First World War Military Sites: Infrastructure and Support
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1370 First World War Military Sites: Infrastructure and Support Report and Gazetteer Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Gwynedd Gwynedd Archaeological Trust First World War Military Sites: Infrastructure and Support Report and Gazetteer Project No. G2180 Report No. 1370 Prepared for: Cadw March 2017 Written by: Jane Kenney Illustration by: Jane Kenney Cover photograph: location of Balmoral Auxiliary Hospital, Llandudno Cyhoeddwyd gan Ymddiriedolaeth Achaeolegol Gwynedd mddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Gwynedd Craig Beuno, Ffordd y Garth, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2RT Published by Gwynedd Archaeological Trust Gwynedd Archaeological Trust Craig Beuno, Garth Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2RT Cadeiryddes/Chair - Yr Athro/Professor Nancy Edwards, B.A., PhD, F.S.A. Prif Archaeolegydd/Chief Archaeologist - Andrew Davidson, B.A., M.I.F.A. Mae Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Gwynedd yn Gwmni Cyfyngedig (Ref Cof. 1180515) ac yn Elusen (Rhif Cof. 508849) Gwynedd Archaeological Trust is both a Limited Company (Reg No. 1180515) and a Charity (reg No. 508849) FIRST WORLD WAR MILITARY SITES: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPPORT GAT PROJECT NO. G2180 GAT REPORT NO. 1370 Report and Gazetteer Contents SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. METHODOLOGY 2 2.1. Desk Top Study 2 2.2. Fieldwork 3 2.3. Report 3 2.4. Archiving 3 2.5. Outreach 3 2.6. Copyright 4 3. RESULTS 6 3.1. Introduction 6 3.2. Military Hospitals, Auxiliary Hospitals and Convalescent Homes 6 3.3. Billets for Soldiers 24 3.4. Food production 26 3.5. Organisations and Societies 31 3.6. Belgian Refugees 38 3.7. Conscientious Objectors 41 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 42 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 43 6. SOURCES 43 6.1. Published references 43 6.2. Unpublished reports 44 6.3. Websites 44 6.4. Record Of¿ces and Archives 45 6.5. Newspapers 46 7. APPENDIX I: GAZETTEER OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPPORT SITES 47 7.1. Military hospitals/convalescent homes 47 7.2. Medical supply depots and workrooms 59 7.3. Buildings and sites used by soldiers in training or transit 61 7.4. Allotments 64 7.5. Forestry 65 7.6. Sites relating to the work of Societies and Institutes during the War 67 7.7. Buildings housing Belgian Refugees 69 7.8. Sites relating to Conscientious Objectors 73 FIGURES AND PLATES Figures Figure 1. Location of sites studied under the “infrastructure and support” theme (with PRNs for those not shown on more detailed maps) Figure 2. “Infrastructure and support” sites in Holyhead Figure 3. Hospital sites in Trearddur Bay, Holy Island, shown on 1924 25 inch OS map Figure 4. “Infrastructure and support” sites in Caernarfon, shown on 1918 25 inch OS map Figure 5. “Infrastructure and support” sites in Menai Bridge and Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, Anglesey Figure 6. “Infrastructure and support” sites in Bangor, shown on 1914 25 inch OS map Figure 7. “Infrastructure and support” sites in Llanfairfechan and Penmaenmawr Figure 8. “Infrastructure and support” sites in Llandudno, shown on 1913 25 inch OS map Figure 9. The felling camp and related features near Tregarth, Bangor Plates Plate 1. Military Hospital, Bangor, later St. David¶s Hospital (PRN 6239) (Caernarfon Record Of¿ce: XS3277/1) Plate 2. Nannau, site of the Of¿cers¶ Neurological Hospital (PRN 1968) Plate 3. Ty’r Enfys, Trearddur Bay, a non-Red Cross convalescent home (PRN 62302) Plate 4. Bodlondeb Castle, Church Walks, Llandudno (PRN 11942) Plate 5. Wounded soldiers and nurses outside Plas Trescawen (PRN 62301) (Courtesy of Anglesey Archives WSP/151) Plate 6. Plas Tudno, Llandudno, a non-Red Cross hospital (PRN 62305) Plate 7. Caerynwch Hall, Brithdir (PRN 12323) (Courtesy of Dolgellau Record Of¿ce ZS/2/113 (date unknown)) Plate 8. Pale Hall, Corwen (PRN 34175), in about 1875, shortly after it was built (Wikimedia Commons image) Plate 9. Baron Hill (PRN 11004) from the air as it is now in a very ruined state Plate 10. Soldiers and their pets at Bodlondeb Hospital, Bangor, c.1916 (PRN 24852) ((CP 1206/4/47) image provided courtesy of Conwy Archives Service) Plate 11. The Jewish Chabad Retreat Centre that may formerly have been Red Court Red Cross Hospital, Church Walks, Llandudno (PRN 62306) Plate 12. The Penrhyn Cottage VAD Hospital, Bangor (PRN 62293) (made available on the internet by salfordwarmemorials.proboards.com) Plate 13. Holyhead Sea Cadets’ hall formerly the Stanley Sailors’ Home, Newry, Holyhead (PRN 58712) Plate 14. Patients at the Lady Forrester Home during the War (PRN 12264) (photograph courtesy of Adrian Hughes, Home Front Museum, Llandudno) Plate 15. Lady Forester Convalescent Home, Llandudno (PRN 12264) (Copyright RCAHMW) Plate 16. Malam Court formerly the Edward Malam Home, Warren Drive, Degannwy (PRN 62303) Plate 17. The former Darien or Cliff Hotel, Trearddur Bay (PRN 62294), now apartments Plate 18. The Balmoral, Llandudno (PRN 62308), ¿rst a YMCA hostel, then the Balmoral Red Cross Hospital, and now apartments Plate 19. 88-90 Mostyn Street, Llandudno (PRN 62339), once the Cafe Royal and Majestic Ballroom, used in the First World War by the Royal Welch Fusiliers as their Battalion Headquarters Plate 20. Oriel Mostyn, Llandudno (PRN 62343) requisitioned in 1914 as an army drill hall Plate 21. Craig Beuno, Garth Road, Bangor (PRN 34688). Head-quarters for the Lancashire Brigade while they were training in the Bangor area Plate 22. Part of area possibly used for the Rest Camp for soldiers in transit through Holyhead (PRN 62338) Plate 23. The ¿eld suggested as the location of the felling camp (PRN 58738), now partly overgrown by gorse. Plate 24. Lord and Lady Baden Powell visiting the YMCA hut (PRN 62331) at Conwy Morfa 1915 (Caernarfon RO: XS/881/3) Plate 25. The summer house (PRN 6652) at Y Graig used by the Llanfairpwllgwyngyll WI during their ¿rst 6 years (courtesy of Anglesey Archives (WSG/4/139)) Plate 26. Hut (PRN 33384) purchased from Kinmel Army Camp and erected in 1921 next to the toll house on land donated by Lord Anglesey to provide a permanent meeting hall for the Llanfairpwllgwyngyll WI Plate 27. Penrhyndeudraeth WI Meeting Hall (PRN 62330) at Minffordd Plate 28. Photograph of the Girls Friendly Society Lodge (PRN 62326) on Church Walks, Llandudno (date unknown) (Conwy RO: CP3203/29/26) Plate 29. The Grand Ash Hotel, Gloddaeth St, Llandudno, formerly One Ash (PRN 62323), where Belgian refugees stayed during the First World War Plate 30. 7 and 8 Nant Terrace, Menai Bridge (PRN 62348), where Belgian refugees stayed during the First World War Plate 31. Postcard of Castle Street, Beaumaris showing the YWCA building (http://picclick.co.uk/Wales-Beaumaris-Castle-Street-YWCA-vintage-voiture-car-182282218075.html) Plate 32. Belgian Promenade, Menai Bridge (PRN 58690), looking towards the Menai Bridge FIRST WORLD WAR MILITARY SITES: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPPORT GAT PROJECT NO. G2180 GAT REPORT NO. 1370 Report and Gazetteer SUMMARY This report describes the results of a study, carried out by Gwynedd Archaeological Trust and grant aided by Cadw, of First World War sites in north-west Wales coming under the theme of “infrastructure and support”. It focuses particularly on the military and auxiliary hospitals in the area but also looks at a range of activities that local people in north-west Wales undertook to help the war effort. This includes efforts to increase in food production and forestry, the work of local societies and the use of existing buildings to accommodate soldiers during training and %elgian refugees. 2ver all sites have been identi¿ed and included in the ga]etteer appendix I . All the sites are included in an Access database to assist inclusion into the HER, and there is an accompanying MapInfo table of polygons. The history and background of these sites are considered and their current condition was checked and recorded at a basic level. The work for this proMect was undertaken in the ¿nancial year -. Mae’r adroddiad hwn yn disgri¿o canlyniadau astudiaeth, a gynhaliwyd gan Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Gwynedd gyda chymorth grant gan Cadw, o saÀeoedd Rhyfel Byd Cyntaf yng ngogledd-orllewin Cymru dan y thema “isadeiledd a chefnogaeth.” Mae’n canolbwyntio’n benodol ar yr ysbytai milwrol ac ategol yn yr ardal, ond hefyd yn edrych ar ystod o weithgareddau y gwnaeth pobl leol yng Ngogledd-orllewin Cymru ymgymryd â nhw i helpu ymdrech y rhyfel. Roedd hyn yn cynnwys ymdrechion i gynyddu cynhyrchu bwyd a choedwigaeth, gwaith cymdeithasau lleol a defnyddio adeiladau presennol i letya ffoaduriaid o Wlad Belg a milwyr yn ystod hyfforddiant. Mae dros 93 o saÀeoedd wedi cael eu hadnabod a’u cynnwys yn y mynegai daearyddol (atodiad I). Mae’r holl saÀeoedd wedi cael eu cynnwys mewn cronfa ddata Access i gynorthwyo eu cynnwys yn y Cofnod Amgylchedd Hanesyddol (HER) ac mae yna dabl MapInfo o bolygonau. Mae hanes a chefndir y saÀeoedd hyn yn cael eu hystyried a chafodd eu cyÀwr presennol ei wirio a’i gofnodi ar lefel sylfaenol. Cafodd y gwaith ar y prosiect hwn ei wneud yn ystod y Àwyddyn ariannol 2016-17. 1. INTRODUCTION This project is part of a pan-Wales initiative to identify and record the most signi¿cant elements of twentieth century military architecture across the country and to inform designation and management priorities. With the centenary of the First World War sites of this period are the focus of the project for 2014 to 2018. The 2013-14 phase of the project comprised a programme of baseline data collection and a pilot ¿eld study. From 2014 the project is to focus each year on a theme identi¿ed in the CBA publication Modern Military Matters (Scho¿eld 2004). These are listed as:- Military landscapes Research and Development and manufacturing Infrastructure and support Operations Commemoration For the year 2016-17 the theme was Infrastructure and Support. A major focus for this theme has been hospitals and convalescent homes as many hundreds of thousands of wounded soldiers required nursing after being returned from the front.