South East APRIL 2010 Volume 4 Number 2 Newsletter of the Land for Wildlife Program South East Queensland ISSN 1835-3851

Contents

2 Editorial & Contacts

Fauna 1 Treefrogs of SEQ 3 Fauna Vignettes The Graceful Treefrog (Litoria gracilenta) has bright yellow Carpet Python Courtship sides and feet and can be found in low vegetation around streams and dams. Its call is a long moaning “aaaare”. 6-7 Living with Snakes in SEQ Photo by Melissa Prociv.

The Red-eyed Treefrog (Litoria chloris) is distinguished by Flora its orange-red eyes and is mostly found in rainforests. Its 8 Marsdenia lloydii and Notelaea call is a drawn-out moan followed by soft double trills. lloydii Photo by Deborah Metters. 9 Native of SEQ 11 “Grow Me Instead” program

Treefrogs of SEQ Weeds ue to the recent rains it has been a 4-5 Ochna Eradication in East Dgreat time to find out more about Brisbane the frogs that live in SEQ. Some of the 10-11 Syngoniums Jump the Fence easiest frogs to become familiar with are the treefrogs. They are often found 12 Weed Alert - Aerial Yam around homes perched on windows, walls, pot , and in the case of the Green Treefrog, often toilet cisterns. Treefrogs are The Emerald-spotted Treefrog (Litoria Responsible Pet Ownership generally more colourful than other frogs peronii) has small bright green dots over 14-15 Are Pet Cats Compatible making them somewhat easier to identify. its back. Its call is a long, loud descending rattle or cackle. Photo by Melissa Prociv. with Wildlife? Treefrogs have developed broad flanges around their fingers and toes that create body temperature from external sources circular pads to help them climb vertical and they need to keep their skin moist. Property Profile surfaces. The pads of the Green Treefrog You can help provide habitats for treefrogs 9 My Little Corner have microscopic gaps in them that secrete by making your dam wildlife friendly a glue substance allowing this to The Smoking (growing native sedges, reeds and aquatic climb and hold onto smooth, wet surfaces. plants around the edge of the dam; As with all common names, the partially submerging logs into the dam; terminology “treefrog” can be a bit and trying to ensure that part of the dam is 8 Vale - Lloyd Bird misleading. Treefrogs can be found in , kept shaded and cool), and by maintaining 13 Book Reviews sitting in streams, hiding in low vegetation native ground cover and understorey or in bathroom sinks. Their activities plants in riparian areas. Frogs are sensitive 16 International Year of depend on environmental conditions such to environmental pollution so minimise Biodiversity as moisture, temperature and availability chemical use around creeks and dams. of prey. All Australian treefrogs are in the Removing strands of Cane Toad eggs when Litoria. Frogs can be best seen on you find them will also help native frog Published with the assistance of warm wet nights as all frogs obtain their populations. the Australian Government. editorial

aving spent most of my life in the arid clearing. Remnant fragments of Brigalow Land for Wildlife Hinterior of this country, I have found are listed as nationally endangered, but Extension Officers the recent rains a little repetitive. From as you can see from roadsides around South East Queensland the 1st Feb to 16th March, SEQ received Minden, some are forgotten patches in 424 mm (Brisbane Airport), 475 mm the landscape surrounded by human Brisbane City Council (Southport) and a staggering 833 mm for endeavours that do offer financial returns. All enquiries, 3403 6777 Nambour. Hopefully our tanks and dams Stewardship payments, ecosystem service Fflur Collier are all full, weeds are easier to pull out and payments and tax breaks are discussed, Jenny Staples we will enjoy lovely displays of wildflowers. and to varying degrees, offered, to Greg Siepen Scott Sumner In mid March I visited some Land for landholders to manage these precious Susan Finlay Wildlife properties around Marburg and remnant patches. I hope that in the near Minden. It was great to spend time with future, landholders will receive adequate Gold Coast City Council LfW Officers Martin Bennett, Peter Copping and secure financial returns for their Darryl Larsen, 5582 8896 and Andrew Bailey who shared their management of our remnant ecosystems. Lexie Webster, 5582 8344 botanical knowledge and history of those In the meantime, I trust that through the Ipswich City Council landscapes and its people with me. Land for Wildlife program, landholders can Peter Copping, 3810 6608 at least receive personalised advice and, Some properties we visited had impressive Mark Bell, 3810 6666 depending on Local Government area, stands of mature Brigalow forest Andrew Bailey, 3810 6666 access to workshops and grants for on- surrounded by country that was cleared ground works. Lockyer Valley Regional Council at least 60 years ago. There have been Martin Bennett, 5462 0376 financial incentives and laws supporting I hope you enjoy this newsletter. There are land clearance in this country for a long some great contributions from Land for Logan City Council time. It is amazing that these fragments Wildlife members on Ochna eradication, Rachel Booth, 3412 5321 of a past ecosystem remain scattered snakes that eat Cane Toads, how to live Nicole Lechner, 3412 4859 Lyndall Rosevear, 3412 4860 across this modern landscape, especially with pet cats and wildlife, and ballistic ecosystems such as Brigalow, which are pollen dispersal! Moreton Bay Regional Council fire-sensitive, flower irregularly and set Thanks to all contributors, and as always, I Amanda Sargeant, 3283 0291 seed even less frequently. welcome any stories or photographs that Stuart Mutzig, 3283 0296 Ed Surman, 3283 1235 I believe that there needs to be more you wish to share with the LfW network. financial incentives offered to landholders Redland City Council to enable them to protect these remnant Deborah Metters Melanie Harrison, 3820 1106 patches and manage them against the Land for Wildlife Gavin Hammermeister, 3820 1102 persistent pressures of weeds, fire and Regional Coordinator SEQ Catchments Scenic Rim Regional Council Keith McCosh, 5540 5436 Somerset Regional Council Martin Bennett, 0428 198 353 Landholder Registrations, Land for Wildlife SEQ - 16/03/2010 Michelle Ledwith, 5422 0516

Registered Working Towards Total Area under Sunshine Coast Regional Council Total Area Retained Dave Burrows, 5485 1318 Properties Registration Restoration Josh Birse, 5475 7345 Stephanie Reif, 5475 7395 2637 580 47,260 ha 2,814 ha Nick Clancy, 5439 6433 Alan Wynn, 5439 6477

Forward all Letters to the Editor, Land for Wildlife South East Queensland is Toowoomba Regional Council Fauna Vignettes and My Little Corner a quarterly publication distributed free of All enquiries, 4688 6611 charge to members of the Land for Wildlife contributions to: program in South East Queensland. The Editor Print run - 4485 Burnett Mary Region Land for Wildlife Newsletter Back copies from 2007 - 2010 Gympie, Fraser Coast, SEQ Catchments available for download from North & South Burnett, PO Box 13204 www.seqcatchments.com.au/LFW.html Bundaberg and George Street QLD 4003 Back copies from 1998 - 2006 Baffle Creek Regions 07 3211 4404 available upon request to the Editor. For all regions contact the Burnett Mary [email protected] ISSN 1835-3851 Regional Group, 4181 2999 Land for Wildlife is a voluntary program that encourages and assists landholders to provide habitat for wildlife on their properties.

www.seqcatchments.com.au/LFW.html

2 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 \

Fauna Vignettes is a feature designed for you - Land for Wildlife members - to send in images of wildlife and their habitats from your property. In 2010, all contributors to Fauna Vignettes will receive a free Suburban and Environmental Weeds of South-East Queensland DVD valued at $64.90. Send good quality images and a short story to the Editor (see pg 2). fauna These scars on the male Carpet Python are vignettes probably the result of ritual combat with other male pythons vying for the right to mate with the local female. Carpet Python Courtship

here are some people who cannot abide fights to determine which gets to mate Tsnakes. But for the most part snakes with the local female. They may injure live solitary lives, they are often mainly each other in the process; they are non- nocturnal and they are not prone to attack venomous but have many sharp teeth. people unless they are provoked. So when The victorious male locates the female by a friend reported in early October that a scent, technically known as a “pheromone”. large snake had taken up residence in a Mating is “passive”, they make contact by recess under the bearers of her first floor nose bumps, and subsequent copulation is verandah, neither she nor we were unduly slow and repeated, with partners lying for concerned. However an interesting series of long periods, side by side or intertwined. events has since been observed. Obviously this is what is going on at our friend’s carport. This snake was subsequently recognised to be a 2.5 metre long female Queensland After mating, the fertilised female can Coastal Carpet Python (Morelia spilota). retain her eggs, which may number A couple of days after she had settled as many as 47, for up to eight months in, an even larger python was seen to in adverse conditions. When climate be exploring a way up to join her in her conditions are suitable, most usually in retreat. It had some scars on its back and November or December, she then lays her was obviously a male. After an hour or so eggs in a nest she makes sheltered under of gymnastics, it succeeded in entering the vegetation. Unlike most other snakes, she same recess. After this initial meeting the incubates the eggs by coiling around them, pythons have daily spent some hours at a especially at night, and she will defend time lying alongside or entwined with each the brood with vigour if it is threatened. other, in the sun, along the top of the gate. Hatching then takes two to three months. They later retire to their recess, presumably The young are vulnerable to predators, when they have gained body heat. This but fully grown pythons are virtually never behaviour has now been repeated for the taken on by carnivores, which would past fortnight, and as the days go on the usually perish by constriction if they were male appears to be losing weight. to try!

Most popular small snake books have little References to say about the social life of snakes and Queensland Museum Website – concentrate mainly on the identification “Queensland snakes” and distribution of species. However the Hoser, R (1982) Australian Pythons (Part 4), Queensland Museum website threw more in HERPETILE, Journal of the International light on what seems to be happening at our Herpetological Society, pp 2-17. friend’s place. Having followed the scent of a female In the wild, male Carpet Pythons John Jeffreys python, this male Carpet Python is trying to outnumber females by between 5 and Land for Wildlife member find an entrance into the recess where the 10 to one. In spring the males engage in Eumundi, Sunshine Coast female is residing.

Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 3 weed management

Ochna Eradication in East Brisbane

Article by Jak Guyomar Land for Wildlife member Gumdale, Brisbane

his is a record of my experiences Teradicating (also known as Ochna or Mickey Mouse ) from our Voluntary Conservation Covenant property at Gumdale, in Brisbane’s East. Eradication commenced in 2000 when we joined Land for Wildlife with Brisbane City Council. The right of this photo shows a typical Ochna infestation densely covering the Our property is approximately 4 ha with entire understorey on Jak’s property. The left side of this photo shows the result of full canopy cover of Eucalypt, Acacia, years of diligent weed control with a diverse and open understorey. Melaleuca, Lophostemon, Allocasuarina and other plants. Ochna had covered Herbicide Results glyphosate. Experimentation was carried approximately 80% of the understorey with out by adding a bit of carp liquid fertiliser an impenetrable thicket. There were up to I experimented with various concentrations to the mixture. It is not clear if there was a 100 Ochna plants per square metre, some of water to glyphosate using lower bigger hit rate using this. 3 metres high. It was so thick that it had concentrations in the earlier period and choked out even the lantana! increasing as we observed the results.

Ochna serrulata is a small woody with 1 part glyphosate to 5 parts water (1:5) narrow glossy leaves with serrated edges. Approximately 30% hit rate. Most Its flowers are bright yellow with five petals affected plants were less than 5 mm with green sepals below them. The sepals in diameter. Anything over this size re- remain after the fruit forms and turn scarlet sprouted with a vengeance. red. Fruit of Ochna is green and becomes 1 part glyphosate to 3 parts water (1:3) black when ripe, with the combination Approximately 50% hit rate. This of red sepals and black fruit giving it its eliminated plants up to 10 mm in ‘Mickey Mouse plant’ name. diameter. Again plants over this size re- sprouted, with large ones sending out Modus Operandi many sprouts. The large ones with 20 or Two methods of eradication were used. more!

Method 1. Digging and hand pulling. 1 part glyphosate to 2 parts water (1:2) This was experimented with for some Approximately 70% hit rate. Larger plants time; however, due to the brittle nature were still not affected. of the roots and the magnitude of the Ochna seedling showing the “fusible 1 part glyphosate to 1 part water (1:1) area to treat, it proved unsuccessful. Even link” on root. Approximately 95% hit rate. Large plant when wet weather softened the ground, stumps were additionally split with a approximately 70% of the roots were left machete into a number of segments and Revisiting Treated Areas behind. This resulted in massive regrowth then dosed. The plants of this size (25-70 with up to 50 extra sucker plants from the The treated areas were monitored for mm) had approximately a 70% hit rate. In roots of only one large plant. regrowth every 6 months. the remainder, while the stump and roots Method 2. Cut and dab the stump with adjacent to it died, the roots further out • 6 months after treatment. The only plants Glyphosate. The cutting was done with big re-sprouted over a period of a couple of seen were the ones we missed. secateurs for larger plants and standard size years. These were dealt with by digging • 12 months after treatment. A few ones for smaller plants. them out with a garden fork. seedlings began to appear after rain. These A glyphosate mixture was very carefully While this is last method is very labour were carefully hand pulled. It is important applied to the stump with a small, intensive, it has proven to be the only to note that Ochna seedlings have a built inexpensive pressure garden sprayer. successful technique for this regrowth. in “fusible” point which breaks when hand This was done precisely, to avoid any Great care is necessary to make sure that pulling is done. Thus leaving the stump and application to the adjacent ground. all roots that break off are treated with 1:1 root to regrow later. Very cunning!

4 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 This photo shows an area almost free of Ochna one year after a treatment using Jak Guyomar (left) with the team of Conservation 1:1 glyphosate application to stumps. Note that the cut Ochna on the ground has Partnership Officers from Brisbane City Council (L started to breakdown into mulch showing that the cut plants need not be removed to R) Scott Sumner, Sue Nolan, Greg Siepen and from the site. Fflur Collier.

There was also re-sprouting of remaining One of the positive reasons found for the digging and hand pulling over a long roots of the larger plants. Cutting and careful hand cutting and dabbing of Ochna period had a devastating effect on small dabbing these sprouts was done. was that there were approximately 10 small native species. Also the “ploughed” ground indigenous plants to the square metre effect that digging and pulling encouraged • 18 months after initial treatment. More growing under it. Any digging would have infestation of other exotic weed species. seedlings appeared and were hand pulled. damaged and/or killed these. There were In my personal experience, herbicide use The cut and dabbed sprouts from the roots various native species of grasses, sedges, with glyphosate and fluroxypyr is the also regrew. These had to be eradicated herbs and shrub seedlings which have less damaging method with the greatest by fork digging of all remaining roots and since thrived and in-filled the understorey. glyphosate treating any “loose ends” by positive outcome. very careful dabbing. Some people have a philosophical objection to the use of any chemical • Over regular 6 month periods all of the substances for weeding. For small above was repeated. The number of plants infestations of Ochna (a few square requiring treatment diminished each time meters) which are manageable by manual until an Ochna free result was achieved. or mechanical means this is practical, Recent experimenting with herbicide but when infestation is on a large scale control of regrowth using fluroxypyr to (ie. hectares of thickets) this type of the manufacturer’s recommendations has management is unrealistic and impractical. proved to be very successful. It was done At the thicket level of infestation the when the regrowth was no more than 10 disturbance caused by digging and to 20 centimetres tall. The surrounding hand-pulling causes untold damage to susceptible plants were protected with small native understorey plants such as plastic buckets placed over them, and very lomandras, lobelias, grasses, ghanias, careful spraying of the Ochna regrowth ground orchids and other seedlings. carried out. Therefore I feel that it is an unacceptable Ongoing vigilance is required to keep the method as it is more devastating than property free of Ochna, as there is a lot of the method of singularly cutting and it in this district on other properties both stump dabbing. Only a small amount of adjoining and distant (confounded crows!). glyphosate is accurately applied to each Ochna’s distinct flowers and fruit. I am working with adjoining owners to stump and none is allowed to go anywhere Photos by Sheldon Navie from Suburban encourage the removal of Ochna from their else. The digging of Ochna regrowth as & Environmental Weeds of SEQ & Northern properties, even if I have to physically do it mentioned earlier is only minimal and NSW, CD 2002. myself. so little disruption occurs. This results in maximum survival of indigenous plants. Revegetation Initially I used digging and hand pulling I found that there was no need to plant any of Ochna and this invariably resulted in new material. around 70% regrowth. The continuous

Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 5 fauna profile Living with Snakes in SEQ

Article by Deborah Metters Land for Wildlife Regional Coordinator SEQ Catchments

t the end of last year, I attended one Aof the Queensland Museum’s Wildlife Workshops on snakes of SEQ. The presenter, Kieran Aland, is passionate about these animals and has accumulated a wealth of knowledge through years of studying and living with snakes. This article is a summary of Kieran’s workshop. Snakes need to shed their skins to repair damages and to grow. Species can be identified by their old skins. Photo by Kieran Aland. Whether we like it or not, we all live close to snakes in SEQ. Within 500 metres of the workshop at the museum there would have been Yellow-faced Whipsnakes along SEQ) and it is up to us to learn how to live teeth periodically to maintain good health. the rocky edges of the Brisbane River with them. White milky eyes indicate that the snake hunting skinks, Carpet Pythons resting is getting ready to shed its skin as the skin Some of us see snakes regularly whereas covering the eyes is also shed. in ceilings, Keelbacks hunting frogs and many people have never seen a snake in toads around ponds and nocturnal Brown the wild. Snakes lead very complex lives Most snakes eat skinks and other lizards. Tree Snakes hunting sleeping birds in in close proximity to humans despite not As Kieran explained, the size and shape of tree tops. SEQ is full of snakes (about being seen often. lizards makes them easy to eat, much like one-fifth of all Australian species occur in kids enjoying spaghetti! There are several Snakes are more closely related to goannas different techniques used by snakes for Carpet Pythons remember where good than to legless lizards. Some legless catching prey. The ambush method is used prey can be found such as this mulberry lizards look like snakes due to convergent by some snakes as they sit and wait for tree in Moggill that attracts flying foxes evolution (species end up with similar prey to walk by. Snakes that use ambush when it is fruiting. Photo by Kieran Aland. traits despite being unrelated genetically). hunting will find a fresh scent of their prey All snakes in have forked along a branch or path and simply wait tongues (legless lizards do not). Forked patiently within accurate striking range of tongues provide snakes with the ability to the branch or path. determine the direction of a scent. If there is more scent on the right side of the fork, the snake will veer right. “Studies have shown that snakes that are able to hide in Most nocturnal snakes have small eyes good cover will rarely interact and they rely heavily on scent to find their with humans.” way. Most Australian pythons also have highly sensitive thermal imagery receptors on their scales that help them track the Snakes are known to return to a location direction of a heat source. This system year after year where their prey gathers. works best when there is a large difference For example, one fruiting mulberry tree at between the ambient temperature and the Moggill attracts up to four Carpet Pythons temperature of their prey. each year. The pythons are waiting for flying Snake skin is very sensitive and needs to foxes to land to eat the ripe mulberries. be shed regularly to repair damages. The Pythons are experts at “punching” and frequency of sloughing (shedding of the gripping their prey with their teeth and skin) is highly variable and is influenced then very quickly wrapping their bodies by several factors such as breeding cycles, around their prey to avoid being bitten and injuries and growth rate that is proportional scratched by the struggling animal. Other to food availability. Aquatic and rainforest snakes simple strike their prey quickly, dwelling species also tend to slough more inject venom and immediately retreat frequently than desert dwelling species. allowing the prey to become immobilised Juvenile snakes that have access to before consuming. frequent meals may shed as often as seven We have probably all seen photographs of times a year while mature snakes may only snakes (especially pythons) eating huge shed two to three times per year. animals in comparison to the size of the Snakes also shed their tongue tips and snake. How does a snake breathe when it

6 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 Snakes are highly efficient animals. For example, adult Carpet Pythons, such as these males who are fighting to win the right to mate with the local female, may only need to eat one wallaby per year to Whipsnakes, such as this Black Whipsnake, are active daytime hunters that rely on their survive. Photo by Phil Moran. large eyes to detect fast moving skinks. Photo by Kieran Aland. has a wallaby in its mouth, throat and part property, there are several very good field of its stomach? Apparently their trachea guides available. Given that some snakes acts like a snorkel running from their lips to such as brown snakes, tree snakes and their lungs allowing the snake to breathe pythons can be highly variable in colour, while ingesting huge animals; a process patterns and size, it can be difficult to that may take hours to complete. accurately identify a snake from one photo in a field guide. The best way to accurately The Death Adder that was on display at the identify a snake is to use identification workshop performed its hunting strategy keys that are found in good field guides. for us to witness. Its tail-tip was very thin, However, using keys may require you to segmented and worm-like. It had hidden count scales and to look closely at the its body brilliantly amongst leaf litter and scales around the eye. Obviously, it is not remained completely still while it wriggled recommended to do this with live snakes! its tail-tip to look just like a caterpillar or Roadkill can be an excellent resource to worm. This “worm” is designed to attract learn more about snakes up close. the attention of passing quails, skinks and other animals that adders eat. If you want to attract these complex and secretive animals to your garden, you can A key message from the workshop was that create good snake habitat by layering rocks snakes are all about economy. They do not or cracked concrete to provide rocky ledges play. They only expend energy when they and shelter. Stacking garden waste, logs need to. They are incredibly efficient in and leaf litter will also provide habitat for how they use energy. Small active snakes snakes and will attract snake prey such as such as whipsnakes and tree snakes may skinks. A frog pond or well vegetated dam need to eat two to three times per week may also attract some snakes. whereas large pythons tend to eat large infrequent meals. They are very economical Studies have shown that snakes that and, as an example, a healthy adult python are able to hide in good cover will rarely could survive in an environment without interact with humans. Whereas snakes that food, water or fresh air for approximately have to leave their shelter to cross lawns three weeks, without food or water for and concrete are more likely to come in approximately seven months and without contact with humans and potentially cause food for as long as three years. concern.

Some snakes lay eggs, some give birth I can definitely recommend the Queensland to live young, some incubate their eggs, Museum’s Wildlife Workshops. Visit their The Keelback is the only known Australian some just lay and leave their eggs. There website or call them to join their mailing snake that can survive eating mature Cane are advantages and disadvantages to all list to receive notification about their 2010 Toads. All other snakes die as a result of methods. In early March there are often lots workshop series. ingesting the toxins excreted by toads. As of baby snakes around. By the end of April, these photos show, the Keelback is not lots of these baby snakes have been eaten afraid to take on an adult toad. by kookaburras and other predators. Photographs generously provided by If you are keen to learn more about the Alana Shereston, Land for Wildlife member, snakes that are around your home and Diamond Valley, Sunshine Coast.

Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 7 n Thursday the 10th of September Lloyd began collecting specimens for vale O2009, Ipswich said good-bye to one identification. These were carefully pressed of it’s most loved sons, in Lloyd Bird, and sent to the Queensland Herbarium, naturalist, self-taught botanist, champion where an amazing number were kept for for the environment and silent force the state collection. At last count, Lloyd behind the emergence and blossoming of had contributed over 1100 specimens conservation in Ipswich. personally, and collaborated on a further 1000. Among the more important Lloyd passed peacefully after a brief battle specimens collected were a number of with illness, with his dear wife Dulcie at his newly discovered species, two of which side. shown below, bear his name. Interestingly, From humble beginnings in the coal botanists chose to name them Notelaea mining industry, Lloyd quietly earned the lloydii and Marsdenia lloydii rather than N. respect of an entire community, for his birdii and M. birdii. tireless work in the field of native plant Many school and community groups will conservation. Lloyd became interested in sadly miss Lloyd’s educational talks, which native plants whilst revegetating old mine were an entertaining mix of passionate sites, and quickly coined the phrase “the plant knowledge, gentle inspiration and right tree in the right spot”, after noting the larrikin yarns, all delivered whilst wearing clear advantage that local native plants had his favourite blue t-shirt and cloth hat. Lloyd Bird OAM over introduced varieties. It was widely known that when Lloyd To better understand the local vegetation, got started on his favourite subject, the (22/12/29 - 6/9/09) time management part of his brain was rapidly starved of oxygen in favour of his enlarged lobe of enthusiasm. And always, Lloyd would keep his audiences absolutely enthralled, no matter what their age, background or profession.

Lloyd’s dedication, persistence and hard work were formally recognised on many occasions. He never spoke much about his awards, so I will briefly mention that they included the Order of Australia Medal for services to botany and conservation, the Ipswich Citizen of the Year, and numerous Landcare and Arbor Day awards.

He often told me he would rather be “poking around the bush” than accepting civic awards, particularly since the latter meant having to wear slacks, a collared shirt and a tie. Whether this was true or Lloyd’s Milk Vine or Corky Milk Vine (Marsdenia lloydii) is a small climbing vine with milky not, there are two things we can be certain sap and a white fissured corky covering over the stems. Photos by Glenn Leiper. about. The first is that he was immensely proud of his OAM, and secondly, that any award ceremony was considered a great opportunity to tell a few plant stories.

Of the many mourners who attended Lloyd’s memorial service, all would remember Lloyd as a quiet, yet passionate man, the gentleman in the blue t-shirt and cloth hat, who left a legacy far greater than many of us realise.

I would like to end with two of my favourite of Lloyd’s sayings;

“Geez, I’d talk to the Devil about plants if he listened”, and “If they don’t have trees in Heaven, I’m not sure I’m interested.” Well, I’m sure they do, and I’m sure Lloyd has Small-fruited Mock Olive or Lloyd’s Olive (Notelaea lloydii) is a small shrub found around gathered a crowd of very willing helpers to the Boonah district with stiff opposite leaves and twiggy branches. Lloyd told the story plant a few more. that when he sent this specimen into the herbarium, they kept saying it was Notelaea linearis. It wasn’t until the third specimen that someone looked at it in a different light. The Written by Peter Copping Lloyd Bird Park at Mt Crosby has a sign dedicated to Lloyd Bird and his discovery of this Land for Wildlife Extension Officer native olive. Photo by Glenn Leiper. Ipswich City Council

8 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 here are eight hibiscus species listed Tin the Mangroves to Mountains book, seven of which are native. They are Hibiscus divaricatus, H. diversifolius, H. heterophyllus, H. meraukensis, H. splendens, H. sturtii and H. tiliaceus.

We are fortunate to have native hibiscus occurring in SEQ. Not only are these hardy plants attractive to us but they also Article and images by Colleen and are attractive to local wildlife. Blooms of Geoff Keena, Glamorgan Vale flora profile native hibiscus attract insects. Frogs can Visit their informative and colourful be found on blooms and foliage. We have website at www.hibiscus.org Native Hibiscus of SEQ seen parrots eating seeds and caterpillars feeding on leaves. H. sturtii. Hibiscus diversifolius grows it is probably Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, an Native hibiscus are fast growing, hardy naturally in or near swamps and can be introduced species. If you see a hibiscus and suitable for most soils in full to partial found on Bribie Island. Hibiscus sturtii is with mauve flowers, it is probably Hibiscus sun but should be protected in frost prone local but only performs as an annual. syriacus, another introduced species. The areas. Native hibiscus species have proved hibiscus that changes colour from white to H. trionum var. trionum is also listed hardy in the recent drought and make pink is Hibiscus mutabilis, again not a native. in Mangroves to Mountains but is an good pot plants. They may be damaged introduced species. H. trionum var. Rosella, Hibiscus sabdariffa, is not a native when temperatures dip below 0ºC but they vesicarius is the native form, but both forms species, although it is closely related to the usually recover. They are easily propagated have weed potential. We have grown all the four native species profiled below. Rosellas from seeds or cuttings. Irritant hairs on seed species listed in Mangroves to Mountains. have become naturalised in tropical capsules must be avoided. areas and companies that market rosella Unfortunately, until recently it has been This article details four of the most products advertise them as ‘wild hibiscus’ difficult to get seedlings of native hibiscus common hibiscus species in SEQ. It is worth which adds to the confusion as to whether species. This is changing with the help of noting that these four species, Hibiscus or not they are native. native plant nurseries and people like Peter heterophyllus, H. divaricatus, H. splendens Bevan who now sell native hibiscus at the Native hibiscus plants are quick growing and H. meraukensis are closely related and Fernvale Markets. and they bloom mainly in the warmer can cross with each other. months. It is recommended that the tips As native hibiscus flowers in SEQ are There are smaller species that also grow in are pruned regularly to form a compact mostly white, pink or yellow, this means SEQ such as Hibiscus diversifolius and bush and that the whole plant is pruned by that if you see a hibiscus with red blooms, one-third after flowering to increase future flowers and improve the shape of the plant. Prune after the frosts have finished.

Reference Leiper G, Glazebrook J, Cox D and Rathie K (2008) Mangroves to Mountains: A Guide to the Native Plants of South- east Queensland. Revised Edition. Logan River Branch SGAP (Qld Region) Inc.

Hibiscus heterophyllus is the Hibiscus splendens occurs in native hibiscus most commonly a range of locations in SEQ found in SEQ. Records were from the Sunshine Coast to the made by Allan Cunningham southern side of the Brisbane in 1824. He noted Hibiscus River and around Esk. It is a tall Hibiscus divaricatus has a heterophyllus was very frequent prickly shrub. Local forms have more limited distribution than along the Brisbane River, furry silvery-grey leaves and the other species profiled. It “clothed with a profusion” of pink flowers in spring. Plants is a prickly tall shrub with an flowers. In the early 1800s, it was on rainforest edges can reach extended flowering period. grown by Empress Josephine 8 metres in height. Hibiscus Forms seen in SEQ have lemon near Paris. It is usually a very tall, ‘Pink Ice’ is a cross between or gold flowers. This species prickly shrub. Local forms mostly a white H. heterophyllus and has been a standout plant for Hibiscus meraukensis is much have white flowers but flowers a pink H. splendens. Hibiscus us, flowering profusely even in smaller than the previously can be yellow or pink. It flowers ‘Wirruna’ is a cross between drought. Hibiscus ‘Citrus Haze’ mentioned plants. It usually has heavily in spring. We always yellow H. heterophyllus and is a cross between H. divaricatus white flowers. Hibiscus ‘Ian’s grow this species, particularly as pink H. splendens, with a longer and H. heterophyllus. It has Lemon’ is a cross between H. the petals can be used for drinks, flowering period and a novel extended flowering and is meraukensis and H. divaricatus. syrup and jam. salmon flower colour. suitable for jam. It grows to 3 metres high.

Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 9 weed profile Syngoniums Jump the Fence

Article and photographs by Scott Sumner Land for Wildlife Extension Officer Brisbane City Council

n a recent property visit in Pullenvale OI was asked by a landholder to have a look at a vine that was running rampant in an ephemeral creek line. On inspection of the site I instantly recognised the plant as one my mother had grown as an indoor Syngoniums can have pot plant in my childhood - the ornamental attractive variegated leaves classic syngonium (commonly named (shown above) when grown white butterfly, arrowhead vine, five fingers as indoor pot plants. However and goosefoot vine). My mum loved that when they escape into plant because it lived happily for weeks bushland areas, they loose (if not months) without watering when their variegations and can forgotten about, and was easily propagated dominate the understorey. and given away to friends by cuttings. becoming more common and widespread. near bushland areas is the best course A member of the Aroid (Araceae) family In North Queensland, syngoniums have of action. Like many garden escapee syngoniums are a collection of at least been identified by a local environment plants, syngonium was first introduced 10 nursery cultivars. Other popular Aroid group in a list of the 16 most significant to Queensland through nurseries. As a ornamentals such as monstera and weeds in Kuranda. response to community concern over philodendrons have joined sygoniums garden escapee plants, The Nursery in the ever-growing group of introduced Once established, syngonium can be Industry of Queensland has recently garden plants to “jump the fence” into our difficult to eradicate. All parts of syngonium developed a good resource for backyard native forests. In fact, of the almost 3000 plants are poisonous, so it is unlikely to be gardeners to guide them on buying non- introduced plant species known as weeds controlled by native fauna or introduced invasive plants. The “Grow Me Instead” in the Australian environment, 65% are livestock. Manual control requires the initiative promotes the positive shift in the “escaped” garden plants. removal of all parts of the plant including attitude of both the nursery industry and all major roots, which can create a lot of soil consumers alike towards invasive plants. When kept in a pot as an indoor plant (and disturbance. Although syngonium is not this is where they belong!) syngoniums a declared weed, Biosecurity Queensland The “Grow Me Instead” program identifies have an arrow-shaped leaf variegated officers confirm that several herbicides some common garden plants that with white along the veins and centre of would be suitable for its control on private have become environmental weeds in the leaf. If planted outside or dumped in property under the “Minor Use Permit”. Queensland and suggests alternatives natural areas, syngoniums leaves loose that not only benefit garden diversity but their variegation and become dark green Local Government Weed Control Officers also minimises the risk of these plants forming a dense interwoven groundcover in North Queensland reported successful becoming weeds of the future. You can visit totally dominating any existing treatment of syngonium with glyphosate, the “Grow Me Instead” website at www. groundcovers. Referred to as ‘epiphytic fluroxypyr and metsulfuron-methyl growmeinstead.com.au or you can ask your creepers’, they begin their life in the soil herbicides depending on the site; however, local Land for Wildlife Officer for a copy and then eventually climb trees often (as with all weed control) they stress the of the “Grow Me Instead” booklet for Sub- losing their connection with the ground. need for monitoring and follow-up control. tropical Queensland. Vines that climb trees transform into ugly If you have a syngonium infestation, monsters with large divided light green please contact your local Land for Wildlife To avoid problems of garden plants leaves with 5 to 11 different sized leaflets. Extension Officer to gain advice on the escaping into bushland areas, it is always most appropriate control method. best to grow local native species. Your local Native to , syngoniums Land for Wildlife Officer is able to provide prefers moist shady conditions. They are As always, prevention is the best cure. a list of native species suitable for your a recorded weed of rainforests, open Not planting syngoniums in the ground property. woodlands, waterways and riparian areas, roadsides, disturbed sites, waste areas and abandoned gardens. It has been listed as References & useful resources a weed in Florida, El Salvador, Guatemala, www.weedscrc.org.au Honduras, Panama and is a major weed www.envirocare.org.au problem of the citrus industry in Belize. In www.health.qld.gov. au/poisonsinformationcentre Australia, syngoniums are naturalised in Navie, S (2008) Suburban & Environmental Weeds of SEQ Version 2. coastal districts of south-eastern, central University of Queensland, DVD. and northern Queensland. It currently Permit to allow minor use of an AGVET chemical product for the control of environmental has a scattered distribution, but is quickly weeds in non-crop areas. Permit PER11463. www.apvma.gov.au/permits

10 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 \

Have your reflections on your Land for Wildlife property printed in My my little Little Corner in 2010 and receive a free Suburban and Environmental corner Weeds of South-East Queensland DVD valued at $64.90. Send a The Smoking Tree max. of 200 words and a min. of 3 good quality images to the Editor have a tree with a very bad habit - it (details on pg 2). Ismokes. Well, so it appeared to me as I sat idly looking at the Whalebone Tree (Streblus brunonianus) growing in front of my house. It was flowering in November and seemed to be puffing out many little clouds of greyish smoke which drifted off in the early morning breeze.

Although my report caused a bit of sceptical merriment among my friends, a search for the facts reveals this tree is actually going ballistic! Far from being a bad habit, this “smoking” is a clever method of pollination called “ballistic pollen dispersal”. Male and female flowers are borne on spikes or clusters on a pendulous raceme and when the anthers open the pollen is ejected in a little vaporous cloud. This continues over several days until all the flowers are open. The flowers are followed Yellow berries (above) and fruit (below) of by a pretty yellow berry that birds enjoy. the Whalebone Tree. Photos by Glenn Leiper. The tree is small to medium in size but in some conditions can grow quite large.

This tree is not the only one in its family (the Moraceae) addicted to smoking. Burny Vine (Trophis scandens) also uses the ballistic method to disperse its pollen.

Laurel Hall Land for Wildlife member Tallebudgera Valley, Gold Coast

The Whalebone Tree has an unusual method “Grow Me Instead” booklets are to disperse its pollen. The pollen is ejected available from your local Land from these flowers shown in a vaporous for Wildlife Officer or visit cloud, making the tree look as though it is Burny Vine is also a “smoker” using ballistic www.growmeinstead.com.au smoking! Photo by Glenn Leiper. pollen dispersal. Photos by Glenn Leiper

Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 11 weed alert Aerial Yam or Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera var. bulbifera)

Article by Alan Wynn Land for Wildlife Extension Officer Sunshine Coast Regional Council

erial Yam is a perennial vine that produces new Ashort-lived climbing stems each year from an underground tuber. Vines may grow up to 20 metres in a growth season easily smothering native vegetation. It has large alternately arranged heart shaped leaves 5-30 cm long with prominent veins. Aerial tubers (bulbils) are produced along the stems and may be 1-10 cm in All photographs by Sheldon Naive from diameter. It has small flowers arranged in elongated Suburban and Environmental Weeds of South-East Queensland, DVD. clusters with separate male and female flowers borne on separate plants.

The weed Aerial Yam can be distinguished for the local Native Yam (Dioscorea transversa) by the fact that Native Yam does not produce aerial tubers along its stems and it has relatively narrow leaves that are only 5-12 cm long and 2-8 cm wide.

Aerial Yam is dispersed via winged seed or by the aerial tubers. It has a widespread natural range from tropical Africa through India and China to northern Australia. It is becoming naturalised in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern NSW. It is not a declared species; however, it is considered an environmental weed of riparian forests, urban bushland and forest margins and should “This plant is particularly be controlled in natural areas. Aerial Yam is considered difficult to control due to the one of Florida’s most invasive plant species. small bulbils...” This plant is particularly difficult to control due to the small bulbils, so if you have this plant in your garden or if you think you have seen it in bushland near you please contact your local council or Land for Wildlife Extension Officer for advice.

References Navie, S (2008) Suburban and Environmental Weeds of SEQ Version 2. University of Queensland, DVD. Weed Spotters Newsletter. Summer 2008, Page 2. Centre for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. University of Florida. http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu

Don’t confuse… Try not to confuse the weedy Aerial Yam with the Native Yam. Native Yam (shown near right) does not produce aerial tubers, has relatively narrow leaves and has a unique papery seed pod arrangement. Photos by Alan Wynn (left) and Spencer Shaw (right).

12 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 book reviews Restoring Natural Areas in Australia by Robin A. Buchan

n 1989, Bush Regeneration: Recovering to their block and are starting from IAustralian Landscapes by Robyn Buchanan scratch. One of the positives of the new was first published. This book helped book is a particular emphasis on project define the relatively new discipline of bush management and organisation, which regeneration and was highly sought after will be a handy reference for all. There is as a text book for the bush regen’ industry. also insight into the tools and techniques In fact demand was so high that they of restoration work with some detailed quickly sold out. For reasons I’m unsure explanation of particular weed control of, there was no reprint! For over 10 years methods. bush regeneration practitioners have been unable to buy new copies of this very This book could be accused of being a important book. bit “lite” in some areas, but then again there is so much to be covered in the At last however this situation has been ever-expanding practice of ecological remedied and Restoring Natural Areas in restoration, that this claim is inevitable for Australia was published late last year. This a book that covers the whole of Australia. new book is also by Robyn Buchanan and This book will be a great resource that comes with a new title, a new look and helps in the protection and restoration new text. In spite of the differences, this of Australia’s natural areas. Hopefully this book, like its predecessor, will be the book book will remain in print to keep up with Published by Tocal College NSW, 2009 that defines the practice of natural area the thirst for the much needed knowledge Full colour, 264 pages restoration for the early 21st century. about restoring our natural areas. ISBN: 9780 731306 21 3 Price: $44 This new book is a great source of Book Review by Spencer Shaw Available from Brush Turkey Enterprises information about natural area restoration Brush Turkey Enterprises. www.brushturkey.com.au (ph. 5494 3642) for all bush regeneration practitioners and other specialist bookshops. whether they be professionals, bushcare volunteers or landholders who are new

Bats: A Wild Australia Guide by Dr Les Hall

ats: A Wild Australia Guide is one of 23 of common characteristic and external Bnew wildlife guides, published by Steve features. To find a species, simply identify Parish Publishing. This great little book the family characteristics, then go to the covers all 74 of Australia’s bat species - from section of the book and look through the the tiny three gram insectivorous bats, to species profiles. the one kilogram flying foxes, with wing- spans of 1.5 metres. Surrounding the species profiles section is a host of information on biology, special It is a handy guide perfectly sized for use in features, ecology, human health factors, the field or as a quick reference to identify bat conservation, caring for injured bats seen around the home, property or and orphaned bats and links to more locality. information.

Dr Hall’s text is succinct and covers general It is highly recommended as a useful descriptions of each species, their range and handy bat ID booklet with brilliant and habitats, threats and predators, and photography that would appeal to wildlife full life history, accompanied by beautiful lovers of all ages. Steve Parish Publishing, 2009 photographs by renowned photographer, Soft cover, full colour, 96 pages Steve Parish. ISBN: 978 1741935 14 1 Price: $14.95 Designed for easy identification, the booklet Book Review by Greg Siepen Available from Steve Parish is colour-coded for the six family groups Land for Wildlife Extension Officer Publishing and all good bookshops. of bat with species grouped by a number Brisbane City Council

Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 13 responsible pet ownership

Are Pet Cats Compatible with Wildlife?

Article and photos by Melissa and Paul Prociv Land for Wildlife members, Sunshine Coast (Melissa is a Veterinarian)

A Green Treefrog (Litoria caerulea) climbing on the outside surface of a glass door, catching insects and watching the indoor feline audience.

rotecting wildlife while keeping lifestyle was essential, as not all cats are We decided to enclose part of our second Pdomestic pets, especially cats, raises happy to stay indoors and some cats, when story verandah, away from dominant contentious and polarising opinions, but unhappy, quickly resort to inappropriate prevailing winds, with access to the house we cannot deny the benefits humans have behaviour and become difficult to live with. via a cat door. The walls comprise wire- derived from their companion animals over strengthened, pre-stretched, low visibility many millennia. When we moved onto We considered night-time-only-curfew for netting (Catmax Clearnet Enclosure) our property, in late 2007, our overall aim cats to be a token gesture, as even well-fed, allowing a view. Being at tree-level, the was to enhance its attractiveness to native pampered pet cats will be tempted to catch cats can enjoy the temptations offered wildlife, but we also wanted a few pets. wildlife, whenever a good opportunity by wildlife in the garden and surrounds, However, we knew how free roaming pets presents. We were also well aware that without causing any damage, and we can could cause stress to native animals, let inappropriate pet selection underlies sit and relax with them. alone injury, maiming and death. the enormous stray, feral and shelter We also leash-trained our cats so they can populations of cats, leading to euthanasia be walked on lawns around our house Information and advice from a wide range being their biggest killer in our society. of sources were essential for commencing to get their fill of grass grazing, without the task of salvaging our remnant rainforest Having selected our three pets, we made bolting suddenly to catch an unsuspecting and revegetating extensive degraded sure they had collars and tags on them, bird that had been an earlier subject of pastures. We got rid of domestic livestock, and microchips (to help locate them in admiration. Cats sleep 13-16 hours daily, removed barbed-wire fencing, slashed and case they did escape), were vaccinated, a need we satisfied by providing safe perches throughout the house and outdoor sprayed weeds and started to repair soil de-sexed and had regular health checks. In enclosure where they can get away from erosion. We bought rainforest seedlings addition, while ensuring our house was cat each other. We set up “roosts” on top of the as tubestock from various suppliers and secure, we also sought to give them secure fridge, shelves and file drawers and also started growing our own. access to fresh air and sunshine, which provided hammocks and marine-carpeted As for pets, we decided against dogs for meant building a cat-proof enclosure. pineboard cat walks under the verandah various reasons. While just about every Enclosures can be built in various ways: roof in the Catmax enclosure. domestic feline is innately hard-wired for assemble your own from scratch, buy a kit hunting, after considerable homework, we from a commercial supplier or have one Other necessities for indoor cats include settled on a breed of domestic cat we knew professionally installed. scratch and climbing poles for isometric would be content living a secure indoor life, exercise (which cats need more than dogs), For maximal outdoor exposure, the walls separated from wildlife, and would make prey-like toys, regularly cleaned litter trays can be made from wire mesh or reinforced excellent domestic companions for us. and free access to food and water. We brush netting. The enclosure can stand free in them frequently to remove sloughed fur The effort we invested in choosing cats your backyard, or connect directly to the so they don’t have to lick it off or leave it best suited temperamentally for an indoor house by a tunnel or cat-flap door. around the house.

14 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 Catmax secure outdoor enclosure on verandah.

Cats lying around on high hammocks in How has this approach ensured our pet cats many insects and arachnids including the Catmax secure outdoor enclosure. are happy but compatible with wildlife? uncommon Golden Huntsman.

Firstly, wildlife moves freely around our Secondly, the cats fulfil their hunting house, without signs of disturbance. It was instincts by stalking and watching potential thrilling to see a Collared Sparrowhawk prey, without inflicting damage. sitting undisturbed on the verandah railing within 6 metres of our cats in their Thirdly, the cats are protected from the enclosure. We are regularly visited by many regular hazards of outdoor feline life, other bird species, including Pale-headed including car strikes, attacks by foxes and Rosellas, Australian King Parrots, Rainbow by feral and off-leash dogs, attacks by feral Lorikeets, Sulfur-crested Cockatoos, Galahs, and roaming domestic cats (territorial Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoos, Blue- fights can result in lacerational abscesses faced Honeyeaters, Spangled Drongos, and transmit feline infectious agents, Noisy Miners, Australian Magpies, Pied such as Feline Immunodeficiency Virus), Butcherbirds, Pied Currawongs, Laughing envenomation by snakes and paralysis ticks Kookaburras, Crested Pigeons, Striated and intoxication from eating baits and Cane Pardalotes and Pheasant Coucals. Wood Toads. Ducks often bring their young to the Our choice won’t be for everyone, and it windows downstairs. wasn’t cheap, but we derive great pleasure Collared Sparrowhawk perched on from seeing our wildlife close up and the Around the house we also see Swamp verandah railing within 6 metres of cat population is healthy and growing. At the Wallabies, and many species of snakes, enclosure (raptor identified from our photo including Carpet Pythons, Brown Tree same time we enjoy the companionship by Greg Czechura, Queensland Museum). Snakes, Green Tree Snakes, Blind Snakes and amusing antics of our pet cats, who and Red-bellied Black Snakes; lizards are obviously very content. Keeping cats including Lace Monitors and Robust Velvet indoors with access to secure outdoor Geckos; frogs, including Bleating, Emerald- enclosures has parallels with the dog leash spotted, Graceful and Green Treefrogs, laws; in years past, it was normal to see pet Eastern Sedgefrogs, Great Barred-frogs, dogs roaming freely, but now restraint is Striped Marshfrogs and pobblebonks; integral to responsible dog ownership.

Useful information about options for responsible cat ownership is available at the following sites: Indoor cat health and behaviour Consult your veterinarian www.pethealth.com.au/Page/cat-assimilation-and-moving-cat-pet-pick www.vet.ohio-state.edu/747.htm Commercial cat enclosure companies (RSPCA endorsed) www.catmax.com.au www.catnip.com.au www.catenclosures.com.au/ www.eftel.com/~oscillot/cat%20fencing%20home.htm Cat H-style Harness and Leash We use this very secure, comfortable harness and leash for walking cats because it has easy to use adjustable collar and girth bands, secured by plastic clip buckles. www.lupinepet.com/cat/cats.php

Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010 15 Land for Wildlife Regional Coordination is proudly managed by SEQ Catchments with support from the Australian Government.

International Year of Biodiversity

he United Nations declared 2010 to be part of nature’s rich diversity and have the Tthe International Year of Biodiversity as a power to protect or destroy it”. celebration of life on Earth and to recognise the value of biodiversity in our lives. The Year of Biodiversity is recognised as the greatest opportunity for biodiversity to The vast variety of life or biodiversity on get its place on the international agenda. Earth is essential for sustaining the living Worldwide events throughout the year will networks and systems that provide us with be held to raise awareness, promote the everything we need to live including air, protection of biodiversity and encourage water, shelter, food, fuel and medicines. organisations and individuals to act against biodiversity loss. The target is to protect Biodiversity is constantly changing. and restore habitats and natural systems to It is increased by genetic change and achieve a significant reduction in the current evolutionary processes and reduced by rate of biodiversity loss. processes such as habitat loss, degradation, population declines and ultimately There are many events and exhibitions being extinction. With the continuing increase held in Queensland including the Butterfly in human population and unsustainable Man of Kuranda exhibit at the Queensland activities, biodiversity loss is accelerating. Museum until 12 July. Please check with your local Council and community groups A minimum of 16,928 species of fauna to find out what’s on in your area. For more worldwide are currently threatened with information regarding the International Year extinction. In the South-east Queensland of Biodiversity go to www.cbd.int/2010 region, there are over 200 species of fauna listed as threatened and several that are Article by Claire Kelly considered extinct. In Brisbane alone, 40% of Conservation Partnerships Program the 523 fauna species recorded are at risk of Brisbane City Council local extinction due to habitat loss.

The Secretariat of the Convention on Photos (top) Blue Triangle butterfly; Biological Diversity recognised the role (middle) Major Mitchell Cockatoo on a humans have to play in the protection of Land for Wildlife property in Western biodiversity in the statement: “humans are Brisbane; and Blue-faced Honeyeater photo by Geoff Keena.

Land for Wildlife South East Queensland is proudly delivered and locally coordinated by Opinions expressed by contributors to the Land the following 11 Local Governments and the Burnett Mary Regional Group: for Wildlife newsletter are not necessarily those of the Land for Wildlife program nor any of the supporting agencies.

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16 Land for Wildlife South East Queensland April 2010