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Number, Timing, and Duration of Marriages And Number, Timing, and Duration of Marriages and Divorces: 2009 Issued May 2011 Household Economic Studies P70-125 INTRODUCTION The marital history data have been collected in SIPP since 1986 and reports Current Marriage and divorce are central to the were published starting with the 1996 Population study of living arrangements and family data. Before that time, marital history Reports composition. Social and economic events reports used Current Population Survey as well as changes in cultural attitudes data, which included a marital history shape marital behavior, which then affect By from 1975 through 1995. The SIPP marital family life and other interactions. The Rose M. Kreider history topical module is a nationally and study of the evolving patterns of marriage representative survey which is fielded Renee Ellis and divorce requires basic measures of approximately every 5 years, with the the incidence of these events. most recent data collection prior to this The Survey of Income and Program survey occurring in 2004.2 This report Participation (SIPP) is one of few data updates some of the tables shown in the sources that can provide a comprehensive previous reports and tables with data look at both current and historical collected in the second interview of the marital patterns in the United States. SIPP 2008 Panel, collected in January SIPP data contain a detailed marital through April of 2009, and adds several history for men and women aged 15 and tables covering other topics.3 over, as well as extensive information In 2009, marital history data were about the characteristics of adults, their collected from men and women 15 households, and the people with whom years and over in approximately 39,000 they live. In addition, information about households. In the sample, 55,497 ever- both husbands and wives is available for married adults were asked questions people who are currently married.1 about the number of times they had been married and the month and year of marital events (including marriage, 1 Since 2008, the American Community Survey separation, divorce, and widowhood) (ACS) has been asking adults whether they had married, divorced, separated, or been widowed in for their first, second, and most recent the year before the survey, as well as the number of marriages. Since fewer than 1 percent of times married and the year the latest marriage began. Estimates of indicators such as the characteristics of adults have been married four or more people who had a recent marital event, the percent- age of men and women who have ever divorced, and 2 The tables for 2004 are available on the the percentage of recent marriages in which both the Census Bureau Web site at <www.census.gov/hhes bride and groom were marrying for the first time are /socdemo/marriage/data/sipp/2004/tables.html>. now available in both the SIPP and the ACS. See the The most recent report in this series was written following paper for more information: Elliott, Diana B, using SIPP 2001 Panel data and is available at Tavia Simmons, and Jamie M. Lewis, Evaluation of the <www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p70-97.pdf>. Marital Events Items on the ACS, 2010, available at The earlier 1996 report is also available at <www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/marriage/data <www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/p70-80.pdf>. /acs/Evaluation_paper.pdf>. While ACS adds valu- 3 The population represented in this report (the able information about recent U.S. marital patterns, population universe) is the civilian noninstitutional- especially state-level data, SIPP still contains the most ized adult (15 years and over) population living in the detailed, comprehensive data available at the national United States. The items asked in the marital history level. A forthcoming report will showcase the new topical module are available at <www.census.gov ACS marital events data. /sipp/core_content/2008/quests/wave2/2008w2core .pdf>. U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU times, few events are missed by using this approach. Marital status. The marital status classification refers to the status at the time of interview. “Married, spouse present” applies to The first section of this report husband and wife if both were living in the same household, even examines changes in marital though one may be temporarily absent, for example, on business, patterns during the period that vacation, a visit, or in a hospital. “Married, spouse absent” relates to SIPP data were collected, 1986 to people who are living apart for reasons other than marital problems, 2009. Additionally, this section for example, spouses living apart because one or the other was describes changes in the age at employed elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces, or incarcerated. marriage, divorce, and remarriage “Separated” refers to couples who are living apart due to marital across different cohorts of men problems. “Divorced” indicates people who report that they have and women born since 1940 to received a legal divorce decree and have not remarried. “Widowed” 1944. The second section provides indicates that a person’s last marriage ended in the death of their current indicators of the percentage spouse. The term “never married” applies to those who have never of the population who have married been legally married, as well as to those whose marriages were more than once, who have ever annulled. divorced, or who experienced other marital events. This section also Marital history. A marital history was collected from each person answers questions about how long in the household aged 15 and over. There were 55,497 people in first marriages last, the median the sample from approximately 39,000 households. Respondents age at which people marry or answered questions about when they had been married, separated, divorce, and what percentage of divorced, and widowed, if they had experienced these events. currently married couples involve Dates for the beginning and end of up to three marriages were spouses who are both in their first collected: first marriage, second marriage, and most recent marriage, marriage. The third section profiles regardless of whether this was the third or later marriage. Since very the characteristics of people who few people marry more than three times, few events are missed by experienced a marital event in the using this approach to data collection. Although questions were year prior to the survey. asked only of people aged 15 and over, some people reported marital events as occurring before age 15. HISTORICAL MARITAL PATTERNS Marital event. Refers to a change in marital status—getting married, getting divorced, or being widowed. Changes From 1986 to 2009 Birth or marriage cohort. A cohort signifies a group of people One of the most noticeable born or married in a specified time period—for example, people born changes in marital patterns has from 1945 through 1949. been the increase in the age at first marriage.4 This is reflected in an Current age. Age at reference month, which is the month preceding increasing proportion of younger the interview. adults who are never married. Median. The median is the value which divides a distribution into Table 1 shows the percentage of two equal parts; half of the cases fall below this value and half women never married, by 5-year exceed it. age groups, from 25 to 29 to 55 and over. While the proportion of all women who are never married at age 25 to 29 has increased aged 55 and over (5 percent to This pattern varied by race and substantially from 1986 to 2009 6 percent).5 ethnicity, with a higher percentage (27 percent to 47 percent), it did of Black women than non-Hispanic not differ statistically for women White women never married in 5 The estimates in this report are based on responses from a sample of the popula- each age group in 2009 (Table 1, tion. As with all surveys, estimates may vary from the actual values because of sampling 4 See “Estimated Median Age at First variation and other factors. All comparisons Marriage, by Sex: 1890 to the Present,” Table made in this report have undergone statistical MS-2 at <www.census.gov/population testing and are significant at the 90 percent /socdemo/hh-fam/ms2.xls>. confidence level unless otherwise noted. 2 U.S. Census Bureau Table 1. Percent Never Married for Women by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin,1 for Selected Years: 1986 to 2009 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 to 49 50 to 54 55 Year years years years years years years and over TOTAL 1986. 26.9 14.0 10.0 5.3 4.9 3.5 4.8 1996. 35.3 18.7 14.1 9.8 7.3 5.5 4.1 2001. 37.3 21.7 15.6 12.1 8.9 7.3 4.0 2004. 41.3 22.3 16.2 13.0 10.8 8.5 5.1 2009. 46.8 26.7 17.3 14.1 12.0 10.1 5.8 WHITE 1986. 23.8 11.2 8.2 4.3 4.1 3.0 4.9 1996. 30.8 14.8 11.2 7.7 6.0 4.6 3.8 2001. 33.1 16.6 12.7 9.1 6.9 6.3 3.4 2004. 36.7 18.2 12.5 10.4 8.3 7.3 4.5 2009. 41.6 22.6 13.8 11.2 9.7 8.2 5.0 WHITE, NON-HISPANIC 1986. 24.0 11.3 8.2 3.8 4.2 2.6 4.8 1996. 31.1 14.3 10.9 7.7 5.9 4.6 3.6 2001.
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