toLibrary is seeking to strengthen itsupon which the Library of Congress gain access to these materials. collections; many of these can onlywas built that free access to informa- As its gift to the nation duringbe acquired through donations," saidtion and knowledge is one of the cor- its Bicentennial, the Library willAssociate Librarian for Library Ser-nerstones of democracy. make available on its Web sitevices Winston Tabb. "As with all col- A 1999 gift of $1 million from Jerry (www.loc.gov) 5 million items. A sig-lections, the Library will preserveand Gene Jones is supporting this nificant portion of these materialsthese gifts and make them available foreffort. The Joneses are members of the

292 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN

..k1A.1; AVA CI, Library's privatesector advisory The original ar- group, the James Madison Council,chives of Orville and which is headed by John Kluge. Wilbur Wright, which Other gifts include: includesallmaterial Thanks to the generosity ofdocumenting the cre- Edwin Cox, the Library has estab-ation of the world's first lished for the first time in its history anaviation company. This endowment specifically to supportcollection would add to these acquisitions. The "Americanthe Wright materials al- Legacy Endowment" will help ensureready in the Library of that important materials, especiallyCongress. those that tell the story of America's The first edition of past, will be held by the nation'sthe first map of Ken- library for study on site and through tucky, produced in 1784 the National Digital Library Program.by John Filson. This In an exchange of letters betweenmap includes Filson's Stonewall Jackson, Gen. Shields andstatement of apprecia- Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks in 1862, Jack- tion to Daniel Boone son discusses his refusal to exchangeand James Harrod, the Union prisoners because Union troopsfrontiersmen who fur- have been firing on his hospital staff.nished details on which Jackson letters are very rare, and thesethe map is based. letters have been purchased with the The Max Liebman help of Madison Council membercollectionof 16mm Alyne Massey. kinescopeprintsofThis self-portrait daguerreotype by Robert The Library's purchase of themore than 400 hours ofCornelius, Philadelphia, 1839, is believed to first American Haggadah, publishedoriginal 1950s television in 1837, was aided by a gift of Lenierprogramming, includ-be the first photograph of the human face. Temerlin of the Madison Council. Theing 140 original broad- haggadah a Hebrew liturgical text casts of "Your Show of Shows." chair in education at the Library begin- that is recited in the home during the The papers of Philip Roth (b.ning next year. The scholar filling this Passover meal is Judaism's most1933), one of the most important writ-position will contribute to the educa- beloved book. ers in America. tional initiatives of the National Digi- A Persian celestial globe on a The foremost collection of Heb-tal Library Program. wooden sphere, ca. 1650, was donatedraica in private hands an assem- "With our Gifts to the Nation pro- by the Madison Council. This is theblage of more than 10,000 items.gram the Library hopes to increase its only know Islamic globe in the UnitedAcquiring this collection would cata-already remarkable collections and States made of wood. pult the Library's Hebraica collectionsmake them even more responsive to The archives of dance legendinto the first rank of Judaica institu-the research needs of the nation," said Martha Graham, acquired through ations around the world and provide re-Mr. Tabb. grant from the Doris Duke Charitablesources to create a comprehensive and Foundation, contain the completeunique research center. For more information about the Library's manuscript, photographic and book col- The Library is also seeking dona- Gifts to the Nation program, contact Win- lections of the most important Americantions to create endowed chairs to cre- ston Tabb, Associate Librarian for Library choreographer of the 20th century. ate a scholarly community to mine and Services, at (202) 707-6240, or Norma A Bicentennial symposium, "De-put to use the great depth and scope of Baker, Director of the Development Office, mocracy and the Rule of Law in athe collections and share their knowl- at (202) 707 -2777. The Library's Bicenten- Changing World Order" has beenedge with the world. A gift from nial Web site (www.loc.gov/bicentennial) funded by Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Wel- Alexander Papamarkou is funding a also contains a Gifts to the Nation section. ters, Friends of the Law Library and New York University Law School. The Xerox Foundation, which On the Cover: funded the current exhibition "Ameri- Gifts to the Nation indude (clockwise from top left): a photo from the 1960s can Treasures of the Library of Con- civil rights photograph collection of James E. Hinton; the first page of the gress," will also support "World Trea- Book of Genesis from the Giant Bible of Mainz (Biblia Latina), a gift of Lessing sures of the Library of Congress," J. Rosenwald; signature illustration from the American Memory Web site, opening next spring. "We'll Sing to Abe Our Song: Sheet Music About Lincoln, Emancipation and On Nov. 18, during the fall meeting the Civil War from the Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana" (photo at the Library of the Madsion Council, illustration by Andrea Dillon); photographer Milton Rogovin's "Man with Library curators showed members a Baby," from the series "Buffalo's Lower West Side," 1972; and the manuscript of "Seven Anniversaries," Leonard Bernstein's glasses and the baton he used selection of items the Library is inter- to conduct his final concert in 1980 (photo by Jim Higgins). ested in acquiring:

DECEMBER 1999 3 6 BEST COPY AVAILABLE The Words of Wouk Novelist Honored in New Library Publication rr he Historical Novel: A Celebration of Essays by four publishers con- 1 the Achievements of Herman Wouk stitute "Historical Fiction in the Mar- has just been published by the Library ketplace": Brigitte Weeks ("Why of Congress. Edited by Barbara A. HISTORICAL Do We Read Historical Novels?"), Paulson, the book is based on discus- William D. Phillips ("Is the His- sions about the nature of historical torical Novel Selling?"), Emilie fiction and tributes to Herman Wouk NOVEL Buchwald ("Publishing and Market- that took place at the Library of Con- ing Historical Fiction from the gress on May 15, 1995. Sponsored by HERMAN WOUK Perspective of a Literary Nonprofit the Center for the Book, the event Press") and Simon Michael Bessie marked the gift by Mr. Wouk to the ("The Role of the Publisher Is to Library of Congress of the manuscripts Applaud"). of five of his historical novels (Winds "History and the Novel" con- of War, War and Remembrance, Inside tains essays by historians and Chris- Outside, The Hope and The Glory). topher Collier ("Criteria for the His- During the day a distinguished ...a...n.1. Is . to. torical Novel as a Teaching Tool") group of 17 writers, historians, pub- and Martin Gilbert ("The Truth of lishers, and librarians discussed his- Historical Fiction") and columnist torical fiction as a genre and Herman and novelist William Safire ("The Wouk's achievements.. Their com- Sense of Scene"). ments have been edited for the book, Herman Wouk ("War and Re- which concludes with Mr. Wouk's af- membrance") and historians Darden ter-dinner address, "L'Envoi: A Per- Asbury Pyron ("Gone Withthe sonal Vision of the Historical Fiction to Wind. Novel and Film") David Which I Have Devoted Thirty Years." McCullough ("Accuracy and Imagi- The book, after introductions by Contributors to "Sources andnation") contributed to "The Histori- Center for the Book Director John Y.Resources for Historical Fiction" arecal Novel on Film," the concluding Cole and Editor Barbara A. Paulson,Jean Ashton of Columbia Universitysection of the book and the sympo- begins with remarks from biographer("ResearchInstitutionsandthesium itself. Robert Caro, who recalled his readingHistorical Novel") and Alice Birney of A 118-page book illustrated with of Mr. Wouk's The Caine Mutiny on the the Library of Congress ("Library ofblack-and-white photographs that New York subway. He also noted thatCongress Resources for Research ondocument the symposium, The any symposium on Herman Woukthe Historical Novel"). Historical Novel: A Celebration of was really "a symposium on the whole "The Historical Novel in Litera-the Achievements of Herman Wouk is 20th century " ture and Society" contains contribu-available for $9.95 from the Library The Historical Novel is divided intotions by novelists Alan Cheuseof Congress Sales Shop. Credit card five sections: ("Bringing History to Life"), Maryorders may be placed with the Sales Lee Settle ("LanguageShop by calling (202) 707-0204. and Memory") and The Center for the Book in the George Garrett ("His-Library of Congress was established torical Memory: Liv-in 1977 to stimulate public interest in inginaForeignbooks, reading and libraries. This Country"), and liter-celebration of the achievements ary scholars Jamesof Herman Wouk continues a series L.W. West III ("Theof Center for the Book events that Consequences of His-honor prominent citizens of the torical Fiction") andworld of books. For information

0 Andrew Delbancoabout the Center for the Book and ("Can Historical Fic-itsactivities,visitits Web site: tion Tell the Truth?"). www.loc.gov/loc/cfbook.

Dr. Killington and Herman Wouk during a symposium on the author's work held at the Library in 1995. A new book on Mir. Wouk's work is based on that symposium.

294 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVAILABLE 3 07 * 0 a

*..V11110'e-Nt. International Involvement Envoy to the Balkans Speakson Kosovo

BY PROSSER GIFFORD must take responsibility for the pro- Speaking to invited luncheon guests cess of tackling the underlying causes on Nov. 9, Ambassador Wolfgang for societal tensions an alien idea to Petritsch delivered the fourth annual many people who have never experi- Vienna Lecture. The series was initi- enced "civil society." ated as a way to provide an Austrian On Oct. 27, 1999, as High Representa- perspective on important European tive, he took an important step in laying issues. down property law reform and uni- This year's speaker, who is the Inter- form procedures for property reposses- national Community's High Repre- sion. This will enable thousands of refu- sentative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, gees and displaced persons to return to squeezed a visit to Washington be- their homes. A second crucial step is a tween his briefing of the Security reformed election law, which will pro- Council in New York and an immedi- vide accountability and transparency in ate return to Sarajevo. The mandate of the political process, enabling voters for the High Representative is to oversee the first time to select representatives by the civilian implementation of the name and personality (rather than sim- Dayton Peace Accord of 1995. ply by party). Candidates will have to Ambassador Petritsch, an Austrian come from and live in the region they career diplomat, was the European represent. The goal is to increase politi- Union's Special Envoy to Kosovo. He Ambassador Wolfgang Petritsch cal moderation and attention to issues addressed issues that are of crucial such as the economy, education and significance to Westerners: "How tional environment and establishinghousing, rather than a pre-occupation and for how long should the interna-the rule of law. "We need to be coura-with the past. tional community remain involved ingeous as well as creative." The Alba- Ambassador Petritsch ended his talk the Balkans?" His answer, in brief, wasnians must not be permitted to build awith a plea for an "international civil for a long time in order to build amono-ethnic state in Kosovo, he said.service" - police units and trainers, functioning civil society so that the"We need to shift the political dis-democratization and media experts, Balkan region can be integrated intocourse from historical claims, whichhuman rights monitors and ombuds- the European family of nations. What isconflict and contradict, to the needs ofmen. He believes that the necessary required is the building of a sustainablethe future, which overlap and comple-deconstruction of the myths of Balkan society capable of governing itself. ment." The first step is the full imple-history can only be achieved by a He argued that it is not enoughmentation of the Dayton accords. vibrant civil society that will deal with to rebuild the region's moribund Ambassador Petritsch said it will beits past objectively. economy. What is crucial is reform ofdifficult to overcome the "culture of the state and the establishment of hu-dependency" in Bosnia. He insistedMr. Gifford is the director of the Office man security reforming the institu-that the citizens of Bosnia eventuallyof Scholarly Programs.

ON THESE WALLS On These Walls .q/IA're7,tevtiMA. Qtioltaiyum.,M, //le AVAii vie //linir/ *17 Library Best-Seller Reprinted IT he Library has reprinted On These Walls: Inscriptions and Quotations in the 1 Buildings of the Library of Congress (1995) by John Y. Cole, the director of the Center for the Book. "It's the best-selling book in the Library Sales Shop," said retail marketing officer Anna Lee. "Visitors use it as they tour the buildings and love to keep it as a souvenir, especially of the Jefferson Building. Thenew printing of 10,000 copies will keep us in stock for a while." The well-illustrated 106-page book, which includesa comprehensive "Index and Guide to Names" compiled by Center for the Book Program Officer Maurvene D. Williams, is available for $8.50 from the Library of Congress Sales Shop, Washing- ton, DC 20540-4920. To order by credit card, call (202) 707-0204.

DECEMBER 1999 3(A 295 ines Italian Microcosms Author Magris Discusses His Work

BY ERIC SOLSTEN political and intellectual dissolution, the Haps- Tn a program co-sponsored by theburg Empire was able to forge from its diversity 'Italian Cultural Institute, the Em-an order and harmony in which such writers as bassy of Italy and the Library's Euro-Arthur Schnitz ler, Hugo von Hofmansthal, Karl pean Division, Italian writer ClaudioKraus, Franz Kafka and Joseph Roth could Magris presented his latest work, thrive. These writers were able to document this Microcosms, to a packed audience indissolution and reveal the existential predica- ,/ the Mumford Room of the Madisonment of individuals faced with the cultural crisis Building on Oct. 22. of a once monolithic social order. \\ Born in 1939, Mr. Magris began his Mr. Magris's first novel, Inferences on a Sabre, literary career in 1963 when, at the agewhich appeared in Italian in 1984 and in English of 24, he published his first book, Il mito in 1990, tells the story of Cossacks brought to absburgo nella letteratura austriacanortheastern Italy late in World War II by the moderna (The Hapsburg Myth in Modern Germans who told them they would be given a Austrian Literature). Working as a nov-new homeland there if they fought against the advancing Red Army. Eager for a homeland elist, essayist and professor of German Manfredi Belled literature at the University of Trieste,with borders, the Cossacks complied, only to be Claudio Magris throughout his career Mr. Magris hasbetrayed and slaughtered at war's end. continued to probe many of the sub- Mr. Magris's most critically acclaimed works jects central to his first book. He hasare Danube, published in Italy in 1986 and in the United States in 1989, and written that even as MitteleuropaMicrocosms, which was published in Italy in 1997 where it won the Strega Prize, (Central Europe) experienced a crisis of continued on page 297

Lecturer Links Austrian and Brazilian Authors

BY PROSSER GIFFORD work, The Royal Game describes whatpeatedly, and then when Communist On Nov. 9 Austrian prize-winningit is like to be deprived of all humanpolitical activity was forbidden in novelist Gloria Kaiser spoke in thecontact, living in a windowless room.Brazil, he left for Europe. Although his Pickford theater on the subject of "exileThe protagonist, Br. B., manages toexile was relatively brief, the experi- literature." keep sane by playing chess againstence changed him and his tactics. Ms. Using Stefan Zweig of Austria andhimself using the checkered bed-Kaiser quotes him as saying upon his Jorge Amado of Brazil as examples, shespread. Gloria Kaiser felt that thereturn, "Humor rather than political stressed the strong historical linksbook mirrored Zweig's personaldiscourse is the novelist's weapon to between Brazil and Austria, and theanguish"internal disequilibrium"fight against injustice and exploita- transforming experiences that affectedwas his description of beingtion." He wrote Gabriela in 1958 (also both of these enormously popular writ-deprived of his native language. about the cocoa-producing town of ers as a result of exile from their native Jorge Amado was forced to leaveIlheus), and it was an instantaneous countries. Brazil in 1948 because of his politicalsuccess. His new approach and tonali- Austrian writer Stefan Zweig, bornactivity. Born in Ilheus in northeasternties characterize all his later novels. in Vienna in 1881, wrote poetry, criti-Brazil in 1912, he spent his childhood Gloria Kaiser has done extensive re- cal essays, short stories and biogra-on his parents' cocoa farm. Sent awaysearch at the Library and has lectured phies, becoming one of the mostto Jesuit school at the age of 10, hehere on previous occasions. She also widely read authors writing ineventually rebelled, turned against awrites juvenile literature and plays and German during the 1920s and '30s.career as a lawyer and wrote his firstdoes readings for the Austrian national Forced to leave Austria by the Nazis novel at the age of 18. Three years later, broadcasting system. Her two most rein 1934, he chose to go to Brazil,he published Cacau, and the followingcent books Dona Leopoldina (1994) and where during the last year of his life year Suor ("Sweat"). Both of these nov-Pedro II (1997), treating the Hapsburg he wrote The Royal Game. In Februaryels told of the exploitation of the work-royalty who became rulers in Brazil, are 1942, with no end to his exile in sighters on the cocoa farms. In 1933, soonwidely read in Brazil. Both have been and overcome by depression, he andafter its publication, Cacau was banned translated into English and are avail- his wife, Lotte, committed suicide infor its socialist messages. (The Library able from the Ariadne Press. Petropolis, Brazil. of Congress has one of the very rare Written in a concise, spare lan-surviving copies.) Amado joined the Mr. Gifford is the director of the Office of guage, very different from his earlierCommunist Party, was arrested re- Scholarly Programs.

296 LC INFORMATION BULLETIN Magris the broader context of Italian and Eu-journey from life to death that figures continued from page 296 ropean literature. Professor Severinoin his books, he quoted a Hasidic prov- noted that in his latest book, a collec-erb: "Man comes from dust and Italy's top literary award; it is beingtion of essays not yet translated intoreturns to dust, but in the meantime published in English by HarvillEnglish, Mr. Magris wrote that thehe can drink a glass of wine." Press. Both books are written in thetask of the writer is to take ship- A constant theme in his writing, form of travelogues that rangewrecked, lives out of the water andMr. Magris said, was borders of widely through time and space."take them ,aboard a precariousevery kind:national,political, Danube follows the course of theNoah's Ark made of paper." This res-social, psychological and linguistic. Danube River from its origins to thecue attempt is a utopian one, butHe stated that his fascination with Black Sea; Microcosms begins and"utopia gives meaning to life be-borders no doubt stems from the fact ends in Trieste, with excursions tocause, contrary to any realistic expec-that he grew up in Trieste, which other areas of Italy, such as Turin. Ittation, it demands that life must haveis on the border between Italy and consists of a series of stories abouta meaning." Yugoslavia. As a very young child, memorable and well-defined charac- During a question-and-answer ses-he could travel eastward from ters, one of which was read by a pro-sion that followed the readings, Mr.Trieste, but with the creation of the fessional actress, Melissa O'Connor,Magris spoke about literature, otherIron Curtain after World War II, these in English. Mr. Magris read anotherwriters he has known and admiredwell-known areas suddenly were selection from the book in Italian. and the art of writing. He observedclosed to him. The program was introduced bythat "literature is a journey from the Mr. Magris noted that literature John Van Oudenaren, the chief of theknown to the unknown, and from thecan be a journey across borders of European Division, and Professorunknown to the known" and said thatany kind. Roberto Severino, chairman of theonly after he has written the first third Italian Department at Georgetownof a book does he know what he is Mr. Solsten is a reference librarian in University, who placed Mr. Magris inwriting. Speaking about the ultimate the European Division. Among Friends Law Library Group Holds Fall Meeting

By ANNE MERCER The Friends is a nonprofit The Friends of the Law Li- organization founded in 1932 1 brary of Congress held its by some of the country's most annual meeting of the Board of distinguished jurists. Today the Directors on Oct. 22 in the c membership includes attor- Madison Building offices of the neys, publishers, scholars and Law Library of Congress. Abe librarians across the nation Krash, president of the Friends, committed to support the pres- presided over the meeting, ervation and growth of the Law which drew members from as Library of Congress, the larg- far away as Austin, Texas, and est and most comprehensive New York City. . Board members (from left): Executive Di-source of legal information in Law Librarian Rubensrector Anne Mercer, President Abe Krash,the world. It currently has Medina presented his annualLaw Librarian of Congress Rubens Medina,holdings of more than 2.3 mil- report and brought the mem-Betty Southard Murphy, Paul Warnke, Johnlion volumes, foreign legal bers up to date on the projectJenkins, Kenneth Halajian, Kathleen Price, specialists to analyze and inter- for which they had providedCharles Mathias and Keith Ann Stiverson. pret the collection and its own the seed money, the upcoming digital initiative, the Global conference in March 2000, "Democ-board voted to make an additional giftLegal Information Network (GLIN), a racy and the Rule of Law in a Chang-to the Law Library to help defray thecooperative parliament-to-parliament ing World Order." The conference, co-costs of the project. legal database, as well as the National sponsored by the New York University Other items on the agenda includedDigital Library's award-winning legal School of Law, will bring togetherthe election of new officers to the Board,component, "A Century of Law- about 100 legal scholars, judges, legis-selection of a winner for the annualmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Con- lators and social scientists from juris-Wickersham Award, presented at thegressional Documents and Debates dictions all over the world to discussWickersham Award Dinner in March at 1774 -1873." the bearing of changing legal patternsthe Supreme Court, and a review of the on the relationships between law andFriends' mission statement in connec-Ms. Mercer is executive director of the democracy. Following this report, thetion with possible future programs. Friends of the Law Library of Congress.

DECEMBER 1999 , 297 13140 of vz

91aSs Newsfron)ifiefb*terfortheBook Massachusetts Center for the Book Approved

The Library of Congress has approved a proposal for a Massa- chusetts Center for the Book that will be affiliated with the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress. "We're delighted to welcome Massa- chusetts to our growing network of affiliated state centers," said Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole during an Oct. 15 reception at the Library of Congress celebrating the new state center. A collaborative effort among six Massachusetts organizations, the new center will be located at the Uni- versity of Massachusetts Amherst, one of the members of the Massachu- setts Center for the Book's Board of Governors. The other members are

the American Antiquarian Society, Jim Higgins the Boston Public Library, Five Col-Director of the Center for the Book John Cole (far left) with members leges Inc. (Amherst, Hampshire,of the new Board of Governors of the Massachusetts Center for the Mount Holyoke and Smith colleges,Book: David Tebaldi, Cora Marrett, Joseph Hopkins, John Hench, Diane along with the University of Massa- chusetts Amherst), the Massachu-Bell, Bernard Margolis and Margo Crist. setts Board of Library Commis- sioners and the Massachusetts Foun-has a Center for the Book," saidgram. John Kominski, former Library dation for the Humanities. Margo Crist, director of libraries forof Congress general counsel and a "It's been a complicated processthe University of Massachusettstrustee of the Massachusetts Friends and taken a few years, but we are de-Amherst, who represented the hostof the Library, was a special guest. lighted that Massachusetts finallyinstitution in the planning meetings.James Kelly of the University of Mas- "The unique partner-sachusetts Amherst Library, a driv- ship we have formeding force behind the creation of the will give a real boost toMassachusetts Center for the Book, all aspects of the book inspoke briefly, as did the following Massachusetts. We willrepresentatives of the new center's Ns" work with organiza-Board of Governors: John Hench, tions and individualsAmerican Antiquarian Society; Ber- throughout the com-nard Margolis, Boston Public Library; monwealth to stimulateDiane Bell, Five Colleges Inc.; Joseph widespread interest inHopkins, Massachusetts Board of books, authorship, pub-Library Commissioners; David Te- lishing, reading, librar-baldi, Massachusetts Foundation for ies and literacy and tothe Humanities; and Cora Marrett, encourage the study ofUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst. Ito the history, art and fu-A series of launching celebrations at ture of books." various locations throughout Massa- The Oct. 15 event waschusetts is being planned. sponsored by the Friends For information about the Massa- of the Library, Univer-chusetts Center for the Book, contact Jim Higgins sityof MassachusettsSharon Shaloo, Executive Director, The Center for the Book's Anne Boni with Amherst and the CenterDirector's Office, DuBois Library, John Kominski, former Library of Congress for the Book in theUniversity of Massachusetts, Am- general counsel and a trustee of the Massa- Library of Congress. Ms.herst, MA 01033, telephone: (413) chusetts Friends of the Library. Crist moderated the pro-545-2029, fax: (413) 545-6873.

298 31i LC INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

vP 61/ o NFIV

Center for the Book sionals from various states who were Receives Bicentennial.'307- 'recently recruited to participate in `Gift to the Nation' the project. Also, many of the workshops were conducted by veterans Madison Council member from participating states. Panels of Brian Heidtke, vice president professionals who were introduced of Colgate-Palmolive Co., and to the project last year in Baltimore his wife, Darlene, a former li- made presentations on topics such as brarian, have made a $250,000 "Involving Non-English Speakers," "Gift to the Nation" to sup- "A Second Look at Group Facilita- port the development of state tion" and "Opportunities for Pro- centers for the book affiliated gram Extensions." with the Center for the Book The reports from the 71 participants in the Library of Congress. were positive. Almost all states had Describing why he and hisFormer librarian Darlene Heidtke and hermet the goal of training 100 families in wife decided to establish thehusband, Brian Heidtke, vice presidentthe Mother Goose books and science State Center for the Bookof Colgate-Palmolive Co., have made a activities in the first year. More than Trust Fund, Mr. Heidtke said:gift to support state centers for the book. half the states exceeded this goal by "Darlene and I wanted our virtue of local fund-raising efforts, gift to help the Library of Con- which enabled them to purchase and gress promote grassroots readingVermont's 'Mother Goose' distribute more sets of books, activity and literacy projects in every part ofProject Begins Second Year guides and science kits. Reports from the country. We hope our gift will "Mother Goose Asks 'Why?'," thethe field also indicated that programs inspire others to join us in this effort." Vermont Center for the Book's familyhad been very successful in engaging "Brian and Darlene have beenscience and literature program that isdisadvantaged parents in reading and strong and loyal supporters of thefunded through a $1.5 million, three-informal science activities with their Center for the Book since they be-year grant from the National Sciencechildren. came Madison Council membersFoundation, held its second National Reviewing the tasks accomplished in 1991," said Center for the BookInstitute in Portland, Ore., on Sept. 23-and the work yet to be done, one par- Director John Y. Cole. "Their most26. Libraries in 14 states, includingticipant commented, "We have a moral recent donation, this generous "Giftnine state centers for the book and theresponsibility to provide access [to to the Nation" on the occasion of theDistrict of Columbia, are collaboratingbooks and ideas] to all. With the Library's Bicentennial, will make anon the project. Designed both to re-"Mother Goose Asks 'Why?"' pro- enormous difference in the Centerview the first year's work and to pre-gram, our mission has begun. Each for the Book's efforts to stimulate in-pare for the second year, the five-dayparticipant is touching the lives of a terest in reading. It will help usinstitute gave state teams the opportu-few and those few will tell others ... strengthen our current projects andnity to expand their understanding[This is all because] a few took a chance' help us encourage the creation ofofthisinformal science-through-on an idea and made it work." new centers in many states." children's-litera- The Heidtkes' gift was featuredture program for in the June 1999 issue of Jefferson'sparents. Legacy, a quarterly charitable-giving The institute newsletter published by the Library'sdiffered in signifi- Development Office. The newslettercant ways from highlighted the Center for the Booklast year's, which as a worthwhile recipient for contri-was held in Balti- butions from citizens and corpora-more (see LC In- tions, pointing out that it dependsformation Bulletin, on tax-deductible donations fromJanuary 1999). A individuals, corporations and foun-two-day precon- dations to support its projects andference was held publications. for the 25 profes- !fr Vermont Center for the ::: Teams from Washington, D.C., Virginia and Mary- land participate in the "Mother Goose Asks 'Why?'" Book National Institute held this year in Baltimore. AF DECEMBER 1999 299 3 2 THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCEOFFICE OF PUBLIC AVE. S.E. AFFAIRS LIBRARYPOSTAGE OF CONGRESS & FEES PAID' BULK RATE _PENALTY FOR PRIVATE-WASHINGTON, USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 INFORMATIONLIBRARY OF CONGRESS BULLETIN ISSN 0041-7904 If youaddresstothis the wishpublication above label to be address. and removed check return. If here changefrom the is mailingrequired list enter for on and return this page r 313 314 U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) ERIC National Library of Education (NLE) Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC)

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