Field Course on the Rare Element Pegmatites of Madagascar
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Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
Romancing Dahalo: the Social Environment of Cattle Theft in Ihorombe, Madagascar
Romancing Dahalo: The Social Environment of Cattle Theft in Ihorombe, Madagascar John McNair RABARIJAONA Bernadin, Project Advisor Roland Pritchett, Academic Dir ector, SIT Culture and Society 3 May 2008 1 For Amanda Burns 2 Acknowledgements Before everything, I want to thank Frère Fazio, Père Emile, Frère Sedina; the Soeurs Trinitaires de Rome who shared their splendid cooking with me; Jimmy, Donatien, and all the guys who took me in as one of their own for as long as I wanted to stay. When I showed up unannounced, you fed and housed me and acted as if it was the simplest, most natural thing in the world, for which I am grateful. And thanks to all of my informants. If there are errors in this information, it is misinterpretation on my part. I hope the spirit comes across just the same. And thanks also to RABARIJAONA Bernadin, who encouraged me to go out there and dive in, because these dahalo are just young men, and will want to tell me their adventures. “O had his powerful destiny ordained / Me some inferior angel, I had stood / Then happy; no Comment [c1]: Big problem. I’m not unbounded hope had raised / Ambition.” humble enough, throughout this paper. I’m half-certain. It’s not aggressive, and Part I: Ambitions it’s not aware that all we’re doing is just kind of stumbling along. There’s no good humor (bar). Let’s read some Paradise Lost, and try again. Beginnings Comment [c2]: Needs a title, huh. And in the end, here’s what matters: what In 1990 a woman named Nancy, a Peace Corps worker in southern Madagascar, is my argument; and how do I support it. -
Les Pegmatites D'antsirabe- Betafo : Axe Vavavato
UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO DOMAINE : SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES MENTION : SCIENCES DE LA TERRE ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT MEMOIRE Pour l’obtention du Diplôme de Master II en Sciences de la Terre (Parcours : Ressource minérale et environnement) LES PEGMATITES D’ANTSIRABE- BETAFO : AXE VAVAVATO-MAHAIZA-SAHATANY, ET LES MINERALISATIONS ASSOCIEES. Soutenu publiquement le 1er mars 2019 par: SEDRA Membres de jury : Président : Mme RAHANTARISOA Lydia Maître de conférences Rapporteur : Mr RALISON Bruno André Noël Maître de conférences Examinateur : Mme RASOAMALALA Vololonirina Maître de conférences REMERCIEMENTS Je ne saurais commencer mon ouvrage sans adresser ma gratitude et mes précieux remerciements à : Monsieur RAHERIMANDIMBY Marson, Professeur Titulaire, Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences, d’avoir autorisé la soutenance de ce mémoire. Monsieur ANDRIAMAMONJY Solofomampiely Alfred, Maître de Conférences, Responsable de la Mention Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement, d’avoir accepté la présente soutenance de mémoire. Madame RAHANTARISOA Lydia Maître de Conférences, Enseignant-Chercheur à la Mention Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement, qui a bien voulu présider ce présent mémoire. Ces conseils, son observation mène à terme ce travail. Monsieur RALISON Bruno André Noël Maître de Conférences, Enseignant- Chercheur à la Mention Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement, pour nous avoir appuyé financièrement et d'être mon rapporteur, dont la disponibilité, la patience, et les conseils avisés, m’a permis d’aller jusqu’au bout de ce mémoire. Madame RASOAMALALA Vololonirina, Maître de Conférences, Enseignant- Chercheur à la Mention Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement , d’avoir porté un intérêt à mon travail et d’avoir bien voulu être l'examinateur de ce mémoire. -
Tapia Woodlands of Highland Madagascar: Rural Economy, Fire Ecology, and Forest Conservation
The 'degraded' tapia woodlands of highland Madagascar: rural economy, fire ecology, and forest conservation Christian A. Kull This is an author-archived version of the following paper: Kull 2002. The 'degraded' tapia woodlands of highland Madagascar: rural economy, fire ecology, and forest conservation. Journal of Cultural Geography 19 (2): 95-128. The final definitive version is available from Taylor and Francis (www.tandfonline.com) Direct link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08873630209478290 Abstract Madagascar is well-known for deforestation. However, highland "tapia" (Uapaca bojeri) woodlands may present a counter-example of indigenous management leading to woodland conservation. Contrary to common wisdom that these woodlands are degraded, tapia woodland extent and composition have seen little change this century. Tapia woodlands harbor many benefits, including wild silkworms (whose cocoons have been harvested for centuries to weave expensive burial shrouds), fruit, woodfuel, mushrooms, edible insects, and herbal medicines. As a result, villagers shape and maintain the woodlands. Burning favors the dominance of pyrophitic tapia trees and protects silkworms from parasites. Selective cutting of non-tapia species and pruning of dead branches also favors tapia dominance and perhaps growth. Finally, local and state-imposed regulations protect the woodlands from over-exploitation. These processes -- burning, cutting, and protection -- are embedded in complex and dynamic social, political, economic, and ecological contexts which are integral to the tapia woodlands as they exist today. As a result, I argue on a normative level that the creation and maintenance of the woodlands should not be seen as “degradation,” rather as a creative “transformation.” INTRODUCTION Few endemic forests exist in highland Madagascar, a region dominated by vast grasslands, rice paddies, dryland cropfields, and pine or eucalyptus woodlots. -
The Anjahamiary Pegmatite, Fort Dauphin Area, Madagascar
The Anjahamiary pegmatite, Fort Dauphin area, Madagascar Federico Pezzotta* & Marc Jobin** * Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Corso Venezia 55, I-20121 Milano, Italy. ** SOMEMA, BP 6018, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. E-mail:<[email protected]> 21 February, 2003 INTRODUCTION Madagascar is among the most important areas in the world for the production, mainly in the past, of tourmaline (elbaite and liddicoatite) gemstones and mineral specimens. A large literature database documents the presence of a number of pegmatites rich in elbaite and liddicoatite. The pegmatites are mainly concentrated in central Madagascar, in a region including, from north to south, the areas of Tsiroanomandidy, Itasy, Antsirabe-Betafo, Ambositra, Ambatofinandrahana, Mandosonoro, Ikalamavony, Fenoarivo and Fianarantsoa (e.g. Pezzotta, 2001). In general, outside this large area, elbaite-liddicoatite-bearing pegmatites are rare and only minor discoveries have been made in the past. Nevertheless, some recent work made by the Malagasy company SOMEMEA, discovered a great potential for elbaite-liddicoatite gemstones and mineral specimens in a large, unusual pegmatite (the Anjahamiary pegmatite), hosted in high- metamorphic terrains. The Anjahamiary pegmatite lies in the Fort Dauphin (Tôlanaro) area, close to the southern coast of Madagascar. This paper reports a general description of this locality, and some preliminary results of the analytical studies of the accessory minerals collected at the mine. Among the most important analytical results is the presence of gemmy blue liddicoatite crystals with a very high Ca content, indicating the presence in this tourmaline crystal of composition near the liddicoatite end-member. LOCATION AND ACCESS The Anjahamiary pegmatite is located about 70 km NW of the town of Fort Dauphin (Tôlanaro) (Fig. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
The New IMA List of Gem Materials – a Work in Progress – Updated: July 2018
The New IMA List of Gem Materials – A Work in Progress – Updated: July 2018 In the following pages of this document a comprehensive list of gem materials is presented. The list is distributed (for terms and conditions see below) via the web site of the Commission on Gem Materials of the International Mineralogical Association. The list will be updated on a regular basis. Mineral names and formulae are from the IMA List of Minerals: http://nrmima.nrm.se//IMA_Master_List_%282016-07%29.pdf. Where there is a discrepancy the IMA List of Minerals will take precedence. Explanation of column headings: IMA status: A = approved (it applies to minerals approved after the establishment of the IMA in 1958); G = grandfathered (it applies to minerals discovered before the birth of IMA, and generally considered as valid species); Rd = redefined (it applies to existing minerals which were redefined during the IMA era); Rn = renamed (it applies to existing minerals which were renamed during the IMA era); Q = questionable (it applies to poorly characterized minerals, whose validity could be doubtful). Gem material name: minerals are normal text; non-minerals are bold; rocks are all caps; organics and glasses are italicized. Caveat (IMPORTANT): inevitably there will be mistakes in a list of this type. We will be grateful to all those who will point out errors of any kind, including typos. Please email your corrections to [email protected]. Acknowledgments: The following persons, listed in alphabetic order, gave their contribution to the building and the update of the IMA List of Minerals: Vladimir Bermanec, Emmanuel Fritsch, Lee A. -
List of New Mineral Names: with an Index of Authors
415 A (fifth) list of new mineral names: with an index of authors. 1 By L. J. S~v.scs~, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the ~Iineral Department of the,Brltish Museum. [Communicated June 7, 1910.] Aglaurito. R. Handmann, 1907. Zeita. Min. Geol. Stuttgart, col. i, p. 78. Orthoc]ase-felspar with a fine blue reflection forming a constituent of quartz-porphyry (Aglauritporphyr) from Teplitz, Bohemia. Named from ~,Xavpo~ ---- ~Xa&, bright. Alaito. K. A. ~Yenadkevi~, 1909. BuU. Acad. Sci. Saint-P6tersbourg, ser. 6, col. iii, p. 185 (A~am~s). Hydrate~l vanadic oxide, V205. H~O, forming blood=red, mossy growths with silky lustre. Founi] with turanite (q. v.) in thct neighbourhood of the Alai Mountains, Russian Central Asia. Alamosite. C. Palaehe and H. E. Merwin, 1909. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, col. xxvii, p. 899; Zeits. Kryst. Min., col. xlvi, p. 518. Lead recta-silicate, PbSiOs, occurring as snow-white, radially fibrous masses. Crystals are monoclinic, though apparently not isom0rphous with wol]astonite. From Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Prepared artificially by S. Hilpert and P. Weiller, Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1909, col. xlii, p. 2969. Aloisiite. L. Colomba, 1908. Rend. B. Accad. Lincei, Roma, set. 5, col. xvii, sere. 2, p. 233. A hydrated sub-silicate of calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen, (R pp, R',), SiO,, occurring in an amorphous condition, intimately mixed with oalcinm carbonate, in a palagonite-tuff at Fort Portal, Uganda. Named in honour of H.R.H. Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Abruzzi. Aloisius or Aloysius is a Latin form of Luigi or I~ewis. -
Tetrahedral Boron in Naturally Occurring Tourmaline LETTERS
American Mineralogist, Volume 84, pages 1451–1455, 1999 LETTERS Tetrahedral boron in naturally occurring tourmaline S.L. TAGG,1,* HERMAN CHO,1,† M. DARBY DYAR,2 AND EDWARD S. GREW3 1Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory MS K8-98, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A. 2Department of Geology and Geography, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, U.S.A. 3Department of Geological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Evidence for boron in both trigonal and tetrahedral coordination has been found in 11B magic- angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of natural, inclusion-free speci- mens of aluminum-rich lithian tourmaline from granitic pegmatites. INTRODUCTION tent with some substitution of silicon by boron (Hawthorne Minerals of the tourmaline group are by far the most wide- 1996). Wodara and Schreyer (1997; 1998) synthesized olenites spread borosilicate phases and the dominant carriers of boron in with an even greater amount of excess boron and boron substi- 11 crustal metamorphic and igneous rocks. The amount of boron tution for silicon, and cited B magic-angle-spinning (MAS) and its crystallographic position in tourmaline are of interest not nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) evidence for the presence only to mineralogists, but also to geochemists studying the be- of both trigonal and tetrahedral boron. In summary, the coor- havior of boron and its isotopes in natural systems. Previous dination and partitioning of boron in tourmaline have not yet studies of boron contents in tourmaline have yielded variable been definitively characterized. In part, this results from in- results. -
Gemstone Mining in Madagascar: Transnational Networks, Criminalisation and Global Integration
J. of Modern African Studies, 45, 2 (2007), pp. 185–206. f 2007 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0022278X07002509 Printed in the United Kingdom Gemstone mining in Madagascar: transnational networks, criminalisation and global integration Rosaleen Duffy* Centre for International Politics, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK rosaleen.duff[email protected] ABSTRACT This article examines the ways in which illicit gem mining in Madagascar indicates the highly variable impacts of globalisation in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that distinct categories such as global/local, legal/illegal and traditional/ modern have lost much of their explanatory power. Far from being distinct categories, they are indivisible and constitute a single, complex whole which produces enormous wealth, coupled with high degrees of poverty and margin- alisation in precisely the same locations. It is clear that Africa’s participation in globalisation has not been just about ‘joining’ the world economy; instead it has been characterised by highly selective forms of global connection which have been combined with highly visible and very real forms of disconnection. INTRODUCTION This article examines the role of transnational criminalised networks in the gem sector in Madagascar, and shows how the very same processes that produce the exclusion and marginalisation evident in the poorest African states also create new forms of integration, especially the development of non-national economic spaces. Africa’s participation in globalisation has * This paper is based on field research conducted in Madagascar in 2004, made possible through funding from the ESRC, grant number RES 000 22 0342. It was previously presented as a conference paper, at ‘Redesigning the state? Political corruption in development policy and practice’, ESRC/ Global Poverty Research Group conference at Manchester University, 25.11.2005. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. 30036-MG THE REPUBLIC OF MADAGASCAR Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper - Progress Report Public Disclosure Authorized Joint Staff Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized September 3,2004 Prepared by the Staff of the International Development Association and International Monetary Fund Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION AND THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND MADAGASCAR Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper - Annual Progress Report Joint Staff Assessment Prepared by the Staffs of the InternationalDevelopment Association and the International Monetary Fund' Approved by Callisto Madavo and Gobind Nankani (IDA) and Thomas Krueger and Mark Plant (IMF) September 15,2004 I. OVERVIEW 1. The First Progress Report of the Government of Madagascar on the implementation of the poverty reduction strategy covers the period July 2003 to June 2004. This Progress Report highlights the results achieved, lessons learnt and challenges faced in implementing the poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP), which was prepared by the Govemment in July 2003 and was discussed by the Boards of the IMF and World Bank in November 2003. 2. Following a strong noninflationary growth performance in 2003, macroeconomic developments in 2004 have been affected by adverse exogenous shocks. In January and March 2004, Madagascar was hit by two cyclones, which rendered thousands homeless, caused widespread damage to infrastructure and significant agricultural output loss. Since- the beginning of the year, the Malagasy currency depreciated by about 40 percent against the euro, owing notably to a significant deterioration of the trade account. -
Lii Foi - Ifil Rhkl = ---'--'---'---'--'-' = 0.15
Mineral. Soc. Amer. Spec. Pap. 2, 111-115 (1969). JOESMITHITE: A NOVEL AMPHIBOLE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY PAUL B. MOORE Department oj the Geophysical Sciences, University oj Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 ABSTRACT Joesmithite, a 9.885 (15), b 17.875 (18), c 5.227 (5) A, B 105.67 (17)0, P2/a, is a beryllo-silicate clinoamphibole 3 with composition (Ca,Pb)Ca2(Mg,Fe'+,Fe +),[Si,Be20,,] (OH)2, Z = 2. One out of four tetrahedra in the asymmetric unit is occupied by beryllium, at the cross-linking site in one of the pyroxene chain sub-units. The A site is not centered but displaced 0.6 A along the two-fold rotor and toward the beryllate tetrahedron. It is suggested that a coupled relationship exists between A' (the off-centered A site) and Be, a condition ensuring reasonable charge balance around their mutual anions. The A' and Be atomic species lower the symmetry of the crystal: though joesmithite is topologically akin to the C-centered c1inoamphiboles, its chemical contents are somewhat different. The lower symmetry induced by these atomic species probably accounts for the unequal octahedral cation distribution, which was assessed by least-squares analysis of three-dimensional single-crystal X-ray data. INTRODUCTION TABLE 1. JOESMITHITE. CRYSTAL CELL Joesmithite, a new mineral discovered by the author three years ago, proved to be related to the clinoamphibole a 9.885(15) A b mineral group. This mineral has been previously reported 17.875(18) 5.227(5) in two papers, one which describes the species for the first (3 105.