Stony River Watershed, West Virginia
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Final Report Metals and pH TMDLs for the Stony River Watershed, West Virginia U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 3 1650 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA September 2001 Metals and pH TMDLs for the Stony River Watershed Acknowledgments Completion of this study depended on the generous informational and data support of various groups. Special acknowledgment is made to the following people: Pat Campbell West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Water Resources Carol Ann Davis United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 3 Angela Dorsey West Virginia Office of Mining and Reclamation Peter Gold United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 3 Thomas Henry United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 3 J.R. Hodel West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Mining and Reclamation James Laine West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources David Montali West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources Ken Politan West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Mining and Reclamation Steve Stutler West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources David Vande West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Mining and Linde Reclamation September 2001 i Metals and pH TMDLs for the Stony River Watershed Contents Figures ...................................................................... iv Tables ...................................................................... iv 1.0 Problem Understanding .....................................................1-1 2.0 Water Quality Standards ....................................................2-1 3.0 Source Assessment ........................................................3-1 3.1 Data Inventory ........................................................3-1 3.2 Stream Flow Data .....................................................3-1 3.3 Point Sources .........................................................3-2 3.3.1 Permitted Non-mining Point Sources ..................................3-2 3.3.2 Permitted Mining Point Sources ......................................3-2 3.4 Nonpoint Sources ......................................................3-3 3.4.1 Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) ......................................3-3 3.4.2 Other Nonpoint Sources ...........................................3-4 4.0 Technical Approach ........................................................4-1 4.1 Model Framework Selection ..............................................4-1 4.2 Mining Data Analysis System (MDAS) Overview ..............................4-2 4.3 Model Configuration ....................................................4-3 4.3.1 Watershed Subdivision .............................................4-3 4.3.2 Meteorological Data ...............................................4-5 4.3.3 Nonpoint Source Representation .....................................4-5 4.3.4 Point Sources Representation ........................................4-6 4.3.5 Stream Representation ............................................4-10 4.3.6 Hydrologic Representation .........................................4-10 4.3.7 Pollutant Representation ...........................................4-10 4.4 Model Calibration .....................................................4-11 4.4.1 Hydrology Calibration ............................................4-11 4.4.2 Water Quality Calibration ..........................................4-13 5.0 Allocation Analysis .........................................................5-1 5.1 TMDL Endpoints .....................................................5-1 5.1.1 Aluminum, Iron, and Manganese .....................................5-1 5.1.2 pH ...........................................................5-1 5.1.3 Margin of Safety .................................................5-2 5.2 Baseline Conditions ....................................................5-2 5.3 Source Loading Alternatives .............................................5-3 5.4 TMDLs and Source Allocations ...........................................5-3 5.4.1 Wasteload Allocations (WLAs) ......................................5-4 5.4.2 Load Allocations (LAs) ............................................5-4 5.4.3 pH Modeling Results ..............................................5-5 5.4.4 Seasonal Variation ...............................................5-5 5.4.5 Future Growth . .. 5-6 5.4.6 Remining and Water Quality Trading . 5-6 ii September 2001 Metals and pH TMDLs for the Stony River Watershed 6.0 Monitoring Plan ...........................................................6-1 6.1 Reclamation . 6-1 6.1.1 Office of Abandoned Mine Lands and Reclamation . 6-1 6.1.2 Special Reclamation Group . 6-3 6.1.2 Permitting . 6-4 7.0 Implementation Plan ........................................................7-1 8.0 Public Participation .........................................................8-1 References ..................................................................R-1 Appendix A. Stony River Watershed Data and TMDLs ............................... A-1 Appendix A-1. Region 1 .................................................A-1-1 Appendix A-2. Region 2 .................................................A-2-1 Appendix B. Mining Permits in the Stony Watershed ..................................B-1 Appendix C. Model Calibration Results ........................................... C-1 Appendix D. Modeling pH for TMDL Development .................................. D-1 Appendix E. Unionized Ammonia Impairments in the Stony River Watershed ................E-1 September 2001 iii Metals and pH TMDLs for the Stony River Watershed Figures Figure 1-1 Location of the Stony River watershed .....................................1-3 Figure 1-2 Stony watershed and its two regions ......................................1-4 Figure 3-1 Potential sources contributing to impairments in the Stony watershed ..............3-5 Figure 3-2 Land use distribution in the Stony watershed ................................3-6 Figure 4-1 Calibration locations used in modeling ....................................4-12 Tables Table 1-1 Section 303(d) listed waterbodies and corresponding impairments .................1-5 Table 2-1 Applicable West Virginia water quality criteria ...............................2-1 Table 3-1 Inventory of data and information used to develop the Stony watershed TMDLs ............................................3-1 Table 3-2 Flow analysis for the Stony watershed .....................................3-2 Table 3-3 Nonmining permitted facilities located in th Stony River Watershed. 3-2 Table 3-4 Classification of mining permit type and status ................................3-3 Table 4-1 Modules from HSPF converted to HSPC ...................................4-3 Table 4-2 Model land use grouping ...............................................4-6 Table 4-3 Model nonpoint source representation of different permitted mines ................4-7 Table 4-4 Modeled land use distribution in acres for regions 1 through 11 ...................4-8 Table 4-5 Modeled land use distribution in acres for regions 12 through 21 ..................4-8 Table 5-1 Metals concentrations used in representing permitted conditions for mines ...........5-2 Table 5-2 Load and waste load allocations for aluminum ................................5-5 Table 5-3 Load and waste load allocations for iron ....................................5-5 Table 5-4 Load and waste load allocations for manganese ..............................5-6 iv September 2001 Metals and pH TMDLs for the Stony River Watershed 1.0 Problem Understanding The Stony River is in northeastern West Virginia in the Appalachian Plateau physiographic province. The drainage area of the Stony River watershed is approximately 58.8 square miles (37,653 acres), as shown in Figure 1-1. From its headwaters at the Tucker and Grant county line, the Stony River flows in a generally northerly direction through Grant County for approximately 18 miles to its confluence with the North Branch of the Potomac River at the West Virginia and Maryland state line. Two reservoirs are located in the Stony River watershed. Stony River Reservoir (about 430 acres), in the headwaters portion of the watershed, is owned by Westvaco Corporation. Mount Storm Lake (about 1,150 acres) is further downstream and is operated by Dominion Virginia Power Company. The watershed is almost entirely in Grant County and contains active surface and deep mining operations. The watershed is rural; the only town, Mount Storm, is in the lower part of the basin. Six segments of the Stony River have been included on West Virginia’s 1996 and 1998 Section 303(d) list due to metals, pH, and/or ammonia impairments (see Table 1-1, Figure 1-2). These listed waterbodies include two segments of the main stem of the Stony River and four additional stream segments in the watershed. The metals (total iron, aluminum, and manganese), pH, and/or ammonia impairments have been attributed to acid mine drainage (AMD) and possible acid mine drainage treatment. Before the implementation of the West Virginia Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation Act (WVSCMRA) and the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA), little consideration was given to the environmental degradation that resulted from these activities. Currently, the quality of the Stony River and its tributaries are being negatively affected by acidic drainage from mines