DOCSLIB.ORG

The Monroe Doctrine and United States National Security in the Early Twentieth Century

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Monroe Doctrine and United States National Security in the Early Twentieth Century SECURITY, CONFLICT AND COOPERATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD The Monroe Doctrine and United States National Security in the Early Twentieth Century alex bryne Security, Confict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World Series Editors Effe G. H. Pedaliu LSE Ideas London, UK John W. Young University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK The Palgrave Macmillan series, Security, Confict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World aims to make a signifcant contribution to academic and policy debates on cooperation, confict and security since 1900. It evolved from the series Global Confict and Security edited by Professor Saki Ruth Dockrill. The current series welcomes proposals that offer innovative historical perspectives, based on archival evidence and promoting an empirical understanding of economic and political coop- eration, confict and security, peace-making, diplomacy, humanitarian intervention, nation-building, intelligence, terrorism, the infuence of ideology and religion on international relations, as well as the work of international organisations and non-governmental organisations. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14489 Alex Bryne The Monroe Doctrine and United States National Security in the Early Twentieth Century Alex Bryne Nottingham, UK Security, Confict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World ISBN 978-3-030-43430-4 ISBN 978-3-030-43431-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43431-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affliations. Cover credit: Granger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Just as the citizens of the United States gave thanks to the Monroe Doctrine during its centennial anniversary, I too wish to express my grat- itude to the individuals and organisations that have made this book pos- sible. The parameters and premise of this study were frst developed in my doctoral thesis and I would like to accordingly thank the University of Nottingham’s School of Cultures, Languages and Area Studies for funding my research and providing me with several travel grants. I am similarly grateful to the association for British American Nineteenth Century Historians (BrANCH) for awarding me a Peter Parish Memorial Fund Research Grant to support a research trip to the United States. The process of transforming my doctoral research into a monograph has been a challenging one—writing a book without the security of full-time academic employment took a heavy fnancial and emotional toll. I am therefore eminently grateful to the following individuals for their guidance, support, and assistance over the past few years. My doc- toral supervisors Bevan Sewell and Maria Ryan have continued to sup- port my research since my graduation, as have my doctoral examiners Paul McGarr and David Milne. Jimmy Brookes, Mark Eastwood, Alex Ferguson, Steve Gallo, Daniel King, Hannah Murray, Ben Offler, Jennie O’Reilly, Steven Parftt, and Elizabeth Wiedenheft have all shaped the book in one way or another, be that through reading drafts or enter- taining my ramblings on early twentieth-century United States foreign v vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS relations. In this regard, special thanks must be paid to my brothers- in-arms Tom Bishop and Lorenzo Costaguta. It has been a pleasure to work with Molly Beck and Maeve Sinnott at Palgrave, and my fnal thanks go to the anonymous reviewers of my work who provided insight- ful, detailed, and valuable feedback. CONTENTS Introduction: A Cluster of Loyalties 1 The Empire of the Monroe Doctrine 19 Regional Hegemony and Pan-Americanism 45 A Shibboleth and a War 93 The Trichotomy of the Treaty Fight 131 One Hundred Years and Still Going Strong? 171 Conclusion: Anything or Nothing 201 Bibliography 209 Index 237 vii LIST OF FIGURES The Empire of the Monroe Doctrine Fig. 1 “Uncle Sam’s Temptation” 28 Fig. 2 “Uncle Sam’s Picnic” 38 Regional Hegemony and Pan-Americanism Fig. 1 “He’ll take the old umbrella along” 59 Fig. 2 “That’s a live wire, gentlemen” 74 Fig. 3 “Magnifed Security” 83 A Shibboleth and a War Fig. 1 “Mad Dog?” 100 Fig. 2 “The Vast Territory That Our Monroe Doctrine Obligates Us to Defend” 122 The Trichotomy of the Treaty Fight Fig. 1 “The Rocky Road to Peace” 139 Fig. 2 “Why all this fuss over article ten?” 149 One Hundred Years and Still Going Strong? Fig. 1 “One hundred years old and still going strong. You can’t help wishing him many happy returns of the day” 173 ix x LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 2 Monroe Doctrine centennial half dollar 183 Fig. 3 Tomb of James Monroe, hollywood cemetery, Richmond, VA 186 Conclusion: Anything or Nothing Fig. 1 Secretary of State John Kerry speaks at the Organization of American States on November 18, 2013 208 Introduction: A Cluster of Loyalties To citizens of the United States, the advent of the twentieth century signifed more than the mere passage of time. A palpable sense of expec- tation and excitement accompanied the turn of the century as Americans dreamt up wonderous new destinies for their nation. The scene in New York City on 31 December 1900 was typical. Throngs of Americans flled the city’s lavishly decorated streets to watch impressive frework displays and enjoy festive singing and dancing. Crowds gathered around preachers who lauded the passing of the old and the arrival of the new, proclaiming that Americans could “count with confdence upon still greater material progress in the future.”1 Magazine editors tapped into the abundant fascination with the dawning of a new century and pub- lished verbose articles on the bright future that awaited Americans. The aptly named Century Magazine claimed that this optimism was rational and predicted with utmost certainty that the United States would wit- ness improved working conditions, the end of political corruption, and a greater international role within a few short years.2 The twentieth cen- tury was heralded as one of prosperity and progress and a moment in which the United States was prepared to reap the benefts of a new era. 1 New York Tribune, January 1, 1901, 1. 2 The Century Magazine, January 1901, 473–474. © The Author(s) 2020 1 A. Bryne, The Monroe Doctrine and United States National Security in the Early Twentieth Century, Security, Confict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43431-1_1 2 A. BRYNE Although these statements can be dismissed as a mixture of pageantry and hyperbole, there was, in fact, some truth to them. The emergence of the progressive movement pointed to various avenues of domestic and societal reform and there was ample evidence to suggest that the United States was entering a distinct new chapter in its history that marked its rise as a great power on the world stage. Nowhere was this clearer than in the development of the nation’s imperial policies. Since its independ- ence, the United States had chiefy confned its territorial expansion to the North American continent. Only the acquisition of several tiny unin- habited islands in the Caribbean and Pacifc supplemented a broader pol- icy of settler colonialism and armed confict with Native American tribal nations and Mexico. Yet the United States entered the twentieth century having initiated a new phase of imperial expansion and empire-building that fundamentally altered its geopolitical reach. The annexation and subsequent pacifcation of the Philippines solidifed the nation’s impe- rial interests in East Asia, and the development of a predominantly infor- mal empire in Central America and the Caribbean unleashed an imperial drive for regional hegemony in the Western Hemisphere centred on the protection of the Panama Canal Zone. Within the frst few years of the new century, the scope and nature of the United States Empire had been emphatically redefned.3 3 The nature of United States imperialism continues to attract signifcant attention among historians. Recent studies that have shaped scholarly discourse include Daniel Immerwahr, How to Hide An Empire: A Short History of the Greater United States (London: Bodley Head, 2019); Antony Hopkins, American Empire: A Global History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018); Walter Hixon, American Settler Colonialism: A History (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013); Paul Kramer, “Power and Connection: Imperial Histories of the United States in the World,” American Historical Review 116, no. 5 (2011): 1348–1391; Richard Immerman, Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010); Charles Maier, Among Empires: American Ascendancy and Its Predecessors (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007); Mary Heiss, “The Evolution of the Imperial Idea and U.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Challenges of Cultural Relations Between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean
    The challenges of cultural relations between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean Lluís Bonet and Héctor Schargorodsky (Eds.) The challenges of cultural relations between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean Lluís Bonet and Héctor Schargorodsky (Eds.) Title: The Challenges of Cultural Relations between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean Editors: Lluís Bonet and Héctor Schargorodsky Publisher: Quaderns Gescènic. Col·lecció Quaderns de Cultura n. 5 1st Edition: August 2019 ISBN: 978-84-938519-4-1 Editorial coordination: Giada Calvano and Anna Villarroya Design and editing: Sistemes d’Edició Printing: Rey center Translations: María Fernanda Rosales, Alba Sala Bellfort, Debbie Smirthwaite Pictures by Lluís Bonet (pages 12, 22, 50, 132, 258, 282, 320 and 338), by Shutterstock.com, acquired by OEI, original photos by A. Horulko, Delpixel, V. Cvorovic, Ch. Wollertz, G. C. Tognoni, LucVi and J. Lund (pages 84, 114, 134, 162, 196, 208, 232 and 364) and by www.pixnio.com, original photo by pics_pd (page 386). Front cover: Watercolor by Lluís Bonet EULAC Focus has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 693781. Giving focus to the Cultural, Scientific and Social Dimension of EU - CELAC relations (EULAC Focus) is a research project, funded under the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme, coordinated by the University of Barcelona and integrated by 18 research centers from Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean. Its main objective is that of «giving focus» to the Cultural, Scientific and Social dimension of EU- CELAC relations, with a view to determining synergies and cross-fertilization, as well as identifying asymmetries in bi-lateral and bi-regional relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White</H1>
    Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White Scanned by Charles Keller with OmniPage Professional OCR software Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White Volume II Scanned by Charles Keller with OmniPage Professional OCR software donated by Caere Corporation, 1-800-535-7226. Contact Mike Lough AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ANDREW DICKSON WHITE WITH PORTRAITS VOLUME I page 1 / 895 NEW YORK THE CENTURY CO. 1905 Copyright, 1904, 1905, by THE CENTURY CO. ---- Published March, 1905 THE DE VINNE PRESS TO MY OLD STUDENTS THIS RECORD OF MY LIFE IS INSCRIBED WITH MOST KINDLY RECOLLECTIONS AND BEST WISHES TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I--ENVIRONMENT AND EDUCATION CHAPTER I. BOYHOOD IN CENTRAL NEW YORK--1832-1850 The ``Military Tract'' of New York. A settlement on the headwaters of the Susquehanna. Arrival of my grandfathers and page 2 / 895 grandmothers. Growth of the new settlement. First recollections of it. General character of my environment. My father and mother. Cortland Academy. Its twofold effect upon me. First schooling. Methods in primary studies. Physical education. Removal to Syracuse. The Syracuse Academy. Joseph Allen and Professor Root; their influence; moral side of the education thus obtained. General education outside the school. Removal to a ``classical school''; a catastrophe. James W. Hoyt and his influence. My early love for classical studies. Discovery of Scott's novels. ``The Gallery of British Artists.'' Effect of sundry conventions, public meetings, and lectures. Am sent to Geneva College; treatment of faculty by students. A ``Second Adventist'' meeting; Howell and Clark; my first meeting with Judge Folger. Philosophy of student dissipation at that place and time.
    [Show full text]
  • And Type the TITLE of YOUR WORK in All Caps
    THAT LIBERTY SHALL NOT PERISH: AMERICAN PROPAGANDA AND THE POLITICS OF FEAR, 1914-1919 by ZACHARY CHARLES SMITH (Under the Direction of John H. Morrow, Jr.) ABSTRACT This dissertation attempts to provide an understanding of the widespread anxiety, vigilantism, suppression of dissent, and violation of civil liberties that took place in the United States from 1917 to 1919 and argues that it can be found in some Americans‟ understanding of and reaction to racially-charged propaganda. As the United States inched toward war with Germany in 1915 and after declaring war in April 1917, many propagandists began referencing the allegedly inherent characteristics of Germans as evidence of German American disloyalty and the existence of a vast “Pan-German” plot to undercut or even destroy American democracy. The imagined conspiracy grew to encompass most of the fears that had plagued the Anglo Saxon middle-class since the 1870s – immigrant radicalism, race suicide, the capability of “racially inferior” immigrants to assimilate and self-govern, and the continued deference of African Americans. To many anxious Americans, Germany and German Americans became a very real entity to which these long-held fears could be transferred. American propaganda produced during the First World War, though, was not a cynical ploy to fool the American people into supporting intervention on the side of the Allies. Leading Americans – politicians, editors, and social elites – were convinced that a global German conspiracy threatened the security of the United States and hoped to enlist the American people in staving off the existential threat they believed racially degenerate Germany allegedly posed.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to loe removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI* Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 WASHINGTON IRVING CHAMBERS: INNOVATION, PROFESSIONALIZATION, AND THE NEW NAVY, 1872-1919 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctorof Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Stephen Kenneth Stein, B.A., M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Bibliography of American History Through Biography
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 088 763 SO 007 145 AUTHOR Fustukjian, Samuel, Comp. TITLE Selected Bibliography of American History through Biography. PUB DATE Aug 71 NOTE 101p.; Represents holdings in the Penfold Library, State University of New York, College at Oswego EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$5.40 DESCRIPTORS *American Culture; *American Studies; Architects; Bibliographies; *Biographies; Business; Education; Lawyers; Literature; Medicine; Military Personnel; Politics; Presidents; Religion; Scientists; Social Work; *United States History ABSTRACT The books included in this bibliography were written by or about notable Americans from the 16th century to the present and were selected from the moldings of the Penfield Library, State University of New York, Oswego, on the basis of the individual's contribution in his field. The division irto subject groups is borrowed from the biographical section of the "Encyclopedia of American History" with the addition of "Presidents" and includes fields in science, social science, arts and humanities, and public life. A person versatile in more than one field is categorized under the field which reflects his greatest achievement. Scientists who were more effective in the diffusion of knowledge than in original and creative work, appear in the tables as "Educators." Each bibliographic entry includes author, title, publisher, place and data of publication, and Library of Congress classification. An index of names and list of selected reference tools containing biographies concludes the bibliography. (JH) U S DEPARTMENT Of NIA1.114, EDUCATIONaWELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED ExAC ICY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY PREFACE American History, through biograRhies is a bibliography of books written about 1, notable Americans, found in Penfield Library at S.U.N.Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Paintings by John W. Alexander ; Sculpture by Chester Beach
    SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO, DECEMBER 12 1916 TO JANUARY 2, 1917 PAINTINGS BY JOHN W. ALEXANDER SCULPTURE BY CHESTER BEACH PAINTINGS BY CALIFORNIA ARTISTS PAINTINGS BY WILSON IRVINE PAINTINGS BY EDWARD W. REDFIELD PAINTINGS, DRAWINGS AND SKETCHES BY MAURICE STERNE 0 SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS OF WORK BY THE FOLLOWING ARTISTS PAINTINGS BY JOHN W. ALEXANDER SCULPTURE BY CHESTER BEACH PAINTINGS BY CALIFORNIA ARTISTS PAINTINGS BY WILSON IRVINE PAINTINGS BY EDWARD W. REDFIELD PAINTINGS, DRAWINGS AND SKETCHES BY MAURICE STERNE THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO DEC. 12, 1916 TO JAN. 2, 1917 PAINTINGS BY JOHN WHITE ALEXANDER OHN vV. ALEXANDER. Born, Pittsburgh, J Pennsylvania, 1856. Died, New York, May 31, 1915. Studied at the Royal Academy, Munich, and with Frank Duveneck. Societaire of Societe Nationale des Beaux Arts, Paris; Member of the International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers, London; Societe Nouvelle, Paris ; Societaire of the Royal Society of Fine Arts, Brussels; President of the National Academy of Design, New York; President of the Natiomrl Academy Association; President of the National Society of Mural Painters, New York; Ex- President of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, New York; American Academy of Arts and Letters; Vice-President of the National Fine Arts Federation, Washington, D. C.; Member of the Architectural League, Fine Arts Federation and Fine Arts Society, New York; Honorary Member of the Secession Society, Munich, and of the Secession Society, Vienna; Hon- orary Member of the Royal Society of British Artists, of the American Institute of Architects and of the New York Society of Illustrators; President of the School Art League, New York; Trustee of the New York Public Library; Ex-President of the MacDowell Club, New York; Trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art; Trustee of the American Academy in Rome; Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, France; Honorary Degree of Master of Arts, Princeton University, 1892, and of Doctor of Literature, Princeton, 1909.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newsletter of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations
    Volume 41, Number 3, January 2011 assp rt PThe Newsletter of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations Inside... Nixon, Allende, and the White House Tapes Roundtable on Dennis Merrill’s Negotiating Paradise Teaching Diplomatic History to Diplomats ...and much more! Passport The Newsletter of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations Editorial Office: Mershon Center for International Security Studies 1501 Neil Avenue Columbus OH 43201 [email protected] 614-292-1681 (phone) 614-292-2407 (fax) Executive Director Peter L. Hahn, The Ohio State University Editor Mitchell Lerner, The Ohio State University-Newark Production Editor Julie Rojewski, Michigan State University Editorial Assistant David Hadley, The Ohio State University Cover Photo President Nixon walking with Kissinger on the south lawn of the White House, 08/10/1971. ARC Identifier 194731/ Local Identifier NLRN-WHPO-6990-18A. Item from Collection RN-WHPO: White House Photo Office Collection (Nixon Administration), 01/20/1969-08/09/1974. Editorial Advisory Board and Terms of Appointment Elizabeth Kelly Gray, Towson University (2009-2011) Robert Brigham, Vassar College (2010-2012) George White, Jr., York College/CUNY (2011-2013) Passport is published three times per year (April, September, January), by the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, and is distributed to all members of the Society. Submissions should be sent to the attention of the editor, and are acceptable in all formats, although electronic copy by email to [email protected] is preferred. Submis- sions should follow the guidelines articulated in the Chicago Manual of Style. Manuscripts accepted for publication will be edited to conform to Passport style, space limitations, and other requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • National Blue Ribbon Schools Recognized 1982-2015
    NATIONAL BLUE RIBBON SCHOOLS PROGRAM Schools Recognized 1982 Through 2015 School Name City Year ALABAMA Academy for Academics and Arts Huntsville 87-88 Anna F. Booth Elementary School Irvington 2010 Auburn Early Education Center Auburn 98-99 Barkley Bridge Elementary School Hartselle 2011 Bear Exploration Center for Mathematics, Science Montgomery 2015 and Technology School Beverlye Magnet School Dothan 2014 Bob Jones High School Madison 92-93 Brewbaker Technology Magnet High School Montgomery 2009 Brookwood Forest Elementary School Birmingham 98-99 Buckhorn High School New Market 01-02 Bush Middle School Birmingham 83-84 C.F. Vigor High School Prichard 83-84 Cahaba Heights Community School Birmingham 85-86 Calcedeaver Elementary School Mount Vernon 2006 Cherokee Bend Elementary School Mountain Brook 2009 Clark-Shaw Magnet School Mobile 2015 Corpus Christi School Mobile 89-90 Crestline Elementary School Mountain Brook 01-02, 2015 Daphne High School Daphne 2012 Demopolis High School Demopolis 2008 East Highland Middle School Sylacauga 84-85 Edgewood Elementary School Homewood 91-92 Elvin Hill Elementary School Columbiana 87-88 Enterprise High School Enterprise 83-84 EPIC Elementary School Birmingham 93-94 Eura Brown Elementary School Gadsden 91-92 Forest Avenue Academic Magnet Elementary School Montgomery 2007 Forest Hills School Florence 2012 Fruithurst Elementary School Fruithurst 2010 George Hall Elementary School Mobile 96-97 George Hall Elementary School Mobile 2008 1 of 216 School Name City Year Grantswood Community School Irondale 91-92 Guntersville Elementary School Guntersville 98-99 Heard Magnet School Dothan 2014 Hewitt-Trussville High School Trussville 92-93 Holtville High School Deatsville 2013 Holy Spirit Regional Catholic School Huntsville 2013 Homewood High School Homewood 83-84 Homewood Middle School Homewood 83-84, 96-97 Indian Valley Elementary School Sylacauga 89-90 Inverness Elementary School Birmingham 96-97 Ira F.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Issue
    Your Treasures are in Specialists in high quality ancient, medieval, and early Good Hands with us modern coins and medals. First established as a numismatic trading Auctions in Switzerland, company in 1971, today we have achieved a yearly price list, appraisals, solid reputation among the leading coin and medal auction houses of Europe. More than purchases and sales by 10,000 clients worldwide place their trust private treaty. zürich, switzerland Baltic States, City of Riga. Auction 135 in us. Our company’s fi rst auction was held Under Sweden. Charles X. Gustav, 1654-1660. 5 ducats “1645” (1654). in 1985, and we can look back on a positive Estimate: € 15,000. Price realized: € 70,000. track record of over 180 auctions since that time. Four times a year, the Künker auction gallery becomes a major rendezvous for numismatic afi cionados. This is where several thousand bidders regularly participate in our auctions. • We buy your gold assets at a fair, daily market price • International customer care Auction III • Yearly over 20,000 objects in Ancient Greek, Roman, our auctions Byzantine & Early European coins and medals of the • Large selection of gold coins highest quality. • Top quality color printed catalogues May 10th 2011 Russian Empire. Auction 135 Alexander I., 1801-1825. Gold medal of 48 ducats, 1814, by tsarina in the morning M. Feodorovna for Alexander I. in Zürich Estimate: € 30,000. Price realized: € 220,000. Auction IV The BCD Collection Profi t from our experience of more than 180 successful auctions – of Thessaly. scaled consign your coins and medals! down May 10th 2011 Tel.: +49 541 96 20 20 in the afternoon Roman Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Gunboat Economics?
    Andreas Exenberger, Dr. Research Area “Economic and Social History” Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Universitaetsstrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck Tel.: (+43)-(0)512-507-7409 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.uibk.ac.at/economics/exenberger Paper for AHE 08 (London, July 14-16, 2006) (Version of June 1, 2006; rough draft, no citation without explicit permission) Gunboat Economics? An Essay about some of the Relationships between Wealth and Violence Introduction By working on the relevance of violence in economics (from an historical perspective) I discovered something seeming rather strange at first site: although there are a lot of historical examples that the performance (and appearance) of “gunboats” (not necessarily in the literal sense) directly influenced economic relations, there is no conceptual approach about that interrelation neither in economics nor in history. And while the term “gunboat diplomacy” is cited extensively in political and historical (and sometimes even in economical) contexts und even more, is commonly understood, there is no such thing as “gunboat economics” at all. To be correct, this is not completely true. In 1985 Jeffrey Garten published an article in Foreign Affairs even entitled “Gunboat Economics”. In the text however, he did not mention the term again and confuses it throughout the article, which is mainly a critique of Reaganomics and the unilateral (and economically protectionist) foreign policy of the administration Reagan I (1981-84), with gunboat diplomacy. Interestingly enough, during the last twenty years U.S. problem-solving did not change very much and both Bushes as well as Clinton continued and even intensified a foreign policy resting on means that can be summarized as “gunboats” (as I said, not necessarily in the literal sense, because the “gunboats” of our times are not battleships, but long-distance missiles, intervention forces and diplomatic pressure).
    [Show full text]
  • Dyndal, Gjert Lage (2009) Land Based Air Power Or Aircraft Carriers? the British Debate About Maritime Air Power in the 1960S
    Dyndal, Gjert Lage (2009) Land based air power or aircraft carriers? The British debate about maritime air power in the 1960s. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1058/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Land Based Air Power or Aircraft Carriers? The British debate about Maritime Air Power in the 1960s Gjert Lage Dyndal Doctor of Philosophy dissertation 2009 University of Glasgow Department for History Supervisors: Professor Evan Mawdsley and Dr. Simon Ball 2 Abstract Numerous studies, books, and articles have been written on Britains retreat from its former empire in the 1960s. Journalists wrote about it at the time, many people who were involved wrote about it in the immediate years that followed, and historians have tried to put it all together. The issues of foreign policy at the strategic level and the military operations that took place in this period have been especially well covered. However, the question of military strategic alternatives in this important era of British foreign policy has been less studied.
    [Show full text]
  • HIST 5195-003 Readings in International and Global History
    HIST 5195-003 Readings in International and Global History Professor Brad Simpson, Spring 2017 Mo 4:30PM - 7:30PM WOOD 4A Course Description and Objectives: This seminar will examine global and international history during the twentieth century from a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches. Its purpose is to survey some of the most innovative recent scholarship in the field (and a few that should cause us to think more critically about how we approach the field), work informed by considerations of gender, race, ideology, culture, development, domestic politics, international relations theory, political economy and recently released archival material from the former socialist bloc, some of which goes well beyond existing conceptions of foreign relations history. This course should be of interest to graduate students pursuing a project in US foreign relations, regional history, or international, transnational, and global history or seeking analytic purchase in such histories for their dissertation. For half of the semester (7 weeks) students will prepare a 2-3 page paper as a way of getting discussion going. Please bring copies of your paper to class and post them on the blackboard site. In these short papers the emphasis should be first on explaining the main points of the reading, and secondarily on offering a critique of those points. "Critique" does not mean tearing a book apart, but assessing a book's value, its importance, its place in the literature, and after that, what more we might have expected from it. Final Paper: Students will prepare a substantial review essay (15-20 pp) on a thematic topic of your choice in the field of international history or U.S.
    [Show full text]